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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒07‒13
25 papers chosen by |
| By: | Matthew T. Cole (Department of Economics, California Polytechnic State University); Jacqueline Doremus (Department of Economics, California Polytechnic State University); Stephen Hamilton (Department of Economics, California Polytechnic State University) |
| Abstract: | Eco-certification standards are increasingly used by industrial countries to impose import restrictions on goods produced by foreign suppliers. Import restrictions on eco-certified goods that prevent the trade of goods derived from unsustainable practices serve to segment global markets served by foreign producers into a conventional market and a certified market, altering market structure and equilibrium prices in a manner that potentially works against sustainability goals. In this paper, we examine the effect of forest certification on tropical timber production in Central Africa. Using panel data of timber production in Cameroon from 2003 to 2009, we show that conventional timber producers substantially increase harvest rates in response to eco-certification standards, and that this effect is strongest in less competitive timber markets. Moreover, we find eco-certification shifts production to forests with higher extraction costs and potentially higher marginal damages from timber extraction, exacerbating economic inefficiency. |
| Keywords: | forestry, trade, product differentiation, eco-label |
| JEL: | Q23 O13 L31 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpl:wpaper:1902&r=all |
| By: | Adrien LAGARDE; Luc Doyen; Joachim CLAUDET; Olivier THEBAUD |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the ecological-economic resilience of coral reef ecosystems under fishing and environmental pressures. To achieve this, a dynamic, spatially explicit, multi-species, multi-fleet model is developed. Stochastic environmental shocks are also assumed to alter coral cover and consequently the entire coral reef socio-ecosystem. The model is calibrated using available ecological, economic and environmental data for Moorea (French Polynesia). Four exploratory fishing strategies and a goal-seeking strategy entitled SMMSY (Stochastic Multi-Species Maximum Sustainable Yield) are compared in terms of ecological-economic outcomes and resilience. The SMMSY turns out to promote ecological-economic resilience. It is first characterized by a global increase in fishing effort pointing out the relative current under-exploitation of the fishery. Secondly, SMMSY balances the trophic level of catches after natural shocks occurencies and sustains the fundamental herbivores grazing process. Fishing SMMSY strategies are also more diversified in terms of temporality, gears, location and targets. In a context of high food dependency, multi-criteria strategies pursuing socio-economic objectives along with ecosystem approach seem really relevant for complex insular socio-ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | ecological-economics; biodiversity; ecosystems; scenarios; small-scale fisheries, sustainability, resilience, French Polynesia |
| JEL: | Q22 C53 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:bdxewp:2020-11&r=all |
| By: | Gilles Quentin Kane (Université de Yaoundé II); Gwladys Laure Mabah Tene (Université de Yaoundé II); Jean-Joël Ambagna (Université de Yaoundé II); Isabelle Piot-Lepetit (Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Fondo Sikod (Université de Yaoundé II) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to analyse the welfare effects of food price volatility on Cameroonian consumers. Using data from the third Cameroonian Household Consumption Surveys, the price elasticities are obtained from a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model. Price elasticities are then used to evaluate the distributional impacts of food price changes in terms of compensating variation. The paper finds that: (a) poor households are the most affected by food price volatility and (b) the welfare losses from food price volatility depend on the extent of any price hike. |
| Keywords: | consumer welfare,price volatility,cameroon |
| Date: | 2020–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02801351&r=all |
| By: | Finley, Theresa; Franck, Raphaël; Johnson, Noel |
| Abstract: | This study exploits the confiscation and auctioning off of Church property that occurred during the French Revolution to assess the role played by transaction costs in delaying the reallocation of property rights in the aftermath of fundamental institutional reform. French districts with a greater proportion of land redistributed during the Revolution experienced higher levels of agricultural productivity in 1841 and 1852 as well as more investment in irrigation and more efficient land use. We trace these increases in productivity to an increase in land inequality associated with the Revolutionary auction process. We also show how the benefits associated with the head-start given to districts with more Church land initially, and thus greater land redistribution by auction during the Revolution, dissipated over the course of the nineteenth century as other districts gradually overcame the transaction costs associated with reallocating the property rights associated with the feudal system. |
| Keywords: | Coase theorem; French Revolution; institutions; Property rights |
| JEL: | D47 N53 O43 P14 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:14522&r=all |
| By: | Duchoslav, Jan; Kenamu, Edwin; Gilbert, Rachel; Baulch, Bob; Palloni, Giordano; Gilligan, Daniel O. |
| Abstract: | Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change (BRACC) is a five year program whose main objective is to strengthen the resilience of poor and vulnerable households to withstand current and future weather and climate-related shocks and stresses in four districts in Southern Malawi: Balaka, Chikwawa, Mangochi and Phalombe. Resilience is operationalized as the ability of households to smooth consumption in response to shocks and stresses. This baseline report introduces the evaluation context and describes the BRACC program, details the evaluation design, summarizes main findings from the baseline household survey, and tests whether the randomizations successfully balanced baseline observable characteristics across the treatment arms. |
| Keywords: | MALAWI, SOUTHERN AFRICA, AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, AFRICA, resilience, climate change, climate-smart agriculture, data collection, surveys, households, food security, insurance, agricultural production, nutrition, poverty, quantitative analysis, weather index insurance, Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change (BRACC), impact evaluation, economic welfare, quantitative evaluation |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masspr:133763&r=all |
| By: | Garry A. Hidalgo; Gerald Glenn F. Panganiban; Victorino Aquitania; Erlinda C. Creencia; Arlene B. Arcillas; Glenn B. Gregorio; Rico C. Ancog |
| Abstract: | What policy interventions are necessary to promote urban agriculture (UA) as a way of life? The likes of COVID-19 pandemic do not just spur interest in implementing a household-level urban agriculture set-up, but it also clearly highlights an ongoing phenomenon where people would want to grow their own food, to have ensured access to enough safe and nutritious food, and to rediscover the joy of planting as a way of life. To institutionalize urban agriculture, the Local Government Units in the Philippines must take active leadership in mainstreaming urban agriculture, integrate in the formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), and Local Climate Change Adaptation Plan (LCCAP), and complement existing programs of the Philippine Department of Agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Philippines |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sag:seappr:2020:473&r=all |
| By: | Rico C. Ancog; Glenn B. Gregorio |
| Abstract: | How will the COVID-19 pandemic affect the agriculture sector in Southeast Asia? Clearly, any disruptions in the agricultural food systems would create supply and demand shocks that would redound to the agriculture sector's immediate and long-term economic performance and food security contribution. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to result in 3.11 percent reduction in aggregate volume of agricultural production (29.58 million tons) in Southeast Asia due to decline in agricultural farm labor affecting 100.77 million individuals. Overall, this could translate to 1.4 percent decrease in GDP (USD 3.76 billion) of the Southeast Asian region. Ensuring a systemic transformation of the agricultural systems into resilient, sustainable, productive, and inclusive food systems would be critical for the future of Southeast Asia. |
| Keywords: | COVID 19, Southeast Asia |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sag:seappr:2020:468&r=all |
| By: | Jules Gazeaud; Victor Stephane |
| Abstract: | Despite the popularity of public works programs in developing countries, there is virtually no evidence on the value of the infrastructure they generate. This paper attempts to start filling this gap in the context of the PSNP – a largescale program implemented in Ethiopia since 2005. Under the program, millions of beneficiaries received social transfers conditional on their participation in activities such as land improvements and soil and water conservation measures. We examine the value of these activities using a satellite-based indicator of agricultural productivity and difference-in-differences estimates. The result is a disappointing precise zero, meaning there is no discernible effect of the program on agricultural productivity. This contrasts with existing narratives and calls for a more attentive examination of the benefits typically attributed to public works. |
| Keywords: | Social protection, public works, cash transfers, Ethiopia, PSNP |
| JEL: | I38 O13 Q15 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unl:novafr:wp2003&r=all |
| By: | Kelvin Balcombe; Dylan Bradley; Iain Fraser |
| Abstract: | We report the findings from a hypothetical discrete choice experiment (DCE) examining UK consumer attitudes for food produced using agricultural production methods currently prohibited in the UK i.e., hormone implants in beef; Ractopamine in pig feed; chlorine washed chicken; and Atrazine pesticide. Our results reveal that on average the public have very negative values for these forms of agricultural production methods. We also find that respondents highly value food products that observe EU food safety standards. Our willingness to pay estimates show that the positive values for food safety are frequently greater than negative values placed on the food production methods examined. Similarly, UK country of origin was highly valued but organic production was not valued as highly. These results clearly indicate that the only attribute that is negatively valued across all DCE are the production methods that are currently not allowed within the EU or UK. |
| Keywords: | Discrete Choice Experiment; Willingness to Pay |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ukc:ukcedp:2004&r=all |
| By: | Sabrina Auci (University of Palermo, Department of Political Science and International Relations); Andrea Pronti (University of Ferrara, Department of Economics and Management) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to analyse how the farmer’s choice on adopting innovative and sustainable irrigation systems such as water conservation and saving technologies (WCSTs), induced also by the climatic variability, would shape the economic resilience of the Italian agricultural farms by improving land productivity. A proper water management would increase efficiency in the agricultural activities by improving the use of water endowments and rising agricultural economic performances to address a sustainable development. We used an endogenous switching regression model considering two sources of endogeneity: the selection indicator and a continuous endogenous explanatory variable. By applying the control function method, a correlated random effects probit model for the selection equation and a correlated random effects model for the outcome equation are estimated in a panel data context based on a detailed micro-level dataset of all the Italian farms. Our results confirm that adopting WCSTs increases land productivity of adopters significantly. |
| Keywords: | Water scarcity, Innovation, Micro irrigation, Sustainable agriculture, Italian farms |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1220&r=all |
| By: | Paz, Flor; Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio |
| Abstract: | The percentage of population suffering from overweight or obesity is increasing worldwide, both in developed and developing countries, and for all subpopulations of age and gender (although data on the incidence of those problems seem to differ somewhat across sources of estimates. This paper attempts to shed some light on a specific debate: the role of consumption of different types of packaged foods and soft drinks on obesity trends. The paper is organized as follows. First, there is a discussion of other studies on drivers of obesity that can help to better frame the analysis in this paper. Second, we present the data utilized and the econometric approach utilized. Third, we present the results. A final section concludes. |
| Keywords: | WORLD, obesity, food consumption, soft drinks, overweight, diet, processed foods, nutrient intake, econometric models, models, gender, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), package food |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:7&r=all |
| By: | Abate, Gashaw T.; de Brauw, Alan; Hirvonen, Kalle |
| Abstract: | In early June 2020, we called by telephone a representative sample of nearly 600 households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to assess income changes and household food and nutrition security status during the COVID-19 pandemic (survey period covering May). This was the second administration of a COVID-19 related survey to these households, following an initial survey conducted in early May 2020 covering the situation of the survey households in April. More than two-third of the households indicated in the second survey that their incomes were lower than expected (up from 58 percent in April) and 45 percent reported that they are extremely stressed about the situation (up from 35 percent in April). Using a pre-pandemic wealth index, we find that less-wealthy households were considerably more likely to report income losses and high stress levels than were wealthier households. Compared to a period just before the pandemic (January and February 2020), indicators measuring food security have significantly worsened but have remained the same since April. During the pandemic, households are less and less frequently consuming relatively more expensive but nutritionally richer foods, such as fruit and dairy products. However, overall food security status in Addis Ababa is not yet alarming, possibly because many households have been able to use their savings to buffer food consumption. As the pandemic is still in an early stage in Ethiopia, it is likely that these savings will not last throughout the pandemic, calling for a rapid scale-up of existing support programs. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; food security; nutrition; policies; employment; pandemics; knowledge; households; surveys; indicators; food consumption; health; urban areas; rural areas; physical distancing; Covid-19; social distancing |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:145&r=all |
| By: | Douadia Bougherara (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Laurent Piet (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | A growing number of studies in finance and economics seek to explain insurance choices using the assumptions advanced by behavioral economics. One recent example in agricultural economics is the use of cumulative prospect theory (CPT) to explain farmer choices regarding crop insurance coverage levels (Babcock, 2015). We build upon this framework by deriving willingness to pay (WTP) for insurance programs under alternative assumptions, thus extending the model to incorporate farmer decisions regarding whether or not to purchase insurance. Our contribution is twofold. First, we study the sensitivity of farmer WTP for crop insurance to the inclusion of CPT parameters. We find that loss aversion and probability distortion increase WTP for insurance while risk aversion decreases it. Probability distortion in losses plays a particularly important role. Second, we study the impact of yield distribution skewness on farmer WTP assuming CPT preferences. We find that WTP decreases when the distribution of yields moves from negatively- to positively-skewed and that the combined effect of probability weighting in losses and skewness has a large negative impact on farmer WTP for crop insurance. |
| Keywords: | Crop Insurance,Cumulative Prospect Theory,premium subsidy,skewness |
| Date: | 2020–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02790605&r=all |
| By: | Sandrine Brèteau-Amores; Mathieu Fortin; Pablo Andrés-Domenech; Nathalie Bréda |
| Abstract: | Extreme or recurrent drought event is the principal source of stress impairing forest health and it causes financial losses for forest owners and amenity losses for society. The major part of the forested area in the Grand-Est region (France) is dominated by beech, which is projected to decline in the future due to repeated drought events driven by climate change. Beech forests need to adapt and diversification is a management option to reduce drought-induced risk of dieback. For this purpose, we studied two types of diversification that we analysed separately and jointly: mixture of beech species with oak species and mixture of different tree diameter classes (i.e. uneven-aged forest), which is rarely considered as an adaptation strategy. We also considered two types of loss (financial, and in terms of carbon sequestration) under different recurrences of drought events, that are a consequence of climate change. We combined a forest growth simulator (MATHILDE) with a traditional forest economic approach through land expectation value (LEV). The maximisation of the LEV criteria made it possible to identify the best adaptation strategies in economic terms. We also developed the carbon approach considering three accounting methods (i.e. market value, shadow price and social cost of carbon). The results shows that diversification reduces the loss of total volume of wood due to drought-induced risk and increases LEV, but reduces carbon storage. The trade-offs between the financial balance and the carbon balance, and the underlying question of the additivity (or not) of the two adaptation strategies are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Drought; Adaptation; Climate change; Mixed forest; Economics; Carbon. |
| JEL: | D01 Q23 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2020-27&r=all |
| By: | Imelda L. Batangantang; Ma. Christina G. Corales; Rebeka A. Paller; Nikka Marie P. Billedo; Rico C. Ancog; Rodolfo V. Vicerra; Glenn B. Gregorio |
| Abstract: | The agriculture-based small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries are continuously affected by globalization. An agricultural cluster—organized either through horizontal and vertical linkages, is a strategic approach to operationalize the appropriate channels at a scale necessary for it to have enhanced competitive strength to connect with national and international markets. Analyzing selected case studies in Southeast Asia, this policy paper demonstrates several models of cluster farming and how it is being implemented on the ground. |
| Keywords: | Southeast Asia |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sag:seappr:2020:471&r=all |
| By: | Ilaria Brunetti (MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle); Mabel Tidball (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Denis Couvet (MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle) |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. In this work we model the interdependent relationship between biodiversity and agriculture on a farmed land, supposing that, while agriculture has a negative impact on biodiversity, the latter can increase agricultural production. Farmers act as myopic agents, who maximize their instantaneous profit without considering the negative effects of their practice on the evolution of biodiversity. We find that a tax on inputs can have a positive effect on yield since it can be considered as a social signal helping farmers to avoid myopic behavior in regards to the positive effect of biodiversity on yield. We also prove that, by increasing biodiversity productivity the level of biodiversity at equilibrium decreases, since when biodiversity is more productive farmers can maintain lower biodiversity to get the same yield |
| Date: | 2020–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02791015&r=all |
| By: | Foued Cheriet (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques, Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Current academic research strongly suggests adapting models of analysis of entrepreneurial innovations to the specificity of African contexts. The purpose of this short note is to explore through an up-dated literature review of academic research and empirical applications, the question of entrepreneurial innovations in African. By extension, we will examine some possible links with agricultural challenges and future food issues. |
| Abstract: | Les recherches actuelles plaident pour une adaptation des modèles d'analyse des innovations entrepreneuriales à la spécificité des contextes africains. L'objet de cette note courte est d'explorer à travers une revue de littérature actualisée des recherches académiques et des applications empiriques, la question des innovations entrepreneuriales dans le contexte africain Nous examinerons par extension certains liens possibles avec les défis agricoles et les enjeux alimentaires futurs du continent. |
| Date: | 2020–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02790015&r=all |
| By: | Luisa Corrado (Tor Vergata University, Italy); Andrea Fazio (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy); Alessandra Pelloni (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy; Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis) |
| Abstract: | We investigate some motivations of recycling, using Italian survey data. We find that people declaring an interest in environmental issues or belonging to an environmental association are more likely to recycle. This suggests that the motivations for behaving pro-environmentally have an expressive and non-instrumental motivation. However, we also find that if people perceive to live in a deteriorated environment, they are less likely to recycle. We discuss possible explanations for this finding. |
| Keywords: | Pro-Environmental Behavior, Intrinsic Motivation, Recycling, Environmental Degradation |
| JEL: | Q57 Q53 R11 D91 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rim:rimwps:20-21&r=all |
| By: | Raouf Boucekkine (AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Aude Pommeret (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Fabien Prieur (LAMETA - Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM3 - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques, UM1 - Université Montpellier 1) |
| Keywords: | ecological irreversibility,Environmental Kuznets Curve,Multi-stage optimal control,Courbes de Kuznets,Technology adoption |
| Date: | 2020–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02804858&r=all |
| By: | Merrill, Nathaniel; Piscopo, Amy; Balogh, Stephen; Furey, Ryan; Mulvaney, Kate K. |
| Abstract: | Policies and regulations designed to address nutrient pollution in coastal waters are often complicated by delays in environmental and social systems. For example, social and political inertia may delay implementation of cleanup projects, and even after the best nutrient pollution management practices are developed and implemented, long groundwater travel times may delay the impact of inland or upstream interventions. These delays and the varying costs of nutrient removal alternatives used to meet water quality goals combine to create a complex dynamic decision problem with trade-offs about when, where, and how to intervene in the system. We use multi-objective optimization to quantify the trade-offs between costs and minimizing the time to meet in-bay nutrient reduction goals, represented as a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). We calculate the impact of using in-bay (in-situ) nutrient removal through shellfish aquaculture. We apply these methods to the Three Bays Watershed in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The avoided costs equate to an average value of 37¢ (2035 target date) and 11¢ (2060 target date) per animal harvested over the plan implementation period, depending on the year target for TMDL achievement. Our results encourage the consideration of alternative and in-situ approaches to tackle coastal pollution while traditional source control is implemented and its effects realized over time. |
| Date: | 2020–05–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:rb8wq&r=all |
| By: | Antonio Bento; Noah S. Miller; Mehreen Mookerjee; Edson R. Severnini |
| Abstract: | We develop a unifying approach to estimating climate impacts and adaptation, and apply it to study the impact of climate change on local air pollution. Economic agents are usually constrained when responding to daily weather shocks, but may adjust to long-run climatic changes. By exploiting simultaneously variation in weather and climatic changes, we identify both the short- and long-run impacts on economic outcomes, and measure adaptation directly as the difference between those responses. As a result, we identify adaptation without making extrapolations of weather responses over time or space, and overcome prior studies' biases in the estimates of climate adaptation. |
| JEL: | C51 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27247&r=all |
| By: | Sarah Nakabo-Ssewanyana (Makerere University) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:130&r=all |
| By: | Abate, Gashaw T.; Dereje, Mekdim; Hirvonen, Kalle; Minten, Bart |
| Abstract: | Geography has been shown to be an important determinant of economic development. Remote areas tend to be poorer due to higher transaction costs for trade or inhospitable environments. In this study, we show that remote areas in rural Ethiopia are also disadvantaged in their access to public service delivery. Relying on large household surveys, we assessed the association between exposure to agriculture and health extension and two measures of remoteness: (1) the distance of service centers to district capitals; and (2) the distance of households to service centers (i.e., the last mile). We found that villages located farther away from district capitals were less likely to receive agricultural extension services than other villages. In contrast, exposure to health extension services did not vary across more and less connected villages. This difference between the two sectors could be due to the fact that more remote villages tend to have fewer agriculture extension workers who also put in fewer hours into their work than their peers. We did not find similar evidence in the health sector. Finally, for both sectors, we found that the last mile matters: more remote households within villages were less likely to receive both types of extension services. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; health; public services; geography; rural areas; trade barriers; health services; agricultural extension; remote areas; public service delivery |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:essprn:74&r=all |
| By: | Carmen Camacho (PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PSE - La plante et son environnement - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Alexandre Cornet (UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | There exists a pressing need to analyze the impact of agriculture on soil fertility. This paper develops a spatial growth model for an agricultural economy, in which pollution diffuses across space. In order to produce, the economy needs fertile soil, naturally bounded by the amount of available land. When regions have not yet reached their maximal soil fertility, they can locally invest in abatement in order to reduce soil pollution. Once a location reaches this maximum of fertile land, the economy is split in two: a fertile region and a polluted region. We analytically show how the polluted region can either stagnate at low levels of fertility, or catch up with the fertile region. Our results are numerically illustrated, including the resiliency of the economy to recover from pollution shocks. |
| Keywords: | Spatial dynamics,Ramsey model,Soil Pollution,Partial differential equations,Dynamic programming,Optimal Control |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-02652191&r=all |
| By: | Stephan Marette (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Anne-Célia Disdier (PSE - Paris School of Economics, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); John Beghin (Yeutter Institute of International Trade and Finance, University of Nebraska [Lincoln] - University of Nebraska System) |
| Abstract: | We compare consumers' attitude towards and willingness to pay (WTP) for gene-edited (GE) apples in Europe and the US. Using virtual choices in a lab and different technology messages, we estimate WTP of 162 French and 166 US consumers for new apples, which do not brown upon being sliced or cut. Messages center on (i) the social and private benefits of having the new apples, and (ii) possible technologies leading to this new benefit (conventional hybrids, GE, and genetically modified (GMO)). French consumers do not value the innovation and actually discount it when it is generated via biotechnology. US consumers do value the innovation as long as it is not generated by biotechnology. In both countries, the steepest discount is for GMO apples, followed by GE apples. Furthermore, the discounting occurs through "boycott" consumers who dislike biotechnology. However, the discounting is weaker for US consumers compared to French consumers. Favorable attitudes towards sciences and new technology totally offset the discounting of GE apples. |
| Keywords: | Gene editing,genetically modified organisms,hybrids,consumer information,experimental economics,willingness to pay |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-02872222&r=all |