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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2016‒01‒29
75 papers chosen by |
| By: | Chakir, Raja; Lungarska, Anna |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to compare land use models based on three different proxies for agricultural land rent: farmers’ revenues; land price and shadow price of land derived from a mathematical programming model. We estimate a land use shares model of France at the scale of a homogeneous grid (8 km x 8 km). We consider five land use classes: (1) agriculture, (2) pasture, (3) forest, (4) urban and (5) other uses. We investigate the determinants of the shares of land in alternative uses using economic, physical and demographic explanatory variables. Data on land use is derived from the remote sensing database Corine Land Cover. We model spatial autocorrelation between grid cells and compare the prediction accuracy as well as the estimated elasticities between different model specifications. Our results show that the three rent proxies give similar results in terms of prediction quality of different models. Our results also show that including spatial autocorrelation in land use models improve the quality of prediction (RMSE indicators). One of our econometric land use models is used to simulate the effects of a nitrogen tax as well as to project land use changes in France under two IPCC climate scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Land use share model, spatial autocorrelation, land rent, prediction., Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212641&r=agr |
| By: | Dar, William D. |
| Abstract: | The global production and use of biofuels have increased dramatically in the past few years due to volatile and increasing oil prices, and environmental concerns. The main feedstocks for ethanol are sugarcane, maize and, to a lesser extent, wheat, sugarbeet and cassava. Biodiesel oil-producing crops include rapeseed and oil palm. All divert land away from food production to energy production. This has in turn triggered the food versus energy debate, with several studies attributing the rising food prices to the feedstock diversion to biofuels, hurting poor consumers and net food-importing countries. To overcome the food– fuel trade-off several countries are promoting feedstocks that can grow on marginal lands and hence do not compete with food production. At ICRISAT we launched a global pro-poor ‘BioPower Initiative’ focusing on biomass sources and approaches that do not compete with, but rather enhance food and nutritional security. Sweet sorghum is one such ‘smart’ multipurpose crop that does not compromise on food security while producing energy. The grain is used for food and the stalk is used for juice extraction for bioethanol. It is encouraging that the Western Australian Government in partnership with Kimberley Agricultural Investments has plans to grow sweet sorghum on 13,400 hectares of land for processing into bioethanol. Further, the use of sweet sorghum in existing sugar mills as biofuel feedstock provides a win–win situation for both farmers and industry. Data from India, the Philippines, China and Brazil indicate that sweet sorghum is an economically viable, socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and resilient smart crop. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp14:225568&r=agr |
| By: | Green, Stuart; O’Donoghue, Cathal; Moran, Brian |
| Abstract: | This is the abstract section. One paragraph only (Maximum 200 words). The environment both affects agricultural production, via soils, weather, water availability etc and agriculture affects the environment via its impact locally on landscape, water, soil nutrition and biodiversity and more widely via its impact on climate change. Locating agriculture within its spatial environment is thus very important in making decisions by farmers, policy makers and other stakeholders. Within the EU, countries collect detailed farm data to understand the technical and financial performance of farms as part of the Farm Accountancy Data Network. However knowledge of the spatial-environmental context of these farms is very limited as the spatial location of farms within these surveys is very limited. In this paper we develop a methodology to geo-reference farms in this data. We chose Ireland as a case study as the dominant farm systems are pasture based mainly animal systems. Thus the local environment is particularly relevant to output. Agriculture in Ireland is also amongst the largest as a proportion of the size of the economy and thus the environmental impact is likely to be more important. Applying this methodology has a number of challenges because Ireland does not have a system of post codes. In addition there are complications in relation to place names which may be in English or Irish or indeed a combination, often with non harmonised spellings and often with non-unique place names. The methodology we develop in this paper overcomes these difficulties allowing us to link, using resulting GIS coordinates, localised environmental to the individual farm data. The primary objective of the survey is to provide a nationally representative picture of farm outputs and outcomes. As a result the survey may not necessarily be representative spatially or the pattern of environment x farm system. Within the paper we assess the relative spatial representativity. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212678&r=agr |
| By: | Gocht, Alexander; Espinosa, Maria; Leip, Adrian; Lugato, Emanuele; Schroeder, Lilli Aline; Van Doorslaer, Benjamin; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the impact of an EU-wide policy to expand grassland area and increase carbon sequestration in soils. The paper uses the economic Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact (CAPRI) model which represents the EU Agriculture by 2,450 mathematical programming farm type models in combination with the biogeochemistry model CENTURY which determines the carbon sequestration at a high resolution level. Both models are linked at the NUTS3 level using the location information in the Farm Accounting Data Network. We simulated a grassland premium such that farmers increase grassland by 5% cost efficiently, whereas we assumed that farmers with lower costs can contribute more. Our findings are that the GHG mitigation potential and costs depend on carbon sequestration rates, the land market and the induced land use changes, and the regional agricultural production structure. The overall net effect in Europe simulated with the model is a reduction of 4.3 Mio t CO2e (equivalents) when converting 2.9 Mio ha into grassland. A premium was calculated so that farmers increase grassland voluntary. It amounts on average to 238 EUR/ha, summing up to a total cost of 417 Mio EUR. The net abatement costs are based on the premium payments and account on average 97 EUR/t CO2e. Substantial carbon sequestration (28% of the total sequestration) can be achieved already with 50 EUR/t CO2e. The carbon sequestration would be most effective in regions in France, Italy and Spain, the Netherlands and Germany. Larger farms and farm types specialized in cereals and protein crops, mixed field cropping, granivores and the mixed crops-livestock farming have the highest potential to relatively low costs. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212651&r=agr |
| By: | Ergashev, Alisher |
| Abstract: | The natural and climatic conditions of the country provide ample opportunities for the development of fruit and vegetable production and food processing industry. Unfortunately, institutional transformations in agriculture in the past have promoted significant growth of cereal production, but not fruit and vegetable growing. As a result, consumption of healthy food in Uzbekistan is constrained by its seasonal and spatial availability and considerable price differences throughout a year, especially for rural population during off-season, and only high-income earners consume fruits and vegetables. Inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables is among leading risk factors for public health in Uzbekistan. The purpose of this research is to investigate the existing constraints and opportunities to improve the availability and accessibility of fruit and vegetables as a key determinant of healthy diet. What hinders activities of fruit and vegetable producers in Uzbekistan? What policies should be used to increase year-long fruit and vegetable supply in Uzbekistan? A tabular analytical technique was used to qualitatively analyze the existing constraints for efficient fruit and vegetable production. Using a structured interview method, a sample size of 100 fruit/vegetable farms was selected randomly and disproportionally based on the master frame lists provided by the local authorities. The area covered included five districts in Tashkent province. Despite favorable geographical and climatic conditions, production of fruit and vegetables is constrained by various factors such as imperfect input and output markets, distribution system failures, low consumer demand, problems in financing and credit. The mechanisms to improve the current situation include reduction of bureaucracy and abuse of powers by public authorities, shift from planned system to market-oriented system of agricultural production, removal of export restrictions, better marketing research, knowledge capacity development, investment in new equipment, technologies and infrastructure, development of agricultural extension services and more effective work of associations and councils. |
| Keywords: | Fruit and Vegetable Production, Uzbekistan, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc14:212554&r=agr |
| By: | Sattarov, Doniyor; Mal, Puran |
| Abstract: | Agriculture sector plays crucial role in the economy of Uzbekistan. However, the reduction of the share of agriculture sector in national GDP can be explained by increasing the share of other sectors in national economy. There is growth in gross production of agriculture but, agricultural sector is still characterized by unsustainable production patterns and agricultural institutions of the country are controlled to a large extent through government intervention. Two crops have strategic significance for Uzbekistan: wheat for domestic consumption and cotton for export. The Government decides to grow cotton and wheat as well as fix the output prices. Uzbekistan Farmers receive lower prices for the main crops than world prices, but they also receive inputs such as fertilizers or fuel at cheaper prices. The partial implementation of reforms such as privatization and liberalization of agricultural markets affect the development of agriculture and agricultural trade in Uzbekistan (UZB). This paper highlights the major effects of market and price liberalization (50% and 100%) on agricultural trade using the partial equilibrium model AGRISIM which is based on the "Static World Policy Simulation Model" (SWOPSIM) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). With the help of this model, changes in general economic conditions, policy intervention in agricultural markets and foreign trade are simulated. This study suggests that the issues of sustainable agriculture development and food security in Uzbekistan can be achieved through, liberalization of agricultural markets and trade specially wheat and cotton. |
| Keywords: | Uzbekistan, agricultural sector, agriculture trade, AGRISIM Model, liberalization, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc14:212560&r=agr |
| By: | Hasanov, Shavkat; Sanaev, Golib; Ganiev, Ibragim |
| Abstract: | The aim of the study is to review the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan with the purpose of identifying the major constraints of development of the sector with special emphasis on fruit and vegetable subsectors, thereby to suggest policy recommendations for the development of the sector. Fruits and vegetables market and its supply chain potential has been studied in case of Samarkand region. Although analysis of recent reforms has provided opportunities for liberalization and modernization of agricultural production and marketing system in Uzbekistan especially for fruit and vegetable subsector, there is still a precondition for sustainable development of subsector. Hence policy suggestions are still in their implementation stage. Specific recommendations were also outlined pertaining to the key constraints identified; namely, pertaining to agricultural production and productivity, quality of land resources, irrigation, reforms, R&D, and agricultural marketing. |
| Keywords: | Samarkand region, agricultural marketing, agro-processing, agroclusters, fruit and vegetable subsector, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Development, Marketing, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc14:212556&r=agr |
| By: | Katrina Mullan |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the scale of the potential co-benefits for residents of developing countries of protecting forest ecosystems in order to mitigate climate change. The objective is to improve understanding among development practitioners of the ways in which services provided by forest ecosystems can also make important contributions to achieving development objectives such as improvements to health and safety, and maintenance of food and energy security. This is achieved by reviewing empirical studies that estimate the value of specific ecosystem services derived from forests in order to evaluate and describe the current state of knowledge on how the wellbeing of local people is likely to be affected by the introduction of global mechanisms for avoided deforestation in developing countries. There are four main ways in which wellbeing can be affected: 1) forests provide soil protection and water regulation services, which in turn reduce waterborne diseases, maintain irrigation water supply, and mitigate risks of natural disaster; 2) forests provide habitat for birds, fish, mammals and insects that affect human health and income generation opportunities; 3) clearing forest through use of fire can lead to respiratory illness and property damage, particularly if the fires spread accidentally; and 4) tropical forests are particularly high in biodiversity, making them important locally as well as globally as a potential source of genetic material for new crop varieties and pharmaceuticals. Evidence on the size of these benefits suggests that while they are highly variable, households in or near forests and poor households benefit most from forest ecosystem services. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Ecosystem services, Energy, Food, Forests, Health, REDD+, Valuation, Water |
| JEL: | Q23 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:379&r=agr |
| By: | Van Bo, Nguyen |
| Abstract: | Ensuring food security is not merely an economic or humanitarian activity: it also actively contributes to national and global socio-political stability. During the last 25 years of implementing its Renovation Policy, Vietnam has achieved national food security, actively contributing to the goals of eliminating hunger, alleviating poverty, and ensuring regional and global food security. Vietnam is changing from a net food importer to an exporter of many agricultural commodities. However, Vietnam is an agriculture-based economy with more than 70% of its population engaged in agriculture. A very high proportion of many of the commodities it produces are exported: 25% of its rice production, 90% of coffee, rubber, cashew nut and cassava, and 95% of black pepper. Any fluctuation on the international market can adversely affect its agricultural industries. Difficulties and challenges will face the country in the years to come: rapid population growth; decreasing farm areas and water resources; natural disasters, floods, droughts; decreasing levels of investment in agricultural production; barriers to agricultural international trade; low incomes of the poor, reducing their access to food; food demand increasing for other purposes, including the production of bio-energy; and climate change. Vietnam’s agriculture restructuring policy aims at higher competitiveness and ensuring food security in the context of climate change. Efforts are focused on policies to stabilise the area of land devoted to rice cultivation; increasing investment in water management infrastructure; and promotion of mechanisation in rice production and processing. It will apply scientific and technological advances to varietal improvement; natural resource management; pest and disease control; and post-harvest technologies. It will also re-organise the institutional set up for agricultural production, linking production with processing and marketing. This will raise the incomes of rice growers, modernise rural life and enhance farmers’ livelihoods. At the same time, it will actively seek to mitigate the impacts of climate change, especially of rising sea levels. With sound policies to guarantee its national food security, Vietnam is ready to cooperate with its neighbours, share its experiences in agricultural development with the international community; and actively contribute to ensuring food security globally. Halving the proportion of people suffering from hunger by 2015 is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals agreed to by many nations more than a decade ago. With many difficulties and challenges still facing food security, achieving this goal will require the effort of every nation, and especially active support from developed countries and international organisations. This demands coordinated action at regional levels as well as on a global scale |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp14:225580&r=agr |
| By: | Omot, Norah |
| Abstract: | Nutritional security is often not adequately considered and addressed in agricultural research and development (R&D) projects, despite the widespread occurrence of malnutrition. In many countries malnutrition constitutes a ‘double burden’, with under-nutrition and increasing obesity happening at the same time. Nutritional insecurity occurs either as a result of choice, of not knowing the nutritive values of food and their importance in diet, and/or as a result of ‘force’ through deficiencies in food supply systems. An assessment of the smallholder farming environment in Papua New Guinea revealed environments that are vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity. While attempts had been made to increase productivity of commodities in demand in these areas, less attention had been given to nutrition. This disconnect can be addressed by considering nutrition in initial stages of R&D planning; and by developing projects that focus on both productivity and nutrition. It may be possible to boost use of traditional vegetables through building nutrition indicators into projects’ monitoring and evaluation systems, and by working with women groups and community organisations to create awareness, with training in schools and health clinics (targeting women) in areas where research projects are implemented. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp14:225575&r=agr |
| By: | Mofya-Mukuka, Rhoda; Simoloka, Asunta |
| Abstract: | Zambia is among the countries with the highest levels of under-nutrition in the world (see IFPRI 2014), and these levels have remained high—around 40%—even when the country has achieved significant growth in agricultural production. About 60% of Zambia’s population lives in the rural areas where poverty levels are estimated to be as high as 75%. This aspect alone makes most rural households highly dependent on agriculture, the natural forests, and woodlands for their livelihoods including food provision and income generation. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:229598&r=agr |
| By: | Ankamah-Yeboah Isaac (Department of food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark); Max Nielsen (Department of food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark); Rasmus Nielsen (Department of food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) |
| Abstract: | The year 2016 is groundbreaking for organic aquaculture producers in EU, as it represents the deadline for implementing a full organic life cycle in the aquaculture production. Such a shift induces production costs for farmers and if it should be profitable, they must receive higher prices. This study identifies the price premium on organic salmon in the Danish retail sale sector using consumer panel scanner data for households by applying the hedonic price model. A premium of 20% for organic salmon is found. Since this premium is closer to organic agriculture products than to ecolabelled capture fisheries products, it indicates that consumers consider organic salmon as an agriculture product more than fisheries product. |
| Keywords: | price premium, organic seafood, fisheries ecolabel, salmon; price premium, organic seafood, fisheries ecolabel, salmon |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irf:wpaper:003&r=agr |
| By: | Chandler, Luke |
| Abstract: | Food and agricultural producers across Australia and New Zealand are increasingly turning their attention to their close neighbours on the Asian continent. The proximity of almost a third of the world’s population has always been impossible to ignore; however, the region has taken on a new level of significance in recent times as developing countries across Asia have embarked upon their journeys of economic transformation. Rising incomes across Asia and the changing dietary habits of households have already had a significant influence on many global agricultural markets and trade flows. This influence is expected to strengthen in coming years as the region increases its share of the global economy, while remaining somewhat limited in its ability to satisfy its own growing needs and wants for food and fibre products. Indeed, the dawning of the so-called ‘Asian Century’ holds great promise, but it also presents a great challenge to Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) food and agricultural producers. Understanding the business risks of supplying a diverse economic, cultural and political region is critical for ANZ farmers and agribusinesses to maximise the value of their expansion into Asia. Improving their understanding of these factors will also allow ANZ agribusinesses to better respond to the opportunities emerging in Asia at the right scale. Developing strong partnerships along the supply chain and across borders will be critical to the success of Australia and New Zealand in capturing value in the growing Asian markets. Increasingly, consumers across Asia are demanding high levels of food safety and traceability, with many willing and able to pay a premium for the clean and green food we produce. Australia and New Zealand together supply less than 10% of Asia’s total food and agricultural imports: our focus needs to be on leveraging the many attributes of agricultural sectors at the high-value end of the market. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp14:225567&r=agr |
| By: | Aditi Bhattacharyya (Department of Economics and International Business, Sam Houston State University); Daisy Das (North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of different types of cooking fuels on the technical efficiency of household meal production in rural India. Rural households in India use for cooking either traditional fuels like firewood, dung, crop residue, and coal or modern fuels like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene, or a combination of both traditional and modern fuels. Using the stochastic frontier method, this paper estimates the influence of different types of cooking fuel and other household level characteristics on the technical efficiency of household meal production. We use a representative sample of 3880 rural households from the India Human Development Survey, 2008. Our results indicate that efficiency of meal preparation is significantly higher when households use either a traditional or a combination of both traditional and modern fuels than if they use modern fuels alone. Thus, results of this paper shed light on reasons other than cost behind the overwhelming popularity of traditional fuels in spite of their adverse health and environmental effects. This result is likely to be driven by the capacity constraint imposed by LPG and kerosene burners in cooking a large quantity of food at a time. Our study identifies use of traditional fuel as a viable option for reducing energy poverty in rural India, and recommends extensive policy for supplying improved wood burning cook stoves and afforestation to reduce the harmful pollution effects of open fire. The policy makers should also emphasize on provision of biogas plant and biomass gasifier along with afforestation. Further, our study recognizes the need for developing and supplying more efficient cooking stoves for modern fuels to promote higher use of clean energy sources. Our results also suggest policy intervention in improving women’s education, household income, provision of ration card, and providing government support in acquiring improved cooking stoves for increasing efficiency of meal production at the household level. |
| Keywords: | Meal production; Modern fuel, Technical efficiency; Traditional fuel; Stochastic frontier analysis |
| JEL: | Q40 D24 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shs:wpaper:1604&r=agr |
| By: | Davide Forcella; Guja Lucheschi |
| Abstract: | Environmental degradation is the result of complex human-environmentdynamics, often sustained by socio-economic inequalities. Recently microfinancehas been proposed to be an interesting tool to support environmental protectionstrategies that aim at once to foster rural development and promote ecosystemsconservation or adaptation to climate change.In this paper we provide one of the first analysis of the link betweenmicrofinance and ecosystems conservation. We base our analysis on theassessment of the first large-scale microfinance programme for biodiversityconservation: Proyecto CAMBio. Our empirical analysis exploits a unique set ofsecondary and primary data collected by the authors in Nicaragua andGuatemala. We introduce a theoretical framework and a practical methodology toassess such programme, and we apply it to our case studies. Even if withdifferent peculiarities, the two cases studied show that microfinance forecosystems conservation has good potentialities to introduce environmentalelements in the rural activities of small farmers and in the products provided bymicrofinance institutions, and it is an interesting path to pursue. However, theyalso underline that choices and actions of rural households and local financialintermediary institutions are strongly influenced by habits and local dominantdevelopment pathways, which are among the main causes of socio-economicinequalities and environmental degradation. Green Microfinance per se does notseem to be able to revert such dangerous dynamics while, interacting with themwithout a proactive strategy, it risks to have no effect or eventually support thecauses of environmental degradation.We then call for a renewed proactive role of green microfinance for ecosystemsthat, articulating with local actors and territorial dynamics, should aim not onlyat providing a green product to individual farmers, but instead support newalliances and collective, socially informed, actions to redirect the habits thatsupport environmental degradation towards environmentally friendly and socioeconomicinclusive rural development. |
| Keywords: | Microfinance; Green Microfinance; Rural Development; Payments for Environmental Services; Agricultural microfinance; Central America; Proyecto CAMBio |
| JEL: | Q57 Q01 O13 O15 Q12 Q14 Q15 Q23 G21 |
| Date: | 2016–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/224879&r=agr |
| By: | Johnson, Myriah; Palma, Marco; Miller, Rhonda; Morrill, Jessie; Anderson, David; Sawyer, Jason; Wickersham, Tryon; Richardson, James |
| Abstract: | The objective of this research was to determine consumer preferences for tenderness, quality grade, origin, use of growth technologies, and price of beef, sirloin steak, specifically. Two hundred twenty three consumers participated. Of these, 96 consumers participated in a sensory tasting panel for sirloin steak before completing a choice set survey while the remaining 127 completed the choice set survey. A structural difference was found in the results between the two groups. The eating experience was found to be critical, altering the preferences of consumers. Consumers overstated their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for credence attributes before tasting the product. After tasting products, factors that influence the eating experience (tenderness, quality grade) still dominated as the most important and influential attributes on WTP. The lack of WTP premium or discount from the no tasting group for beef quality grade may indicate a lack of knowledge about the meaning of the grade terms “choice” and “select.” Sensory panel participants reported a significant WTP premium for Choice indicating they value that quality when they eat it. The use of no hormones and no antibiotics in production had a premium of $2.34/kg among the no tasting group, but after tasting the premium was reduced to $1.19/kg. |
| Keywords: | Consumer Willingness-to-Pay (WTP), Beef, Consumer Preference, Discrete Choice Experiment, Cattle, Consumer/Household Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea16:229610&r=agr |
| By: | BARTOVA, LUBICA; KONYOVA, VERONIKA |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the Slovak regional economy structural changes, development and factors of regional economic specialisation and geographic concentration of sectors with a focus on agriculture from 1995 to 2012. Specialization and sector geographic concentration were quantified by Herfindahl and Entropy indices. At the national level we found steadily growing share of crop production at the expense of animal production. Regional concentration of both, crop and animal production and animal production specialisation has been increasing. Spatial clusters of similar specialised regions were detected for crop production. Linear panel models were used to estimate the effect of selected factors on regional crop and animal production specialisation. The agricultural policy instruments, including the CAP had significant effect on regional crop and animal production specialisation patterns. Provision of the complementary national direct payments (CNDP) and investment support had positive effect on regional crop production diversification. Density of regional road network, average annual temperature in the growing season, average annual rainfall in the growing season and provision of the LFA payments had positive effect on both regional crop and animal production diversification. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, specialization, cluster, regions, econometric model, panel, CAP, Slovakia, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:228857&r=agr |
| By: | O'Donoghue, Cathal; Buckley, Cathal; Chyzheuskaya, Aksana; Grealis, Eoin; Green, Stuart; Howley, Peter; Hynes, Stephen; Upton, Vincent |
| Abstract: | This paper, using Ireland as a case study, examines the relationship between economic activities and river water quality. The stipulation from the EU water framework directive (WFD) that all surface waters in the EU must be of ‘good ecological status’ by 2015 necessitate a quantitative understanding of the major determinants of water quality. Within this context, this paper combines a number of spatial datasets relating to agricultural, residential and industrial activities as well as the level of forest cover to examine the major economic influences on the ecological quality of water resources. It is hoped that providing a comprehensive understanding of the effect of a variety of economic activities that influence the ecological quality of water will be an important tool in the management of risk and will allow for more appropriate land use planning aimed at restoring and maintaining water quality as required by the WFD. Results indicate that the level of forestry, industrial activity, the intensity and type of agricultural activity and the type of wastewater treatment in an area are all critical factors affecting the quality of our water resources. Moreover, the results highlight the importance of a spatial dimension to any analysis as the principal factors affecting water quality often differ across river catchments. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212665&r=agr |
| By: | Tseng, Eric; Sheldon, Ian |
| Abstract: | In this paper the heterogeneous firms and trade literature is extended by integrating quality of inputs and outputs in a food and agricultural setting, along with an analysis of how the ability to translate capability into higher product quality is critical in evaluating the cut-offs for food processing firms to enter domestic and export markets. Specifically, it is found that the direction of change in the domestic market cut-off, due to an increased ability to raise quality, is sensitive to key parameters of the capability distribution; while for the export market cut-off the direction of change depends on the fixed costs of entry into and rents from exporting. These hypotheses are then tested for using panel data for Chilean food processors. |
| Keywords: | heterogeneous firms, input quality, food processing, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F12, F61, L66, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229237&r=agr |
| By: | SCHÖNHART, MARTIN; SINABELL, FRANZ; SCHMID, ERWIN |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses fundamental challenges on agricultural production and the environment. Case studies at different spatial scales indicate heterogeneous climate change impacts and adaptation responses. Consequently, spatial heterogeneity has to be taken into account in order to derive efficient mitigation and adaptation strategies for private land users and public authorities. We apply an integrated modelling framework IMF at the farm level in a grassland region in Austria to analyze climate change impacts on land use management and its economic, abiotic, and biotic effects. Three climate change scenarios cover a range of future precipitation patterns but a unique temperature trend of +1.5°C up to 2040. Policy scenarios are modelled to prove the effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation measures. Our results show that the direct impacts of climate change and the impacts of modelled adaptation responses on farm gross margins as well as abiotic and biotic environmental indicators (e.g. CO2 emissions, changes in soil organic carbon) can be substantial. Assuming future price and cost trajectories from the literature, gross margins increase between 2% and 4% on average. A closer look to individual farms reveals the need to coordinate mitigation and adaptation policies in order to reduce adverse environmental and ecological effects, i.e. trade-offs, and increase synergies between environmental outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land use modelling, climate change, adaptation, mitigation, landscape, optimization, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212675&r=agr |
| By: | Wardhana, Dadan; Ihle, Rico; Heijman, Wim |
| Abstract: | The agricultural sector plays an important role for rural economies. However, rural populations still face poverty as one main issue threating livelihoods. Regional concentration and specialization in agricultural production and processing is referred to as agro-clusters. These clusters might generate income possibilities so that rural poverty may be reduced. We empirically analyse this question by applying spatial econometric models because neighbouring regional economies are likely to influence each other. The analysis focuses on the 545 sub-districts of the West Java province of Indonesia where about 10% of the population live in poverty. Concentration of agricultural employment is found to have significant effects on poverty reduction in the sub-district as well as its neighbouring regions. Specialisation in agricultural output is also found to cause lower poverty rates. This implies that the government should support the regional specialization in agriculture. Based on the identification of the comparative advantage of each sub-district, the government should establish regional production nuclei in agriculture in order to boost the specialization. Care has to be taken of the spillover effects the policies will have for surrounding areas. |
| Keywords: | agricultural production, spatial concentration, spatial dependence, clusters, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212683&r=agr |
| By: | Luckstead, Jeff; Devadoss, Stephen |
| Abstract: | Food processing firms vary in size, exhibit productivity differences, engage in monopolistic competition, and produce highly differentiated products. As the TTIP negotiation is gaining momentum and trade in processed food is becoming more important, it is worth analyzing the impact of this potential trade liberalization on the US and EU processed food markets. This study develops a three-region (United Staates, European Union, and ROW) monopolistic competition trade model with heterogeneous firms to analyze the effects of US-EU bilateral tariff elimination and non-tariff barrier harmonization on prices, domestic production, consumption, bi-lateral trade, cutoff productivity levels, and aggregate productivity in the processed food sector. The empirical results show that this trade liberalization expands cross hauling, with US exports to the European Union increasing b 113.58% and EU exports to the United States rising by 96.19%. This increased cross hauling displaces exports from ROW to the United States and European Union by 47.26% and 16.10%, respectively. US and EU processed food production increases by 4.89% and 3.91%, respectively. Consequently, aggregate utility expands in all three regions. |
| Keywords: | Cross hauling, heterogeneous firms, Imperfect competition, Non-tariff barriers, Processed food trade, Tariffs, TTIP, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, F12, F13, F15, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212817&r=agr |
| By: | Lori Beaman, Dean Karlan, Bram Thuysbaert, and Christopher Udry |
| Abstract: | We partnered with a micro-lender in Mali to randomize credit offers at the village level. Then, in no-loan control villages, we gave cash grants to randomly selected households. These grants led to higher agricultural investments and profits, thus showing that liquidity constraints bind with respect to agricultural investment. In loan-villages, we gave grants to a random subset of farmers who (endogenously) did not borrow. These farmers have lower – in fact zero – marginal returns to the grants. Thus we find important heterogeneity in returns to investment and strong evidence that farmers with higher marginal returns to investment self-select into lending programs. |
| Keywords: | credit markets; agriculture; returns to capital |
| JEL: | D21 D92 O12 O16 Q12 Q14 |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:377&r=agr |
| By: | Rusu, Marioara; Tudor, Monica |
| Keywords: | land conflicts, land reform, CAP implementation, Romania, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212252&r=agr |
| By: | Schmitz, Andrew; Zilberman, David; Zhu, Manhong |
| Abstract: | Japan’s resistance to open its agricultural market access, especially for the five politically sensitive (sensitive) agricultural categories consisting of rice, wheat and barley, beef and pork, sugar, and dairy products, has largely contributed to the lengthy negotiation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) which was finally concluded on October 5, 2015. All commodities in these five categories are not genetically modified (GM) varieties, and we found the TPP agreement between the United States and Japan was not impeded by genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Special interest groups of the five categories have pressured the Japanese government to create trade distortions concerning domestic support programs and border measures. To better understand the difficulties in liberalizing Japan’s five sensitive agricultural categories, we empirically estimate Japanese welfare gains and losses from trade liberalization over seven commodities within these categories: rice, wheat, barley, beef, pork, raw sugar, and butter. Consumers of these commodities would gain from free trade. The first and second largest gains would be obtained by rice consumers ($15.8 billion to $42.4 billion) and raw sugar consumers ($6.02 billion to 16.0 billion), respectively. For all these commodities, except butter, the welfare changes of the Japanese government would all be negative due to tariff revenue losses and resale revenue losses. Even though the net welfare gains would be positive for all commodity sectors, with the largest net gain being in the rice sector, all producers would lose, especially with rice producers being confronted with the largest annual loss ranging from $6.37 billion to $7.69 billion. Detailed provisions of the TPP regarding Japan’s agricultural trade policy show that Japan made certain concessions regarding its agricultural market access. However, Japan’s ratification of the TPP would very likely be contingent upon its compensation countermeasures to the losers from free trade. |
| Keywords: | Trans-Pacific Partnership, Japan, agricultural trade, trade barriers, welfare impact, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229242&r=agr |
| By: | Shebanina, Olena; Galunets, Nataliya |
| Keywords: | adaptive management, agricultural enterprises, tools, Agribusiness, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2015–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaml15:212884&r=agr |
| By: | Muminov, Sherzod |
| Abstract: | More than 80% of Uzbekistan’s agriculture is irrigated and low water quality as well as insufficient water quantity is the main challenges for its development. Transition to a market economy requires reforms in agriculture and especially in water sector. The principal basis for transition to a market economy is introduction of paid water use. The main source of funding for water management in Uzbekistan is the state budget. Allocations from state funds in recent years have grown substantially. Considerable part in the total amount of funding for operational needs accounts for electricity, the cost of which is growing much faster than the increase in appropriations in water sector in general. Fundamental aspects of economic management system should be a mechanism for financing water management organizations, both at the expense of the state budget and at the expense of water users through setting water fees. Payment for water will be a major pre-requisite to save water resources. In Uzbekistan transition to paid water use will allow the more economical use of water resources, and will help to resolve many political, social, economic and environmental problems. Moreover it will solve technical problems which will improve the soil conditions. |
| Keywords: | Uzbekistan, agricultural sector, strategic crops, water management, water consumers association, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc14:212558&r=agr |
| By: | Heerman, Kari; Sheldon, Ian |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229236&r=agr |
| By: | Chatterjee, Tirtha |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the role of relative spatial location of states on agricultural growth in India. We use different definitions of neighbourhood and through a Spatial Durbin Model in a dynamic panel framework, we find that district based weighing scheme best explains the spatial dependence. The channels through which spatial spill-over occur are rural literacy, roads, irrigation and income of neighbouring states. The other factors driving agricultural income growth in India are inputs, infrastructural support and agricultural diversification. Identification of these channels of spatial interdependence will have implications for policies aimed at reducing spatial differences across Indian states. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, spatial growth, spatial weight matrix, spatial dependence, spill over, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212652&r=agr |
| By: | GALLUZZO, NICOLA |
| Abstract: | Bulgaria and Romania are characterized by a higher percentage incidence of rural population than other European nations and a significant diffusion of less favoured areas with limited agricultural surfaces as well. The objective of this paper was to investigate, via a quantitative approach, effects and relationships among funds allocated by the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy on cropping specialization. Furthermore, subsidies and other financial supports assigned by specific agricultural and rural policies have had a positive role in areas at risk of marginalization and characterized by out migration issues. In the quantitative analysis we used the data published by the European Union in the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) since 2007 to 2012. In Bulgaria, as a consequence of a greater diffusion of large size farms, the financial subsides allocated by the EU, throughout Single Area Payment Scheme and towards crops have been significant in Romania and Bulgaria. Romania has pointed out a positive impact of financial aids paid to less favoured areas in order to reduce the rural marginalization and countryside depopulation. |
| Keywords: | Farm Accountancy Data Network, less favored rural areas, Single Area Payment Schemes, Kohonen’s map, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212659&r=agr |
| By: | Kilgarriff, Paul; O’Donoghue, Cathal; Grealis, Eoin; Farrell, Niall; Hynes, Stephen; Ryan, Mary; Dillion, Emma; Green, Stuart; Morrissey, Karyn; Hennessy, Thia; Donnellan, Trevor |
| Abstract: | An economically viable farm is defined as having the capacity to remunerate family labour at the average agricultural wage, together with a return of 5 per cent on non-land assets. There is however significant spatial heterogeneity among farms. In this paper we examine farm viability using a classification concept (Frawley and Commins, 1996). A spatial microsimulation approach is used to add a spatial component to a farm micro dataset. This dataset is then linked to a spatial micro dataset of households which allows for farm and nonfarm analyses within the same analysis. This dataset enables us to analyse the characteristics of the areas within which viable farms exist in addition to the farms themselves. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212680&r=agr |
| By: | Carey, Mary |
| Abstract: | The linkages between agriculture and other sectors in the economy have been studied frequently and results generally point to high income and employment multipliers for agriculture. However, relatively few studies have looked at the spatial location of agriculture and even fewer studies have looked at the spatial location of the agri-business processing firms and their impact on the local economy. This paper will provide an overview of the agri-business processing sub-sector in Ireland. The geographical pattern of economic linkages within the sector and with other sectors in the economy will be analysed to investigate the impact of agri-business processing firms on the local economy. The economic linkages between the origin (location of the firm) and the destination of sales (downstream), purchases (upstream) and employment flows will be quantified. Exploring the factors influencing economic linkages in the agri-business processing sector will allow a greater understanding of the importance of the agri-food sector to the local economy. This analysis provides an interesting in-sight into the 224 agri-business processors surveyed as part of a wider research programme developing a Spatial Input-Output model for the Irish economy. |
| Keywords: | Agri-food Sector, Local Economy, Input - Output, Spatial Linkages, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212672&r=agr |
| By: | Rabotyagov, Sergey; Valcu, Adriana; Kling, Catherine L. |
| Abstract: | We assess the tradeoffs and synergies involved in reducing agriculture-generated nutrient loads with different levels of resilience. We optimize the selection of least-cost patterns of agricultural conservation practices for both the expected performance of the conservation actions and its variance. Securing nutrient loads with a higher level of resilience is costly, with marginal costs of resilience generally declining with lower loads. We find that the main tradeoff dimension is between cost of conservation investments and ecosystem service objectives, as opposed to pronounced mean-variance or between- nutrient objectives tradeoffs. We find relative synergies in agricultural conservation investments aimed at nutrient reductions. |
| Keywords: | agricultural conservation practices, agricultural nonpoint-source pollution, ecosystem services tradeoffs, multi-objective optimization, evolutionary algorithms, safety-first, resilience, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Q25, C63, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212815&r=agr |
| By: | Aditi Bhattacharyya (Department of Economics and International Business, Sam Houston State University); Raju Mandal (Department of Economics, Assam University, Silchar, India) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This study analyzes farm-level technical inefficiency of rice farming in Assam, India, using a multiple-output generalized stochastic frontier framework. Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary data for this study was collected in 2009-2010 from 310 farm-households in four non- contiguous districts of Dhubri, Morigaon, Dibrugarh, and Cachar that are located in different agro-climatic regions of Assam. Based on a Cobb-Douglas production function for multiple rice varieties, the paper simultaneously estimates the Generalized Stochastic Production Frontier and examines effects of exogenous factors on farm-level technical inefficiency. Findings: Results of this study show that the average technical inefficiency of farms is 8.5% in the sample. Further, inefficiency is lower in the frequently flood prone areas, and availability of government support helps reduce such inefficiency as well. However, technical efficiency is higher for the Muslim farm-households, and it decreases with greater land fragmentation. The study also finds that the use of primitive technology like bullock reduces technical effciency of rice farming. Originality/Value: This paper is based on a novel data set that has specially been collected to examine productivity and efficiency of rice cultivation in the flood plains of Assam that has not been studied before. Further, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one to model rice production as a multiple-output stochastic production frontier and analyze technical efficiency of rice production accordingly. |
| Keywords: | Generalized Stochastic Production Frontier, Rice Farming, Technical Inefficiency, India |
| JEL: | D24 Q12 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shs:wpaper:1603&r=agr |
| By: | Zhao, Jing |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229239&r=agr |
| By: | Cisilino, Federica; Marangon, Francesco; Troiano, Stefania |
| Keywords: | ecosystem, services, payments, CAP, collective approach, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212247&r=agr |
| By: | Kuijpers, Rob; Swinnen, Johan |
| Abstract: | Value chains in the agrifood sector are undergoing a rapid process of modernization, characterized by the emergence of private standards and different systems of vertical value chain governance. In this article we investigate the technological implications of these developments at the farm-level. We explicitly modelled the conditions under which technology transfer and adoption will occur in a value chain setting and reviewed the corresponding evidence on these issues. We find that technology transfer within a value chain can occur in an environment with imperfect credit and technology markets, but depends on the surplus generated by the technology, the holdup opportunities of the supplier and the type of technology. Finally, using these findings we discuss the implications of public investment and the role of private standards as a potential catalyst for technology adoption and transfer. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212834&r=agr |
| By: | Anastasova-Chopeva, Minka; Nikolov, Dimitre; Yovchevska, Plamena |
| Keywords: | Agricultural innovations, intentions, socio-demographic factors, economic profile, innovative groups, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212249&r=agr |
| By: | Du, Xiaoxue; Lu, Liang; Reardon, Thomas; Zilberman, David |
| Abstract: | Agrifood firms in the modernizing/globalizing world, both in developing and developed countries, regularly need to undertake innovations. They develop supply chains to accommodate the nature of the innovations. In this paper we analyze an innovator’s supply chain design problem. The design of the supply chain may include allocating resources between production of feedstock (agricultural products) and processing and marketing, and determining the amount of feedstock to be obtained through contracts. We show that the innovator determines its overall level of production taking advantage of its monopoly power in the output market, and behaves as a monopsony in buying feedstock from contractors. These decisions are constrained by the marginal cost of capital and the properties of production and marketing technologies. When the innovator is risk averse, risk considerations in production processing and marketing and the correlation between risks will affect both overall production and share of input purchased through contracts. |
| Keywords: | Supply Chain, Agricultural Contracts, Innovation., Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Q12, Q16, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212809&r=agr |
| By: | Zeng, Di; Thomsen, Michael R.; Nayga, Rodolfo M. Jr. |
| Abstract: | Food deserts are increasingly considered as a potential cause of overweight and obesity, yet existing literature is largely inconclusive in part due to the infeasibility of sorting out multiple confounding mechanisms from a purely empirical perspective. This article investigates the hypothesized causality in a rational-choice framework, where the individual chooses how much to patronize a distant supermarket and/or a nearby convenience store, broadly defined, and the weight outcome depends on this choice. Results suggest that neither limited supermarket access nor low income, the key features of food deserts, would determine the weight outcome, which is also affected by individual preferences as well as time and monetary costs associated with grocery shopping. Parametric conditions under which varying effects on weight occur are further derived to elicit policy implications |
| Keywords: | Food deserts, food choice, weight, food environment, obesity, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, D13, I12, Q18, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212813&r=agr |
| By: | Garnache, Cloe; Swinton, Scott M.; Herriges, Joseph A.; Lupi, Frank; Stevenson, R. Jan |
| Abstract: | Despite the success of efforts to reduce phosphorus (P) pollution from point sources, P from non-point agricultural sources remains a vexing problem with many U.S. water bodies having impairments. Key to solving the P pollution puzzle is to take stock of progress to date, the puzzle pieces available, and the gaps to be filled. In this paper, we synthesize the state of knowledge on P pollution, discuss the state of existing public programs, and review economists’ contributions to informing P pollution policies. We review the water quality valuation literature, identifying limitations in the linkages to policy-relevant environmental quality metrics. We examine how and why P is used agriculturally, along with recent advances in market-based policy design and field testing. We survey new knowledge in biology and engineering, including improved understanding of the fate and transport of P. In light of recent learning and persistent knowledge gaps, we recommend directions for economic research to add needed pieces to the puzzle of how to protect our water bodies. Puzzle gaps meriting attention include mechanisms to target public funds more effectively in voluntary abatement programs, policy design for emerging mitigation technologies, new ways to implement performance-based policies, means to leverage social norms and behavioral cues, changes in the “pay-the-polluter” paradigm, and application of state-of-the-art evaluation methods to conservation programs. Beyond the realm of public policy lies that of private supply chains, where establishment of environmental standards holds additional promise. Rich research opportunities exist for economists in tandem with biologists, engineers, and others |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Ecosystem services, Nonpoint source pollution control, Phosphorus pollution, Valuation, Water quality, Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q18, Q51, Q53, Q58, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212841&r=agr |
| By: | Revoredo-Giha, Cesar |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229275&r=agr |
| By: | Cawley, A.P; Heanue, K.; O’Donoghue, C.; Sheehan, M. |
| Abstract: | Many studies show that interaction with extension services impact farmer’s technology adoption decisions and profitability levels. However, analysis of extension impact across all farm systems whilst controlling for endogeneity biases is less common. This research attempts to redress that research gap by firstly discussing the various biases related to the motivation to engage with extension services, omitted variable bias and measurement error, and subsequently applying instrumental variable (IV) regression estimation to the relationship between extension engagement and farm level outcomes, namely family farm income over a pooled panel dataset. Distance to the local advisory office and the introduction of a policy change were chosen as valid and relevant instruments. The results indicate a positive impact of extension engagement on farm income, and imply that an ordinary least squares approach underestimates the benefits of extension engagement. Accordingly, increased advisory activity could improve the performance of the sector significantly, and this could be a useful policy tool to achieve the targets as set out by the Irish governments Food Wise 2025 plan. |
| Keywords: | extension services, farm performance, endogeneity, instrumental variable regression, panel data, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212664&r=agr |
| By: | Brady, Mark V.; Hristov, Jordan; Sahrbacher, Christoph; Willhelmsson, Fredrik |
| Keywords: | CAP, Single Farm Payment, decoupling, rural development, policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212248&r=agr |
| By: | Agrillo, Cristina; Milano, Serena; Roveglia, Paola; Scaffidi, Cinzia |
| Keywords: | Slow Food’s, Sustainability of the Food System, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229276&r=agr |
| By: | Cerrada-Serra, Pedro; Ortiz-Miranda, Dionisio |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229268&r=agr |
| By: | Narayanan, Badri; Keeney, Roman |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229231&r=agr |
| By: | Grant, Jason; Arita, Shawn |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229254&r=agr |
| By: | Liu, Xiaoou; Lopez, Rigoberto; Zhu, Chen |
| Abstract: | This article reviews approaches to voluntary nutrition labeling (VNL), such as front-ofpackage (FOP) labels, that emerged in the 2001-2014 period to provide simplified nutrition information, thus lowering the search cost for nutritional information. We present a market model to assess consumer and producer responses to changes in information search cost brought about by VNL. We specifically focus on the introduction of VNL in the ready-toeat cereal (RTEC) market and illustrate trends in labeling and the overall healthfulness of RTEC products. Both the conceptual and empirical evidence suggest that VNL has been instrumental in attaining a healthier RTEC market. Finally, we suggest a research agenda to further theory development and empirical (experimental and big data) research to better comprehend the role of VNL in relation to market healthfulness. |
| Keywords: | nutrition labels, food market, front-of-package labeling, voluntary nutrition labeling, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, D12, L66, I19, M30, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212818&r=agr |
| By: | Kvasha, Sergiy; Skrypnyk, Andriy; Zhemoyda, Oleksandr |
| Keywords: | agricultural land market, risks, profitability, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use, Risk and Uncertainty, |
| Date: | 2015–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaml15:212744&r=agr |
| By: | Azcárate, García |
| Keywords: | Food chain, CAP, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229281&r=agr |
| By: | Biswas, Trina |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229238&r=agr |
| By: | Bohman, Mary |
| Keywords: | global food system, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229260&r=agr |
| By: | Díaz-Ruiz, Raquel; Costa-Font, Montserrat; López-i-Gelats, Feliu; Gil, José |
| Keywords: | food waste reduction, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229266&r=agr |
| By: | Arovuori, Kyösti; Yrjölä, Tapani |
| Keywords: | Common Agricultural Policy CAP, productivity, agricultural value added per worker, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212241&r=agr |
| By: | George Adu and Paul Alagidede |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the incentive for developing adaptation technology in a world with changing climate within the directed technical change framework. Consistent with the market size effect, we show that technological change will tend to be biased in favour of the sector that employs the greater share of the work force over time, when the inputs are sufficiently substitutable. An economy with dominant climate sensitive sector can maintain sustained economic growth if it is capable of undertaking frontier innovations in the form of adaptation technology that increases the productivity of the inputs employed in the climate sensitive sector. |
| Keywords: | climate change, Climate sensitive sector, economic growth, Technological change |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 O44 Q55 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:572&r=agr |
| By: | Boyer, Christopher N.; Harmon, Xavier; Smith, S. Aaron; Lambert, Dayton M.; Kelly, Heather; Jordan, Jamie; Newman, Melvin |
| Abstract: | Little is known about the profitability of treating soybean infected with frogeye leaf spot (FLS) with a foliar fungicide. We determine the economic effect of total water applied, growing degree days, and foliar fungicide treatment on FLS severity and yield of soybean MG III, IV, and V with a two-stage severity/treatment outcome model. Data were collected from an 11-year soybean fungicide experiment in Tennessee under high, natural disease pressure. The marginal value product and the breakeven price of soybean for applying a foliar fungicide to treat FLS were estimated for each MG. Applying foliar fungicide reduced FLS severity and increased yields for each MG. The results suggest a profit-maximizing producer would apply a foliar fungicide each year to manage FLS. |
| Keywords: | Damage Abatement, Frogeye Leaf Spot, Fungicide, Soybean Two-Stage Regression, Farm Management, Q12, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea16:229574&r=agr |
| By: | William Pizer, Joseph Aldy, and Keigo Akimoto |
| Abstract: | A natural outcome of the emerging pledge and review approach to international climate change policy is the interest in comparing mitigation efforts among countries. Domestic publics and stakeholders will have an interest in knowing if “comparable” or “peer” countries are undertaking (or planning to undertake) “comparable” effort in mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, if the aggregate effort is considered inadequate in addressing the risks posed by climate change, then this will likely prompt interest in identifying opportunities for greater effort by individual countries – an assessment that requires metrics of effort and comparisons among countries. We propose a framework for comparing mitigation effort, drawing from a set of principles for designing and implementing informative metrics. We present a template for organizing metrics on mitigation effort, for both ex ante and ex post review of effort. We also provide preliminary assessments of effort along emissions, price, and cost metrics for post-2020 climate policy contributions by China, the European Union, and the United States. We close with a discussion of the role of academics and civil society in promoting transparency and facilitating the evaluation and comparison of effort. |
| Keywords: | climate change, emissions mitigation, climate pledges, evaluation, climate change policy. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q3 Q52 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:419&r=agr |
| By: | Harmon, Xavier; Boyer, Christopher; Lambert, Dayton; Larson, James |
| Abstract: | Little research exists on the optimal temporal frequency between soil tests, given empirical data on soil potassium (K) carryover and its interaction with cotton yield. We evaluate how increasing the temporal frequency between obtaining K soil test information affects the net present value (NPV) of cotton production. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine NPV for cotton production using five soil test schedules ranging from soil testing annually to every fifth year. NPV of returns to K was maximized at $18,749 per hectare when producers updated soil testing information every other year, which was $4 per hectare per year greater than annual soil testing. |
| Keywords: | Cotton, Dynamic Programming, Potassium, Temporal Frequency, Soil Testing, Production Economics, Q10, Q12, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea16:229600&r=agr |
| By: | Norton, Daniel; Hynes, Stephen |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212663&r=agr |
| By: | Kazakova-Mateva, Yanka; Radeva-Decheva, Donka |
| Keywords: | Agroecology, Agroecosystems, Diversity, Sustainability, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212250&r=agr |
| By: | Cardwell, Ryan |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229244&r=agr |
| By: | Ivanov, Bozhidar; Malamova, Nona; Sokolova, Emilia |
| Keywords: | green, redistributive, CAP, Bulgaria, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212245&r=agr |
| By: | Ciliberti, Stefano; Frascarelli, Angelo |
| Keywords: | Direct payments, Gini coefficient, Common Agricultural Policy, redistribution, farm income, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212244&r=agr |
| By: | Francesco Lamperti (Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna); Mauro Napoletano (OFCE Sciences Po and Skema Businnes School); Andrea Roventini (Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna) |
| Abstract: | The aper compares the e?ects of market-based and command-and-control climate policies on the direction of technical change and the prevention of environmental disasters. Drawing on the model proposed in Acemoglu et al. (2012, American Economic Review), we show that market-based policies (carbon taxes and subsidies towards clean sectors) exhibit bounded win- dow of opportunities: delays in their implementation make them completely ine?ective both in redirecting technical change and in avoiding environmental catastrophes. On the contrary, we ?nd that command-and-control interventions guarantee policy e?ectiveness irrespectively on the timing of their introduction. As command-and-control policies are always able to direct technical change toward "green" technologies and to prevent climate disasters, they constitute a valuable alternative to market-based interventions |
| Keywords: | Environmental Policy, Command and Control, Carbon Taxes, Disasters |
| JEL: | O33 O44 Q30 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fce:doctra:1531&r=agr |
| By: | Westhoek, Henk; Ingram, John; van Berkum, Siemen; Hajer, Maarten |
| Keywords: | European food system, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229279&r=agr |
| By: | Honig, Lauren; Mulenga, Brian P. |
| Abstract: | The past decade has ushered in an era of increasingly contentious land politics in Zambia, with investors, the government, and chiefs simultaneously blamed for injustices in land allocation. These conflicts over land have been exacerbated, and at times caused by the lack of transparency and available data on the status of land. While a variety of actors has real grievances with the security and efficiency of the current system of land allocation, smallholder farmers bear the brunt of the risk of continuing the status quo in land policy. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:229597&r=agr |
| By: | Davids, Tracy; Schroeder, Kateryna G.; Meyer, Ferdinand; Chisanga, Brian |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229602&r=agr |
| By: | Karwat-Woźniak, Bożena; Alina Sikorska, Maria; Chmieliński, Paweł |
| Keywords: | family farms, ownership and inheritance of farms, farm labour land market, farming population, Poland, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212243&r=agr |
| By: | François Libois (CRED, University of Namur) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an analytical framework to understand why some communities successfully manage their renewable natural resources and some fail to do it. We develop a N-players, two-period non-cooperative game where a community can impose some exogenous amount of sanctions. We first show that rules preventing dynamic inefficiencies may exist even though static inefficiencies still remain. Second, an increase in the initial value of the resource may lower the utility of all users. The model develop a nuanced view on Ostrom conjecture stating that conservation is harder to implement than sharing. |
| Keywords: | Common-pool resource ; Renewable resource ; Conservation ; Sanctions ; Institutions |
| JEL: | Q2 O13 D02 D23 P48 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nam:wpaper:1601&r=agr |
| By: | Xie, Chaoping; Grant, Jason; Peterson, Everett |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229233&r=agr |
| By: | Mathijs, Erik; Annaert, Bernd; Avermaete, Tessa; Schwarz, Jana |
| Keywords: | food supply chains, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229262&r=agr |
| By: | Polmann, Nico |
| Keywords: | natural capital, ecosystem services, property rights, farm level accounting, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa147:212253&r=agr |
| By: | Billé, AG; Salvioni, C.; Benedetti, R. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa150:212662&r=agr |
| By: | Revoredo-Giha, Cesar |
| Keywords: | new food and drink products in the UK, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa148:229273&r=agr |