|
on Agricultural Economics |
|
Issue of 2020‒08‒24
thirty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Bista, Raghu |
| Abstract: | This study investigates empirically how forest resources production and time allocation behavior links with climate change issue by using household survey in mid hill village of Nepal. We use Cobb Douglas production function theory to develop household production function econometric model. We use two character households: unemployed and forest dependent population for observation of time allocation behavior for household production. In addition, we use poverty and illiteracy of household characters for understanding its effect on household decision behavior and production behavior. In outcomes of the study, household production behavior of rural people results higher dependency on forest biomass and its consequence-climate change cause issue. |
| Keywords: | household production, forest, time allocation, climate change |
| JEL: | D13 D14 D6 D61 D62 Q2 Q23 Q24 Q5 Q54 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2019–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:100622&r=all |
| By: | Pannell, David J.; Pardey, Philip G.; Hurley, Terrence M. |
| Abstract: | In this series of reports, we discuss the opportunities for private incentives to drive greater adoption of new or changed farming practices that generate public benefits. This includes private incentives to farmers, and private incentives to other participants in the agricultural supply chain. We blend theory and practice with an eye to both the economic and environmental risks and rewards involved. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:304700&r=all |
| By: | Thamo, Tas; Pannell, David J.; Pardey, Philip G.; Hurley, Terrence M. |
| Abstract: | This paper is part 3 of a series concerned with harnessing private incentives to enhance the sustainability of agricultural production. Paper 1 outlines key principles and insights from existing research on the general requirements to achieve changes in agriculture to enhance sustainability, while Paper 2 applies those insights to water pollution caused by agriculture. This paper builds on those insights by examining the opportunities to increase sequestration of carbon in agricultural soils. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:304703&r=all |
| By: | Grimm, Michael (University of Passau); Luck, Nathalie (University of Passau) |
| Abstract: | In many parts of the world, several decades of intensively applying Green Revolution technologies came at environmental costs, i.e. degraded water and soil quality as well as a loss of biodiversity. This has led to an increased interest in alternative farming systems such as organic farming, which is commonly perceived as more sustainable. Despite many initiatives to promote organic farming, it remains a marginal activity in many countries. Widespread uptake of organic farming requires a better understanding of the drivers for and barriers to its adoption. Previous studies highlighted information as an important driver of agricultural technology adoption. Yet, despite the variety of programs studied, little is known about the role of removing information constraints in the context of organic farming. In this paper, we focus on the role of information provision and training as one driver for the adoption of organic farming practices in Indonesia. We use a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to identify the impact of a three-day hands-on training in organic farming on smallholder farmers' adoption and knowledge of such practices as well as on their perception towards organic farming. We find that the training intervention had a positive and statistically significant effect on the use of organic inputs. We further find positive and statistically significant treatment effects with respect to knowledge about and perception of organic farming. Overall, our findings suggest that intense training is a promising instrument to increase the uptake of organic farming. |
| Keywords: | organic farming, technology adoption, RCT, Indonesia |
| JEL: | C93 O12 O33 Q12 Q16 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13400&r=all |
| By: | Pannell, David J.; Pardey, Philip G.; Hurley, Terrence M.; Coulter, Jeffrey |
| Abstract: | This is the second in a series of papers concerned with harnessing private incentives to enhance the sustainability of agricultural production. Paper 1 outlines key principles and insights from existing research on the general requirements to achieve changes in agriculture to enhance sustainability. This paper builds on those insights by examining the opportunities to reduce water pollution arising from agriculture, including opportunities for private agribusiness firms to contribute by virtue of their ability to influence the actions of farmers. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:304702&r=all |
| By: | Banerjee, Mohua; Kunamaneni, Suneel |
| Abstract: | The value chain of the Indian dairy industry consists of dairy farmers, collection centres, chilling centres, processing plants, retailers and consumers. The objectives of the study are to map the processes and operational challenges existing in the dairy value chain, estimate profitability of the participants at the farm-levels to gauge their potential in undertaking entrepreneurial initiatives, study roles of the privately-owned processing plants in the supply chain, and identify business models of startups in the dairy ecosystem who drive productivity through technology interventions. Exploratory research through multiple field visits, in-depth interviews and personal observations in West Bengal (eastern India) and Bangalore have formed the basis of this study. Using case study format, the roles of the different intermediaries in the value chain have been analysed to develop insights on their entrepreneurial abilities and intent. The findings reveal the largely fragmented, unorganized dairy industry where the channel members majorly operate in silos with linkages only to their immediate backward and forward partners, in a myopic manner. At the farm level, only the chilling centres have sufficient profitability to undertake value-adding entrepreneurial initiatives. The marginal dairy farmers are at subsistence level and hence unable to participate in value creation. The private processing plants are corporate entrepreneurs and their interactions with chilling centres are confined to that of supplier-manufacturer, to ensure seamless supply of milk for their manufacturing processes. They do not engage with the small dairy farmers. In these circumstances, new-age start-ups that create social impact while operating as a viable, for-profit organization, effectively bridge the gaps in the dairy value chain by intervening at all its nodal points and providing technology solutions to create additional value. Farmers are at the core of the dairy processes as they produce the milk and any improvement in the value chain ultimately gets back to the farmer through better prices and better market linkages. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:296765&r=all |
| By: | CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) |
| Abstract: | Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) is one of CGIAR’s Global Integrating Programs, focused on addressing the policy, institutional, and market constraints to sustainable and equitable economic development and rural transformation. Such roadblocks include regulations restricting adoption of technologies by smallholder farmers, inefficient allocation of public resources, market failures or missing markets, weak property rights, restrictive gender norms and practices, and exposure of smallholders to shocks and risks. PIM aims to address these constraints through four main channels: global agenda setting, national policy support, program and market innovations, and capacity development. |
| Keywords: | agricultural policies; institutions; gender; governance |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:2019pimhighlights&r=all |
| By: | Nordman, Christophe Jalil (IRD, DIAL, Paris-Dauphine); Sharma, Smriti (Newcastle University); Sunder, Naveen (Bentley University) |
| Abstract: | In predominantly agrarian economies with limited irrigation, rainfall plays a critical role in shaping households' incomes and subsequently their spending decisions. This study uses household-level panel data from a nationally representative survey in India to estimate the effect of agricultural productivity shocks – as proxied by exogenous annual rainfall deviations from long-term average – on education expenditures and children's work status in rural Indian households. Our results show that a transitory increase in rainfall significantly reduces education expenditures and increases the likelihood of child labor across a range of work activities. Additionally, we show that productivity-enhancing inputs such as land ownership and credit access do not mitigate these countercyclical effects of rainfall variations, indicating the importance of market imperfections (in labor and land markets). We also find that the effects of productivity shocks are reinforced for historically marginalized castes, and moderated for more educated households. These highlight that the average effects mask considerable heterogeneity based on household and regional characteristics. |
| Keywords: | rainfall shocks, education expenditures, child work, market imperfections, India |
| JEL: | D13 I21 J16 O12 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13405&r=all |
| By: | de Brauw, Alan; Hirvonen, Kalle; Abate, Gashaw T. |
| Abstract: | In early July 2020, we called by telephone a representative sample of nearly 600 households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to assess income changes and household food and nutrition security status during the COVID-19 pandemic (recall period covering June). This was the third administration of a COVID-19 related survey to these households, following surveys in early May 2020 and early June. About 64 percent of the households indicated in the third survey that their incomes were lower than expected (down from 67 percent reporting lower incomes than expected in previous month) and 42 percent reported that they are extremely stressed about the situation (down from 45 percent in previous month). Using a pre-pandemic wealth index, we find that less-wealthy households were considerably more likely to report income losses and high stress levels than were wealthier households. Compared to the period just before the pandemic (January and February 2020), indicators measuring food security have significantly worsened but during the pandemic they have remained relatively stable. Households now are less frequently consuming relatively more expensive but nutritionally richer foods, such as fruit and dairy products. However, overall food security status in Addis Ababa is not yet alarming and we see small signs of improvements in this July phone survey relative to previous months. However, many households have drawn down their savings over past months to buffer their food consumption. As the daily COVID-19 infection rates are still rising in Ethiopia, the food security situation in Addis Ababa may deteriorate over coming months, especially as the savings levels among the poorest households are now low. This calls for a further scale-up and strengthening of existing support programs. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; food security; nutrition; policies; employment; pandemics; knowledge; households; surveys; indicators; food consumption; health; urban areas; rural areas; physical distancing; Covid-19; social distancing |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:148&r=all |
| By: | Marivoet, Wim; Ulimwengu, John M.; Sall, Leysa Maty |
| Abstract: | This report is the final outcome of various knowledge products and training material, usually labelled as “printed eAtlas†, which have been developed and shared with Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) under the Voice for Change Partnership (V4CP) programme. |
| Keywords: | GHANA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; nutrition; food security; resilience; policies; milk consumption; food consumption; livestock; diet; trace elements; spatial data; policy atlas; nutrition sensitive; nutrient adequacy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resrep:1159990240&r=all |
| By: | Barlow, Pepita; Loopstra, Rachel; Tarasuk, Valerie; Reeves, Aaron |
| Abstract: | Background: Eradicating food insecurity is necessary for achieving global health goals. Liberal trade policies might increase food supplies but how these policies influence individual-level food insecurity remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between liberal trade policies and food insecurity at the individual level, and whether this association varies across country-income and household-income groups. Methods: For this observational analysis, we combined individual-level data from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN with a country-level trade policy index from the Konjunkturforschungsstelle Swiss Economic Institute. We examined the association between a country's trade policy score and the probability of individuals reporting moderate-severe or severe food insecurity using regression models and algorithmic weighting procedures. We controlled for multiple covariates, including gross domestic product, democratisation level, and population size. Additionally, we examined heterogeneity by country and household income. Results: Our sample comprised 460 102 individuals in 132 countries for the period of 2014–17. Liberal trade policy was not significantly associated with moderate-severe or severe food insecurity after covariate adjustment. However, among households in high-income countries with incomes higher than US$25 430 per person per year (adjusted for purchasing power parity), a unit increase in the trade policy index (more liberal) corresponded to a 0·07% (95% CI −0·10 to −0·04) reduction in the predicted probability of reporting moderate-severe food insecurity. Among households in the lowest income decile ( |
| Keywords: | food insecurity; trade policy; global health; Economic and Social Research Council |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2020–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:105815&r=all |
| By: | Acquah, Isaiah; Forson, Joseph Ato; Baah-Ennumh, Theresa Yabaa |
| Abstract: | High rate of concretization of urban areas presents a challenge to the sustainability of urban farms in Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA), as farms are outcompeted to built-up areas for residential and commercial purposes. A major result of this concretization is a growing loss of farmlands in the metropolis. Our study explores the effect of urban growth on livelihood financing and food security of urban farming households. This is an exploratory study based on purposive sampling and snowballing techniques to inquiry. This qualitative study uses interview guides (semi-structured and structured) to collect primary data from farmers in the Accra metropolis. We bolstered this approach with spatial imagery tool to map out changing farm sizes in the metropolis. We find participants displaying greater wakefulness of the community as a key factor of urban farming in relation to food security, income and employment. This was because of inadequate land use planning and support to urban farmers. Some of the significant challenges identified were limited space for farming, limited resources, continuous increase in buildings and inadequate education. Conscious efforts should be made by the assemblies at all levels to develop comprehensive land-use plans to guide urban land management. As part of housing policy, vertical development (storey building) of housing and office accommodation is encouraged rather than horizontal expansion of offices and residential accommodation, which could encourage further growth in buildings. Moreover, the organization of urban farmer associations is a prerequisite to the improvement of urban agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Urban farming; sustainable livelihoods; sustainable financing; Food security; Ghana; |
| JEL: | R12 R14 R2 R23 |
| Date: | 2019–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102170&r=all |
| By: | Koo, Jawoo; Pardey, Philip G. |
| Abstract: | HarvestChoice began in 2006, when detailed and readily accessible data on agriculture, human welfare, and the environment were scarce for Africa South of the Sahara (SSA). Statistics to support agricultural policy and investment decisions in the region were often too coarse—available only at national scale. Since then, technology advances (e.g., remote sensing, geographic information systems, and modeling tools) have enabled rapid data generation. |
| Keywords: | AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, AFRICA, agriculture, technology, data, spatial data, climate change, poverty, resilience, trade, seeds, fertilizers, investment, agricultural technology |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:1178700048&r=all |
| By: | Balaji, S. J.; Babu, Suresh Chandra |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the transformation process Indian agriculture exhibited in the recent past, studying its policy implications. Between the years 2005-06 and 2015-16, more than 52 million workers left agriculture, which did not have any effect on agricultural output due to productivity improvements. We estimate the contribution of productivity growth and structural change in agriculture to national productivity growth during 1981-2016. We estimate differentials in agricultural productivity and in their ability to contribute to the structural change process for 21 major states of India. Using revised employment estimates, we trace major changes during the pre-reforms (before 1991) and post-reforms periods. Results show that in the pre-reforms period, the impact of productivity improvements in agriculture on agricultural output was equated by the new workforce entering into this sector, leading to a stagnant labor productivity trend. The labor-shift from agriculture during the early years of the post-reforms period, which increased further in the next decade, has led to a consistent rise in agricultural productivity. In the absence of reforms and the associated labor shift, the productivity growth in Indian agriculture would have been much lower. A similar labor shift during the last decade has not affected agricultural output, which has risen more rapidly. This result holds true for almost all states studied. There exists a positive relation between labor-shift and agricultural output in a cluster of states. Decomposition results indicate ‘within-sector’ productivity growth is the major source of overall growth, with a rising contribution of ‘structural change’. Studying the sources of growth across states offers new scope to achieve inter-sectoral productivity convergence. |
| Keywords: | INDIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; ASIA; agriculture; agricultural productivity; labour; economic growth; productivity; structural change; degradation; agricultural growth; labor productivity |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1943&r=all |
| By: | Zohra Bouamra (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02902653&r=all |
| By: | Sellare, Jorge |
| Abstract: | Fairtrade standards differentiate themselves from other sustainability standards such as Rainforest Alliance and UTZ by demanding that buyers pay to farmers at least a minimum price and a Fairtrade social premium – a sum that is paid to cooperatives in addition to the agreed price to be used in projects to strengthen the cooperative and to benefit the community in the villages more broadly. The latter is often mentioned in the literature as one of the key mechanisms through which Fairtrade engenders changes in the small farm sector. However, no previous study has explicitly analyzed what the social premium is used for, which factors affect the decision-making processes, and whether farmers, workers, and the local communities more broadly benefit from projects implemented with the premium money. In this article, I use multivariate statistical techniques to analyze how patterns in the use of the premium are related to cooperatives’ organizational characteristics. To illustrate the potential benefits of the social premium to the local community, I use regression analyses to evaluate the effects of certification and educational projects financed with the social premium on household education expenditure. I find evidence that living in a village where an educational project was implemented has a positive effect on education expenditure among farmers, but does not have an effect among rural workers. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gagfdp:304709&r=all |
| By: | Marivoet, Wim; Ulimwengu, John M.; Sall, Leysa Maty |
| Abstract: | This report is the final outcome of various knowledge products and training material, usually labelled as “printed eAtlas†, which have been developed and shared with Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) under the Voice for Change Partnership (V4CP) programme. |
| Keywords: | RWANDA; CENTRAL AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; nutrition; food security; resilience; policies; milk consumption; food consumption; livestock; diet; trace elements; spatial data; policy atlas; nutrition sensitive; nutrient adequacy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resrep:1159990146&r=all |
| By: | Jonas Heiberg; Christian Binz; Bernhard Truffer |
| Abstract: | Classic accounts of transitions research have dominantly built on reconstructions of historical transition processes and in-depth case studies to identify and conceptualize socio-technical change. While such approaches have substantively improved our understanding of transitions, they often suffer from a methodological nationalism and lack of generalizability of the insights gained. To address this gap, we propose a novel methodology – socio-technical network analysis (STNA) – to map and measure socio-technical alignment processes across time and space. STNA provides a relational and dynamic perspective on how social and technical elements get reconfigured and aligned into “configurations that work†, allowing for the identification of differentiated transition trajectories at and across spatial context. The method’s performance is illustrated by the empirical case of ongoing transition processes in the global water sector. Building on this illustration, we outline potential future avenues of research, sketching the contours of what we believe could become a very generative conceptual perspective and methodological approach for transitions research in the future. |
| Keywords: | Socio-technical network analysis, Geography of transitions, Socio-technical alignments, Transition trajectories, Discourse, Modular water technologies |
| JEL: | O33 O31 D85 L95 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2035&r=all |
| By: | Wojtek Szewczyk (European Commission - JRC); Luc Feyen (European Commission - JRC); Anca Matei (European Commission - JRC); Juan Carlos Ciscar (European Commission - JRC); Eamonn Mulholland (European Commission - JRC); Antonio Soria (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Climate change damages the capital stock, affects economic production and the welfare of households in regions suffering the impact or that are economically linked with them. These economic effects have been quantified for seven climate impact categories: river floods, coastal floods, agriculture, energy supply, droughts, windstorms and human mortality. Due to the limited coverage of climate impacts, the assessment does not evaluate the full economic impacts of climate change in Europe. Human mortality from extreme heat dominates the economic climate impacts, yet its contribution is strongly dependent on the monetary valuation of human lives. The magnitude of welfare losses in the Southern regions (Central Europe South and Southern Europe) is estimated to be several times larger compared to that in the North of Europe. Limiting warming to 2oC would halve economic impacts compared to a 3oC scenario, while achieving the stringent Paris target of 1.5oC would lower welfare loss by 75%. |
| Keywords: | climate change, global warming, sectoral impacts, economics, welfare |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc120452&r=all |
| By: | Pannell, David J.; Pardey, Philip G.; Thamo, Tas; Hurley, Terrence M. |
| Abstract: | This paper is a summary and synthesis of a series of three papers dealing with private incentives for sustainable agricultural outcomes. There is a large and still growing literature on ameliorating the undesirable environmental consequences of agriculture. Much of that literature deals with public policy and regulatory approaches to eco-friendly farming. While we have learned much from that past research and analysis, the premise of this suite of papers is that private decisions are crucial for putting global agriculture on a more sustainable footing. To meet the increasing demand for food as a result of population growth and economic development, agriculture must continue to grow more food. The challenge is to do this while protecting natural resources and the environment and also enabling farmers to make a decent living. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:304704&r=all |
| By: | Strokov, Anton (Строков, Антон) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shagaida, Natalia (Шагайда, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ternovskiy, Denis (Терновский, Денис) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Lugovoy, Oleg (Луговой, Олег) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Barinova, Vera (Баринова, Вера) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Potashnikov, Vladimir (Поташников, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Lanshina, Tatiana (Ланьшина, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Using the GLOBIOM partial equilibrium model, we wanted to evaluate the possible ways of Russia's development in the framework of scenarios for the intensification or intensification of crop production until 2030 and until 2050. The advantage of this model is that, given prices and supply and demand, it is able to find a solution for a particular country, choose the most profitable crops, direct production there, and also calculate the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities based on the results of calculations. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042026&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Trang; de Brauw, Alan; van den Berg, Marrit; Phuong Ha, Do Thi |
| Abstract: | Schools are an attractive entry point to improve children’s diets, as their eating habits can be shaped during childhood and the information disseminated from school can reach adults through children. We implemented a cluster-randomized trial in 12 schools in peri-urban Viet Nam to assess if two school-based interventions increased knowledge of healthy diets among children and their parents, as well as children’s consumption of healthy foods. First, children were given lessons about food before school lunch and encouraged to share the lessons with their parents. Second, children were provided with healthy snacks for five weeks to reinforce messages about healthy eating. We found that in the short term, the nutrition lessons raised the knowledge index score of the children by 0.35 standard deviation. After six months, this intervention retained its effectiveness only for the children who also received free access to fruit, emphasizing the linkage between knowledge and practice. By itself, free access to fruit at school increased the children’s daily fruit consumption by half a portion, but not at the expense of home fruit consumption. Access to healthy foods at school can therefore be an effective measure to raise children’s healthy consumption. Child-parent communication was not a reliable channel for knowledge dissemination in our setting. |
| Keywords: | VIET NAM; VIETNAM; SOUTH EAST ASIA; ASIA; health; food consumption; health foods; nutrition; school feeding; school children; diet; child nutrition; consumption of healthy foods; fruit and vegetable consumption; healthy diets; child nutrition and health; school-based nutrition education |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1939&r=all |
| By: | Andrzej Bolesta (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, UNESCAP) |
| Abstract: | Asia-Pacific small island developing States (SIDS), are a diverse group, despite the broad perception to the contrary. Nevertheless, although they differ in size of landmass, population, national economies and the level of development, they share common development challenges. Those challenges can be classified as economic (small sized, undiversified economies, remotely located and exposed to external shocks), environmental (existential threats related to climate change and environmental degradation), political (ethnic conflicts and political instability) and social (violence towards vulnerable groups). Some of the challenges – such as environmental and economic vulnerabilities – cannot be addressed without concerted efforts and the support of the international community. This support is framed within the United Nations’ programmes of action, and more specifically, the SAMOA Pathway for SIDS (2014-2024) and the Istanbul Programme of Action for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) (2011-2021). The solution to the development predicaments of SIDS also lies in a particular type of structural economic transformation, which does not follow the traditional path from agriculture to industry and then to services. As building a manufacturing base in remote islands located far away from global markets is not a viable option, structural transformation in SIDS must be well targeted and aimed at productive, niche services and modernised agriculture and fishery, and at utilising the resources of their exclusive economic zones. This sectoral development of both sectors, if accompanied by productivity gains, will effectively enhance the development trajectory. Subsequently, these actions must be underpinned by economic policies to build economic resilience, create productive capacities and productive employment, and to utilise new mechanisms to finance developmental advancements. |
| Keywords: | development, economic policies, structural transformation, small island developing States, Asia and the Pacific, UN programmes of action |
| JEL: | O10 O20 E60 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:wpmpdd:wp/20/02&r=all |
| By: | Revell, Brian |
| Abstract: | The analysis in the paper focuses on global trends in total factor productivity (TFP) growth and some of its key components and drivers. The relative performance of the UK in relation to many key countries with globally important agri-food sectors, either or both as exporters and or importers of agricultural products, and as potential targets of its future UK post-Brexit strategy are examined. Two approaches are explored in order to gain some insights into productivity growth and its measurement: the decomposition output growth through the contributions of growth in land, labour, capital, material inputs and TFP, and modelling output growth to identify the significant contributing variables. Finally, the challenges that the agricultural sector of the might face as a consequence of its proposed UK post Brexit agricultural policy (if and when it might happen) for its productivity are considered and some conclusions regarding the relevance to future agri-technology developments are outlined. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:296766&r=all |
| By: | Julio Elías; Gustavo Ferro; Álvaro García |
| Abstract: | We study innovation and knowledge generation in the quality wine industry in Argentina. The approach followed provides a useful framework to understand innovation at the market and the individual innovator level. We show that the wine quality revolution in Argentina was driven by economic incentives. Wine producers seek for quality as a differentiation mechanism that allows them to appropriate, at least partially, of the return to innovation. We also show that the quality wine revolution of Argentina, involved a series of experimental and rapid conceptual innovations. All the former produced a radical change in the wine industry of Argentina. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Wine industry, Argentina |
| JEL: | O31 Q13 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aep:anales:4135&r=all |
| By: | May, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Some researchers argue that climate change can only be combated by reducing economic growth in developed countries. While this is a reasonable argument, it is very unlikely that all these countries will lower their economic activity in the short-medium run in order to favour the environment. This article explores an alternative solution that consists of affecting farmer’s incentives to adopt environmental practices when they operate in a highly business-oriented paradigm. Using a structural equations approach, it was found that farmers can potentially be induced to adopt these practices by means of local policy programs. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:296764&r=all |
| By: | Antonova, Maria (Антонова, Мария) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shagaida, Natalia (Шагайда, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Uzun, Vasiliy (Узун, Василий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ternovskiy, Denis (Терновский, Денис) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Gataulina, Ekaterina (Гатаулина, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Potapova, Alexandra (Потапова, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shishkina, Ekaterina (Шишкина, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Recently, the Government of the Russian Federation has been actively engaged in the issue of the formation and development of small business entities that play an important role in the country's agricultural production, and in many regions are dominant. However, small producers face different problems: a small volume of production and, as a result, difficulties in selling products, lack of competitiveness in the market, lack of necessary skills, equipment, etc. Cooperation is aimed at mitigating and solving these difficulties. It can help farmers and rural people to adapt to a market economy, improve access to markets, modern equipment and technologies, increase the competitiveness and profitability of cooperation participants. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042027&r=all |
| By: | Babu, Suresh Chandra; Ogunniyi, Adebayo; Balana, Bedru; Andam, Kwaw S. |
| Abstract: | The aim of Nigeria’s extension reform and transformation agenda through its new national extension policy (NEP) is to put in place a legislated, pluralistic, farmer-responsive, and market-oriented extension system. The reformed extension system aims at an assured and regular source of funding and a well-trained and motivated staff, effectively catering for a variety of actors along targeted value chains. It also aims at effective integration of the complex innovation processes in the agricultural and food system transformation in Nigeria. Implementation of the NEP at the state level remains a major challenge. This paper documents issues, challenges, constraints, and potential solutions and opportunities in implementing NEP at the state level using Niger State as a case study. We use a qualitative method in the context of inclusive consultative process with a focus on the multi-stakeholder participatory model. We found that strengthening actors’ capacities for innovation by considering the complexity of agricultural innovation system is very critical to effective and successful implementation of national agricultural policies in Niger State. We confirm from our study that “networking, partnership facilitation, and collaboration†functions are crucial cross-cutting measures across the agricultural innovation system for operative and systematic implementation of the NEP in Niger State. Based on our findings in Niger State, even if we make effort to draw generic lessons for Nigeria, the case studies show that understanding the dynamics of efficiently and productively implementing the National Extension Policy remain case-specific, and no ‘silver bullet’ can be provided to support agricultural innovation system due to the complex federal governance system in Nigeria. Therefore, a state-level or case-specific is highly recommended for operational implementation process in Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; agricultural extension; extension policies; multi-stakeholder processes; decentralization; implementation; models; National Extension Policy (NEP); Kaleidoscope model; multi-stakeholders consultation; qualitative approach |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1942&r=all |
| By: | Bose, Neha (University of Warwick); Hills, Thomas (University of Warwick); Sgroi, Daniel (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | Though many in the general public are concerned about climate change, most are unaware that agriculture and food production accounts for about one quarter of aggregate green house emissions and therefore, diet change is one of the most effective ways that individuals can reduce their climate impact. To investigate how best to communicate this, we present the results of a pre-registered randomised control trial, involving 1220 subjects, exploring six different information interventions. Our findings indicate that the most influential interventions are based on scientific knowledge and efficacy salience. These effects are mediated by prior beliefs and individual characteristics. Providing information on the health impact of a plant-based diet was most effective for individuals with pre-existing health concerns. The greatest resistance to this information was associated with motivated reasoning around meat consumption: the more meat a participant consumed the less they reported knowing about the relationship between diet and climate before the study, the more resistant they were to new information demonstrating that relationship, the lower their efficacy beliefs around climate change, and the more likely they were to take moral offence at being informed. Our results suggest that while many people are open to dietary change and are responsive to scientific evidence, the largest potential for impact between diet and climate may be in overcoming pre-existing biases associated with sacred values around meat consumption. |
| Keywords: | self efficacy, decit model of science communication, nudge, interventions, environment, agriculture, vegan, vegetarian, diet, climate change, motivated reasoning, cognitive dissonance, strategic ignorance, social norms |
| JEL: | Q54 D91 I12 C90 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13426&r=all |
| By: | Behrendt, Karl; Paparas, Dimitrios |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:296494&r=all |
| By: | Teboho Bosiu; Thando Vilakazi |
| Abstract: | The growth of African multinational companies in Southern and East Africa in recent decades brings with it a great opportunity for development of productive capacity in the region and greater regional integration. This study identifies three emerging multinationals in the region?Trade Kings (from Zambia), Export Trading Group (Kenya), and Mount Meru (Tanzania)?that have developed capabilities over time to become effective competitors of incumbent food production companies in other country markets. |
| Keywords: | African multinational corporations, Multinational firms, barriers to entry, food production, Regional integration |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2020-88&r=all |
| By: | Schimmelpfennig, David; Lowenberg-DeBoer, James |
| Abstract: | In the United States average adoption rates have increased for precision agriculture (PA) technologies used to produce many field crops. PA makes use of information collected on the farm to target site-specific, intensive management of farm production. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) allows close examination of regional patterns of adoption, and how crop types and region interact with differences in farm sizes and soil productivity variability to influence adoption rates. The most common PA technologies are guidance systems that use global positioning systems (GPS) to steer tractors and other farm equipment. Remote sensing, soil mapping, and yield mapping all use GPS to geolocate data and create maps used to guide farm management decision. Variable rate input-application technologies (VRT) make use of remote images, soil tests, yields maps and other sources of information to apply different, more precise levels of inputs in farmer’s fields. GPS guided VRT fertilization was introduced in the early 1990s and increased slowly over the last three decades. The ARMS data for winter wheat (2017), corn (2016) and soybeans (2012) showed use of VRT seeding and pesticide applications growing rapidly. The data indicated that PA technology was being used on farms across all sizes and all regions, with adoption occurring more rapidly on larger farms. VRT use on soybean farms was highest in areas of higher soil variability. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2020–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:304070&r=all |
| By: | Bernadeta Gołębiowska (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Anna Bartczak (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Mikołaj Czajkowski (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw) |
| Abstract: | The study aims to investigate the impact of social norms and the financial motivation on the disutility of Polish households from energy management. We analyzed consumers’ preferences for the new Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs. We applied a choice experiment (CE) framework for various electricity contracts that implied external control of electricity usage. Based on the hybrid model, we proved that people with higher descriptive social norms about electricity consumption are less sensitive to the level of compensation and more responsive to the number of blackouts. People who stated they would sign the contract because of the financial reasons are less sensitive to the external control of electricity consumption. They are less inclined towards the status quo option. Poland’s energy policy focuses on energy efficiency, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This study may contribute to understanding the decisions of households and provide insights into the DSM option in Poland. |
| Keywords: | choice experiment, demand-side management, electricity, social norms, willingness to accept |
| JEL: | C25 D19 D91 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2020-25&r=all |
| By: | KUTSUZAWA Ryuji |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to estimate the influence on property prices of land use, including commercial, residential or other, earthquake hazard level and commuting distance to work, by employing the repeated sales method using transaction price data for apartments in Tokyo. In Japan, the influence of land use and commuting distance (accessibility) on property price is typically estimated using the hedonic method, but it is criticized that the estimation tends to be biased due to omitted variables. The time-changing effects of the land use and commuting distance could be estimated more appropriately using the repeated sales method which only analyzes multiple dealings of properties on the presumption of properly coping with the problems of sample selection bias. I adopted the repeated sales method with two-step Heckman's analysis to solve the problem of sample selection bias and estimate the time-changing effect of land use and commuting distance on the apartment prices and show that property price is positively influenced by increased commercial land use, reduction of earthquake hazard level and commuting distance index to business areas. Accessibility to the central business area (CBA), the influence of the land use changes and the reduction of earthquake hazard risk on economic activity should be analyzed further using the repeated sales method. |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:20028&r=all |
| By: | Muhammad Ridwan Andi Purnomo; Adhe Rizky Anugerah (UPR Forêts et Sociétés - Forêts et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, INTROP - Institute of Tropical Forestry & Forest Products - Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia); Bella Taradipa Dewipramesti |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This research aims to develop framework in the sustainable supply chain management (SCM) and to provide causal model of service industry specifically in higher education laboratory. Design/methodology/approach: The concepts of sustainable SCM in higher education laboratory were obtained by in-depth interviews and organized using Delphi method. While to identify the relationship between concepts, intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map was utilized. Findings: As many as 15 concepts were identified to assess sustainability in the higher education laboratory SCM. These 15 concepts were classified into four categories according to its importance level, and there are two most important concepts: legal requirement and social responsibility. It is recommended for higher education laboratories to constantly obey national and regional government regulations and to satisfy current and prospective employers by providing work-ready graduates. This suggestion is expected to make higher education achieving its sustainability goals. Originality/value: this research has identified factors that can help university laboratories achieve their sustainability by using combined methods. Greater and more accurate insight in determining the most important factor in the sustainable education can be identified. |
| Keywords: | causal model,intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map,laboratory,service supply chain,sustainable |
| Date: | 2020–07–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cirad-02907401&r=all |
| By: | Virginia Rossi (UCUR - Universidad de la República [Montevideo]); Veronica Filardo (UCUR - Universidad de la República [Montevideo]); Eduardo Chia (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | The resistance of family farmers facing agribusiness extension is reflected in unique economic, social and technical practices and strategies, which give them specific reproductive capacities. Our main hypothesis is that the action models behind the resistance of family farmers depend on the context of their situations, their projects and the values they associate with the farming profession and are historically located and collectively produced. We have developed a comprehensive approach and mobilized the concept of habitus to identify and study the practices and strategies of resistance. From economic, symbolic, educational and inheritance macro-practices (fields) we have identified three types of resistance: "Preserve the autonomy of the peasant family", "Transmitting the family legacy", "Staying in the social network". The habitus allows family farmers to build and maintain a "peasant" family logic and define the "profession" of the farmer. This last dimension remains to be further explored. |
| Abstract: | La résistance des agriculteurs familiaux à l'avancée de l'agriculture capitaliste se traduit par des pratiques et des stratégies économiques, sociales et techniques singulières, qui leur confèrent des capacités de reproduction spécifiques. Notre principale hypothèse est la suivante : les modèles d'action à l'origine de la résistance des agriculteurs familiaux dépendent du contexte, de leur situation, de leurs projets et des valeurs qu'ils associent au métier d'agriculteur. Ces modèles sont situés historiquement et fabriqués collectivement. Nous avons développé une approche « compréhensive » des éleveurs familiaux en Uruguay et mobilisé le concept d'habitus afin d'identifier et d'étudier leurs pratiques et stratégies de résistance. À partir des macro-pratiques économiques, symboliques, éducatives et successorales nous avons identifié trois types de résistance : « Rendre la famille autonome », « Transmettre le patrimoine familial » et « Rester dans le réseau territorial ». L'habitus permet aux éleveurs étudiés de fabriquer et de maintenir une logique familiale « paysanne » à la base de leur stratégie de résistance. |
| Keywords: | Social anthropology,Family farming,Livelihood,Peasant habitus,Anthropologie sociale,Agriculture familiale,Moyen de survie,Habitus paysan,Uruguay |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02878577&r=all |