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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2019‒09‒02
forty-four papers chosen by |
| By: | Alexandra Brausmann (ETH Zurich, Switzerland); Moritz Flubacher (Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Switzerland); Filippo Lechthaler (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | Changing climate and weather patterns have resulted in reduced agricultural productivity in some parts of the world and put pressure on global food security. Availability and improved quality of meteorological information is seen as a potentially propitious means of adaptation to changing climate conditions. Forecasts of extreme weather events are especially valuable in resource-poor settings where climate-related vulnerability is high, such as for smallholder farmers in the developing world. In this paper we provide estimates of frost warnings valuation in the context of small-scale quinoa production in the Peruvian Altiplano. We first present a detailed contextual assessment of quinoa production in the study region based on agrometeorological and socio-economic data that was obtained through a representative farm household survey conducted in December 2016. Building on this assessment, we propose a stochastic life-cycle model, replicating the lifetime cycle of a quinoa-producing household, in order to derive a theoretical valuation of frost warnings. Calibrating the model to our data we provide estimates of potential frost-warning valuation which are in the range of $30-50 per household and year, depending on the forecast accuracy and agents' risk aversion. In a last step, using the observational data from the farm household survey, we show that access to existing meteorological services is empirically associated with avoided losses in agricultural production that amount to $18 per average household and per year. Our findings point to high climate vulnerabilities of smallholders in the Peruvian Altiplano and potentially large welfare gains from incorporating improved meteorological services into their decision-making process. |
| Keywords: | Valuation, meteorological information, uncertainty, agriculture, quinoa farming, climate change |
| JEL: | C25 D81 H41 O13 Q12 Q16 Q51 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:19-324&r=all |
| By: | Nobuhiro Hosoe (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies,Tokyo, Japan); Yuko AkuneAuthor-X-Name-First: Yuko (Nihon University); |
| Abstract: | Manufacturing industries have attracted research attention regarding roles of firm heterogeneity and product differentiation in the gnew new trade theory. h Agricultural sectors also produce new goods by product differentiation through breeding, food processing, quality-upgrading, and branding. In reaction to the recent globalization, the Japanese government has sought strategies to promote its domestic agri-food sectors by means of product differentiation and export promotion. This computable general equilibrium study examines the relevance of these policies by simulating hypothetical trade liberalization in agriculture and/or food. We show that agricultural trade liberalization would not increase Japan fs agricultural exports but would increase food exports; and that food trade liberalization would promote food exports. Both types of liberalization would increase domestic production in agri-food sectors through agri-food linkages and variety effects. This finding affords evidence of the relevance of product differentiation strategy through food processing and exportation, but not of agricultural export promotion strategy. |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:18-21&r=all |
| By: | Muhammad Zeshan (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Jong-Hwan Ko (Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a dynamic CGE-Water (Gdyn-W) model to analyse the effectiveness of adaptation policies to climate change. In the model, water is introduced as an explicit primary factor of production used for irrigation purposes. For empirical analysis, we employ the latest GTAP database version 9 focusing on the South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Our simulation results revel that the domestic production in all the countries under analysis decreases after the temperature rises by 1 °C until 2040. However, such production losses can be reduced greatly by the adaptation policy to climate change. The costs associated with such a policy are marginal compared to the overall benefits from such a policy. |
| Keywords: | Water, CGE, Irrigation, Adaptation Policy, Climate Change |
| JEL: | C68 Q15 Q25 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2019:159&r=all |
| By: | Gerling, Charlotte; Wätzold, Frank |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a key threat for biodiversity. In order to mitigate this threat, ecologists suggest two conservation strategies: (1) enabling a species’ migration towards areas that will become suitable for the species as climatic conditions change and (2) creating climate refugia in which the species may persist even if the surrounding landscape is no longer climatically ideal. The policy instruments that could be used to implement these conservation strategies have so far not been evaluated comprehensively from an economic perspective. We develop a conceptual evaluation framework with the criteria ecological effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and dynamic incentives, which are criteria commonly applied in the economic analysis of environmental policy instruments. For each criterion, we develop of a set of specific evaluation criteria to assess policy instruments for species conservation under climate change. We apply the framework by conducting a conceptual analysis of three types of policy instruments – land purchases, offsets and conservation payments. A key finding of our analysis is that the degree to which a policy instrument is appropriate for species conservation depends strongly on the conservation strategy chosen. |
| Keywords: | ecological effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, dynamic incentives, enabling migration, climate refugia, habitat turnover, flexibility |
| JEL: | Q54 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–08–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95512&r=all |
| By: | Abedullah (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Shahzad Kouser (COMSATS University, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | In developing countries, vegetable markets are inefficient in terms of information exchanges between producers and consumers on food safety attributes. This study attempts to investigate the determinants of pesticide residues and estimate information efficiency of vegetable market, by using data collected from a representative sample of 360 farmers in Pakistani Punjab. Chromatography technique is employed to quantify pesticide residues in four common vegetables. Majority of the vegetable samples surpasses the maximum residues limits; hence, they are lemons (bad products). Results of pesticide residue model show that magnitudes of pesticide residues in vegetables vary with pesticide quantity and spray interval at the farm level. Results of information efficiency model reveal that vegetable prices are negatively but insignificantly correlated with pesticides residues, implying that vegetable market is a lemon market in Pakistan. Proper implementation of food safety standards and product labelling may help to provide safe vegetables to consumers. |
| Keywords: | Vegetables, Information Asymmetry, Lemons Market, Gas Chromatography, Pesticide Residues, Food Safety, Pakistan. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2019:167&r=all |
| By: | Rösemann, Claus; Haenel, Hans-Dieter; Dämmgen, Ulrich; Döring, Ulrike; Wulf, Sebastian; Eurich-Menden, Brigitte; Freibauer, Annette; Döhler, Helmut; Schreiner, Carsten; Osterburg, Bernhard; Fuß, Roland |
| Abstract: | The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2018 for the years 1990 - 2017. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on the international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years by the Thünen Institute working group on agricultural emission inventories, partly in cooperation with KTBL. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and laughing gas) have been taken into account. For the calculation of emissions from anaerobic digestion of animal manures and energy crops (including spreading of the digestate), the aforementioned working group developed, in cooperation with KTBL, a national methodology. [...] |
| Keywords: | emission inventory,agriculture,animal husbandry,agricultural soils,anaerobic digestion,energy crops,renewable primary products,greenhouse gases,air pollutants,methane,laughing gas,ammonia,particulate matter,Emissionsinventar,Landwirtschaft,Tierhaltung,landwirtschaftliche Böden,anaerobe Vergärung,Energiepflanzen,nachwachsende Rohstoffe,Treibhausgase,Luftschadstoffe,Methan,Lachgas,Ammoniak,luftgetragene Partikel,Staub |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtire:67&r=all |
| By: | Javed, Asif |
| Abstract: | Agriculture sector has major contributor towards GDP of Pakistan and also absorbs the extensive portion of labor force. It is observed from the examination of trade data from 2010 to 2017 that integration within South Asia is limited merely with Afghanistan and India while trade with Maldives and Nepal shows negligible figures. Agriculture exports can be increased by developing value chains and trade ties with countries towards which Pakistan has limited export volume. Further, to expand the agriculture exports Pakistan must also focus on export of animals and food products. Overall agriculture growth can be achieved by making public investment in basic inputs including water and seeds through which productivity can be increased. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Food products, Livestock, South Asia, Value chains, Exports |
| JEL: | O13 O20 O53 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95729&r=all |
| By: | Mark R. Rosenzweig; Junsen Zhang |
| Abstract: | Obesity is an important global health problem. Although obesity is not directly related to access to health care or constrained by resource deprivation, overweight status is predominantly found in poor, less-educated populations. This paper seeks to identify the causal role of schooling in affecting obesity among children and adolescents, using new estimation methods that exploit unique panel data on young twins in China. The estimates indicate that higher levels of schooling negatively affect being overweight and positively affect healthy behavior, with a large component of the causal effects due to increased information on the benefits of maintaining a healthy weight. There is also evidence that the higher-income associated with increased schooling increases incentives to invest in health. |
| JEL: | I12 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26089&r=all |
| By: | E. Grifell-Tatjé (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); C. A. K. Lovell (School of Economics and Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (CEPA) at The University of Queensland, Australia) |
| Abstract: | A primal (or direct) productivity index is conventionally defined as the ratio of an output quantity index to an input quantity index. There have been attempts in the literature to define and implement dual and indirect productivity indexes based on price changes rather than quantity changes. Although dual and indirect productivity indexes share a common motivation, the measurement of productivity change when prices are measured more accurately than quantities, they differ analytically, from one another and from primal productivity indexes. We introduce a new dual productivity index, based on contributions of Konüs and Shephard, and we compare our dual productivity index with a primal productivity index based on the work of Malmquist. We also compare these two theoretical productivity indexes with analogous empirical Fisher productivity indexes. We provide an empirical application to US agricultural productivity growth. |
| Keywords: | dual and primal productivity indexes, price distance functions, agricultural productivity |
| JEL: | D24 D33 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qld:uqcepa:140&r=all |
| By: | Lemeilleur, S.; Allaire, G. |
| Abstract: | Using the definition developed by Hess and Ostrom (2007), we consider the content of organic farming labels as a system of intellectual common-pool resources. Access to this resource is threatened by phenomena of enclosure and commodification. Third party certification, which is controlled by private competitive operators, is becoming the unique channel to gain legal access to public labels in many countries. However, the high cost of this certification may exclude a large part of the community at the origin of the resource – especially small diversified farmers. It also threatens resource renewal. In this article, we describe an alternative mechanism called participatory guarantee systems (PGS). Participatory certification is based on peer-review assessment (involving producers from the community), additional control mechanisms are also mobilized according to the context, in order to measure compliance with the standard’s specifications. PGS encourage producers to share knowledge, support ongoing learning processes and, thus, resource renewal. Drawing on design principles from Ostrom’s approach, we analyse ten PGS initiatives in the world – Nature et Progrès (France), Ecovida (Brazil), Certified Naturally Grown (United States), Organic Farm New Zealand, the Asociacion Nacional de Productores/as Ecologicos (Peru), Vietnam PGS, PGS India, Ngong Organic Farmer Association (Kenya), Good Market Organic PGS (Sri Lanka) and BioSPG du Conseil National de l'agriculture Biologique (Burkina Faso) – and discuss their robustness and sustainability. We demonstrate their relatively robustness in terms of self-organization and suggest that their current development in many countries contribute to a re-appropriation of the commons. ....French Abstract: En utilisant la définition développée par Hess et Ostrom (2007), nous considérons le contenu des labels d'agriculture biologique comme un système de ressources communes intellectuelles. L'accès à cette ressource est menacé par des phénomènes de privatisation et de marchandisation. La certification par tiers qui fait appel à des opérateurs privés indépendant est devenu le seul moyen d'accéder aux labels publics dans de nombreux pays. Cependant, le coût élevé de cette certification peut exclure une grande partie de la communauté à l'origine de la ressource - en particulier les petits agriculteurs diversifiés. Elle menace également le renouvellement de la ressource. Dans cet article, nous décrivons un mécanisme alternatif appelé système de garantie participative (SPG). La certification participative est d’abord basée sur une évaluation par les pairs (impliquant les producteurs de la communauté), des mécanismes de contrôle supplémentaires sont également mobilisés en fonction du contexte, afin de mesurer la conformité à la norme. Les SPG encouragent les producteurs à partager leurs connaissances, à appuyer les processus d'apprentissage continu et, par conséquent, à renouveler la ressource commune. En nous basant sur les principes de conception d'Ostrom, nous analysons dix initiatives de SPG dans le monde - Nature et Progrès (France), Ecovida (Brésil), Certified Naturally Grown (États-Unis), Organic Farm New Zealand, Asociacion Nacional de Productores/as Ecologicos (Pérou), Vietnam PGS, PGS India, Ngong Organic Farmer Association (Kenya), Good Market Organic PGS (Sri Lanka) et BioSPG du Conseil national de l'agriculture biologique (Burkina Faso). Nous démontrons leur relative robustesse en termes d'auto-organisation et suggérons que leur développement actuel dans de nombreux pays contribue à une réappropriation des communs. |
| Keywords: | ORGANIC FARMING; INTELLECTUAL COMMON-POOL RESOURCES; COMMUNITY-BASED CERTIFICATION; PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT; COMMONS; CASE STUDIES; AGRICULTURE BIOLOGIQUE; RESSOURCES COMMUNES INTELLECTUELLES; CERTIFICATION PARTICIPATIVE; COMMUNS; ETUDE DE CAS |
| JEL: | D02 O13 Q18 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umr:wpaper:201902&r=all |
| By: | Kahle, Christoph; Seifert, Stefan; Hüttel, Silke |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of information and search cost in the price formation in farmland markets. Using a comprehensive data set with more than 10,000 transactions between 2014–2017 in one of the eastern German Federal States, we estimate a two-tier model to capture price effects induced by asymmetrically distributed search cost between buyers and sellers. By relating these costs to the degree of professionalism, we can identify relative price effects and institutional sellers to sell at the lowest cost of being information deficient. No price differences can be indentified by contrasting farmers and non-farmers. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2019–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi19:292320&r=all |
| By: | Kappes, Alex; Marsh, Thomas L. |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290979&r=all |
| By: | Rudolf, Katrin |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291230&r=all |
| By: | Haque, Samiul; Akbar, Rushde |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290936&r=all |
| By: | Kanjilal, Kiriti; Arora, Gaurav |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290762&r=all |
| By: | Valdes-Donoso, Pablo; Sumner, Daniel A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290919&r=all |
| By: | Baffoe-Bonnie, Anthony; Kostandini, Genti |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291186&r=all |
| By: | Lee, Hanbin; Sumner, Daniel A. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290869&r=all |
| By: | Rolfe, John; Star, Megan L. |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291275&r=all |
| By: | Ifft, Jennifer E.; Jodlowski, Margaret C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290912&r=all |
| By: | Nusrat Abedin Jimi; Plamen Nikolov; Mohammad Abdul Malek; Subal Kumbhakar |
| Abstract: | Improving productivity among microenterprises is important, especially in low-income countries where market imperfections are pervasive, and resources are scarce. Relaxing credit constraints can increase the productivity of microenterprises. Using a field experiment involving agricultural microenterprises in Bangladesh, we estimated the impact of access to credit on the overall productivity of rice farmers and disentangled the total effect into technological change (frontier shift) and technical efficiency changes. We found that relative to the baseline rice output per decimal, access to credit resulted in, on average, approximately a 14 percent increase in yield, holding all other inputs constant. After decomposing the total effect into the frontier shift and efficiency improvement, we found that, on average, around 11 percent of the increase in output came from changes in technology, or frontier shift, while the remaining 3 percent was attributed to improvements in technical efficiency. The efficiency gain was higher for modern hybrid rice varieties, and almost zero for traditional rice varieties. Within the treatment group, the effect was greater among pure tenant and mixed-tenant microenterprise households compared with microenterprises that only cultivated their own land. |
| Keywords: | field experiment, microfinance, credit, Efficiency, productivity, farmers, South Asia |
| JEL: | E22 D20 H81 O12 O16 Q12 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hka:wpaper:2019-052&r=all |
| By: | Carter, Colin A. (Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics); Ferguson, Shon (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the impact of the 2012 removal of the Canadian Wheat Board’s (CWB) single-desk on the spatial pattern of durum wheat acres in Western Canada. We analyze changes in durum seeded acres with a panel regression and Census Agricultural Region data from 2004–2016. Our results indicate that removal of the CWB single-desk had a significant impact on total durum production in Western Canada. In addition, we find that the spatial distribution of durum wheat acres shifted towards drier areas, an improvement in the efficiency of resource allocation. |
| Keywords: | tate trading enterprises; Deregulation; Agricultural regulation; Comparative advantage |
| JEL: | L43 Q17 Q18 R12 R14 |
| Date: | 2019–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1297&r=all |
| By: | Wiatt, Renee D.; Marshall, Maria I. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290701&r=all |
| By: | Grant, Jared D.; Dorfman, Jeffrey H. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290938&r=all |
| By: | Richard Domurat; Isaac Menashe; Wesley Yin |
| Abstract: | We experimentally varied information mailed to 87,000 households in California's health insurance marketplace to study the role of frictions in insurance take-up. Reminders about the enrollment deadline raised enrollment by 1.3 pp (16 percent), in this typically low take-up population. Heterogeneous effects of personalized subsidy information indicate systematic misperceptions about program benefits. Consistent with an adverse selection model with frictional enrollment costs, the intervention lowered average spending risk by 5.1 percent, implying that marginal respondents were 37 percent less costly than inframarginal consumers. We observe the largest positive selection among low income consumers, who exhibit the largest frictions in enrollment. Finally, the intervention raised average consumer WTP for insurance by $25 to $54 per month. These results suggest that frictions may partially explain low measured WTP for marketplace insurance, and that interventions reducing them can improve enrollment and market risk in exchanges. |
| JEL: | D03 I11 I13 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26153&r=all |
| By: | Hong, Yeon A; Kim, Sang Hyo |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290947&r=all |
| By: | Alberto Chong (Department of Economics, Georgia State University, USA); Paul Haslam (University of Ottawa, Canada) |
| Abstract: | Using firm-level data for five countries in Latin America, we find a negative and statistically significant link between social conflict in rural areas and ownership of mines. We apply an instrumental variables approach and find that this link may be causal. The instrument employed is altitude of the mine location—which we claim is uncorrelated with the dependent variable, firm ownership—but is correlated with social conflict. This variable serves as an ideal instrument, as it complies with the exclusion restriction. Our results hold to a formal test of changes in specification. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper1909&r=all |
| By: | Yang, Tingyi; Dharmasena, Senarath |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290792&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Sanghyo; Hong, Yeon A |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290857&r=all |
| By: | Luo, Jinjing; Moschini, GianCarlo |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290997&r=all |
| By: | McFadden, Jonathan |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290890&r=all |
| By: | Kopp, Thomas; Sexton, Richard J. |
| Abstract: | Reducing buyer market power over agricultural suppliers is a key strategy to improve rural livelihoods in emerging economies. This paper focuses on implications of failure of a supply chain to coordinate vertically for farm incomes, with specific application to the Indonesian rubber industry. In the Jambi province production is mainly in the hands of smallholder farmers, who sell via spot transactions to a network of traders who in turn sell in spot exchanges to rubber processors. Processing is highly concentrated, and, whereas there are large numbers of rubber traders, evidence indicates that both traders and processors exercise oligopsony power, a classic problem of double marginalization. We estimate the extent of buyer market power in farmer-trader and trader-processor interactions and derive the welfare loss from double marginalization. We then explore the nature of this market failure and quantify the extent of welfare loss and redistribution away from farmers. We conclude by asking why the market has not addressed this failure through improved vertical coordination in the supply chain and discussing policy innovations to facilitate better coordination. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, International Development |
| Date: | 2019–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi19:292318&r=all |
| By: | Parvez, Rezwanul; Khan Chowdhury, Nazea H. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290699&r=all |
| By: | Lancaster, Nicholas; Torres, Ariana |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290848&r=all |
| By: | Risius, Antje; Spiller, Achim |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290867&r=all |
| By: | Tirkaso, Wondmagegn T.; Hailu, Atakelty G. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291180&r=all |
| By: | Kikuchi, Masao; Mano, Yukichi; Njagi, Tim; Merrey, Douglas; Otsuka, Keijiro |
| Abstract: | The main reason for the success of the 20th century Green Revolution in Asia was the development of large-scale irrigation projects. But, since the late 1990s, these investments were out of the development agenda, partly because the success of the Green Revolution reduced the need for such irrigation development and partly because the lower-than-expected performance of many large-scale irrigation projects resulted from difficulties in designing, constructing, operating, and managing large-scale irrigation schemes. This was the case in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as well. During the past decade, however, large-scale irrigation development seems to be coming back in SSA as a means to promote a Green Revolution there. This revival has evoked heated discussion as to whether the conditions that made the large-scale irrigation projects an infeasible option have been overcome. This paper examines whether large-scale irrigation construction in SSA is economically feasible by estimating how much it would cost if the Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya, one of the best performing irrigation schemes in SSA, were to be constructed today as a brand-new scheme. The results show that the new construction of the Mwea Scheme may be economically viable if the shadow price of rice is as high as the world price that prevailed during the mini-rice crisis in 2008-2013; however, the viability is marginal, by no means robust. The project costs per unit of beneficiary irrigated area of our 'Mwea Project' and a few 21st century large-scale irrigation projects under planning or under construction are two to four times higher than those of 20th-century counterparts. For such expensive projects to be economically viable, the agricultural performance of these projects must be two to four times higher as well, which means, in terms of rice yield, 9 t/ha/year to 20 t/ha/year. There is certainly untapped potential in SSA for large-scale irrigation development, either construction of new schemes or rehabilitation of the existing ones, but the economically feasible potential remains limited. International donor agencies and national governments wanting to plan large-scale irrigation projects are recommended to assess seriously whether their plan is economically and technologically feasible and indisputably superior to other types of irrigation development, many of which were not available during the construction boom in the 20th century but are available now. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-87&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Cherry; Kim, Kwansoo |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290913&r=all |
| By: | Mishra, Ashok K.; Pede, Valerien O. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291192&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Sanghyo; Heo, Seong-Yoon |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290755&r=all |
| By: | Zhong, Xiaoping; You, Jing |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290902&r=all |
| By: | Dakpo, K Hervé; Femenia, Fabienne |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291146&r=all |
| By: | Paula Pereda, Maria Alice Christofoletti, Shu Wen Ng,; Rafael Moreira Claro, Ana Clara Duran, Carlos Augusto Monteiro |
| Abstract: | Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with increased risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. In 2016, the World Health Organization recommended fiscal policies aiming at increasing SSB prices by at least 20% to reduce its consumption and the occurrence of these outcomes. Objective: To estimate the effects of a 20% price increase of SSB on consumption and welfare outcomes in Brazil. Design: Data from the 2008-09 National Household Budget Survey (HBS) were used to estimate price and income elasticities of consumption. We propose a two-step procedure. First, we estimate the unconditional price elasticities of food and non-food goods. Second, using a QUAIDS model, we build a system of demand equations for food groups. Welfare effects were estimated based on the change on utility and on the excess burden of the simulated tax policy. Results: We find that a 20% price increase in SSB price would lead to a 16.6% reduction on its consumption. The demand for unhealthy foods (SSB, processed and ultra-processed foods) is expected to decrease by 6.2%. The tax could generate US$ 61.3 million per month in government revenues, and the estimated short-term inefficiencies, or dead-weight losses are US$ 6 million per month. Average households would need to receive US$ 0.29 per week to become welfare neutral after the tax is implemented. Conclusions: Due to the potential high benefits of the policy, the proposed 20% tax might be cost-beneficial in Brazil. |
| Keywords: | Demand system; sugar-sweetened beverages; beverage tax; welfare analysis |
| JEL: | H20 I18 D12 |
| Date: | 2019–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2019wpecon33&r=all |
| By: | Hughes, David W.; Willis, David Brian |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291289&r=all |