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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2019‒03‒04
72 papers chosen by |
| By: | Adimassu, Zenebe; Langan, Simon; Barron, Jennie |
| Abstract: | This paper provides details of soil and water conservation (SWC) investments in Ethiopia over the past 20 years. It presents SWC practices and estimates the level of SWC investments in different regions. The paper focuses on four principal agricultural regions: Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR and Tigray. Primary and secondary data were collected for the analysis, and consultations were conducted at regional levels. Primary data on diverse SWC practices, their numbers and areal extent were obtained from the archives of regional Bureaus of Agriculture (BoAs). The results of this study show that several projects involving significant financial investment have been implemented to reverse land degradation and improve land productivity in Ethiopia since the 1970s. The list of projects is not comprehensive due to a lack of documentation at all levels, but it does provide some insights into the scale of SWC investments and implementation. The projects analyzed in the four regions fall into the following categories: farmland management, hillside management and gully rehabilitation practices, including check dams and cut-off drains. The analysis shows that these practices involved both paid and unpaid labor, together representing an estimated investment of more than ETB 25 billion (or approximately USD 1.2 billion) per year over the past 10 years. It is clear that large investments have been made in SWC activities in Ethiopia. However, the outcomes in terms of impact on yield and livelihood benefits are yet to be fully understood. A comprehensive assessment is needed to measure the impact of SWC activities on farmers’ livelihoods and the environment. A key recommendation arising from the analysis is that more data and information are needed on the successes and failures of SWC practices, which will assist stakeholders to better guide and target future projects and investments. An additional recommendation is to consider the biophysical and financial impact of soil erosion, both on and off farm. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Industrial Organization, Land Economics/Use, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2018–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:284236&r=all |
| By: | Dillon, Andrew (Michigan State University); Rao, Lakshman Nagraj (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | Agricultural statistics derived from remote sensing data have been used primarily to compare land use information and changes over time. Nonclassical measurement error from farmer self-reports has been well documented in the survey design literature primarily in comparison to plots measured using Global Positioning System (GPS). In this paper, we investigate the reliability of remotely sensed satellite data on nonrandom measurement error and on agricultural relationships such as the inverse land size–productivity relationship and input demand functions. In our comparison of four Asian countries, we find significant differences between GPS and remotely sensed data only in Viet Nam, where plot sizes are small relative to the other countries. The magnitude of farmers’ self-reporting bias relative to GPS measures is nonlinear and varies across countries, with the largest magnitude of selfreporting bias of 130% of a standard deviation (2.2-hectare bias) in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic relative to Viet Nam, which has 13.3% of a standard deviation (.008-hectare bias). In all countries except Viet Nam, the inverse land size–productivity relationship is upwardly biased for lower land area self-reported measures relative to GPS measures. In Viet Nam, the intensive margin of organic fertilizer use is negatively biased by self-reported measurement error by 30.4 percentage points. As remotely sensed data becomes publicly available, it may become a less expensive alternative to link to survey data than rely on GPS measurement. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; land measurement; remote sensing; survey methods |
| JEL: | O12 O13 Q12 Q15 |
| Date: | 2018–03–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0540&r=all |
| By: | Aparicio, Jesus; Tenza-Abril, Antonio; Borg, Malcolm; Galea, John; Candela, Lucila |
| Abstract: | Maltese agriculture faces great challenges due to the severe scarcity ofwater. Sufficientwater resources, in quantity and quality, are necessary to cover the demand in the production of wine grape, one of the most important crops in Maltese agriculture. But also, economic efficiency is essential in the grape cultivation. A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is defined for Maltese vineyards in the Siġġiewi region, considering two irrigation scenarios, irrigation with groundwater or “do-nothing”, comparedwith the “use non-conventional waters” from mixing water from a small desalination plant and groundwater. For the alternative ‘mixing desalinatedwater with groundwater’ it is possible to improve water availability and quality for vine crops, while increasing economic benefits for farmer. The results indicate a profitable project fromaminimumarea of 1 ha, but final benefit is highly dependent on the irrigated surface extension according to water price. Desalination, compared with other type of nonconventional water is considered the best option in this assessment with a small reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant (120 m3 /day) for covering the irrigation needs. |
| Keywords: | Cost Benefit Analysis Desalinated water Groundwater Vine crops Agricultural management |
| JEL: | Q01 Q14 Q16 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:92268&r=all |
| By: | Fernando M. Arag\'on (Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University); Francisco Oteiza (Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of Education); Juan Pablo Rud (Department of Economics, Royal Holloway, University of London and Institute of Fiscal Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how subsistence farmers respond to extreme heat. Using micro-data from Peruvian households, we find that high temperatures reduce agricultural productivity, increase area planted, and change crop mix. These findings are consistent with farmers using input adjustments as a short-term mechanism to attenuate the effect of extreme heat on output. This response seems to complement other coping strategies, such as selling livestock, but exacerbates the drop in yields, a common measure of agricultural productivity. Using our estimates, we show that accounting for land adjustments is important to quantify damages associated with climate change. |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1902.09204&r=all |
| By: | Svanidze, Miranda; Götz, Linde Johanna; Đurić, Ivan; Glauben, Thomas |
| Abstract: | We investigate wheat price relationships between the import-dependent countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus and the Black Sea wheat exporters to assess wheat market efficiency which is crucial for ensuring availability and access to wheat and for reducing food insecurity. Results of linear and threshold error correction models suggest strong influence of trade costs on market integration in Central Asia, while those costs are of minor importance in the South Caucasus. In particular, wheat trade in Central Asia is characterized not only by higher transportation costs but also unofficial payments play a large role. In addition, wheat price volatility is substantially higher in the wheat importing countries of Central Asia compared to the South Caucasus. To foster market functioning, wheat trade should be facilitated by policies reducing trade costs. This includes investments in grain market infrastructure, eliminating unofficial payments, but also resolving geopolitical conflicts. However, wheat trade in this region is characterized by large distances, low scope for import diversification and repeated export restrictions by Black Sea exporters. Therefore, trade enhancing policies should be complemented with policies increasing wheat self-sufficiency to enhance food security. |
| Keywords: | price transmission,wheat market integration,transportation costs,food security,Central Asia,the South Caucasus |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:183&r=all |
| By: | Jean-Marc MONTAUD |
| Abstract: | In Mali’s current context where the crops sector is particularly exposed and vulnerable to agricultural drought, this study assesses the economy-wide impacts of such events and the potential effectiveness of some adaptation strategies. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, we conduct counterfactual simulations of various scenarios accounting for different levels of intensity and frequency of droughts over a 15-year period. We first show how mild, moderate, and intense droughts currently experienced by the country affect its economic performances and considerably degrade its households’ welfare. We also show how these negative impacts could be aggravated in the future by the likely increased number of intense droughts threatened by global climate change. However, we finally show that there appears to be some room for Mali to manoeuvre in terms of drought-risk management policies, such as fostering the use of drought-tolerant crop varieties, improving drought early warning systems or extending irrigation capacities. |
| Keywords: | Climate variability, General Equilibrium, Agriculture, Food Security, Mali |
| JEL: | C68 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tac:wpaper:2018-2019_5&r=all |
| By: | Wachenheim, Cheryl J. |
| Abstract: | Today, the most widely-implemented land retirement program is the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), initiated with the passage of the Food Security Act of 1985 and reauthorized in all subsequent farm bills. It is a voluntary, long-term cropland diversion program under management of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Under contract, environmentally-sensitive land is voluntarily set aside in exchange for financial and technical assistance for ten or fifteen years. This paper investigates attitudes among Prairie Pothole Region landowners regarding conservation programs including the Conservation Reserve Program, factors important in conservation practice adoption and program participation decision making, and awareness of and participation in conservation programs. A strong majority of respondents supported landowner decision making on the use of private lands and compensation for choices benefiting the environment, and two-thirds agreed that current conservation programs are effective. Program-specific factors most important in the choice of conservation program participation included payment level and income guarantee. Maintenance requirements, ease of administration process, contract length and cost of converting land use were also considered important. Less important overall was land use flexibility, although this was important to those raising grazing livestock. Non-contract factors were also reported to be important including program effect on soil quality and erosion control, water quality, consistency with landowner views on land use, wildlife population, air quality, and weed pressure. Most respondents reported being satisfied with the CRP as it is currently employed, particularly the ease of administration, contract length, how rules are enforced, cost share, and maintenance requirements. Two-thirds reported being satisfied with permitted land-use options and 57% with the payment rate. Sixty-two percent of landowners agreed that practices required under the terms of CRP are a good fit for their land in the long run, although agreement was lower among livestock owners. Approximately half agreed that technical assistance provided by NRCS is adequate and that USDA requirements to enhance CRP covers to maintain long-term benefits to wildlife are reasonable. Only one-quarter of respondents agree that CRP rules are consistently enforced and that penalties for violations of CRP contract terms are excessive. Factors influencing attitudes include ownership of grazing livestock, participation in a conservation organization, CRP history, previous rejection of CRP contract bid, and working off farm. Thirteen percent of respondents with current CRP contracts would not re-enroll their land. Sixty-four percent would re-enroll all of their land or more. Among those that would not reenroll all land, the most common explanation for this was that they could earn better profits by growing crops. Thirty-eight percent of respondents have hayed or grazed their CRP-enrolled land during the last ten years. For the average respondent, the appropriate percentage reduction in annual payment if farmers were allowed to regularly graze or hay their CRP acres was 21.1%. Forty-two percent indicated a zero payment reduction was appropriate; 77% indicated a reduction of 25% or less. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nddaes:284163&r=all |
| By: | Krivonos, Ekaterina; Kuhn, Lena |
| Abstract: | In public and academic debates, the linkages between agricultural markets and nutrition across the world are vividly discussed. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate by analyzing the relationship between greater openness to trade and dietary diversity. It focuses on the post-communist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia where trade reforms as part of the economic and political transition provide a natural experiment for studying the effects of trade openness on agricultural markets and consumer behaviour. Reduction in trade barriers, for instance in the context of the accession to the WTO and the EU, and the gradual integration with world markets after 1991 had implications for diets through changes in production, prices and incomes. We utilize country-level panel data for 26 post-communist countries in the period 1996-2013 to assess the effects of trade costs, openness to trade and incomes on dietary diversity measured by the Shannon entropy index. The results arising from fixed effects and instrumental variables estimation are consistent with previous findings that income growth affects dietary diversity positively and provide novel evidence that trade barriers reduce variety of products available in domestic markets, in particular fruits and vegetables. |
| Keywords: | trade,nutrition transition,dietary diversity,post-communist countries,Eastern Europe |
| JEL: | D12 F13 Q11 Q18 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:182&r=all |
| By: | Otoo, Miriam; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Danso, G.; Amewu, Sena; Amirova, Iroda |
| Abstract: | The safe recovery of nutrients from our waste streams allows us to address the challenges of waste management and soil nutrient depletion conjointly. Commercialization of waste-based organic fertilizers such as FortiferTM (fecal sludge-based co-compost) has the potential to generate significant benefits for developing economies via cost recovery for the sanitation sector and the provision of an alternative agricultural input for smallholder farmers. To guide future FortiferTM businesses, this report presents examples of detailed market assessments, based on farmers’ perceptions, attitudes and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a pelletized and non-pelletized FortiferTM co-compost. The research was conducted in the Greater Accra and Western regions in Ghana, and in and around Kampala (Uganda), Bangalore (India), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Kurunegala (Sri Lanka). Cross-country analyses helped to understand the effects of market drivers and, where possible, capture lessons learned for knowledge sharing. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–02–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:284265&r=all |
| By: | Swartz, Alexander Ogden; Saghaian, Sayed; Mark, Tyler |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Marketing, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Production Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284312&r=all |
| By: | Blesilda M. Calub; Leila S. Africa; Bessie M. Burgos; Henry M. Custodio; Shun-Nan Chiang; Anna Gale C. Galvez; Elson Ian Nyl E. Galang; Maria Katrina R. Punto |
| Abstract: | School gardening has been increasingly popular in the past decade both in developed and developing countries. However, most school gardening projects focus on educational goals and aim to increase school children's knowledge of food systems and their acceptance of vegetable consumption. The School-Plus-Home Gardens Project (S+HGP), a collaboration among the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), and the Department of Education (DepEd) of the Philippines, district of Laguna, revived and redesigned DepEd's earlier school garden programs to an innovative approach focusing on nutrition, education, and economic well-being of school children, their families, and their communities. The S+HGP was piloted in six schools in the province of Laguna, Philippines with a model where harvests from the school gardens provided fresh vegetables for the school-based feeding program. The model also extended the gardening-feeding linkage to the establishment of food gardens in school children's homes. More than just establishing home gardens, the parents developed a greater sense of responsibility to ensure good nutrition for their children, while also saving on food expenses. It highlighted the multi-functionality of school gardens as learning laboratories for educating pupils, teachers, and parents about sustainability concepts and interconnections of food and nutrition, organic agriculture, edible landscaping, climate change, and solid waste management. Key project outcomes are discussed according to five categories, namely, socio-cultural, technical, economic/financial, environmental, and policy-institutional aspects. Mechanisms for sustaining and scaling up the initial success of the S+HGP were designed in a stepwise process, where the pilot schools took the lead to pay forward and share their knowledge with other schools, particularly, small schools in remote areas through intra-school and interdistrict networking. From the six original pilot schools in 2016, there are now two additional adopted schools, 23 sister schools, and three brother schools. |
| Keywords: | Philippines |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sag:seappr:2019:430&r=all |
| By: | Sepahvand, Mohammad H (Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This study is an empirical investigation of how individual risk attitudes influence the agricultural productivity of men and women in a sub-Saharan African country, Burkina Faso. By analyzing a large representative panel survey of farmers from 2014 and 2015, the results indicate lower productivity on female-owned plots. Controlling for various socio-economic factors, the results show that as the female farmers’ increase risk taking, the productivity of female-owned plots goes down. These results are robust regarding alternative specifications. However, productivity differences vary by the type of crop cultivated, the agro-ecological zone, the share of female farmers in the region, the soil quality, type of seed used, and between consumption quantiles when comparing the poorest to the richest 20 per cent of the farm households. The results indicate that female farmers do not increase their plot yield by taking more risk. It is argued that agricultural policy interventions in Burkina Faso need to be gender sensitized when addressing issues related to credit constraints, improved inputs, and policies that support increase in productivity. |
| Keywords: | risk attitudes; gender differences; agriculture; productivity; sub-Saharan Africa; Burkina Faso |
| JEL: | D13 D81 J16 Q12 |
| Date: | 2019–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:uunewp:2019_003&r=all |
| By: | Islam, Asadul; Ushchev, Philip; Zenou, Yves; Zhang, Xin |
| Abstract: | We develop a theoretical model in which adoption decisions are based on information received from others about the quality of a new technology and on their risk attitude. We test the predictions of this model using a field experiment in Bangladesh. We show that treated farmers who receive better training in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technology have more accurate information about this technology, and have a higher impact on the adoption rate of untreated farmers. We also find that untreated farmers that are more risk-averse tend to adopt less and are less influenced by their treated peers. Finally, a trained farmers' impact on his untrained peers increases if he himself adopts SRI technology. Our results indicate that the crucial determinant of technology adoption for untreated farmers is their degree of risk aversion and the accuracy and reliability of information transmission about the quality of technology circulated among farmers. |
| Keywords: | randomized controlled trial (RCT); risk attitude; Technology adoption |
| JEL: | O13 Z13 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13419&r=all |
| By: | Thanh Mai Ha (School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand and Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam); Shamim Shakur (School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand); Kim Hang Pham Do (School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand) |
| Abstract: | The concern about vegetable safety, together with a booming population and the rise of the middle class has made Vietnam become a potential market for organic vegetables. This paper investigates the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for organic vegetables in Hanoi, Vietnam with a particular attention to regional differences and the effect of risk perception. Using Contingent Valuation Method to analyze the data from a sample of 498 consumers in Hanoi, the paper shows that the perceived use values of organic vegetables, trust in organic labels, and disposable family income increased WTP for organic vegetables in both urban and rural regions. Though risk perception of conventional vegetables was high in both regions, such heightened risk perception just translated into the WTP in the rural region. In addition, the percentage of home-grown vegetables in the total vegetable consumption of the family influenced the WTP in the rural region only. Moreover, being an organic purchaser was positively related to the WTP in the urban region but not in the rural region. The paper also discusses three policy implications for Vietnam to boost the demand for organic food. |
| Keywords: | Willingness to pay, organic vegetables, food safety, rural-urban difference, Hanoi |
| JEL: | Q18 D12 I12 Q13 R22 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mas:dpaper:1808&r=all |
| By: | Pichhannaronk, Parkpoom; Daloonpate, Apichart; Sanglestsawai, Santi |
| Abstract: | This paper aimed to evaluate farmers’ preferences on condition attributes in a manufacturing pineapple sale contract. Data were collected from 300 pineapple farmers in Rayong province in the cropping season 2015 using paper-based questionnaires. Conjoint analysis model was employed to analyze the attribute ranking. Consequently, farmers were grouped by using cluster analysis in order to study attribute ranking for each group. The analytical results revealed that farmers’ preferences were affected respectively by coverage-crop insurance option, price option, contract quantity and input supply arrangement. Finally, the attribute set that was found to obtain the highest total utility included guaranteed minimum prices, total quantity purchase and partial coverage-crop insurance. The farmers were segmented in 2 groups due to their preferences. The first group of farmers mostly had their planted areas between 20-40 rais and attended at least one training program concerning agricultural knowledge. The most important attribute of the first group was coverage-crop insurance option. Most of the second-group farmers had a small area planted and never attended the training. The price option was the most importance attribute for the second group. The suggestion from this study was that farmers, pineapple manufacturers and related government sectors jointly set a reasonably minimum guaranteed price that is consistent to the cost of production. Moreover, coverage-crop insurance could be added in a manufacturing pineapple sale contact in order to increase the farmers' confidence in their production. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2017–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:kuaewp:284120&r=all |
| By: | Helen H. Jensen; Brent Kreider; Oleksandr Zhylyevskyy |
| Abstract: | USDA operates several food assistance programs aimed at alleviating food insecurity. We study whether participation in both SNAP and WIC alleviates food insecurity compared with participation in SNAP alone. We bound underlying causal effects by applying nonparametric treatment effect methods that allow for endogenous selection and underrepresented program participation when validation data are available for one program (treatment) but not the other. We estimate average treatment effects using data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS). FoodAPS includes administrative data to validate SNAP participation. Information on local food prices allows us to construct a food expenditure-based monotone instrumental variable that does not require a typical IV exclusion restriction. Under relatively weak monotonicity assumptions, we identify that the impact of participating in both programs relative to SNAP alone is strictly positive, suggesting that the programs are nonredundant. This evidence can support improved design and targeting of food programs. |
| JEL: | C21 H53 I38 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25587&r=all |
| By: | Napasintuwong, Orachos |
| Abstract: | Rice has been the main staple food and important to the economy of Thailand. As the country is becoming more developed toward industrialization, the contribution of agricultural sector including the rice sector becomes less to the GDP. Nevertheless, nearly 40 percent of the population depends on agriculture for their living and 70 per cent of them are in rice sector. As Thailand has sent the goal for Thailand 4.0 using advanced technology and smart farming to release itself from the middle income trap, this paper describes the historical background and current situations of Thai rice economy, and discussing its strategic plans to manage current challenges. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:kuaewp:284119&r=all |
| By: | Allison, John T.; Dillon, Carl R.; Burdine, Kenneth H. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284327&r=all |
| By: | Davis, Todd; Mark, Tyler |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284277&r=all |
| By: | Lazurko, Anita; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, M. A. |
| Abstract: | Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of domestic and agro-industrial waste has the potential to contribute to a number of financial, socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, despite these benefits and an increasing political will, there remain significant barriers to build the required up-front capital which is discouraging private sector engagement. A systematic analysis and understanding of the enabling environment, public and private funding sources, risk-sharing mechanisms and pathways for cost recovery can help to identify opportunities to improve the viability of RRR solutions. This report looks at regulations and policies that remove disincentives for RRR, public and private funding sources for capital and operational costs, risk mitigation options through blending and structuring finance, and options for operational cost recovery. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2018–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:284262&r=all |
| By: | Acharya, Ram N |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284309&r=all |
| By: | Napasintuwong, Orachos |
| Abstract: | Today Thailand is the second largest field crop seed exporter in Asia with maize contributing the highest value to seed exports. Hybrid maize is considerably adopted in Thailand mainly due to the demand from feed industry and development of livestock and poultry industry. The success of varietal development of commercial maize hybrids is owed to the investments of international donors during the 1980s and continuous breeding efforts of multinational seed companies even as public institutions played a key role in maintaining genetic resources conservation and pre-commercial lines research. This paper reviews the history of research and development in maize and maize seed market development in Thailand. Furthermore, expert elicitation method is used to reveal the adoption of commercial maize varieties in 2013/2014 cropping seasons. The results of adopted maize varieties were used to estimate market shares and suggested that maize seed market in Thailand is moderately concentrated with tendencies towards oligopolistic competition. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2017–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:kuaewp:284039&r=all |
| By: | Thayer, Anastasia; Martinez, Charley; Benavidez, Justin; Anderson, David |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284311&r=all |
| By: | Ebadi, Nasim; Bosch, Darrell; White, Robin |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284337&r=all |
| By: | Durante, Anna Christine (Asian Development Bank); Lapitan, Pamela (Asian Development Bank); Megill, David (Asian Development Bank); Rao , Lakshman Nagraj (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | Traditional sampling strategies for paddy rice statistics rely on outdated list frames, incomplete holding information, or administrative data that are prone to numerous biases. The objective of this study is to test the utility of an area frame developed using remote sensing data in three pilot provinces— Savannakhet (Lao People’s Democratic Republic), Ang Thong (Thailand), and Thai Binh (Viet Nam). Direct estimates of total paddy rice area and production are calculated from area frame using two methods––one involving measurement of plot size using a Global Positioning System instrument and the other utilizing a digitized map of farmer-identified plot boundaries on a high-resolution Google Earth image. A third method involving the calculation of ratio estimates using independent mesh-level measures is compared with the first two methods involving direct estimates, and with the estimates generated from administrative data from the countries. Our study finds that ratio estimation significantly improves the level of precision of paddy rice statistics. Substantial deviations are also observed between official statistics and the statistics generated through direct estimation. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; sampling methods |
| JEL: | C83 O13 Q19 |
| Date: | 2018–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0565&r=all |
| By: | Yeboah, Osei; Shaik, Saleem; Lee, Sung-Jin; Musah, Jamal |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284320&r=all |
| By: | Khanal, Aditya; Tegegne, Fisseha; Li, Lan; Goetz, Stephen; Han, Yicheol; Tubene, Stephen; Wetherill, Andy |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284295&r=all |
| By: | Hancock, Guy Albritton; Liu, Yangxuan; Smith, Amanda R.; Plastina, Alejandro |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284321&r=all |
| By: | Dias, Mateus (Princeton University); Rocha, Rudi (São Paulo School of Business Administration); Soares, Rodrigo R. (Columbia University) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the impact of glyphosate use in agriculture on birth outcomes of human populations in surrounding areas. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Still, despite ongoing controversy, little is known about its effects on human populations at large. Our empirical strategy relies on the fact that glyphosate is strongly complementary to the use of genetically modified seeds in soybean production. We use an instrument based on the gains in productivity from adoption of genetically modified soybeans and look at externalities across municipalities sharing the same water resources. We detect negative and statistically significant effects of glyphosate use on birth outcomes. Our results indicate externality effects of glyphosate use on populations distant from the original locations of use, but receiving water from these locations. |
| Keywords: | glyphosate, herbicides, birth outcomes, infant mortality, water, externalities |
| JEL: | I18 Q53 Q15 O33 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12164&r=all |
| By: | Napasintuwong, Orachos |
| Abstract: | Thailand’s rice has set a supreme quality standard in the world market. Seed is one of the important factors contributing to good quality grains. As the competition for quality rice in the world market is becoming intensive, rice seeds play a significant role not only to ensure food and income security but also to retain quality and competitiveness of Thai rice in the world market. This paper reviews policies and regulations related to rice seed industry in Thailand, current situations of rice seed system, the supply and demand of rice seeds, and implications for future rice seed industry development. It is found that some of current regulations and business environment do not create much incentive for investments for the private sector. The imports and exports of rice seeds are practically prohibited. Thus, most of existing rice seeds in the market comprise of mainly public varieties produced by formal seed sector with a few exceptions of privately developed varieties by Thai companies, farmers’ groups and research institutes. None of the foreign stakeholders is in rice seed industry in Thailand presently. As seed producers do not hold exclusive rights to reproduce public varieties, and because all of the varieties are not hybrids, informal seed system is the major source of rice seeds. The systems of rice seed suggest that formal and informal systems can be integrated and linkages between both systems should create incentives for business opportunities. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2018–08–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:kuaewp:284028&r=all |
| By: | Mohamed Boly (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Aïcha Sanou (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | We analyze food security effects of biofuel production by using the synthetic control method. This retrospective and graphical analysis focuses on Indonesia and Mexico from 2000 to 2013. Indonesia is a major biodiesel producer while Mexico is specialized in maize and ethanol. Our findings show that biodiesel production positively affects food security through the increase in daily per capita energy consumption and food production index, but we observe the reverse effect for bioethanol. After the adoption of biofuels, the gap between Indonesia and its counter-factual allows us to conclude that biodiesel production does not harm food security. This could be explained by the fact that biodiesel production uses some feedstocks which do not directly compete with food crops; moreover, biodiesel exports generate revenues which are allocated to food imports. However, the gap between Mexico and its counter-factual suggests that bioethanol production leads to a reduction in food security, this because it uses maize which is the staple food of many Mexicans. Furthermore, Mexican ethanol exports compete with that of the U.S. Our results are robust to several falsification tests. |
| Keywords: | Food security,Biofuels,Impact assessment |
| Date: | 2019–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-02019497&r=all |
| By: | Regmi, Hari P |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284308&r=all |
| By: | Moon, Wanki |
| Keywords: | International Development, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284287&r=all |
| By: | Ellis, Robert; Mark, Tyler; Shockley, Jordan |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284344&r=all |
| By: | Hawkins, Bailee Nicole; Vassalos, Michael; Motallebi, Marzieh |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Marketing, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284328&r=all |
| By: | V. Kerry Smith; Ben Whitmore |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the first, comprehensive evidence on the question of whether the subsidized flood insurance rates are needed to meet the affordability goal of the National Flood Insurance Program. We use IRS records at the zip code level from 2009 to 2016 to compare the real median incomes of homeowners in areas subject to flooding risks to those homeowners in neighboring zip codes. Our analysis includes all of the Gulf Coast states and over 1000 other communities around the United States containing FEMA designated Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA). There are clear patterns of positive income stratification for coastal locations in Florida, New Jersey, and New York. We also find lower income for coastal locations in California, North Carolina, as well as the shoreline along rivers identified as in SFHA in Delaware, and Virginia fit this pattern. |
| JEL: | D31 H2 H84 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25580&r=all |
| By: | Giulietti, Monica (Loughborough University); Otero,Jesus (Universidad del Rosario); Waterson, Michael (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | We assess the extent of inertia in grocery retail prices using data on prices and costs from a large supermarket chain in Colombia. Relative to previous work our analysis benefits from the daily frequency of the data and the availability of reliable replacement cost data. We uncover evidence supporting the existence of significant nominal rigidities in reference prices (three months) and even more so in reference costs (about five months). There is evidence that the price and cost rigidities differ depending on the type of product, being on average smaller in the case of perishable goods. Using an Error Correction Model framework, we examine the path of prices relative to costs, to determine the speed of adjustment of prices to shocks. |
| Keywords: | nominal rigidities ; prices ; costs ; grocery trade ; error correction |
| JEL: | C32 E31 L11 L81 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1187&r=all |
| By: | Aarnoudse, E.; Closas, Alvar; Lefore, Nicole |
| Abstract: | Building on existing literature and the analysis of a portfolio of development projects (past and under implementation), this paper reviews the evolution of water user associations (WUAs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), reflecting on the conceptualization of how they operate, and the promised outcomes related to irrigation development, and the efficient and effective delivery of irrigation services. It also moves one step further from existing studies on WUAs, postulating that additional reflection is needed to understand the limitations of WUAs and proposes alternative, viable and context-based adapted models. This need is particularly strong in SSA where irrigation is incipient, and governments and donors are still consolidating their development approaches. Whereas a growing body of international literature takes into account the sociopolitical context of decentralized irrigation management, practical indication on what remains to be done to address the various limitations found in SSA stays meagre and scattered. The objective of this paper is not to challenge the myth of WUAs but to learn how to better deliver on the promised outcomes. The underlying message is that, if the SSA region is to be made water and food secure while respecting resource sustainability, community development, livelihoods and equality of resource access, the recurrent templates for WUA management and governance need to be revisited and adapted to local needs. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:284166&r=all |
| By: | Akande, Emmanuel Omotayo; Adams, Damian; Stefanou, Spiro |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics, Risk & Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284341&r=all |
| By: | Calil, Yuri; Ribera, Luis; Anderson, David; Koury, William |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284307&r=all |
| By: | Noumir, Ashraf; Langemeier, Michael |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Agribusiness, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284306&r=all |
| By: | Beznoska, Martin |
| Abstract: | Whether couples pool their resources and behave like a unit or spend their income individually is crucial for social and tax policy. In this paper, I provide a test of the income pooling hypothesis using administrative cross-sectional survey data on expenditures and individual incomes of couple households in Germany. The test is performed within the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) framework, which allows for an endogenous expenditure budget and endogenous individual income contribution shares in an instrumental variables approach. Although the hypothesis is broadly rejected, there are significant differences regarding the marital status, the presence of at least one child in the household and whether the household is located in a former West or East German federal state. Married couples and couples with children are closer to the acceptance of the hypothesis than unmarried couples without children. |
| Keywords: | Income Pooling,Intra-Household Allocation,Consumer Demand,QUAIDS |
| JEL: | D12 D13 H24 J12 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fubsbe:20193&r=all |
| By: | van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B. |
| Abstract: | In recent decades, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have pursued national water permit systems, derived from the colonial era and reinforced by “global best practice.” These systems have proved logistically impossible to manage and have worsened inequality in water access. A new study conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and Pegasys Institute, with support from the UK government, traces the origins of these systems, and describes their implementation and consequences for rural smallholders in five countries – Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The authors of this report propose a hybrid water use rights system to decolonize Africa’s water law, lighten the administrative burden on the state and make legal access to water more equitable. This would strengthen smallholder irrigation, which is vital for boosting Africa’s food production and making it more resilient in the face of worsening drought. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Political Economy |
| Date: | 2018–02–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:284242&r=all |
| By: | Neuhofer, Zachary T.; McFadden, Brandon R.; Khachatryn, Hayk; Rihn, Alicia; Wei, Xuan |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284279&r=all |
| By: | Purdy, Rachel; Langemeier, Michael |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284276&r=all |
| By: | Yeboah, Anthony; Owens, John Paul; Bynum, Jarvetta; Quaicoe, Obed |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284288&r=all |
| By: | Lee, Juhee; Hendricks, Nathan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk & Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284332&r=all |
| By: | Gregory, Evan James; Li, Xiaofei |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284315&r=all |
| By: | Regmi, Madhav; Briggeman, Brian; Featherstone, Allen |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics, Risk & Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284310&r=all |
| By: | Minegishi, Kota; Jette-Nantel, Simon |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Production Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284298&r=all |
| By: | Shagaida, Natalia (Шагайда, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Uzun, Vasiliy (Узун, Василий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The report examines structural changes in agriculture in the post-reform period, assesses these changes; It is shown that privatization, de-collectivization, holding, agro-industrial integration, concentration of land and capital had a positive impact on industry growth rates and labor productivity. However, there are negative phenomena. The increase in the share of agricultural holdings leads to a decrease in the rural population and agricultural employment in the region, and the share of people employed in low-productivity farms is growing in the structure of agricultural holdings. Unequal access to state subsidies creates advantages for a separate circle of companies, and the growth of profitability in them does not correlate with the growth of employees' income: their share decreases with an increase in the share of owners and the state. The paper formulates proposals for improving the structural policy in the agricultural sector of Russia and the subjects of the Russian Federation. |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:021905&r=all |
| By: | Rehber, Erkan |
| Abstract: | Impersonal and open-market transactions between actors in traditional agro-food systems based on price signals are replaced by rather controlled impersonal vertical coordination such as contract farming, because of the changes in market structure, consumer preferences and attitudes, technological improvements, and food safety issues. Recent sophisticated ideas like environmentally sound, sustainable agriculture, standards and regulations related to environment and health care are among the forces behind the fast growing of contractual relationship. Contract farming displays great variety in practice. The form it takes, attitudes and approaches of the partners are affected mainly by availability of other alternatives and the political, economic, and social structures at the local and national level, along with the specifications of the product. When evaluating contract farming applications and their outcomes in practice, it will be more illustrative to consider contractual arrangements in two main types as private contract arrangements and contract farming schemes. While the aims and the structure are almost similar, there are some important differences in detail. There are national and regional differences that have to be considered in related analysis and evaluations. Even though contractual relationship of the advanced agro-food system has many advantages, it also has inherent and implementation problems. The main problem is the weak position of the farmers in the contractual arrangements both in developed and developing world that is called as bargaining problem. Contract farming is not a panacea to solve all related problems of agricultural production and marketing systems. However, this way of coordination could be evaluated as a way of providing easier access production inputs and product market for the small-scale farmers. Contract farming also contributes to the development of a sound food industry. It might also be seen as a way toward or as a part of rural development and can be promoted to improve agricultural performance, especially in the Third World Countries. Contractual relationships are not only a distinctive feature of highly industrialized agro-food systems, but also a way of establishing an industrialized and developed structure. But, to obtain the advantages of contract farming, the necessary measures must be taken to trade off those disadvantages, such as the exploitation of small farmers and natural resources by domestic and foreign corporations and multinationals. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ucozfr:284164&r=all |
| By: | Poghosyan, Armine; Bakhtavoryan, Rafael; Lopez, Jose; Ogunc, Asli |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284267&r=all |
| By: | McArthur, Travis |
| Keywords: | International Development, Production Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284343&r=all |
| By: | Quanxi Wang |
| Abstract: | With the widespread engineering applications ranging from artificial intelligence and big data decision-making, originally a lot of tedious financial data processing, processing and analysis have become more and more convenient and effective. This paper aims to improve the accuracy of stock price forecasting. It improves the support vector machine regression algorithm by using grey correlation analysis (GCA) and improves the accuracy of stock prediction. This article first divides the factors affecting the stock price movement into behavioral factors and technical factors. The behavioral factors mainly include weather indicators and emotional indicators. The technical factors mainly include the daily closing data and the HS 300 Index, and then measure relation through the method of grey correlation analysis. The relationship between the stock price and its impact factors during the trading day, and this relationship is transformed into the characteristic weight of each impact factor. The weight of the impact factors of all trading days is weighted by the feature weight, and finally the support vector regression (SVR) is used. The forecast of the revised stock trading data was compared based on the forecast results of technical indicators (MSE, MAE, SCC, and DS) and unmodified transaction data, and it was found that the forecast results were significantly improved. |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1902.08938&r=all |
| By: | Avila-Santamaria, Jorge Jair; Useche, Maria del Pilar |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Productivity Analysis, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284294&r=all |
| By: | Adkins, Kevin Ray; Boyer, Christopher N.; Smith, S. Aaron; Griffith, Andrew P.; Muhammad, Andrew |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284268&r=all |
| By: | Sonko, Ebrima; Florkowski, Wojciech; Agodzo, Sampson; Antiwe-Agyei, Phillip |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284275&r=all |
| By: | Salifu, Abdul Wahab; Gedikoglu, Haluk; Parcell, Joseph |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284274&r=all |
| By: | Feuz, Ryan; Norwood, F. Bailey; Ramanathan, Ranjith |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284283&r=all |
| By: | Yang, Bixuan; Asche, Frank; Anderson, James L. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284335&r=all |
| By: | Ibrahim, Mohammed; Pattanaik, Nalini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284318&r=all |
| By: | Sellars, Sarah C.; Thompson, Nathanael M.; Wetzstein, Michael E.; Bowling, Laura C.; Cherkauer, Keith A.; Frankenberger, Jane R.; Prokopy, Linda S. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284271&r=all |
| By: | Brañas-Garza, Pablo; Cabrales, Antonio; Mateu, Guillermo; Sánchez, Angel; Sutan, Angela |
| Abstract: | We study experimentally the impact of pre-play social interactions on negotiations. These interactions are often complex. Thus, we attempt to isolate the impact of several of its more common components: conversations, food, and beverages, which could be alcoholic or nonalcoholic. To do this, our subjects take part in a standardized negotiation (complex and simple) under six conditions: without interaction, interaction only, and interactions with water, wine, water and food and wine and food. We find that none of the treatments improve the outcomes over the treatment without interactions. We also study trust and reciprocity in the same context. For all-male groups, we find the same lack of superiority of interaction treatments over no interaction. For all-female groups, some very simple social interactions have a positive impact on trust. |
| Keywords: | business meals; negotiation; Social interactions; Trust |
| JEL: | C91 I18 M11 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13417&r=all |
| By: | Adeeba Ishaq (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Mahmood Khalid (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Eatzaz Ahmad (Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | Per capita dietary energy supply exceeds per capital dietary energy consumption in Pakistan. Almost half of its population is reported food insecure in various studies. Whether this high incidence of food insecurity persists in the country or not is understudied particularly when food security is measured from access (physical and economic) to food. This study bridges this literature gap. Using household expenditure survey based method to measure dietary energy consumption at household level as a measure of food security, it finds out region wise and quintile-wise trends in incidence of food insecurity in Pakistan during 2004-16. Seven rounds of HIES conducted during 2004-16 are used for analysis. Results show food insecurity trends are fluctuating at national and sub-national levels in Pakistan. It is increasing during 2004-08 and 2011-14 while decreasing during 2009-10 and 2014-16. Increasing trend is found in food insecurity at points in time where natural (earthquake and floods) or manmade (food price crisis, conflict) affected different areas of the country. Households’ expenditure quintile-wise trends of food insecurity show that bottom quintile has stable and high incidence of food insecurity. Second and third quintiles also have high level food insecurity. Additionally, these quintiles show high vulnerability to various shocks affecting their purchasing power. Lower but stable incidence of food insecurity in top quintile shows that apart economic aspects, food security has non-economic aspects as well like nutrition awareness/education. Provincial analysis show incidence of food insecurity is highest in Sindh and Balochistan while lowest in KPK. From our analysis it is implied that social safety nets and emergency relief efforts by government though protect food insecure population against shocks; they are not sustainable solutions. It is implied from trends analysis that sustainable solutions to protect both physical and economic access to food are required in Pakistan to cut hunger to lower levels and reduce people vulnerability to various shocks. |
| Keywords: | Food Insecurity, Minimum Dietary Energy Consumption and Requirement, Calories, Pakistan, Urban, Rural, Punjab Sindh, Balochistan, KPK |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2018:157&r=all |
| By: | François Perruchas (INGENIO [CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia], Spain); Davide Consoli (INGENIO [CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia], Spain); Nicolò Barbieri (University of Ferrara, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper elaborates an empirical analysis of the temporal and geographical distribution of green technology, and on how specific country characteristics enable or thwart environmental inventive activities. Using patent data on 63 countries over the period 1970-2012 we identify key drivers of cross-country diversification and specialization. Our first finding is that countries diversify towards green technologies that are related to their existing competences. Notably, the maturity of the green technology matters more than the level of development of each country. The second main result is that countries move along cumulative paths of specialization, and towards more complex green technologies. Interestingly, the complexity of green technologies is not an obstacle to further specialisation. The latter holds also for developing countries that are most exposed to climate change hazards. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Technology; Technological diversification; Technological specialisation |
| JEL: | O14 O33 Q55 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2019-07&r=all |
| By: | Omobitan, Omobolaji; Khanal, Aditya; Honey, Ummey |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284282&r=all |
| By: | Zhu, Yunzhe |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284281&r=all |
| By: | Raine, Tyler Joseph; Miller, Frannie |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284342&r=all |
| By: | Don Fullerton; Chi L. Ta |
| Abstract: | To clarify and interpret the workings of a large computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of environmental policy in the U.S., we build an aggregated Cobb-Douglas (CD) model that can be solved easily and analytically. Its closed-form expressions show exactly how key parameters determine the sign and size of effects from a large new carbon tax on emissions, revenue, prices, output, and welfare. Data and parameters from the detailed, dynamic CGE model of Goulder and Hafstead (2018) are used in the CD model to calculate results that can be compared with theirs. Results from the CD model track those from the large CGE model quite closely, even though the CD model omits much detail such as the number of sectors, intermediate inputs, and international trade. A CGE model is quite useful to generate detailed numerical results and to reflect on particular aspects of environmental policy, but the simpler CD model provides a transparent view of exactly how the policy affects key outcomes. |
| JEL: | H23 Q28 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25582&r=all |
| By: | Kolady, Deepthi E.; Wang, Tong; Ulrich-Schad, Jessica; Zhang, Weiwei |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284336&r=all |
| By: | Xu, Yuelu; Bosch, Darrell |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea19:284272&r=all |