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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2017‒09‒17
twelve papers chosen by |
| By: | Pierre Boulanger (European Commission – JRC); Hasan Dudu (European Commission – JRC); Emanuele Ferrari (European Commission – JRC); Mainar Causape Alfredo (European Commission – JRC); Ilaria Proietti (European Commission – JRC) |
| Abstract: | Food security remains a key challenge in many Sub-Saharan African countries and in Kenya in particular. Kenya addresses this concern with a noteworthy policy mix, aiming at giving to the agricultural sector a leading task in improving food security. In this paper, through a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model specifically modified for the context of developing country analyses, we address the impacts of the construction of a new fertilizer plant on the agricultural sector and the rest of the economy. For the purpose of the study, a desegregated version of a 2014 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) has been developed. Results suggests that increasing domestic production of fertilizers do not fully achieve the objectives of reducing rural poverty and increasing agricultural production without complementary policies that help small-holder farmers to overcome the backward technology trap and give them better access to input and output markets. |
| Keywords: | Kenya CGE Food security |
| JEL: | C68 Q18 N57 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc104685&r=agr |
| By: | Fatima El Hadad Gauthier (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier); Myriam-Emilie Kessari (Montpellier Recherche en Management (MRM) - Montpellier Business School); Giulia Palma (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier); Leila Temri (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques); Selma Tozanli (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we first present the framework of the conventions theory (CT) and the sustainable criteria of the Alternative Food Networks (AFN). Then, we present our results chain’s actor by chain’s actor (processors, supermarkets, corner grocery stores and producers). We indicate their consideration for the local and organic food products and their values around these themes. Finally we discuss these results within the CT conceptual framework showing that the producers seems anchored in the industrial world while the other actors are in majority coordinated by the market world. Thus, we suggest that the levers will be different for the producers and for the other actors of the peach and apricot chains and yet some common values have to been found within the chain. |
| Keywords: | fruit production,value chain,alternative food network,sustainable convention |
| Date: | 2016–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01407267&r=agr |
| By: | Mamoon, Dawood; Ijaz, Kinza |
| Abstract: | In this paper we measure all the components of food security. The objective of the study is to measure the impact of Area under cultivation, Mechanical inputs, and Average Rainfall (mm per year) on food security index. Auto-regressive distributed lagged model (ARDL) is used in both models. In model 1 the data is from 1990-2014 and in model 2 the data is from 1973-2014. On the basis of our analysis we suggest that agricultural factors are significantly affecting the food production in case of Pakistan. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Food Security |
| JEL: | Q1 Q18 Q57 |
| Date: | 2017–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81346&r=agr |
| By: | Nolte, Kerstin; Sipangule, Kacana |
| Abstract: | There has been an increased interest in agricultural land in Africa's rural areas. While foreign investments have taken center stage in the debate on large-scale agricultural investments, the role played by domestic investors - particularly medium-scale farmers - should not be neglected. This interest in agricultural land further increases land pressure and land use competition between commercial interests, local livelihoods and ecosystem services. Land poor smallholders and pastoralists are the most vulnerable in this transformation; both are challenged by a loss of access to land and increased competition on local markets. Policy needs to focus on raising smallholder agricultural productivity and on exploiting the potential for smallholders. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:pegnpb:102017&r=agr |
| By: | Martina Sartori; Davide Geneletti; Stefano Schiavo; Rocco Scolozzi |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the structural, joint implications of climate and land-use change on agriculture in the European Union, by means of a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. The counterfactual simulations are conducted at the year 2050 under the second Shared Socioeconomic Pathway. We find that climate and land-use change are likely to affect agricultural systems very differently across Europe. Northern countries are expected to benefit from climate change impacts, whereas other areas in Europe will suffer negative consequences in terms of reduced agricultural output, real income and welfare. The most vulnerable region is not made of Mediterranean countries, but rather Central Europe. Our results suggest that climate and land-use changes may exacerbate existing disparities within the EU. Therefore, appropriate adaptation strategies and a more flexible land-use are required to limit these negative consequences and possibly exploit the beneficial effects of climate change in some countries. |
| Keywords: | agricultural productivity shock, climate change, land-use change, general equilibrium analysis. |
| JEL: | C68 Q11 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcu:iefewp:iefewp98&r=agr |
| By: | Mihai, Florin-Constantin; Taherzadeh, Mohammad |
| Abstract: | This chapter intends to draw attention to solid waste management sector toward rural areas where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management routes. The expansion of waste collection services across rural municipalities should be a priority for many countries. Agricultural and municipal waste diversion from wild dumps and open burning practices must be avoided through smart solutions at the local level which are cost-efficient particularly in developing countries. The book further examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions and the new opportunities across the world in dealing with rural solid waste. |
| Keywords: | waste management; sustainability; pollution; recycling; compostig; rural development; bionergy |
| JEL: | O18 P48 Q15 Q16 Q40 Q53 Q56 Q57 R00 R21 R51 R53 |
| Date: | 2017–09–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81234&r=agr |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mohamed El Hedi Arouri (CRGM - Centre de Recherche Clermontois en Gestion et Management - Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I); Cuong Nguyen-Viet (Chercheur Indépendant) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the urbanization-poverty nexus by assessing the effect of urbanization on income, expenditure, and poverty in rural households in Vietnam, using data from household surveys. We find that the urbanization process stimulates the transition from farm to non-farm activities in rural areas. More specifically, urbanization tends to reduce farm income and increase wages and non-farm income in rural households. This suggests that total income and consumption expenditure of rural households are more likely to increase with urbanization. Finally, we find also that urbanization helps to decrease the expenditure poverty rate of rural households, albeit by a small magnitude. |
| Keywords: | rural poverty,urbanization, household surveys, Vietnam, R11, I30,, Asia |
| Date: | 2016–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01384725&r=agr |
| By: | Singh, Rajesh; Weninger, Quinn |
| Abstract: | We introduce an ecological-economic model of a spatially and temporally heterogeneous multiple-species fishery. The fishery is regulated with individual transferable fishing quotas that cap landings of individual species during a regulatory cycle, or fishing season. Quotas are neither spatially nor temporally (within-season) delineated and, therefore, fishermen choose where and when to harvest fish. We derive a rational expectation equilibrium for the spatial-temporal harvests, landings, discards, and capital allocations over a representative season. Our results characterize a complex mapping from initial ecological-economic conditions, i.e., stock abundance, prices, technology, and regulations, to outcomes of management interest, e.g., spatial-temporal fishing mortality and resource rent generation. The results offer advice for resource managers for setting multiple-species quotas that effectively meet management goals in complex but realistic ecological-economic systems. |
| Date: | 2017–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:201708300700001033&r=agr |
| By: | Magali Aubert (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Geoffroy Enjolras (CERAG. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Appliquées à la Gestion - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Short food supply chains are now recognized marketing channels in French agriculture and are adopted widely by some sectors. This article is part of the growing body of studies on short food supply chains by proposing a study of the dynamics of the adoption of retail selling. The analysis relies on the FADN database for the years 2006 to 2012 and considers farms continuously operating over this period. Descriptive statistics are complemented by a two-step Heckman selection model that considers the duration of retail selling adoption, conditioned by the fact that farmers decide at first to adopt or not such marketing strategy. The analysis identifies that the adoption of such strategy is quite stable over the years. The econometric results confirm the link between the farmer's level of education, the use of workforce, phytosanitary products and the adoption of short marketing channels. They highlight the relationship between the reduction of workforce and phytosanitary products, the implementation of a sound financial situation, as well as sectorial peculiarities in the duration of adoption of retail selling. By contributing to a deeper understanding of short marketing modes, these results reflect the emergence of a specific model of farms centered on the use of short food supply chains. |
| Keywords: | retail selling,FADN,wine-growing,market gardening,fruit production,heckman |
| Date: | 2016–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01404562&r=agr |
| By: | Gallic, Ewen; Vermandel, Gauthier |
| Abstract: | How much do weather shocks matter? This paper analyzes the role of weather shocks in the generation and propagation of business cycles. We develop and estimate an original DSGE model with a weather-dependent agricultural sector. The model is estimated using Bayesian methods and quarterly data for New Zealand over the sample period 1994:Q2 to 2016:Q4. Our model suggests that weather shocks play an important role in explaining macroeconomic fluctuations over the sample period. A weather shock -- as measured by a drought index -- acts as a negative supply shock characterized by declining output and rising relative prices in the agricultural sector. Increasing the variance of weather shocks in accordance with forthcoming climate change leads to a sizable increase in the volatility of key macroeconomic variables and causes significant welfare costs up to 0.58% of permanent consumption. |
| Keywords: | Business Cycles; Climate Change; Weather Shocks; DSGE |
| JEL: | C11 C13 E32 E37 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017–08–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81230&r=agr |
| By: | von Heyking, Carl-Anton; Jaghdani, Tinoush Jamali |
| Abstract: | Iran is suffering from groundwater resources depletion through the excessive subsidized electricity for water pumping and the resulting disproportionate water consumption in agriculture. The creation of an alternative income sources for farmers and elimination of heavy subsidies for groundwater pumping simultaneously is a possible option for dealing with this threat. By expanding photovoltaic technology (PV) in rural areas, farmers can have an alternative source of income by supply and sale of renewable energy through feed-in tariff (FiT) mechanism. The latest decision of the Ministry of Energy in Iran in 2016 for purchasing electricity which is generated by low capacity PV owners can be a solution for the above mentioned problem. This study undertakes a comparison between Germany and Iran of the development of decentralized power system and PV expansion by private owners. In direct comparison to Germany, Iran has a far higher solar radiation and significant potential for the generation of electricity through PVs. This study illuminates both countries' costs of conventional/renewable electricity power, their changing FiT's for renewable power and the renewable energy laws. Comparing the price development shows that a lucrative business arises by selling electricity for the Iranian owners of PV whereas in Germany the trend of self-consumption is clearly preferred. Innovative policies are needed to tackle infrastructural and economic challenges to exploit this potential in Iran. |
| Keywords: | Iran,Germany,photovoltaic technology (PV),groundwater depletion,electricity subsidy,feedintariff (FiT),decentralized power system,renewable energy laws |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:daredp:1709&r=agr |
| By: | Nadia Cuffaro |
| Abstract: | In this paper we review the literature on inequality and growth, with a focus on land inequality, and apply meta-analysis to the subset of studies that have focused on the impact of land inequality on long term growth. Next we discuss the relevance of the issue, focusing on Africa. The literature on inequality and growth has firmly established a strong role of land inequality as a determinant of income inequality, and the negative impact of land inequality on long term growth, and also that inequality in assets ownership, once established, is very difficult to reverse. Land inequality negatively affects growth essentially in the long run and in the developing areas. Next, the article argues the contemporary relevance of the topic, through the example of Africa, where complex land markets and strong commercial pressure on land, including large scale land acquisitions by foreign investors, may result in land concentration. |
| Keywords: | Economic Growth, Land Inequality, Meta-Analysis, Meta Regression, Large Scale Land Acquisitions. |
| JEL: | Q15 O47 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtr:wpaper:0222&r=agr |