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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2018‒01‒22
nineteen papers chosen by |
| By: | Haider, Adnan; Zaidi, Masroor |
| Abstract: | The study examines the changes in household consumption patterns in Pakistan based on eleven composite food groups. The analysis is based on micro level survey dataset, Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) with seven consecutive rounds spanning over the period 2000-01 till 2013-14. Along with differences in consumption and calorie bundles, variations in household’s response to change in prices and income have also been estimated. Empirical results based on Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) support the hypothesis that food consumption patterns are not only different across regions but are also different among provinces. Despite the increase in availability of food items and increased per capita income, average calories intake per adult equivalent in the country is still less than 2350 Kcal benchmark. It is estimated that, thirty percent of children under age 5 are underweight, forty-five percent are stunted, eleven percent are wasted and thirty percent are underweighted. The overall scenario may increase vulnerability to poverty, countrywide disease burdens and lower productivity. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption Patterns; QUAIDS; Non-linear Engel Curves; Elasticities |
| JEL: | C31 I12 O12 Q11 |
| Date: | 2017–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83522&r=agr |
| By: | Chaoran Chen; Diego Restuccia; Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis |
| Abstract: | We assess the role of land markets on factor misallocation in Ethiopia—where land is owned by the state—by exploiting policy-driven variation in land rentals across time and space arising from a recent land certification reform. Our main finding from detailed micro data is that land rentals significantly reduce misallocation and increase agricultural productivity. These effects are nonlinear across farms—impacting more those farms farther away from their efficient operational scale. The effect of land rentals on productivity is 70 percent larger when controlling for non-market rentals—those with a pre-harvest rental rate of zero. Land rentals significantly increase the adoption of new technologies, especially fertilizer use. |
| JEL: | E02 O11 O13 O55 Q1 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24034&r=agr |
| By: | Cherchye, Laurens; De Rock, Bram; Griffith, Rachel; O'Connell, Martin; Smith, Kate; Vermeulen, Frederic |
| Abstract: | We document considerable within-person (over time) variation in diet quality that is not fully explained by responses to fluctuations in the economic environment. We propose a two-selves model that provides a structural interpretation to this variation, in which food choices are a compromise between a healthy and an unhealthy self, each with well-behaved preferences. We show that the data are consistent with this model using revealed preference methods. The extent of self-control problems is higher among younger and lower income consumers, though this is overstated if we do not control for responses to fluctuations in the economic environment. Our results are intuitively related to stated attitudes on self-control. |
| Keywords: | revealed preferences; Self-Control; Two-selves model |
| JEL: | C14 D12 D90 I12 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12499&r=agr |
| By: | Ivlevs, Artjoms (University of the West of England, Bristol) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of the 2008–09 global economic crisis on people's pro-environmental behaviour and willingness to pay for climate change mitigation. We hypothesise that the crisis has affected pro-environmental behaviours through tightening of budget constraints and relaxation of time constraints. Using data from a large representative survey (Life in Transition II), conducted in 35 European and Central Asian countries in 2010, we find that people adversely affected by the crisis are more likely to act in an environmentally-friendly way, but less likely to be willing to pay for climate change mitigation. Our findings confirm the importance of time and budget constraints for undertaking pro-environmental action, and highlight a potentially positive role of adverse, external welfare shocks in shaping pro-environmental behaviour. |
| Keywords: | willingness to pay for climate change mitigation, pro-environmental behaviour, adverse welfare shocks, global economic crisis, transition economies |
| JEL: | G01 P28 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11133&r=agr |
| By: | Hunt Allcott; Rebecca Diamond; Jean-Pierre Dubé |
| Abstract: | We study the causes of “nutritional inequality”: why the wealthy tend to eat more healthfully than the poor in the U.S. Using two event study designs exploiting entry of new supermarkets and households' moves to healthier neighborhoods, we reject that neighborhood environments have economically meaningful effects on healthy eating. Using a structural demand model, we find that exposing low-income households to the same food availability and prices experienced by high-income households would reduce nutritional inequality by only 9%, while the remaining 91% is driven by differences in demand. In turn, these income-related demand differences are partially explained by education, nutrition knowledge, and regional preferences. These findings contrast with discussions of nutritional inequality that emphasize supply-side issues such as food deserts. |
| JEL: | D12 I12 I14 L81 R20 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24094&r=agr |
| By: | Colin Hottman; Ryan Monarch |
| Abstract: | Using supplier-level trade data, we estimate the effect on consumer welfare from changes in U.S. imports both in the aggregate and for different household income groups from 1998 to 2014. To do this, we use consumer preferences which feature non-homotheticity both within sectors and across sectors. After structurally estimating the parameters of the model, using the universe of U.S. goods imports, we construct import price indexes in which a variety is defined as a foreign establishment producing an HS10 product that is exported to the United States. We find that lower income households experienced the most import price inflation, while higher income households experienced the least import price inflation during our time period. Thus, we do not find evidence that the consumption channel has mitigated the distributional effects of trade that have occurred through the nominal income channel in the United States over the past two decades. |
| Keywords: | Import price index ; Non-homotheticity ; Real income inequality ; Product variety ; Markups |
| JEL: | D12 E31 F14 |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgif:1220&r=agr |
| By: | Cornelius Christian (Department of Economics, Brock University) |
| Abstract: | I find that favourable temperatures predict more witchcraft trials in Early Mod- ern Scotland (1563-1727), a largely agricultural economy. During this time, witchcraft was a secular crime, and it was incumbent on local elites to commit resources to trying witches. My main empirical specification survives various robustness checks, including accounting for outliers. Turning to mechanisms, I find that positive price shocks to export-heavy, taxable goods predict more witch trials, while price shocks to Scotland’s main subsistence commod- ity, oats, do not. This is consistent with the explanation that as elite income increased, more resources were devoted to witchcraft prosecutions; I cite anecdotal evidence that a different proceeding, sexual trials in Aberdeen, experienced a similar trend. |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:brk:wpaper:1801&r=agr |
| By: | Akira Okada (Kyoto University) |
| Abstract: | We present a non-cooperative sequential bargaining game for side payments contracting. Players voluntarily participate in negotiations. If any player does not participate, then renegotiation will take place in the next round, given an on-going contract. We show that if the stop- ping probability of negotiations is sufficiently small, then there exists an efficient Markov perfect equilibrium where all players immediately par- ticipate in negotiations and agree to the Nash bargaining solution. The efficiency result is strengthened by the asymptotically efficient one that in every Markov perfect equilibrium, all players participate in negotia- tions through a process of renegotiations in the long run with probability one. Finally, we illustrate international negotiations for climate change as an application of the result. |
| Keywords: | Coase theorem, contract, efficiency, externality, Nash bar- gaining solution, non-cooperative bargaining, side payments |
| JEL: | C71 C72 C78 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kyo:wpaper:983&r=agr |
| By: | Dellaert, B.G.C. |
| Abstract: | New digital technologies not only support consumers in better fulfilling their own consumption needs, but also enable them to create greater value for other consumers. These new consumer co- production activities, collectively referred to as the sharing economy, require firms to rethink their role in the marketing value creation process. In particular, firms need to find new ways to create value for consumers who are also becoming producers. To address this challenge, we propose a two-layered conceptual framework of consumer co-production networks and the individual consumer production journeys therein. These concepts expand the traditional production model and consumer journey, respectively, explicitly taking into account consumer co-production activities in the value creation process. Within this framework, we draw on institutional design theory and household production theory to analyze how marketing functions can support consumers’ co-production activities. We conclude with a discussion of managerial and consumer welfare implications, and of new opportunities for further research. |
| Keywords: | Consumer Journey, Consumer Co-Production, Consumer Co-Production Networks, Household Economics, Sharing Economy |
| Date: | 2018–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureri:103995&r=agr |
| By: | Brainard, Lael (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)) |
| Date: | 2017–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgsq:983&r=agr |
| By: | Núñez-Rocha, Thaís; Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to estimate the effect of two international agreements (Rotterdam Convention, RC, and the Stockholm Convention, SC) in reducing trade in hazardous substances. We estimate the effects of ratification of these agreements on imports of the affected products putting emphasis in the flows from developed countries (OECD) to developing countries (non-OECD) to capture pollution deviation. We use product level data to identify the goods subject to the conventions and the identification strategy relies on the use of difference-in-difference techniques in a panel data framework. We find that when the exporter ratifies the RC and the flow is from OECD to non-OECD countries, a significant reduction of imports in hazardous chemicals is observed after ratification. The magnitude of the effect is a cumulative decrease in imports of about 7 percent. In the case of the SC, the results show significant reductions in trade shipments from OECD to non-OECD countries in persistent organic pollutants for non-OECD importers that have ratified the convention. We observe a reduction of around 16 percent, more than double the effect found for the RC, which was expected due to the different obligations imposed by the respective conventions. |
| Keywords: | hazardous chemicals,persistent organic pollutants,environmental agreements,international trade,gravity model |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F18 Q53 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cegedp:333&r=agr |
| By: | ELENA AYDOS; SVEN RUDOLPH |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-17-008&r=agr |
| By: | Bertrand Dumont (UMRH 1213 Herbivores - Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - VetAgro Sup); Pierre Dupraz (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Joel Aubin (SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Marc Benoit (UMRH 1213 Herbivores - Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - VetAgro Sup); Vincent Chatellier (LERECO CEDRAN - Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherches en Economie - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Zohra Bouamra-Mechemache (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - Toulouse School of Economics); Luc Delaby (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Claire Delfosse (UL2 - Université Lumière (Lyon 2)); Jean-Yves Dourmad (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Michel Duru (UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires - Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse); Lise Frappier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Marine Friant-Perrot (Université de Nantes); Carl Gaigné (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Agnès Girard (LPGP - Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes); Jean-Luc Guichet (UPJV - Université de Picardie Jules Verne); Petr Havlik (IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis); Nathalie Hostiou (METAFORT - Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech - VetAgro Sup - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement); Olivier Huguenin-Elie (Agroscope); Katja Klumpp (Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Alexandra Langlais (IODE - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Servane Lavenant (EVA - Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UNICAEN - Université de Caen Basse Normandie); Sophie Le Perchec (DV/IST - Direction de la valorisation / Information Scientifique et Technique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Olivier Lepiller (CERTOP - UTM - Université Toulouse Le Mirail (Toulouse 2)); Bertrand Méda (SRA - Recherches Avicoles - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Julie Ryschawy (UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires - Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse); Rodolphe Sabatier (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Isabelle Veissier (UMRH 1213 Herbivores - Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - VetAgro Sup); Etienne Verrier (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech, AgroParisTech); Dominique Vollet (METAFORT - Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech - VetAgro Sup - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture); Isabelle Savini (Collège de Direction - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Jonathan Hercule (PROSPECTIVE - Unité Prospective - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Catherine Donnars (PROSPECTIVE - Unité Prospective - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) |
| Abstract: | À la demande des ministères en charge de l’Écologie et de l’Agriculture, et de l’Ademe, l’Inra a conduit une expertise scientifique collective sur les systèmes d’élevage européens et leurs produits. Leurs rôles, leurs impacts économiques, sociaux et environnementaux, ainsi que les services marchands ou non marchands qu’ils rendent à la société ont été analysés sur la base d’un important travail de synthèse bibliographique internationale. Les résultats, qui suggèrent aussi des leviers d’action pour les différents systèmes d’élevage, sont présentés et mis en débat lors d’un colloque le 30 novembre 2016 à Paris. |
| Keywords: | market,cultural inheritance,labour,nitrogen,phosphorus,élevage,évaluation de l'impact environnemental,système d'élevage,expertise collective,climat,europe,marché,droit de l'environnement,patrimoine culturel,patrimoine culinaire,travail,azote,gastronomie régionale,phosphore,service écosystémique |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01595470&r=agr |
| By: | Porzio, Tommaso; Santangelo, Gabriella |
| Abstract: | What explains labor reallocation out of agriculture? We show that decreases in the supply of agricultural workers, due to younger birth-cohorts having skills which are more valued out of agriculture, play a major, and previously overlooked, role. First, we use micro data from 52 countries to decompose aggregate labor reallocation into year and cohort effects. Cohort effects accounts for more than half of overall reallocation. Then, we develop an overlapping generations model to provide an analytical and parsimonious map from the statistical objects, year and cohort effects, into the structural objects of interest, demand and supply of agricultural workers. The map is modulated by mobility frictions and general equilibrium, which we discipline with micro data. Filtering the data through the model, we conclude that decreases in the supply of agricultural workers account for a sizable fraction, approximately one third, of labor reallocation. Finally, we show that, both within and across countries, larger increases in schooling across cohorts are correlated with faster reallocation out of agriculture, suggesting that human capital determines the supply of agricultural workers. We provide further, and causal, evidence on the role of human capital by showing that a school construction program in Indonesia led to labor reallocation out of agriculture. |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12495&r=agr |
| By: | Batten, Sandra (Bank of England) |
| Abstract: | Climatic factors can directly affect economic outcomes such as output, investment and productivity, and understanding the economic consequences of climate change is becoming a necessity not just for climate economists but also for a wider range of economic professionals involved in modelling and forecasting macroeconomic variables. The focus of this review is on the key theoretical and empirical modelling issues in the analysis of the macroeconomic risks deriving from climate change. The paper develops the taxonomy introduced by a number of previous Bank of England studies, which distinguish between physical and transition risks of climate change. The paper then identifies the different channels through which these risks are transmitted to the macro-economy, either through (unpredictable) economic shocks or through predictable, longer-term impacts. The different approaches to modelling these macroeconomic effects are then discussed and assessed in light of the increasing need to routinely monitor and quantify the impact of emerging climate change risks on the economy. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; global warming; natural disasters; macroeconomic models |
| JEL: | E10 H23 Q51 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018–01–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boe:boeewp:0706&r=agr |
| By: | Pascale Ertus (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire); Céline Jacob (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire); Christine Petr (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire) |
| Date: | 2017–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01599008&r=agr |
| By: | Matthew E. Kahn; V. Kerry Smith |
| Abstract: | The United States Gulf Region features areas that face significant flood risk. Climate change may further elevate this risk. Home owners in such areas face potentially large asset losses and property maintenance costs. Anticipating these challenges, the Federal government has enacted a complex set of policies through its National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The NFIP offers reduced insurance rates for homes built before rate maps were drawn and grandfathers rates for homes when new maps increase their risk ratings. This paper asks if the goal of affordable NFIP insurance rates for the high risk Gulf Coast areas is warranted? We compare the income distribution of the set of people who live in the areas that face the highest risk of flooding relative to nearby areas. Our findings imply reduced rates for high risk areas cannot be justified based on the assumption that low income households live in these areas. |
| JEL: | D3 H23 Q5 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24120&r=agr |
| By: | C Lamine (ECODEVELOPPEMENT - Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Gilles Maréchal (ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UN - Université de Nantes - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); M Darolt (Instituto Agronômico do Parana) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, four French and Brazilian case studies of transitions paths towards a greening of farming and food systems are compared. The methodology is a transitions approach, both systemic and pragmatic. The main guideline follws the emergence and evolution over time of past and current initiatives emerging from the public and private sectors, as well as in the civil society. The roles of civil society and public authorities, quite different in Brazil and France as drivers towards transition, are discussed. The quality of the linkiages kept along time by local players is key to understand the sustainability of the transition process. |
| Keywords: | Brazil,Transition,Agri-food systems,France,Networks of actors |
| Date: | 2017–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01579748&r=agr |
| By: | George Verikios |
| Keywords: | Computable general equilibrium, infectious diseases, pandemic influenza, periodicity, trade linkages |
| JEL: | E32 C68 I18 F15 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gri:epaper:economics:201711&r=agr |