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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2019‒12‒23
sixty-nine papers chosen by |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Murad, Wahid; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Climate change is proven to have had impacted the agricultural productivity, crop choice, and food security everywhere in the world. The nature, scale, frequency, and outcome of such impact differ significantly among countries, regions and areas within a country. This study is an effort to empirically investigate theses issues for Malaysia using both primary and secondary data collected from and relevant to the Integrated Agriculture Development Areas in the Northwest Selangor. The results reveal that climate change phenomenon such as natural disaster, drought, flood, pest attack, plant disease, and changing the time of crop cycle have adversely been impacting Malaysian agriculture and its productivity as well as profitability. Despite continuous increases of government subsidy as well as permission only for paddy production, the paddy planting area is decreasing as the agricultural farmers often experience adverse impacts of climatic variation. So, climate change phenomenon is also depressingly impacting the state of food security among the farmers. As climate change is universal and its existence is indefinite, the farmers need to adapt to and find ways to mitigate the damages of climatic variation in order for them to sustain agricultural productivity and attain food security |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mdqpz&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid; Talib, Basri; Bin Osman Salleh, Khairulmaini |
| Abstract: | Climate change has mixed impacts on agriculture and the impacts are different in terms of areas, periods and crops. The changing factors of climate have been exerting strong negative impacts on Malaysian agriculture, which is apprehended to result in shortages of water and other resources for long term, worsening soil condition, disease and pest outbreaks on crops and livestock, sea-level rise, and so on. Due to climate change, agricultural productivity and profitability is declining. Despite continuous increases of government subsidy, area of paddy plantation is decreasing and the adaption practices are ineffective. As climate change is universal and its existence is indefinite, the farmers need to adapt to and find ways to mitigate the damages of climatic variation in order to sustain agricultural productivity and attain food security for the |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m5usz&r=all |
| By: | Ujjayant Chakravorty (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marie-Hélène Hubert (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Beyza Ural Marchand (Department of Economics - University of Alberta) |
| Abstract: | More than 40% of US grain is used for energy due to the Renewable Fuel Mandate (RFS). There are no studies of the global distributional consequences of this purely domestic policy. Using micro-level survey data, we trace the effect of the RFS on world food prices and their impact on household level consumption and wage incomes in India. We first develop a partial equilibrium model to estimate the effect of the RFS on the price of selected food commodities-rice, wheat, corn, sugar, and meat and dairy, which together provide almost 70% of Indian food calories. Our model predicts that world prices for these commodities rise by 8-16% due to the RFS. We estimate the price pass-through to domestic Indian prices and the effect of the price shock on household welfare through consumption and wage incomes. Poor rural households suffer significant welfare losses due to higher prices of consumption goods, which are regressive. However, they benefit from a rise in wage incomes, mainly because most of them are employed in agriculture. Urban households also bear the higher cost of food, but do not see a concomitant rise in wages because only a small fraction of them work in food-related industries. Welfare losses are greater among urban households. However, more poor people in India live in villages, so rural poverty impacts are larger in magnitude. We estimate that the mandate leads to about 25 million new poor: 21 million in rural and 4 million in the urban population. |
| Keywords: | household welfare,Biofuels,distributional effects,renewable fuel standard,poverty |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02315553&r=all |
| By: | Saule Burkitbayeva; Emma Janssen; Jo Swinnen |
| Abstract: | The adoption of modern technologies in agriculture is crucial for improving the productivity and welfare of poor farmers in developing countries. Not much is known about how value chains do (not) affect technology transfer and/or adoption in domestic food chains in developing countries. Our paper analyzes farm-level technology adoption in the dairy chain in Punjab, India, combining quantitative panel data from representative surveys in 2008 and 2015 with data from targeted interviews with emerging modern dairy farms. Between 2008 and 2015 there were important increases in technology adoption in the form of better hygienic practices, better feed and improved livestock among traditional dairy farms. Especially those farms which lagged behind in 2008 improved their technology. However, the role of vertical coordination in value chains in stimulating technology adoption among these traditional dairy farmers seems to be minor. In contrast, we document the emergence of a group of dynamic modern dairy farms which are much larger, only use modern technology, and are fully integrated in vertically coordinated value chains which support these modern farms' management and investments. |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:licosp:634342&r=all |
| By: | Maria Garrone; Jo Swinnen |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates firm-level mark-ups and their volatility along the agri-food value chain using the methodology of De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). We estimate mark-ups of farmers, processors, wholesalers and retailers, how they change over time, and their volatility. We use detailed micro-level data from companies from Italy and France for the period 2006-2014. We find that farmers have a significantly higher volatility of mark-ups than other agents in the agri-food value chain, such as food processors, wholesalers and retailers. The volatility is negatively related with firm size in all sectors, and especially in agriculture. |
| Date: | 2018–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:licosp:626586&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | The agriculture of Malaysia is one of the most vulnerable sectors due to the rapid changes in climatic factors in Malaysia. In order to face and manage the situation, farmers are trying in various ways and government and other external agencies are providing several supports to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. Still, there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability and adverse impacts of climatic change. Here, sustainability of agriculture and relevant livelihood is strongly dependent on the external supports, and farmers also expect to increase this level. Now, the focus on farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to go beyond the incentive and subsidy. They also need trainings, conceptual supports, and technological innovations. This study finds out the required supports that farmers need to adapt to climate change through a questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. The data of the study has been analyzed by descriptive statistics, ordered regression, percentile, and scale analysis. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m3dgn&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid; Talib, Basri; Bin Osman Salleh, Khairulmaini |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and uncertainty. In order to face and manage the situation, farmers are trying in various ways and government and other external agencies are providing several supports to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. However, there is still a gap between farmers’ adaptability and climate change. This study analyses paddy farmers’ perception of climatic variations and vulnerabilities and relevant supports and techniques to adapt to the situation. The data were collected through questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. This study uses descriptive statistics, ordinal regression, percentile, and scale analysis. The study finds that most farmers do not have a clear perception of the climatic changes and vulnerabilities. Farmers’ adaptation practices to climatic vulnerability are mostly based on their common sense responses. It suggests that farmers need necessary training and support from the government and international agencies to enable them to effectively adapt to the climatic vulnerability and avert any adverse effect on their socioeconomic sustainability and national food security. Farmers’ expectations of several new supports has no statistically significant influences on their current adaptability with climatic changes, but their priority ranking for these expected supports will help policymakers to determine future support for climatic change adaptation for agriculture sustainability and livelihood sustainability under adverse climatic change scenarios, especially for Malaysia. |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:atw5m&r=all |
| By: | Lanz, Bruno; Dietz, Simon; Swanson, Timothy |
| Abstract: | We study how stochasticity in the evolution of agricultural productivity interacts with economic and population growth at the global level. We use a two-sector Schumpeterian model of growth, in which a manufacturing sector produces the traditional consumption good and an agricultural sector produces food to sustain contemporaneous population. Agriculture demands land as an input, itself treated as a scarce form of capital. In our model both population and sectoral technological progress are endogenously determined, and key technological parameters of the model are structurally estimated using 1960-2010 data on world GDP, population, cropland and technological progress. Introducing random shocks to the evolution of total factor productivity in agriculture, we show that uncertainty optimally requires more land to be converted into agricultural use as a hedge against production shortages, and that it significantly affects both optimal consumption and population trajectories. |
| Keywords: | agricultural productivity; economic growth; endogenous innovations; environmental constraints; food security; global population; land conversion; stochastic control |
| JEL: | C61 J11 O11 O13 O31 Q16 Q24 |
| Date: | 2018–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:85638&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | Climate Projection shows the impacts of climate change on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability is vulnerable in Malaysia. Here mitigation is necessary but adapting to future risk is more important for immediate and long term action relating to the larger number of stakeholders in local scale. Generally adaptation policy has different levels and approaches that related with different challenges. Several countries have already prepared their adaptation approaches in their own way. Malaysia is on the way to develop its adaptation policy for last couple of years. This paper focuses on few guidelines that need to examine carefully while determining the climatic change adaptation approach for agricultural sector in Malaysia. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3snja&r=all |
| By: | Yoko Kijima (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Although rice has been a prominent cash crop in areas with access to lowland in Uganda, the adoption of rice and area expansion have stagnated despite the Government of Uganda's 2009 National Rice Development Policy and its commitment to doubling rice production over 10 years. Using panel data collected in 2010 and 2017 as well as risk preference data elicited via lab-in-the-field experiments conducted in rural Uganda, we find that farmers with higher loss aversion are less likely to grow rice and expand their rice cultivation areas. This study affirms that risk preferences play a critical role in agricultural production decisions. |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:19-26&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Talib, Basri; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors in Malaysia have been changing very rapidly affecting agricultural productivity and farmers’ sustainable livelihood. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and uncertainty. In order to face and manage the situation farmers are trying in various ways to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. This study analyses paddy farmers’ perception of climatic variations and vulnerabilities and focuses on the techniques they use to adapt to the situation. It uses primary data collected through a questionnaire survey on the paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor in Malaysia. Through a descriptive analysis of the data, the study finds that most farmers do not have a clear perception of the climatic changes and vulnerabilities. Farmers’ adaptation practices to the climatic vulnerability are mostly based on their common sense responses. It suggests that farmers need necessary training and support from the government and international agencies to make them able to effectively adapt to the climatic vulnerability and avert any adverse effect on their socioeconomic sustainability and national food security. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3jmcv&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan; Siwar, Chamhuri; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Talib, Basri |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several kinds of supports, but yet the adaptability is not that high. Approach: To analyze the climate change adaptability of the farmers in Malaysia, this study uses primary data that have been collected through questionnaire survey on paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. Data have been analyzed by using descriptive statistics and ordered regression. Results: Most farmers believe that buying additional fertilizer from market is not important for their current adaptation capability with climate change. As a consequence, 75.3% of the farmers never used extra fertilizer beyond the fully subsidized quantity. But, 41.4% farmers agree that government’s supports are not enough to adequately cope with climate change. Conclusion/ Recommendations: It is found that sustainability of agriculture and farmers’ livelihood are strongly dependent on the external supports. Therefore, farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to be addressed through steps beyond the incentives and subsidies. Farmers need training and motivational supports for the necessary adaption. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8qekf&r=all |
| By: | Julia Jouan; Julia Heinrichs; Wolfgang Britz; Christoph Pahmeyer |
| Abstract: | Legumes can limit the impact of agricultural systems on the environment by limiting N fertilization, diversifying crop rotation and substituting imported protein-rich feed. However, their production remains low in the European Union, which led to specific policies. France established Voluntary Coupled Support scheme for legumes. Germany did not introduce a coupled support, but provides more favorable implementation of the Nitrates Directive for legumes by allowing spreading manure on these crops. Our study assesses economic and environmental impacts of the coupled support and measures of the Nitrates Directive affecting legume production in France and Germany. We employ the bio-economic model FarmDyn, parameterized for a typical dairy farm in France and Germany. Legumes are introduced as cash crops and on-farm feed, highlighting interactions between crop and animal productions. Different levels of coupled support per hectare were analyzed and the French versus the German implementation of the Nitrates Directive were compared. Results suggest that voluntary coupled support leads to an increase in legume production but to a lesser extend in the German farm than in the French farm, due to higher opportunity costs of legumes. In both farms, the increase in legume production leads to limited environmental benefits: nitrogen leaching and global warming potential slightly decrease. In the French farm, the German implementation of the Nitrates Directive fosters legume production. Thus, this study shows that allowing manure spreading on legumes can help reaching high legume production in livestock farms. However, this further increase in legume production does not lead to environmental benefits. Thus, allowing manure spreading on legumes to increase their production should be justified by other goals such as improving the protein self-sufficiency of the farm. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubfred:298428&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Murad, Wahid; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Agricultural contribution to GDP in Malaysia has been declining since 1970. The usages of agricultural land are also gradually decreasing. Even within the total agricultural area, most of the land has been used for industrial crops, and the ratio between industrial crops and food crops is increasing. Paddy is the main food crop in Malaysia, but as a low rate of productivity, farmers are engaged on part time basis. Therefore, it seems necessary to know the socioeconomic characteristics of the paddy farmers, their livelihood, and agricultural sustainability for policy implementation and its evaluation. This study analyzes the current profile of the paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), NorthWest Selangor, Malaysia based on primary data. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey. Findings of the study suggest policy recommendations and action plans for the improvement of the farmers’ livelihood. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:anmwj&r=all |
| By: | Hossain, Istiaque; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh is one of the largest and richest floodplain lands in the world. There are 3 million hectares of medium and deep flooded areas. In the dry season these land are used for rice production, but these lands remain unutilized or underutilized for a long period because of flooding. Recently, rice and fish culture is practiced in dry and flooding season under community based fisheries management (CBFM) in Kalmina Beel, Fulbaria, Mymensingh and Angrar Beel, Pirganj, Rangpur areas as case studies. Assessment of the challenges and problems of these beels will help to implement it in other floodplain areas of Bangladesh that will help utilize land and waterbodies with a good source of food, employment and better income source for poor people. To understand the challenges of implementation of CBFM, this study was conducted on Beel Mail at Rajshahi in Bangladesh as a case study. This study conducted focus group discussion among the CBFM stakeholders. It was revealed that lack of skills, education, technological knowledge, and conflict among the stakeholders are the main internal constraints. Lack of coordination among the government agencies, improper facilities for marketing, infrastructure, and financial services, and environmental externalities were identified as major external constraints of successful implementation of CBFM. Some policy recommendations for the successful implementation of the CBFM have been formulated |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sxp67&r=all |
| By: | Hossai, Istiaque; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Dey, Madan Mohan |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh is the largest floodplain land of the world, which constitutes 80% land areas and 73% of households of the country. In the floodplain beel area, there are three types of fishermen – part-time, full-time, and subsistence – who mostly depend on the fishing in the monsoon time. However, due to environmental degradation and over exploitation of resources the fish production in these beels has dropped down significantly. Therefore, to ensure the efficient ways of harvesting and to ensure the socioeconomic welfare of the fishermen, understanding the nature and efficiency of available gears is very important. To measure the productivity of locally used gears this study collected primary data from the beel Sholiamary and beel Gheramary areas from Mymensingh Sadar in Bangladesh through a questionnaire survey based on simple stratified random sampling method. The data were analyzed though descriptive statistics, percentile analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-test, Post Hoc (Scheffe) test, and Pearson’s correlation test. The statistical tests were measured at 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels. This study concluded that the physical productivity in terms of daily catches and economic productivity in terms of income from fishing differed significantly among the available gears—five fishing nets, one fishing trap and two wounding gears. The highest number of used gears was wounding, and the lowest one was seine-net. The highest fishing effort and fishing duration were recorded for bair, and lowest fishing effort was for seine-net and lowest fishing duration was for push-net. However based on catch per unit of effort the seine-net was found the most productive gear and the bair was the least productive gear. In terms of monetary return (TK), gill-net and long-line provided the highest value and bair the lowest. |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:58t4m&r=all |
| By: | Tadashi Matsumoto; Dorothée Allain-Dupré; Jonathan Crook; Alexis Robert |
| Abstract: | Following the historic 2015 Paris Agreement aiming to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100, 165 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, representing 192 countries, have been submitted. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) detail each Party’s efforts to reduce domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. This paper, recognising the role of cities and regions in implementing the Paris Agreement, highlights the need for an integrated approach in implementing NDCs and long-term low GHG emission development strategies (LT-LEDS) and attempts to present key policy options for such an approach. First, the paper identifies the national and subnational co-ordination mechanisms in current NDCs, LT-LEDS and other subnational climate strategies and argues that the current processes of developing and implementing NDCs and LT-LEDS provide a unique opportunity for national governments to integrate innovative subnational climate action. The paper then assesses the potential for co-ordination of national, regional and local climate mitigation investment through the lens of the OECD Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government adopted in 2014. |
| Keywords: | cities, climate change, infrastructure, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS), mitigation, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Paris Agreement, public investment |
| JEL: | H54 Q01 Q54 Q56 R11 R58 |
| Date: | 2019–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaab:2019/13-en&r=all |
| By: | Heinrich, Florian; Appel, Franziska; Balmann, Alfons |
| Abstract: | After land prices in Germany increased continuously since 2006, policy makers, representatives of farmers’ unions, NGOs, and farmers started and continued to discuss or propose new land market regulations to stop price increases and to protect particularly smaller farmers. In this paper we analyze different types of regulations for the land rental market with the agent-based model AgriPoliS. Our simulation results show that price and farm size limitations may inhibit rental priceincreases and reduce structural change. The regulations do however not lead to a conservation in the number of small farms; neither do they have a substantial positive impact on their profitabilityand competitiveness. Many small farms still exit agricultural production and only few are able to grow into a larger size class. Beyond redistributional costs, e.g. beared by landowners, economic and social costs result from reduced average economic land rents, less regional value-added and less employment caused by a reduced functionality of the land market and biased incentives. |
| Keywords: | structural change,land market,land market regulation,agent-based modeling |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 C63 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:208388&r=all |
| By: | Hossain, Istiaque; Siwar, Chamhuri; Bin Mokhta, Mazlin; Dey, Madan Mohan; Jaafar, Abd. Hamid; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Context: Water productivity is considered as an important indicator of Agriculture productivity because of the scarcity of freshwater. More yield or output against same or less amount of water has become the global interest. Objectives: This study measures the productivity of water on the floodplain land in terms of Boro rice cultivation for two floodplain beels in Rajshahi Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: For this study, the production and market price data were collected by direct observation based on 30 samples in the year 2006-07. Results: This study found gross water productivity of rice yield as 0.47 kg m-3 in beel Mail and 0.43 kg m-3 in beel Chandpur. In monetary value, water productivity per cubic meter irrigation water were TK 5.65, TK 3.42 and TK 2.64 based on gross return, net return considering cash costs and net return considering full costs in beel Mail. In beel Chandpur these values were TK 5.19 m-3, TK 2.87 m-3 and TK 2.14 m-3, respectively. The usage of average irrigated water in the boro rice farms were estimated 10730.05 m-3 and 11236 m-3 with an average production of yield 4992.95 kg and 4783.20 kg in beel Mail and beel Chandpur. Statistical result shows that keeping irrigation water constant, a 1% increase of boro rice yield will increase water productivity at 0.916% in beel Mail and 0.972% in beel Chandpur. The water productivity in beel Mail was 4.65% higher than beel Chandpur due to the intervention of community based fish culture management. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help to govern and improve production by proper utilizing floodplain lands |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:tm9na&r=all |
| By: | Ruml, Anette; Qaim, Matin |
| Abstract: | Contract farming recently gained in importance in many developing countries. Various studies analyzed effects of contracting on productivity and income in the small farm sector. A few studies also looked at effects on agricultural labor use, suggesting that contracting tends to increase labor intensity, thus generating additional farm employment. An increase in the use of farm labor is plausible when contracting involves additional work in production, harvesting, and post-harvest handling. However, we argue that the opposite may also be true, namely when contracting involves labor-saving procedures and technologies. We use primary data from the oil palm sector in Ghana and show that farmers with a contract use significantly less labor per unit of land than farmers without a contract. We also analyze whose labor input is reduced. Household labor is reduced more than hired labor. Especially male household members reallocate time to off-farm employment. Contracts also reduce the likelihood of using child labor in farm production. This is the first study to show that contract farming reduces agricultural labor use in certain situations. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gagfdp:298450&r=all |
| By: | Amani Elobeid (EEUU. Department of Economics, Iowa State University); Miguel Carriquiry (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); David Swenson (EEUU. Department of Economics, Iowa State University); Dermot Hayes (EEUU.Department of Economics, Iowa State University) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of retaliatory tariffs imposed on U.S. pork, soybeans, corn and wheat by China and on U.S. pork by Mexico on select U.S. agricultural commodities. Results show a decline in U.S. exports by 32% for pork and corn, 15% for soybeans, and 1.5% for wheat relative to the baseline. Domestic pork prices fall by 12% while crop prices decrease by between 8% and 12%. In the long run, the decline in U.S. production leads to 60,000 fewer jobs and $3.1 billion less labor income. The economy experiences a loss of almost $12 billion in national output. |
| Keywords: | agricultural markets, retaliatory tariffs, trade war China-U.S.A |
| JEL: | F14 F17 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-22-19&r=all |
| By: | Garnadi, Agah D.; Lealdi, Dedi; Nurdiati, Sri; Sopaheluwakan, Ardhasena |
| Abstract: | Rainfall is an element of climate which is highly influential to the agricultural sector. Rain pattern and distribution highly determines the sustainability of agricultural activities. Therefore, information on rainfall is very useful for agriculture sector and farmers in anticipating the possibility of extreme events which often cause failures of agricultural production. This research aims to identify the biases from seasonal forecast products from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) rainfall forecast and to build a transfer function in order to correct the distribution biases as a new prediction model using quantile mapping approach. We apply this approach to the case of Bali Island, and as a result, the use of bias correction methods in correcting systematic biases from the model gives better results. The new prediction model obtained with this approach is better than ever. We found generally that during rainy season, the bias correction approach performs better than in dry season. |
| Date: | 2018–01–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:n3g2k&r=all |
| By: | Chukwuone, Nnaemeka Andegbe; Amaechina, Ebele C. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295878&r=all |
| By: | Aigul Yerseitova (M. Kh. Dulati Taraz State University); Sara Issakova (M. Kh. Dulati Taraz State University); Leila Jakisheva (M. Kh. Dulati Taraz State University); Almarа Nauryzbekova (M. Kh. Dulati Taraz State University); Altynay Moldasheva (M. Kh. Dulati Taraz State University) |
| Abstract: | The paper evaluates the use efficiency of agricultural land in the Republic of Kazakhstan using physical and relative measures, as well as a consolidated criterion defined as the volume of gross output of crops per 100 ha of agricultural land. The assessment of agricultural land use was conducted in the period between 2012 and 2016, after which the acquired results were benchmarked against the results of 1990. That year was set as a reference point since it gives an indication of the Republic's achievements in agriculture while it was still part of the USSR. The undertaken analysis has shown that between 2012 and 2016, most agricultural land use metrics tended to have a positive dynamic. Despite that, the country has never regained the agricultural performance level it had back in 1990. The agricultural land use score according to the consolidated criterion has also demonstrated an insufficient land use performance compared to Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The approved ABI Growth Government Program for 2017-2021 outlines efforts aimed at the efficient utilization of the country's land resources, helping boost the output of domestic products. |
| Keywords: | land,agricultural land,efficiency metrics for land resources use,cropland,crop yield,gross yield of plant and livestock products,efficiency,performance |
| Date: | 2018–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02342892&r=all |
| By: | Kankwamba, Henry; Kornher, Lukas |
| Abstract: | Ending extreme hunger requires the interaction of both household and community level infrastructural investments. When communities and households are capital infrastructure constrained, the effects of extreme events such as droughts can fetter consumption growth and food security. This paper, assesses the impact of seasonal weather shocks on food security conditional on access to public physical infrastructure. The study uses fixed effects regression techniques on representative Malawian panel data collected between 2010 and 2016. The study uses three key indicators of food security namely food consumption expenditure shares, the Berry Index of dietary variety, and the Shannon Entropy Index. To measure idiosyncratic and covariate shocks, self-reported survey data and high-resolution station based standardized precipitation – evapotranspiration index were used. To measure infrastructure, survey data, triangulated with remote sensed night time lights, were used to construct an infrastructure index in a logistic regression framework. Results show that assuming minimal infrastructure a standard deviation deficit in the one to three-month interval drought reduces consumption by 26%. Assuming normal historical weather conditions, infrastructure improves economic access to food by 15%. Thus, conditional on infrastructure, the impacts of extreme weather events on food security are reduced by 54%. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:298452&r=all |
| By: | Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia; Mwongera, Caroline |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295685&r=all |
| By: | Adewumi, M.O.; Akinsola, G.O.; Tomori, R. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295765&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan; Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri |
| Abstract: | The decision of crop selection and the output of agricultural production are highly determined by the environmental factors, especially rainfall and water availability. In the tropical area, particularly in Malaysia, influences of these exogenous variables are so high that overall agricultural productions are now vulnerable. Crops are affected through rainfall in two different ways-high and low rainfalls. Avoiding the problem of low rainfall is nearly possible through irrigation, but over rainfall at the end of crop cycle causes destructive damages of the output. Approach: This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the fact and uses unit root test to measure the predictability of rainfall. The raw data is taken from 8 stations from 1980 to 2007. Results: Shifting crop cycle is also not fruitful due to un-predictive changes of rainfall. All combination of crop cycle is also affected in a similar way. Government subsidy in agricultural sector is remarkably increasing, but farmers are not able to cope properly with the environmental changes, especially for the cash crops and seasonal crops production. Conclusion: Under this circumstance, in the short run, adaptation approaches should be followed in farmer level and policy level. In the long run, technological advancement will play the most crucial role to solve the problem. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yd78t&r=all |
| By: | Ogoudedji, Sylvie A.; Egyir, Irene S. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295911&r=all |
| By: | Barbe, Martin |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296834&r=all |
| By: | Hossain, Istiaque; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Alam, M.; Kamal, B. M. M.; Galib, Shams Muhammad |
| Abstract: | The study measures the relationship between physicochemical variables with the cell density of phytoplankton in different stages of pond – nursery ponds, grow out ponds and brood stock ponds. The study was conducted on nine fish ponds as three from each category of pond at Natore Government Fish Farm in Bangladesh, during the months of January to June in 2012. The observed physicochemical variables– water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia-nitrogen, total alkalinity and total hardness – were found within the standard ranges. Four groups of phytoplankton– Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae– werefound among the ponds where Euglenophyceae was recorded highest number almost in all ponds over the study period. Total abundance of different groups of phytoplankton was recorded as mean (±SD) cell density (cell/l) 62.77±2.16×104, 47.22±0.69×104, and 77.12±3.42×104 in nursery pond, grow out pond and brood stock pond, respectively. Overall phytoplankton was found better in brood stock pond than others. Total phytoplankton density has been exhibited significantly positive correlation with DO and inverse relation with water temperature, pH, ammonia-nitrogen and total alkalinity in case of nursery pond. In case of grow out pond, total phytoplankton density has been exhibited significantly positive correlation with temperature and transparency, and significantly negative correlation with others physicochemical characteristics. In case of brood stock pond, total phytoplankton density has no significant relationship with any physicochemical variables of water. |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:u9yvk&r=all |
| By: | Chamberlin, Jordan; Jayne, T.S. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295724&r=all |
| By: | Steinhubel, Linda; Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan von |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295908&r=all |
| By: | Mbiakop, William Djamfa; Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295856&r=all |
| By: | Dedehouanou, Senakpon F.A.; Fiamohe, Edwige R. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295726&r=all |
| By: | Muthini, Davis; Nzuma, Jonathan; Qaim, Matin |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295862&r=all |
| By: | Yoko Kijima (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Since 2008, JICA has made great efforts toward doubling rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa in 10 years. This study explains JICA's approach and projects and reviews the research findings on JICA's rice training projects. The trainings on rice cultivation practices increased the rice production of the training participants, not only in the short term but also in the long term. The training benefits seem to spill over to the neighbors within the same irrigation scheme. When introducing upland rice to areas where rice was not grown, selecting areas suitable for rice cultivation is a key for sustainable adoption and production. |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:19-25&r=all |
| By: | Kehinde, Mojisola O.; Shittu, Adebayo M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295701&r=all |
| By: | Islam, H. M. Rakibul; Khan, Masud Hossain; Roy, Debashis; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Ahmed, Khan Kamal Uddin; Mahmud, Yahia; Bashar, M. A.; Shah, M. S. |
| Abstract: | In shrimp culture, various diseases, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in particular, has been emerging as a serious constraint affecting shrimp culture in Bangladesh. In this study, effort has been given assessing the risk factors for WSSV outbreak under which 72 farms were investigated belonging 4 Upazilas of Bagerhat (Kochua, Rampal, Fakirhat) and Khulna (Paikgacha) district of Bangladesh from January to June 2011. Major scenario depicted improved traditional culture method. PCR test has been carried out to confirm WSSV infection. About 20 factors were considered in assessing the association of WSSV outbreak. Study revealed significant correlation with some factors like accessibility of cattle (r=0.630, p≤.01) and linked up with other ghers (r=0.754, p≤.01) within a cluster (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient test). Pearson Correlation coefficient for salinity found to have significant correlation with the risk of WSSV infection (r= -0.727, p≤.01), followed by temperature (0.624, p≤.01) and average depth (-0.618, p≤.01), however, feeding kept 30.6% farms away from the outbreak followed by sludge removal (26.39% farms). On the contrary, uses of river water directly into the ghers pose 38.9% risk of being attacked which is absolutely nill and 1.4% for the underground and rain water respectively. Disease prone months found in March to June and out of the four upazilas, Fakirhat found to be less infected due to better management. Therefore, ensuring proper gher management practice, virus free Pl, awareness buildup at the farmer level and community based farm management development can act as preventive measures in reducing the risk of WSSV infection. |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3yce9&r=all |
| By: | Gariba, Jamaldeen M.; Amikuzuno, Joseph |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295688&r=all |
| By: | Catherine Haeck; Giulia Meloni; Jo Swinnen |
| Abstract: | Previous studies on the value of terroir, or more generally geographical indications (GI), used hedonic techniques. We use historical data and exploit temporal and geographical variations in the introduction of wine GIs in early twentieth century France to study the impact on the price of specific wines in the years and decades following their introduction. We find large effects of GIs on prices of some Champagne wines, but no significant impact on Bordeaux or other Champagne wines. |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:licosp:634338&r=all |
| By: | Asante, Seth B.; Ragasa, Catherine; Andam, Kwaw S. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295852&r=all |
| By: | Mulbah, Francis; Ritho, Cecilia; Mburu, John |
| Keywords: | Financial Economics |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295923&r=all |
| By: | Barseghyan, Gayane |
| Abstract: | Taking the multilateral sanctions program launched against Russia in 2014 as a case study, this paper investigates the economic effects of sanctions and counter-sanctions on a target economy. A synthetic control method for comparative case studies is employed to construct counterfactuals. The estimation results demonstrate that in Russia following sanctions and counter-sanctions real GDP per capita, FDI net in flows and income inequality fell, while the ban on agricultural and food imports introduced by Russia boosted the domestic agricultural sector, resulting in higher agricultural productivity and farm worker incomes. Various placebo studies confirm the significance of obtained estimates. Results are robust to random donor samples. |
| JEL: | C33 F51 O50 |
| Date: | 2019–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofitp:2019_024&r=all |
| By: | Arouna, Aminou; Aboudou, Rachidi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295793&r=all |
| By: | Gebretsadik, Kidanemariam Abreha (School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) |
| Abstract: | There are debates about climate-led resource scarcity and users’ behavior. Common pool resources (CPRs) are of particular interest in this regard as climate change may increase existing challenges. One reason for this is that CPR users may change their behavior in ways that affect other users. This paper looks at communal irrigation as a CPR in Ethiopia, where reduced availability of water may lead to unfair water allocations. Unfairness could lead to envy, which may pose extra problems for sustainable water management. I therefore conducted a joy-of-destruction game involving 192 randomly selected household heads (players) that mimic burning of another’s possession. Using a random draw, players were grouped into either the scarce water condition or abundant water condition. Within each group I randomly paired two players to play the game. This hypothetical game asks if the player in the group is willing to damage the other group’s irrigation field to maximize his/her own benefit. Both descriptive and econometrics methods of analysis were employed. Surprisingly, I found that players display less envious behavior when there is water scarcity than abundance. This is an astounding result and the possible explanation could be that the participating farmers in the experiment were not fully detached from their real-life perceptions. Both variables, water condition and amount of deduction, significantly influence the players’ decisions. The paper has implications on possible interventions of CPRs management, and suggests the need for further work on methodological aspects to enhance external validity in field games. |
| Keywords: | Climate; Scarcity; Common Pool Resources; Irrigation Water; Envy; Joy-of-Destruction; Tigray; Ethiopia |
| JEL: | C79 C93 D91 Q25 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsseb:2019_005&r=all |
| By: | Onubogu, Onyinyechukwu H.; Dipeolu, Adewale O. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295749&r=all |
| By: | Umar, S.M.; Sadiq, M.S.; Suhasini, K. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295942&r=all |
| By: | Akamin, Ajapnwa; Molua, Ernest L. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295883&r=all |
| By: | Wirba, Ebenezer Lemven; Njong, Aloysius Mom; Baye, Francis Menjo |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295786&r=all |
| By: | Tadesse, Getaw; Abate, Gashaw T.; Zewdie, Tadiwos |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295812&r=all |
| By: | Hossain, Istiaque; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Dey, Madan Mohan; Bin Mokhta, Mazlin; Jaafa, Abdul Hamid; Hossain, Yeamin |
| Abstract: | Objective: This objective of this study is to measure the productivity of water on the floodplain land in terms of fisheries and living aquatic resources based on two floodplain beels in Bangladesh. Methods: Among two beels, beel Mail is practicing community based fish culture management, and beel Chandpur is open access and improperly managed. The production and market price data of fish, snail, and aquatic plants were collected by direct observation based on 30 samples fishers in the year 2006-07. This study also collected production related water quality data, such as water temperature, pH and Dissolved Oxygen. Results: The water quality data are found within the normal range. Net aggregated water productivity values based on production costs was TK 8016.23 ha-1 and TK 3912.9 ha-1 and based on all cost TK 7160.97 ha-1 and TK 3741.13 ha-1 at beel Mail and beel Chandpur, respectively. The contribution of fish, snails and aquatic resources were 96.50%, 3.10%, and 0.40% of the gross aggregated water produced in beel Mail and 87.85%, 8.38%, and 3.77% in the beel Chandpur. The water productivity values in beel Mail is higher than the beel Chandpur due to the intervention of community based fish culture. Conclusion: The proper management and techniques of harvesting fish through appropriate number of fish fingerlings stocked, good quality of fish fingerlings, size of beel, good fencing and well defined embankment, etc. can help to improve the productivity of water in the beel areas. |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fg2z4&r=all |
| By: | Burns, Christopher |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296833&r=all |
| By: | Christianson, Bill |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296807&r=all |
| By: | Kafle, Kashi; Paliwal, Neha; Benfica, Rui |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295822&r=all |
| By: | Sussy, Munialo; Shadrack, Nyawade; Oluoch-Kosura, W. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295861&r=all |
| By: | Liebenehm, Sabine; Weyori, Alirah Emmanuel; Waibel, Hermann |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295691&r=all |
| By: | , abdul.mongid |
| Abstract: | The existence of the rural bank in the Indonesian’ financial market is more pronounced recently than ever especially after the Asian crisis in 1997. The ability of rural banks to shield during the crisis and the state programs to develop small and medium enterprises (SMEs), make the role of rural banks more pivotal. Rural banks begin to fill in the gap of financial services in rural areas. Recently, the issue of efficiency has received attention among academic researchers. This study estimates the technical and scale efficiency of rural banks in Indonesia during the period of 2006 and 2007 by using the non-parametric approach – Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results suggest that the degree of technical efficiency is found to be lower than the degree of scale efficiency which indicates that portion of overall inefficiency is due to producing below the production frontier rather than producing at an inefficient scale. In addition, majority of the banks in the sample exhibit suboptimal scale which imply that output should be expanded to reach the optimal scale. |
| Date: | 2018–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:w9j54&r=all |
| By: | Chen, Natalie (University of Warwick and CAGE, Department of Economics); Juvenal, Luciana (International Monetary Fund) |
| Abstract: | We investigate theoretically and empirically how exporters adjust their markups across destinations depending on bilateral distance, tariffs, and the quality of their exports. Under the assumption that trade costs are both ad valorem and per unit, our model predicts that markups rise with distance and fall with tariffs, but these effects are heterogeneous and are smaller in magnitude for higher quality exports. We find strong support for the predictions of the model using a unique data set of Argentinean firm-level wine exports combined with experts wine ratings as a measure of quality. |
| Keywords: | Distance ; export unit values ; heterogeneity ; markups ; quality; tariffs ; trade costs ; wine. |
| JEL: | F12 F14 F31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1233&r=all |
| By: | Sowell, Andrew |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296820&r=all |
| By: | Nelson, Dave |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296819&r=all |
| By: | Arouna, Aminou; Michler, Jeffrey D.; Lokossou, Jourdain C. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295717&r=all |
| By: | Okoh, Augustine I. Sadiq; Owutuamor, Zechariahs Benapugha |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295676&r=all |
| By: | Costa, Ramiro |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296838&r=all |
| By: | Fiamohe, Rose; Agossadou, Arsene J. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295847&r=all |
| By: | Mapemba, Lawrence; Mgomezulu, Wisdom Richard; Kalua, Gracious |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295784&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri; Mokhtar, Mazlin; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Malaysia is one of the highly vulnerable countries due to climatic changes. Here the changes in climate factors cause adverse impacts on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability. To adapt to these changes a prudent adaptation policy is very important. Several countries follow different adaptation policy based on their localized socioeconomic and geographical status. While defining its adaptation policy, Malaysia also needs to consider several crucial factors. This study discusses issues relevant to the farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Malaysia and also provides few recommendations that will help policy makers to prepare the agricultural adaptation policy for climate change |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gjcd5&r=all |
| By: | Kariuki, Sarah Wairimu; Hoffmann, Vivian |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295807&r=all |
| By: | Gentilucci, Eleonora |
| Abstract: | The paper uses the Ostromian analytical framework of CPRs and commons definitions, in order to analyze the effect of the introduction of IPRs on the seeds. The main contribution of this research is twofold. On the one hand it allows to validate the initial hypothesis (H1) namely that, throughout the history, until the introduction of IPRs on the living (S0), seeds were CPRs and commons and, after the introduction of IPRs (S1), seeds became private goods. The analysis carried out shows that seeds are commons of knowledge and natural resource and that the introduction of IPRs has allowed the appropriation of a resource that was previously common. This is the “commodification” process. On the other hand study deeps a specific tool to overcome the enclosure imposed by IPRs, to seeds: namely the application of free software principles to seeds. This enables a return to the reverse process of “commonification”. |
| Keywords: | Seeds, Knowledge commons, Common-pool resources, Intellectual property rights, Free software. |
| JEL: | B52 O13 O34 P14 P16 |
| Date: | 2018–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:90527&r=all |