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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2019‒12‒09
sixty-one papers chosen by |
| By: | Boz, Ismet; Kaynakei, Cevahir |
| Abstract: | Adoption of pressurized irrigation systems such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation influences productivity and sustainable use of water resources. Since Turkey isn't counted among water-rich countries, farmers need to use these irrigation systems. However, there are many factors associated with the adoption of agricultural innovations. This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of pressurized irrigation technologies in Çarşamba District of Samsun Province. Participants of this study were a stratified sample of 350 farmers operated in different villages of Carşamba district. A well-structured questionnaire was administered and sought information about socioeconomic characteristicsand different farming practices applied by the participants. Data collection was completed in the May-September period of 2015. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe socioeconomic characteristics of respondents. Then farmers weredivided into two broad categories as adopters and non-adopters of pressurized irrigation systems. The independent sample t-test procedure was used to compare these two groups regarding their socioeconomic characteristics and farming practices. Results of this study showed that adopters of the pressurized irrigation system in the region use more credit for inputs, obtain a higher yield of maize per decare, and have higher level of off-farm income; however, they have smaller family size, fewer persons involved in agricultural activities, and lower number of parcels of agricultural land. Research results are expected to provide useful information in identifying the issues related to the adoption of innovations in agriculture, and in developing innovation adoption programs for rural communities. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae3:296878&r=all |
| By: | Tanjung, Dahri; Hutagaol, Parulian |
| Abstract: | Poverty is still a scourge to be faced by the Government of Malang Regency, mainly because the number is still relatively large, ie 11.07% of the population in 2016. The concentration of poor people who still live in rural areas shows that the poverty level of agriculture sector is at a higher than urban sectors. Therefore, the revitalization of agriculture is very important to be re-emphasized. This study was conducted on coffee farmers in the dryland plains of Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, with a view to mapping the factors causing poverty of coffee farmers and formulating the mitigation measures. Based on data processing and information collected from various primary sources (farmers, traders, PPL and related officials) as well as secondary sources (literature and BPS) it was found that the factors affecting poverty are the relatively low quality of coffee farmers and also limited controlof agricultural land resources. Indeed, farmers work very hard to enlarge their income from their narrow land by cultivating it intensively and integrating it with livestock and additional work outside the farm. However, the results have not been able to lift farmers' income away from the poverty line. This is partly due to the very weak position of farmers when dealing with middlemen in the input market and output markets. Farmers have dependence on middlemen to fulfill capital requirement in farming. Meanwhile, government efforts through policy and service programs are not very effective. To help farmers out of the socio-economic difficulties they face, this study proposes the development of the People's Agribusiness Sentra (SAR Cooperative) which is driven by three basic principles (Principles of Cooperatives (PK), Principles of Business (PB) and Networking Principles (PJ). By applying these three principles, through Cooperative SAR farmers' position will be much stronger in the market because it will face the market collectively, benefit from "economics of scale", increase the value added of the product through processing, relinquish the dependence on venture capital from middlemen, and expand business activities through partnerships with agribusiness companies. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296711&r=all |
| By: | Simon Dietz; Bruno Lanz |
| Abstract: | We study the capacity to meet food demand under conditions of climate change, economic and population growth. We take a novel approach to quantifying climate impacts, based on a model of the global economy structurally estimated on the period 1960 to 2015. The model integrates several features necessary to study the problem, including an explicit agriculture sector, endogenous fertility, directed technical change and fossil/renewable energy. We estimate the world economy is more than one trillion dollars smaller, and world population more than 80 million smaller, than would have been the case without climate change. This is despite substantial adaptation having taken place in general equilibrium through R&D and agricultural land expansion. Policy experiments with the model suggest that optimal GHG taxes are high and future temperatures held well below 2 degrees Celsius. |
| Keywords: | adaptation; agricultural productivity; climate change; directed technical change; energy; food security; economic growth; population growth; structural estimation |
| JEL: | C51 D72 O13 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:19-09&r=all |
| By: | Purnamadewi, Yeti; Firdaus, Muhammad |
| Abstract: | Poverty in rural areas is still a problem in economic development in Indonesia and shallot is an important agricultural commodity in the food security where shallot is one of the main ingredients in almost all Indonesian cuisine. To overcome imports, government encourages the cultivation of shallot to upland area whereas it is known that the cultivation of shallot in this area faces several problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the income patterns and factors that determine the income level of farm households in the center of shallot production. The main data used in this study is primary data collected from farm household samples through interviews using structured questionnaires as well as observations. Sampling method used is purposive sampling with representative consideration to population diversity. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis are the major analytical tools employed for the study. The results of analysis show that farmers in the study area, in addition to cultivating shallot as well as various horticultural commodities, food and livestock integrated in cropping pattern. Shallot farm income contributes the most to household income, followed by income from livestock and chili farming. Human capital in the form of education level, household size, number of labor; natural capital in the form of farm and agroforestry land size; physical capital in the form of livestock ownership; financial capital in the form of access to credit; as well as social capital in the form of cropping patterns are the variables that significantly affect household income of farmers. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296699&r=all |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta; Balié, Jean; Magrini, Emiiano |
| Abstract: | This study follows from the recent move by most developing economies to introduce price support programs for selected cereals. For Ethiopia, we examine the price, quantity, welfare and government intervention effects of alternative producer and consumer price policies backed-up by public cereal storage services when agriculture is faced with positive and negative productivity shocks. We find that producer price support policies are production enhancing. However, these policies work against the urban poor and rural net-buyers as food prices could not fall anymore beyond the level dictated by the support program. Meanwhile, consumer price support policies tend to harm rural households due to further losses in incomes as the control on consumer prices supresses producer prices. The analysis further shows that consumer price stabilisation policies aggravate food insecurity since domestic cereal production declines strongly. |
| Keywords: | price support policies,public storage,agriculture,CGE,distributional effect |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:daredp:1908&r=all |
| By: | Borowski, Piotr; Patuk, Iarosav |
| Abstract: | Sustainable development is the progress which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a system—a system that connects space and a system that connects time. When we think of the world as a system over space, we grow to understand that air pollution from power plants of North America affects air quality in Europe and Africa, and that tragedy of nuclear station in Fukushima could harm fish stocks off the coast of Australia. And when we think of the world as a system over time, we start to realize that the decisions of our grandparents made about how to farm the land continue to affect agricultural practice today and the economic policies we endorse today will have an impact on urban poverty when our children are adults. Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the definition which is the most frequently quoted comes from the Brundtland Report (3.27). Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This means meeting the diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities, (1) promoting personal wellbeing, (2) social cohesion and inclusion, and (3) creating equal opportunity. From the agricultural point of view, the three points mentioned above concerning the sustainable development, can be describe as: a) Food Security - Sustaining the Potential. Food security requires attention to questions of production and distribution, It can be furthered by land reforms, and by policies to protect vulnerable subsistence farmers, pastora1ists, and the landless. b) Species and Ecosystems - Resources for Development. Conservation of living natural resources - plants, animals, and micro-organisms, and the non-living elements of the environment on which they depend - is crucial for development. c) Energy - Choices for Environmentand Development. Energy is necessary for daily survival. Future development crucially depends on its long-termavailability in increasing quantities from sources that are dependable, safe, andenvironmentally sound. At present, no single source or mix of sources is at hand to meet thisfuture need. Many macro and micro analysis on the influence of the growth-oriented agricultural policies have showed that achievements in increasing food production have been attained at the expense of depleting the environmental and natural resources, that are indispensable for the sustainability of any agricultural systems.Sustainability and sustainable development have become issues of global policies over the past two decades. Continuously and systematically transforming of the agricultural sector for the age of sustainable developmentrequires tracking these interactions, evaluating if objectives are being achieved and allowing for adaptive management within the diverse agricultural systems that make up global agriculture |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296708&r=all |
| By: | Milan Scasny (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Opletalova 26, 110 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University Environment Centre, José Martího 407/2, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic); Iva Zverinova (Charles University Environment Centre, José Martího 407/2, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic); Alistair Hunt (University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to examine preferences of citizens of three European countries regarding various adaptation plans and measures to limit damages from drought under climate changes. For this purpose, we conducted a survey in the Czech Republic, Italy, and the United Kingdom. We utilize discrete choice experiments and estimate marginal willingness-to-pay for a variety of technical, nature-based, and non-structural soft measures. The results differ substantially between countries and across the adaptation measures with the mean willingness to pay to be in a range of 5 to 26 PPS EUR. However, there is a large heterogeneity in willingness-to-pay across and within the countries. Rainwater harvesting is found to be one of the most preferred measures in each of the three countries, followed by small water reservoirs and wetlands in the Czech Republic, large reservoirs in the UK, and tax relief on water efficient technologies in Italy. We gather data on the perceived effectiveness and perceived base level of implementation of the various measures to explain the differences in preferences across populations. We identify three distinct latent classes implying large, modest, and even negative willingness to pay estimates in each three countries. The results can be used to inform policy makers about the acceptability of policy mixes. |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation, discrete choice experiments, willingness to pay, policy acceptability, droughts, technical measures, nature-based (green) measures, soft non-structural measures |
| JEL: | Q54 Q51 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2019_16&r=all |
| By: | Roy, Tirthankar |
| Abstract: | This article says that climate shaped the long-term pattern of economic change in India and that the climatically conditioned economic change generated a distinct set of environmental consequences in the region. From the nineteenth century, political and economic processes that made scarce and controlled water resources more accessible to more people, enhanced welfare, enabled more food production and sustained urbanization. The same processes also raised water stress. These propositions carry lessons for comparative economic history and the conduct of discourses on sustainability in the present times. |
| Keywords: | caste; climate; environmental history; hydrology; India; inequality; monsoon; poverty; property rights; seasonality; South Asia |
| JEL: | N50 N55 O13 P48 Q00 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:102589&r=all |
| By: | Muhamadi, Shakiru; Boz, Ismet |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to examine the present situation and potential developments of organic agriculture in Rwanda. The side effects of conventional farming encouraged the producers to adopt organic agriculture as a solution. This paper first reviews the trends in organic farming in the world,and then gives detailed information about organic farming in Rwanda where a high potential of organic production exists due to the abundance of highly fertile and uncontaminated land reserves. Rwanda’s present agricultural policies mostly focus on an increase of agricultural production per hectare and per animal. This goal requires increasing use of subsidized chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Thegovernment’s extension system promotes conventional farming and country policy of growing priority crops in specific areas are among the major issues hindering the country's transition to an organic state. In this paper, the details of the Rwanda’s organic farming potential have been highlightedby using a SWOT analysis. Appropriate government supports like facilitating the organic farmers' participation at international trade fairs will strengthen Rwanda's fame as an organic country, linking farmers to export markets, joint negotiations with certification bodies, and rising awareness through media will be a triumphant strategy for the Rwanda’s organic farming to develop further. The results of this paper will provide useful information for policymakers, extension specialists, NGOs dealing with organic farming, and researchers. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296705&r=all |
| By: | Milan Scasny (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Opletalova 26, 110 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University Environment Centre, José Martího 407/2, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic); Iva Zverinova (Charles University Environment Centre, José Martího 407/2, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic); Vojtech Maca (Charles University Environment Centre, José Martího 407/2, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | Consumers preferences for sustainable and healthier lifestyle are examined through stated preference discrete choice experiments. Specifically, we introduce several choice situations in which each respondent was asked to choose the best from three lifestyles presented, including the respondent’s current lifestyle. Each lifestyle alternative is described by a different diet, health risks, and monetary costs. Diet is described by a number of portions of five different food items eaten per week (fruits and vegetables, meat, fish, legumes, and confectionery, ice-cream and sugar-sweetened drinks). Using a split-sample treatment, lifestyles are then described by either physical activities or environmental impacts (in kg of CO2 emissions). We also examine the effect of self-affirmation and information about the environmental impacts provided separately or in a combination. A non-linear preference is tested for increasing versus decreasing cost of food expenditures. Preferences are analysed using an original stated preference survey conducted in five EU countries (the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal, Spain, and in the United Kingdom) in summer 2018, with dataset consisting of 10,288 observations. We find that importance of lifestyle attributes varies across the countries and information treatments. The cost is significant in every country, indicating that lower costs lead to a higher probability of choosing the alternative lifestyle. Reducing health risks and environmental impact motivated respondents to change their lifestyle, even though reducing 1 kg CO2 due to food consumption a week is valued 3–6 times less than reducing cardiovascular risk by one percent. Still, the implied WTP for a tone CO2 abatement is in a range of 300–1,200 Euro and VSC of cardiovascular disease lies between 4,000 and 35,000 Euro, depending on country and DCE variant. Increasing physical activity increases the likelihood of changing lifestyle only in Latvia and Portugal. Most respondents prefer to keep eating meat and eliminating meat or fish from food consumption is associated with large dis-benefit. Respondents also prefer to increase portions of health-improving vegetables and fruits, however, this is not the case of pulses. |
| Keywords: | Discrete choice experiment, willingness to pay, sustainable lifestyle, healthy diets, consumer preferences, physical activity, health risk, CO2 emissions |
| JEL: | D12 H31 Q51 R22 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2019_17&r=all |
| By: | Chen, Cheng; Matzdorf, Bettina; Meyer, Claas; König, Hannes; Zhen, Lin |
| Abstract: | As the world's largest Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) program, China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) is designed to combat soil erosion and ongoing land degradation by converting crop land on steep slopes into forests. Operating through an incentive-based approach, the SLCP involved 32 million rural households as the core agents for program implementation. In this paper, we aim to fill a research gap regarding the condition for environmental effectiveness at the household level. In particular, we analyzed how institutional and socio-economic conditions influence rural households to reach the primary environmental goals. Based on a broad literature review, we analyzed relevant conditions based on 59 interviews with SLCP participants at the household level to combine these data with field-observed evaluation of the environmental effects on enrolled plots. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), our results show that the pathway to environmental success or failure at the household level has been shaped by local institutional and socio-economic conditions in a combinatory manner. As the key components of successful pathways, the combination of household involvement and effective monitoring plays a fundamental role. However, in the absence of certain conditions, the environmental effectiveness of SLCP may be in danger. Based on our result, we discuss the potentials and shortcomings of using short-term governmental PES to realize long-term environmental effects. |
| Date: | 2018–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jzvqh&r=all |
| By: | Kizilaslan, Nuray; Cukur, Tayfun |
| Abstract: | Farmers have to decide on various issues while carrying out their agricultural activities. There is a significant impact on the knowledge that the farmers have in making the decision. While scientific knowledge is the produced by research institutions and transmitted to farmers through extension organizations, local knowledge is reflect cultural and society features and it transferred next generations. So previous generations are local sources of information.Local knowledge is helping to make decisions about agriculture, health, education, natural resource management. Local knowledge is data for agricultural extension studies. Thanks to this knowledge extension institutions are learning about the farmers' current conditions and practices and building their extension programs on this knowledge. On the other hand, local knowledge protects biodiversity and preserves local genetic resources, while agricultural heritage protects natural resources through low-input agricultural production. It is also important to ensure food safety, as local knowledge is an alternative production technique when modern farming technologies do not comply locally with farmers' requirements. When an assessment is made in terms of agricultural extension, local knowledge appears to be an important source of knowledge. Because farmers provide important information from family members, friends and neighbors. The farmers' own experiences are also an important source of information. In this study will be examine the differences between local knowledge and scientific knowledge, the characteristics of local knowledge, local knowledge types, extension approaches that respect local knowledge, and the importance of local knowledge in terms of agricultural extension. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296706&r=all |
| By: | Stoyanova, Antoniya; Veleva, Petya; Valkova, Elica; Pevicharova, Galina; Georgiev, Mitko; Valchev, Nikolay |
| Abstract: | The experimental work was carried out during the period 2016-2017 in Bulgaria. Subject of research are tomato Vitelio cultivar, greenhouse grown at three levels of manuring and different irrigation regimes. The purpose of this study is to research the effect of applying three manuring schemes on irrigation with an optimal irrigation regime (M) and a controlled water deficit, with 75% and 50% of the irrigation rate being applied to dry matter and organic acids. From the presented distributions of the tested quality parameters of greenhouse tomatoes, it can be seen that the dry matter and titrimetric organic acids ratios are close to normal, and for the ascorbic acid indicator there are larger variations in the base values. The data is eligible for the sampling representatively requirements. Significant levels of p <0.05 were obtained for the three researched indicators, i. E. the results of multi-variate dispersion analysis could be used in order to develop strategies for irrigation and manuring of tomatoes to reduce environmental risk. Considering the quality indicator: ascorbic acid a decrease in the quantities has been registered with an increase in the manuring norms. The analysis of the results found that when increasing fertilizer levels, the content of ascorbic acid decreased, i.e., there is an increase in the cost of tomato production and a decrease in the quality of tomatoes. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296719&r=all |
| By: | Ahmed, Osama; Sallam, Walid |
| Abstract: | This article aims to examine the long and short run relationship between agricultural exports and agriculture's share of GDP. Links between series considered are assessed by co-integration analysis by using Johansen co-integration technique and ECM- GARCH. Results indicate a positive link in the short and long term between agricultural exports and agriculture's share of GDP, as well as the cointegration between the pairs of series used also can be found; increases in agricultural exports have followed by increases in agriculture's share of GDP, Agriculture exports and agriculture’s share of GDP elasticities are being 0.62. Evidence of that past shocks and agricultural exports contribute to increase agriculture's share of GDP volatility is also found. To implement some of the policies that could be used to increase the export of agricultural products, it is relevant that the problems faced by farmers to export their products should be solved. The most important of these problems was the lack of commitment exporters’ of the forward contracts; thus such these contracts need to be controlled by the government and the application of fines for breach of the contracts. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296701&r=all |
| By: | Sileshi, Million; Kadigi, Reuben; Mutabazi, Khamaldin; Sieber, Stefan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295897&r=all |
| By: | Abustam, Effendi; Yusuf, Muhammad; Said, Muhammad; Nahariah; Taggo, Syamsuddin |
| Abstract: | Application of science and technology for the community (IbM) in the form of Liquid Smoke Technology Application in Bali Cattle Farmers Group in Tanete Riaja Sub-district of Barru Regency has been made on two partners of IbM namely Sikapa Livestock Group and Group of Lempang Bwhich lasted for five months. This activity aims to improve the skills of livestock group members in the application of animal husbandry technology to problem-solvingto increase the productivity of cattle kept in cages. Balinese cattle sightings require the provision of feed in the form of cut and carry while forage feed availability during the year is uneven. The availability of forage is very low in the dry season and when the cultivation of rice. Feed processing and forage in abundance is the best solution for feed fulfillment especially forages throughout the year.The method of implementation was in the form of training (theory and practice), action research, and assistance to making theproduct. The application of feed products on Balinese cattle at cage was made. Preparation of feed in the form of urea, coconut water, liquid smoke, multinutrient block (UCSMB) and probiotic fermented rice straw is given to farmers in the form of training in both groups of partners. Feeding experiment UCSMB and straw fermented probiotic performed on 12 cattle for 26 days. Weighing the cattle was done before and after treatment to find out the value of average daily gain. Six cattle are slaughtered,and then muscle Longissimus dorsi quality analyzed regarding the shear force value raw and cooked meat (RMSF and CMSF), cooking loss (CL), flesh water binding ability (WHC) and the level of acidity (pH) of meat. The results showed that during the training the farmers were very enthusiastic about the material is given. Post-training of livestock groups has made the manufacture of UCSMB as much as 200kg and 300kg of fermented straw. The weight gain of Balinese cattle during maintenance at the cage 0.55kg / day, the quality of meat increased with increasing concentration of liquid smoke and maturation time. At the concentration of liquid smoke 20% of raw and cooking shear force (RMSF and CMSF) decreased to 3.23 and 3.68 kg / cm2 respectively, cooking loss decreased to 13.42%, WHC increased to 20.23, and pH decreased to 5.98. It can be concluded that the application of liquid smoke in UCSMB feed increases the productivity of Balinese cattle in rural livestock. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296702&r=all |
| By: | Khaliq, Ahmad; Boz, ismet |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to identify the contribution of agriculture in Afghanistan economy by examining the experience of 34 provinces as documented in case studies commissioned and various secondary sources, (CSO yearbook, FAO reports, government publications, USAID reports, NGOs reports, journals and websites) for the period of 2016 - 2017. Agriculture is the backbone of the Afghan economy, the contributions of agriculture to the country's gross demotic product (GDP) is 23% in 2017, while the labor force engaged in this sector is around 61.6%. The annual growth rate in Afghanistan is predictable 3.6 percent. Afghanistan produces organic fruits, nuts, grain, vegetables and livestock products including cashmere, skin, wool, and a significant amount of these commodities is moving towards the export market. Agriculture represents for about one-quarter of national GDP and is the second largest sector after services. Over the 70 % of the population are poor living in rural areas, and agriculture plays an important role in their livelihoods. The most Afghan farms are very small and their productivity is low over the years that farmers produce to satisfy the food needs of their household, with limited agricultural production entering commercial marketing channels and the trade account deficit overall. The GDP including opium was US$ 20.3 billion with GDP per capita of US$ 697. The agricultural sector is entirely run by private enterprises, including farmers, cooperatives, input suppliers, herders, agribusiness processors, and exporters. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296712&r=all |
| By: | Yisa, Ezekiel; Coker, Ayodeji; Etonihu, Ifeanyi; Adewumi, Adeoluwa |
| Abstract: | This study examined the effect of conflicts on food security and poverty status of Irish potato farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 225 respondents in the study area. Data for the research were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, United States food security scale, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke model, Probit regression and Ordered Logit regression model. Results showed that about 12% of respondents in the study area were food secured while 88% of the respondents were food insecure with various degrees of hunger. Majority (88.4%) of the respondents were poor and only 11.6% were non poor. Age, marital status, farm size, food expenditure, membership in cooperative and poverty status were found to be statistically significant factors at p<0.01 and p<0.05 levels of probability that affects the food security status of farmers during conflicts while level of education, farm size, labour and non-potato income were significant factors at p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.10 levels of probability respectively that affects the poverty status of respondents in the study area during conflicts. Also number of conflicts witnessed, household size and susceptibility to sickness were found to be statistically significant factors at p<0.01 and p<0.10 levels of probability that determine the susceptibility of respondents to conflicts. Respondents perceived and adopted adherence to curfew, living close to security post, cutting the size of meals and participation in community policing as effective coping strategies during conflicts in Plateau State. Agricultural credit should be made available to farmers through government intervention by statutory and commercial banks at little or no interest to increase crop production output, reduce poverty and improve food security status. Security post and barracks should be cited by government in rural communities to guarantee security of life and property. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae3:296884&r=all |
| By: | Jung, Yeonha |
| Abstract: | Agricultural patterns could have diverse impact on long-run economic development. In the context of the US South, this paper examines the legacy of cotton on economic development focusing on a novel channel of structural change. Exploiting variation in cotton production along with agro-climatic conditions, I show that the legacy of cotton has impeded local economic development exclusively as of the mid-twentieth century. The structural break is found to be a consequence of cotton mechanization. Evidence from exogenous variation in the boll weevil infestation shows that cotton farming was strongly dependent on tenant farmers with little human capital. Following cotton mechanization, cotton tenants were largely displaced and absorbed by the manufacturing sector. I then find that the inflow of cotton tenants has reduced labor productivity in the manufacturing sector. Beyond the composition effect, the negative impact on manufacturing productivity has persisted in the long-run through demand-side. Employing an index of state-level policy environment, I exploit within-state variation to show that the legacy of cotton has induced unskill-biased technical change in manufacturing. |
| Date: | 2018–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:trjfz&r=all |
| By: | Mercedes Campi; Marco Duenas; Giorgio Fagiolo |
| Abstract: | In the last years, there has been a growing interest in studying the global food system as a complex evolving network. Much of the literature has been focusing on the way countries are interconnected in the food system through international-trade linkages, and what consequences this may have in terms of food security and sustainability. Little attention has been instead devoted to understanding how countries, given their capabilities, specialize in agricultural production and to the determinants of country specialization patterns. In this paper, we start addressing this issue using FAO production data for the period 1993-2013. We characterize the food production space as a time-sequence of bipartite networks, connecting countries to the agricultural products they produce, and we identify properties and determinants underlying their evolution. We find that the agricultural product space is a very dense network, which however displays well-defined and stable communities of countries and products, despite the unprecedented pressure that food systems have been undergoing in recent years. We also find that the observed community structures are not only shaped by agro-ecological conditions but also by economic, socio-political, and technological factors. Finally, we discuss the implications that such findings may have on our understanding of the complex relationships involving country production capabilities, their specialization patterns, food security, and the nutrition content of the domestic part of their food supply. |
| Keywords: | Food systems; Food production; Specialization; Bipartite networks; Community structure detection; Hypergeometric filtering. |
| Date: | 2019–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2019/37&r=all |
| By: | Kaynakci, Cevahir; Boz, Ismet |
| Abstract: | Agricultural extension systems have been developed for people living in rural areas to deal with farm production and marketing activities which have been the main livelihoods of these people. Agricultural Extension is defined as the use of communication methods in a planned manner to help farmers make ideas and right decisions in every subject they need. However, people engaged in agriculture need help in production techniques, input use, marketing, and other activities regarding rural society. For this reason, agricultural extension agents, also called change agents, participate in the extension process to determine the problems of farmers by the most consistent and positive manner. Moreover, these agents provide a two-way link between research institutions and farmers and cooperate with rural development organizations.The overall purpose of this study is to examine the roles, responsibilities, and competencies of the agricultural extension agents in the extension systems,and to determine common strategies that maximize the impact of extension agents’ efforts for agricultural and rural development.The study begins with a basic need assessment for agricultural extension services and extension agents in the agricultural development process. Qualitative research methods were utilizedsince this was a review study.In this context, published articles, conference proceedings, books, statistics from official institutions and the private sector, and various web sites were used. The study concluded that an extension agent has a variety of roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, they need professional, individual, and technic competencies to fulfill their roles and responsibilities. It is thought that the research results will provide useful information for agricultural politicians, scientists, farmers, and extension staff. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae3:296876&r=all |
| By: | Willy, Daniel Kyalo; Muyanga, Milu; Jayne, Thomas; Mbuvi, Joseph |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295664&r=all |
| By: | Apata, T.G.; N'Guessan, Y.G.; Kehinde, A.L.; Olutope, O. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295760&r=all |
| By: | Evrard, Raye (OCTO (Open Communication for The Ocean)) |
| Abstract: | The Washington shellfish aquaculture regulatory framework is a complex instrument with numerous permits and high agency involvement. Shellfish business owners, industry officials and policy-makers look to simplify the overall process by reducing paperwork and permit redundancies. In the past, the Washington aquaculture sector held a close relationship with the Washington Department of Agriculture, and policy- makers are again assessing a closer future relationship, aiding in regulatory efficiency. The purpose of this study is to locate sources of inefficiency within the shellfish aquaculture regulatory framework and supply new ideas for future policy-making based on an aquaculture regulatory framework proposed by Takoukam and Erikstein (2013). There are four main objectives to this study. The first is to identify barriers within the regulatory framework from the federal scale to the county level restricting the Washington shellfish industry. Through scientific and governmental literature reviews, and information from conference attendance, these barriers are identified. The second objective is to showcase current programs addressing regulatory barriers in aquaculture. Current programs are the Shellfish Interagency Permitting Team, the Pacific Aquaculture Caucus, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. The third objective is to compare the regulatory framework for aquaculture based on the Washington agriculture framework. I used the Washington agriculture program as a template to assess how aquaculture can meet the regulatory goals set forth by Takoukam and Erikstein (2013). The Florida Aquaculture program, which is a combined Aquaculture-Agriculture regulatory department, is used to illustrate a closer relationship between the two divisions. The final objective is to assess the future of Washington aquaculture based on information provided through the first three objectives. Preliminary recommendations for the Washington regulatory framework are to shift regulatory work to county level officials, limit the number of government agencies involved, reduce review periods, and increase regulatory transparency on county and state levels. |
| Date: | 2018–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:rzaq5&r=all |
| By: | Mulwa, Chalmers; Jayne, Thomas S.; Muyanga, Milu; Visser, Martine |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295845&r=all |
| By: | Murage, Alice W.; Guthiga, Paul; Gichangi, Anne W.; Ndubi, Jessica; Njarui, Donald M.G. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295736&r=all |
| By: | Maina, Kevin W.; Ritho, Cecilia N.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Rao, James O. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295711&r=all |
| By: | Wortmann-Kolundžija, Eli |
| Abstract: | The market-driven agricultural transformation of the global food system requires all, directly and indirectly, participating actors to compete efficiently and to adapt to changes in consumer demand and buyer requirements. Regarding product quantity and quality, smallholders, in particular, have to increase their reliability in order to be able to compete within the agricultural markets. Thus, innovative institutions are needed that integrate and strengthen the sustainability and linkage of and between each technological, economic, social, or political component of the value chain in order to (further) include smallholder farmers within the transforming food system. By adapting their approach and service portfolio both to changing market requirements and to scientific findings from empowerment research, farmer organizations (FO) could become one of the innovative key actors, increasing the competitiveness of their members SMEs' and reducing poverty, its impacts and its costs. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, to empirically test the previously constructed theoretical concept of empowerment and the applicability of the developed measuring scale. On the other hand, the study compares the current empowerment approaches of the surveyed FOs, in order to show by means of best practices, but also weak points, how applied empowerment approaches can be transferred and improved in the future. Theory-wise, the term "empowerment" is placed between the discussions of "repositioning" according to Bourdieu, the question of distribution and exercising economic, social, and political power according to Sen and recent findings from behavioral science on the changeability of mental models and thus behavior. By putting the theoretical findings into relation and into the context of agricultural development, the results are integrated into the broader discourse of reducing poverty and hunger. Thus, the overall objective of this study is to support the applied empowerment research and the interdisciplinary discourse on poverty and hunger reduction with some impulses for its further advancement. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubonwp:298015&r=all |
| By: | , European Marine Board; Austen, Melanie; Andersen, Peder; Armstrong, Claire; Döring, Ralf; Hynes, Stephen; Levrel, Harald; Oinonen, Soile; Ressurreição, Adriana; Coopman, Joke |
| Abstract: | The main aim of this publication is to highlight the current thinking in ecosystem service valuation for the marine environment. Valuation of the benefits stemming from marine ecosystem services, including often unnoticed benefits to society, can help to assess the long-term sustainability of blue growth, support policy development and marine management decisions, and raise awareness of the importance of the marine environment to society and in the economy. Recommendations are made on how to incorporate outputs from valuation studies into the traditional analyses used in resource and environmental economics and into the European marine policy landscape and related management and decision making choices. The publication is primarily aimed at stakeholders interested in valuation of marine ecosystem services and natural capital accounting, spanning diverse roles from commissioning, managing, funding and coordinating, to developing, implementing, or advising on, marine ecosystem service and natural capital programmes. Such programmes will have strategic and policy drivers but their main purpose may vary from predominantly research driven science to provision of valuation data and reporting to legally-binding regulations or directives. The main focus is on European capabilities but set in a global context with the various actors spanning a variety of geographical scales from national to regional and European. Key stakeholder organizations include environmental or other agencies; marine research institutions, their researchers and operators; international and regional initiatives and programmes; national, regional and European policy makers and their advisors. It will also be of interest to the wider marine and maritime research and policy community. The publication recommends: 1. Marine ecosystem valuation should be used to support policy making, regulation and management and decision making; 2. The quality and availability of monetary and non-monetary valuation data should be improved and increased through research, development and implementation actions; 3. The spatial and temporal dimensions of ecosystem valuation need to be mapped and their implications for policy and management decisions assessed; 4. In order to strengthen the use and derivation of ecosystem service values to support policy, regulation and management, underpinning research and development actions should be undertaken: a. To improve understanding of the role of marine biodiversity and ecosystem processes in providing services and benefits; b. To improve modelling approaches to support ecosystem valuation and decision making; 5. Systems to enable and use marine natural capital accounting and enhance the experimental ecosystem accounts should be further developed and implemented including: a. A natural capital portfolio approach utilising existing marine data sets and assessment results and addressing scale and aggregation as well as ecosystem degradation; b. Valuation methods for both ecosystem services and assets that can be standardised and are compatible with National Accounting; c. Payment for marine ecosystem services and other financing mechanisms to restore marine natural capital and improve its sustainable use. |
| Date: | 2019–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:vy3kp&r=all |
| By: | Marwa, Mwita Erick; Mburu, John; Oburu, Rao Elizaphan James; Mwai, Okeyo; Kahumbu, Susan |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295910&r=all |
| By: | Mwungu, Chris Miyinzi; Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia; Kinyua, Ivy; Mwongera, Caroline |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295758&r=all |
| By: | Colin Ward; Wolfgang Heidug (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Storing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in oil reservoirs as part of CO2 -based enhanced oil recovery (CO2 -EOR) can be a cost-effective solution to reduce emissions into the atmosphere. In this paper, we analyze the economics of this option in order to estimate the amount of CO2 that could be profitably stored in different regions of the world. We consider situations in which the CO2 -EOR operator either purchases the CO2 supplied or is paid for its storage. Building upon extensive data sets concerning the characteristics and location of oil reservoirs and emission sources, the paper focuses on opportunities outside North America. Using net present value (NPV) as an indicator for profitability, we conduct a break-even analysis to relate CO2 supply prices (positive or negative) to economically viable storage potential. |
| Keywords: | Carbon dioxide storage, Carbon pricing, Climate change, CO2 based enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), Decarbonization, Enhanced oil recovery |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks-2018-dp27&r=all |
| By: | Olowogbon, Toyin; Akomolafe, Stephen; Olugbemi, Toyin; Awoniyi, Olabisi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295684&r=all |
| By: | Yen, Do |
| Abstract: | products. Besides the involvement of companies, many small-scale farms have evolved in industrial plantation of forest. There are many types of economic linkages have been establishedbetween the private forest sector and local forest planters. However, the implementation of these economic integrations has not been effective so far because the connection between the wood companies and famers has shown weaknesses and the legality of the contracts is not high. Thus, in recent time, many wood processing facilities lack raw timber materials while the planters have to sell their wood at low prices when the harvest season comes. The people whose livelihood depends on the forest are still poor, the household economy in forestry shows many limitations and much fragmentation, and the effectiveness of forest plantations, harvesting, wood processing and forestry production have not been commensurate with the potential. The purpose of this study is to examine models of agreements between wood processing enterprises and local forest communities; also initially discussing the hypothesisof the main factors that make the implementation of the timber trade contractsbecomming less effective. The papertry to find the policies recommendations and efficient solutions for developing the agreements between timber processing companies and local forest comunities. The study is a part of growing the body on the research on linkages in timber production and marketing. By finding the weeknesses of the timber trade agreements, this study will contribute to future researchs on relate topics. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296718&r=all |
| By: | Adeyeye, O.; Ogunleye, A.S.; Wineman, A.; Reed, H.; Alia, D.; Akinola, A.A.; Bamire, A.S.; Abdoulaye, T.; Oni, T.O.; Ogundele, O. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295940&r=all |
| By: | Aladejebi, Oluwafemi John; Fakayode, Segun Bamidele; Oronti, Olayinka Omolayo; Sani, Tanko Paiko |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295699&r=all |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Mahrt, Kristi; Mavrotas, George; Arndt, Channing |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295868&r=all |
| By: | MIHAI, Florin Constantin |
| Abstract: | The lack of proper waste collection systems leads to plastic pollution in rivers in proximity to rural communities. This environmental threat is more widespread among mountain communities which are prone to frequent flash floods during the warm season. This paper estimates the amounts of plastic bottles dumped into the Izvoru Muntelui lake by upstream rural communities. The plastic pollution dimension between seasonal floods which affected the Bistrita catchment area during 2005–2012 is examined. The floods dumped over 290 tonnes of plastic bottles into the lake. Various scenarios are tested in order to explain each amount of plasticwaste collected by local authorities during sanitation activities. The results show that rural municipalities are responsible for 85.51% of total plastic bottles collected during 2005–2010. The source of plastic pollution is mainly local. The major floods of July 2008 and June 2010 collected most of the plastic bottles scattered across the Bistrita river catchment (56 villages) and dumped them into the lake. These comparisons validate the proposed method as a reliable tool in the assessment process of river plastic pollution, which may also be applied in other geographical areas. Tourism and leisure activities are also found to be responsible for plastic pollution in the study area. A new regional integrated waste management system should improve the waste collection services across rural municipalities at the county level when it is fully operational. This paper demonstrates that rural communities are significant contributors of plastics into water bodies. |
| Date: | 2018–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ymzx7&r=all |
| By: | Mekonnen, Daniel A.; Talsma, Elise F.; Trijsburg, Laura; Linderhof, Vincent; Achterbosch, Thom; Brouwer, Inge D. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295844&r=all |
| By: | Wehner, Nicholas (OCTO (Open Communications for The Ocean)); Phillipson, Jeremy; Symes, David |
| Abstract: | Brexit poses a major challenge to the stability of European fisheries management. Until now, neighbouring EU Member States have shared the bounty of the living resources of the seas around Britain. Taking full responsibility for the regulation of fisheries within the UK's Exclusive Economic Zone will cut across longstanding relationships, potentially putting at risk recent recovery and future sustainability of shared fish stocks. The paper considers the meaning of Brexit in relation to fisheries and the issues that will need to be resolved in any rebalancing of fishing opportunities within the UK EEZ. It examines the longer term implications for the governance of fisheries and the likely restructuring of institutional and regulatory arrangements, emphasising the prior need for a shared vision and robust modus operandi for collaboration between the UK and EU to ensure the sustainability of resources, viability of fishing activity and the health of marine ecosystems. |
| Date: | 2018–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:fxnqj&r=all |
| By: | Wehner, Nicholas (OCTO (Open Communications for The Ocean)); Richerson, Kate; Leonard, Jerry; Holland, Daniel S. |
| Abstract: | The ocean salmon fishery on the US West Coast has faced periodic closures of varying extents in order to protect vulnerable runs. These closures can have serious consequences for fishers and fishing communities, and have necessitated the release of millions of dollars of federal disaster aid. The 2017 ocean Chinook troll fishery (the major salmon ocean fishery) is closed between southern Oregon and northern California to protect the Klamath River fall Chinook, which is forecast to return in low numbers. A model of vessel fishing choices was used in combination with an established input-output model to estimate the potential economic impact of this closure on fishers and fishing communities. The analysis predicts that this closure of the ocean fishery will result in a loss of $5.8–$8.9 million in income, $12.8–$19.6 million in sales, and 200–330 jobs. These estimates are only a partial estimate of the economic impacts of the 2017 salmon regulations, as they do not fully account for the effects of the limited season outside of the closed ocean area or the effects on other salmon fisheries (e.g. the gillnet and recreational fisheries). The impacts are not distributed evenly in space, with the largest relative losses occurring in the Coos Bay, Brookings, and Eureka regions. This information may be useful as policymakers consider mitigating economic losses in the fishery and associated communities. Early estimates of economic impacts of fishery closures may also enable quicker determination of the need and extent of disaster assistance and a more timely response. |
| Date: | 2018–03–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:jntv9&r=all |
| By: | Simon, Adewole O.; Olufemi, Popoola A.; Oluwasegun, Obasoro A.; Adetola, Adeoti I. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295872&r=all |
| By: | , Oceana |
| Abstract: | Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing—also known as pirate fishing—is an unresolved and internationally pervasive problem, costing the global economy tens of billions of USD dollars annually. Those that participate in IUU fishing break or avoid fisheries management rules and succeed in operating outside the effective reach of government control. IUU fishing can deplete already overfished populations and can destroy vital marine habitats and ecosystems. This activity can also harm law-abiding fishers that suffer reduced fishing opportunities when the fish stocks they target are also targeted by IUU fishing vessels. Ending IUU fishing contributes to the global agenda to promote sustainable fishing and healthy oceans. This is underscored in UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources” by committing countries to take action to eliminate IUU fishing by 2020. |
| Date: | 2018–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:hrk6b&r=all |
| By: | Kenamu, Edwin; Mapemba, Lawrence D.; Phiri, Horace; Amanor-Boadu, Vincent; Ross, Kara |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295840&r=all |
| By: | Kane, Gilles Quentin; Piot-Lepetit, Isabelle; Mabah Tene, Gwladys Laure; Ambagna, Jean Joel |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295747&r=all |
| By: | Katengeza, Samson P.; Tione, Sarah E.; Machira, Kennedy; Mngoli, Kitty |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295716&r=all |
| By: | Ojwang, Sylvester Okoth; Otieno, David Jakinda; Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo; Muoki, Penina; Okello, Julius Juma |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295767&r=all |
| By: | Asindu, Marsy; Ojakol, James Francis; Lule, Peter M.; Naziri, Diego; Ouma, Emily |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295809&r=all |
| By: | Stoyanova, Antoniya; Kuneva, Velika; Ganchev, Gancho; Georgiev, Mitko |
| Abstract: | The research was conducted during 2015 - 2016 in the experimental field of the Department of Plant Production in Agriculture Faculty at Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of leaf fertilizer on the productivity of common wheat. In this study has examined the nutritional value of two common wheat: Diamond (by the varietal list of Bulgaria) and Ingenio (Syngenta). A comparative analysis of the results obtained from the treatment of varieties of common wheat with leaf fertilizers was made. Energetic and protein nutrition of ruminant wheat was evaluated in 1 kg of dry matter. Protein value of feed is extremely important for their nutritional value. The protein value of the feed is related to the bioavailability of the protein contained therein. The boundaries in which the protein values of the various feeding variants with different leaf fertilizers. The crude protein content ranges from 160.3 to 167.0 g/kg of dry matter (DM) for the Diamond variety and from 144.4 to 151.8 g/kg of dry matter Ingenio variety. On average, the content of raw protein in Diamond variety is higher by 10.7% of the found content of Ingenio variety. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae2:296724&r=all |
| By: | Olarinde, Luke; Fatunbi, Oluwole; Ayanwale, Adeolu; Adekunle, Adewale |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295853&r=all |
| By: | Dogan, Mesut |
| Abstract: | By it‟s natural and human features our country attracts attention. Despite hosting variety of economic activities, Turkey havent‟t succeeded determined level of livestock farming yet. By having the definition of „Insurance of Cultivation‟, livestock farming still far away from being self sufficient economic activity for Turkey with it‟s total number of animals, breed and productiveness. However, every single geographical parts of our country provide opportunity for different kind of livestock farming. Agricultural laws and legislations passed by parliament, unsufficient education level on the subject, exceed number of unmodern facilities, not having necessary health conditions for the livestocks at the facilities and unstaistfying marketing condutions can be counted as the reasons of not being on the targeted level of livestock activities. With its history that dates back a long time, our country holds origins of many different breed of animals. Many areas of our country determined as genetic centrals in order to achieve the goal of develop livestock activities. Unfortunately, results of many trials not only ended up with being below expectations but also gotten far away from being applicable. Using Black Pied Cow breed of Holstein race in application areas predominantly, would be important for both Pinarhisar county and for whole country. Although, considered as one of the underdeveloped district in Turkey in socioeconomic perspective, Pinarhisar also known as a place where the rural activites mainly take place. Economic problems that show themselves on the rural places cause rural poverty on the very same area. This rural poverty mainly based on not make use of the county‟s potential correctly. It‟s very important to determine the potential of livestock farming inside the current farming activity -which is the most important source of income of the county- in details and manifesting strategies to make use of this potential correctly. Hereby, rural areas of county can be earned back into the economy by sustainable livestock farming activities. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae3:296879&r=all |
| By: | Porsche, Lars; Steinführer, Annett; Beetz, Stephan; Dehne, Peter; Fina, Stefan; Großmann, Katrin; Leibert, Tim; Maaß, Anita; Mayer, Heike; Milbert, Antonia; Nadler, Robert; Sondermann, Martin |
| Abstract: | Urban studies in Germany are traditionally oriented towards large cities. The structures, meanings and functions of small towns are not sufficiently perceived and differentiated in scientific or political debates. Adequate research on small towns requires systematic, comparative, inter- and transdisciplinary approaches. Traditional attributions should be questioned critically and small towns should be examined empirically in their diversity and differentiation. This involves paying attention to external influences and heterogeneous internal structures as well as to regional functions and interdependencies. The availability and generation of statistical data, which also make small-scale analyses possible, are just as necessary as more comprehensive studies, which go beyond limited case studies. Finally, also research funding and academic teaching should address small towns more systematically than it has been the case in the past. This position paper presents recommendations for research, university teaching, official statistics and research funding in the field of small town research. The Ad-hoc Working Group focused on small town research in Germany and German- language literature, respectively. |
| Keywords: | Small towns,Small town research,Urban development,Development of rural areas,Urbanstudies,Spatial research,Germany |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:arlpos:114&r=all |
| By: | Ari, Yakup; Toktas, Yilmas |
| Abstract: | Turkey is a country with high young population rate. Also, after the internal conflicts that arose in neighboring countries, flocks of people have immigrated to Turkey. High population growth caused high food demand. Also, most of the population in Turkey is Muslim, and it is creating extra demand in the feast of sacrifice. During recent years, because of these reasons, the supply of meat could not meet the demand, and high demand increased the meat prices with high costs. The government of Turkey, therefore, started to import live animals to reduce meat prices. In this study, for the period 2005M01- 2018M01, the relationship between real effective exchange rate, real effective exchange rate volatility and Turkey’s livestock imports was examined using bounds test, symmetric and timevarying symmetric causality tests. In this study, unit root analysis was performed using ADF and PP tests. The results of ADF and PP unit root tests indicated that the parameters were stationary at different levels and that none of the parameters was stationary at the 2nd level. According to bounds test, the F-statistic value calculated at a significant level of 5% and 10% was found less than bottom limits, the cointegration relation between the variables was not determined. As a result of the bounds test, it was concluded that there was no long-term relationship between the variables. According to the results of a Hacker-Hatemi-J causality test, a causality relationship was not found from volatility, reel effective exchange rate and industrial production index to Turkey’s livestock exports. Timer varying causality analysis confirmed this result for a significant part of the time interval. However, a causality relationship was determined for some periods from volatility, reel effective exchange rate and industrial production index to Turkey’s livestock exports. In this study,for the period 2005M01- 2018M01, the relationship between real effective exchange rate, real effective exchange rate volatility and Turkey’s livestock imports was examined using bounds test, symmetric and time-varying symmetric causality tests. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icfae3:296877&r=all |
| By: | Ariel BenYisahy; Kristen Velyvis; Katherine Nolan; Lila Khatiwada; Carrie Dolan; Danice Brown Guzmán; Tom Purekal; Arif Mamun; Sara Wilf |
| Abstract: | This report presents findings from a long-term evaluation of a program designed to improve food security and resilience for more than 200,000 chronically food-insecure households in Malawi. |
| Keywords: | Malawi, food security, resilience, nutrition, agriculture, health |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:b8f947f49ae945208cfd4bf44183661c&r=all |
| By: | Mathenge, Naomi; Traore, Fousseini; Fofana, Ismael |
| Abstract: | This discussion paper analyzes the economy-wide impact of a series of agricultural innovations in Malawi. Using an agricultural focused computable general equilibrium model disaggregated to reflect Malawi agro-ecological zones, we simulate three scenarios: one involving smallholders catching up to the production frontier, and two scenarios of agronomic innovations consisting in changes in level and application rate of nitrogen. Our results show a positive impact on the economy following an increase in maize yield and production efficiency under the different scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:298013&r=all |
| By: | Wehner, Nicholas (OCTO (Open Communications for The Ocean)); Klain, Sarah C.; Beveridge, Rachelle; Bennett, Nathan |
| Abstract: | Under appropriate conditions, community-based fisheries management can support sound resource stewardship, with positive social and environmental outcomes. Evaluating indigenous peoples’ involvement in commercial sea cucumber and geoduck fisheries on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada, we found that the current social-ecological system configuration is relatively ecologically sustainable according to stock assessments. However, the current system also results in perceived inequities in decision-making processes, harvesting allocations, and socioeconomic benefits. As a result, local coastal resource managers envision a transformation of sea cucumber and geoduck fisheries governance and management institutions. We assessed the potential robustness of the proposed institutions using Elinor Ostrom’s common-pool resource design principles. Grounded in the region’s legal, political, and historical context, our analysis suggests that greater local involvement in these invertebrate fisheries and their management could provide more benefits to local communities than the status quo while maintaining an ecologically sustainable resource. Our research highlights the importance of explicitly addressing historical context and equity considerations in social-ecological system analyses and when renegotiating the institutions governing common-pool resources. |
| Date: | 2018–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:5dyce&r=all |
| By: | Andam, Kwaw S.; Ragasa, Catherine; Asante, Seth B.; Amewu, Sena |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295827&r=all |
| By: | Rutoh, Linet Cherono; Otieno, David Jakinda; Oluoch-Kosura, Willis; Mureithi, Stephen; Gert, Nyberg |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295732&r=all |
| By: | Rasweswe, Constance; Oluwatayo, Isaac; Chaminuka, Petronella; Human, Taaibos |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295831&r=all |
| By: | Onuigbo, Iheanyi; Chinedu, Umeh Joseph; Orefi, Abu; Biam, C.K. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295730&r=all |
| By: | Georgieva, Daniela; Popova, Radostina |
| Abstract: | A main objective of the paper is to present the state, current trends and challenges in front of the enterprises in Bulgarian Forest sector, based on the introduction of digital tools and solutions in business and economy as a whole. A subject of analyses is the degree of digitisation of forest sector enterprises based on the implementation and use of online-based applications and electronic catalogs; specialized information and communication management systems and networks; office and warehouse management software. The indicators under analysis are divided into the following groups - "connectivity and digital skills"; "internal processes" and "relationship with customers, suppliers and third parties". In order to achieve comparability of the results, the selected indicators are the same as those officially used by Eurostat. For the purposes of the analysis, secondary and primary data are used as well as publications in the specialized literature, legislation framework and analyzes of statistical data from national and international databases. The paper presents primary results from in-depth interviews with management representatives from large forest industry enterprises, according to the requirements of the Bulgarian Accountancy Act (AA). Good digital practices in the furniture manufacturers are also presented, and some opportunities for development of the Forest industry entities are suggested. |
| Keywords: | digitisation; Forest sector; Forest industry; in-depth interviews; large enterprises |
| JEL: | Q00 Q16 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:96848&r=all |