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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2015‒12‒01
35 papers chosen by |
| By: | Dimitris Kremmydas (Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens); Stelios Rozakis (Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens); Ioannis N. Athanasiadis (Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of Democritus University of Thrace, in Xanthi, Greece) |
| Abstract: | The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been gradually transformed from directly supporting prices and production to a decoupled scheme, where farmers receive a payment per hectare regardless of their production decisions. Within this framework and given the multitude of CAP's objectives, ranging from market competiveness to multifunctionality of agriculture, the inclusion of the heterogeneity of farms on modeling CAP will continuously arise in the immediate future as a key research question. In this paper we make a brief discussion of the aspects of farm heterogeneity within the agricultural policy modeling context and we show that Agent Based Modeling approach, coupled with Object Oriented System Analysis, is a very good alternative for considering all aspects of diversity of farms. Finally we present Agroscape, a flexible ABM Agricultural Policy Framework that can easily incorporates both behavioral and capacity heterogeneity presenting a proof-of-concept case study |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Policy, Agent Based Modeling, Object Oriented System analysis, Farm heterogeneity |
| JEL: | Q12 Q18 C63 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aua:wpaper:2015-3&r=agr |
| By: | Ralitza Dimova (Institute of Development Policy & Management, University of Manchester, United Kingdom IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany); Ira N. Gang (Department of Economics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany CReAM, Department of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, Regensburg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | The poverty and extreme poverty alleviating potential of female empowerment through agricultural commercialisation has been an increasing focus of much of the recent development literature and policy discourse. Using representative data from Malawi, this chapter looks at the role of key policy interventions on the probability for women to enter the commercial agricultural sector and the impact of agricultural commercialisation on poverty and extreme poverty. We find that (i) Most interventions had positive impact on female food commercialisation, but either did not affect or affected negatively female entry into high value agriculture, (ii) Female empowerment through high value agriculture benefitted the poor and extreme poor. We conclude that gender norms in food commercialisation and high value agriculture should be understood for female empowerment interventions of the type implemented in Malawi to have the desired effect. |
| Keywords: | Female empowerment, commercial agriculture, policy interventions, Malawi |
| JEL: | Q12 O2 O13 |
| Date: | 2015–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rut:rutres:201522&r=agr |
| By: | Amponsah, Lawrence; Kofi Hoggar, Glory; Yeboah Asuamah, Samuel |
| Abstract: | The objective of the paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of climate change and agriculture by examining the effect of carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) on cereal yield using autoregressive distributed lag models (ARDL). The research is based on quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research using secondary data obtained from World Bank data base for the period of 1961-2010. The co-integration test indicates the series are co-integrated. The results on the long run and shorts run elastically co-efficient indicate that there is significant negative link between CO2 and cereal yield. There significant positive long run and short run link between cereal yield and income (proxied by real gross domestic product). Policy makers and agriculture scientists and environmental scientists should put in place policies to reduce atmospheric temperature increase and pollution to benefit from CO2 fertilization in order to ensure food security. The findings indicate that income (proxied by real gross domestic product) positively affect cereal yield. The link between CO2 and cereal production should be examine in future studies current study considered cereal yield. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; CO2; real gross product; cereal yield |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2015–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68051&r=agr |
| By: | Mely CABALLERO-ANTHONY (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies- Nanyang Technological University (RSIS-NTU)); Paul TENG (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies- Nanyang Technological University (RSIS-NTU)); Goh TIAN (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies- Nanyang Technological University (RSIS-NTU)); Maxim SHRESTHA (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies- Nanyang Technological University (RSIS-NTU)); Jonatan LASSA (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies- Nanyang Technological University (RSIS-NTU)) |
| Abstract: | Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) food security can be comprehensively governed by the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and the ASEAN Social and Cultural Community (ASCC). This paper reviews the ASCC Blueprint and argues that, within the ASEAN framework, it is imperative for the ASCC to address food security in relation to climate change and disaster risks. There are three main reasons for this: the larger scope of environment security, climate change, and disaster risks under the ASCC; food security from beyond an economic standpoint under the flagship of the AEC; and climate change that alters regional food systems, agriculture, and fisheries, which contribute significantly to the livelihoods and well-being of all people in the region. Although the distribution of impacts and risks of climate change will be different from place to place and household to household, marginal farmers, fisherfolk, and poor urban consumers are likely to be impacted disproportionately. Thus the need for a shared governance of food security and climate change under the ASCC and AEC to comprehensively consider the availability, accessibility, utility, and stability of food for populations from both an economic and socio-cultural perspective. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community, climate adaptation, climate vulnerability, food security |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2015-74&r=agr |
| By: | Danny McGowan (University of Nottingham); Chrysovalantis Vasilakis (Bangor University and IRES) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the effects of agricultural productivity shocks on structural change. We exploit the invention of hybrid corn seed as an exogenous source of variation in US agricultural productivity. The technology significantly increased land productivity in counties suited to producing corn. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy we show that the treatment group experienced structural change as economic activity became more concentrated in agriculture. Owing to the factor bias of the technology, agricultural labor demand increased leading labor to reallocate from manufacturing to agriculture. We also find the rate of urbanization significantly decreases in treated counties, consistent with structural change causing a decrease in living standards. The findings support recent economic theory that argues factor-biased productivity shocks in agriculture can differentially affect structural change and economic development. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, productivity, structural change, urbanization |
| JEL: | D22 D24 L16 Q11 |
| Date: | 2015–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2015019&r=agr |
| By: | Ollinger, Michael; Bovay, John; Guthrie, Joanne; Benicio, Casiano |
| Abstract: | This report examines the food safety performance of establishments supplying raw chicken to the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service’s (AMS) Poultry Products Purchase Program over 2006–12. This report focuses on the effectiveness of reputation as an incentive for producers to control Salmonella. To sell chicken through the Poultry Products Purchase Program, establishments must be registered with AMS and be in compliance with the standards imposed on all slaughter establishments by the USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Suppliers may exceed the FSIS standard, depending on their incentives. Raw chicken suppliers to AMS for the NSLP have an incentive to attain strong performance on Salmonella tests in order to ensure that they do not suffer product recalls, which, being associated with a highly visible customer, could harm their reputations for food safety and adversely affect profitability. However, suppliers also have an incentive to reduce costs, including those associated with food safety practices, to improve their profit margins. Findings indicate that AMS supplier concerns about increased scrutiny and the associated reputation effects when supplying the NSLP offset any incentive to underinvest in food safety to lower the costs of production. |
| Keywords: | food safety, chicken, Salmonella, National School Lunch Program, regulation, probit analyses, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:212888&r=agr |
| By: | Belton, Ben; Hein, Aung; Htoo, Kyan; Kham, L. Seng; Nischan, Ulrike; Reardon, Thomas; Boughton, Duncan |
| Abstract: | Fish farming (aquaculture) is important to Myanmar’s food security and is developing and transforming quickly. This brief presents findings from a new field survey of the farmed fish value chain that is more detailed and broader than any previous study conducted in Myanmar. Many of our findings are at odds with what we perceive as conventional wisdom about fish farming in Myanmar. The findings have important policy implications to unlock the sector’s full growth potential and food security contributions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:212916&r=agr |
| By: | Cuong Le Van; CNguyen To The |
| Abstract: | The paper presents a theoretical model in order to figure out the farmer’s decisions of organic production adoption in agriculture. The decisions concern the allocation of lands for conventional and organic farming. This paper suggests that an entirely theoretical exercise can illuminate parts of this complex issue which the empirical work cannot reach. Our results might give some advice to policy makers when contemplating regulations in the agricultural sector. We show the importance of (i) the available quantity of land devoted to agricultural plants, (ii) the productivity of the organic products, (iii) the incentive mechanism and, finally (iv) the constraints on output of organic products. We consider this result as a good example of a new technology. In addition, the result of this article not completely confined in the agricultural production sector. It is possible to open up applications in other fields related to technology transfer. |
| Keywords: | New technology, Adoption, Organic products, Conventional products, Productivity. |
| JEL: | O33 C33 Q22 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2015-23&r=agr |
| By: | Joan R. Roses |
| Abstract: | Spanish land reform, involving the break-up of the large southern estates, was a central issue during the first decades of the twentieth century. This paper uses new provincial data on landless workers, land prices and agrarian wages to consider if government intervention was needed because of the failure of the free action of markets to redistribute land. Our evidence shows that the relative number of landless workers decreased significantly from 1860 to 1930 before the approval of the 1932 Land Reform. This was due to two interrelated market forces: the falling ratio between land prices and rural wages, which made land cheaper for landless workers to rent and buy land plots, and structural change that drained rural population from the countryside. Given that rural markets did not restrict access to land, the government-initiated land redistribution had no clear-cut economic justification. |
| Keywords: | land markets; structural change; land prices; landless peasants |
| JEL: | N53 N54 Q15 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:64498&r=agr |
| By: | France Caillavet (Alimentation et sciences sociales (ALISS)); Gayaneh Kyureghian (Korea University); Rodolfo M. Nayga (University of Arkansas); Coline Ferrant; Pierre Chauvin (INSERM) |
| Abstract: | It is maintained that limited access to healthy food and relatively easy access to less healthy food, among other economic and environmental factors, are accountable for poor dietary choices and are ultimately associated with major public health concerns (Walker et al. 2010; Economic Research Service Report to Congress 2009). The linkage between the food environment and food choices and spending patterns, and, more fundamentally, food security has been a subject of interest in academic and policy debates. Although much discussed and widely researched, the linkage between food retail availability and dietary choices or health status is still largely unclear (Walker et al. 2010; Kyureghian, Nayga and Bhattacharya 2013; Kyureghian and Nayga 2013). (First paragraph) |
| Keywords: | Healthy food access; Food retail structure |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/19upp1b1si9uarpnvu9q0gp2mg&r=agr |
| By: | Ralitza Dimova (Institute of Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester and IZA, Bonn); Ira N. Gang (Department of Economics, Rutgers University and IZA, Bonn and CReAM, London) |
| Abstract: | The potential of engaging female agricultural producers in high value crop activities has been in the increasing focus of much of the recent development literature and policy discourse. Using a rich representative household survey for Malawi, this work draws a profile of successful women farmers and the policies and interventions associated with this profile. Our study finds that female cash crop decision-making has significant impact on both efficiency and welfare. Female cash crop decision-making is encouraged by female ownership of land, credit allocations to women, and village-level infrastructure (development agencies, savings and credit unions). |
| Keywords: | microanalysis of farm households, empowering women, cash crops, stochastic frontier analysis, farm production efficiency |
| JEL: | Q12 O2 O13 |
| Date: | 2015–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rut:rutres:201518&r=agr |
| By: | Gabriela Simonet; Julie Subervie; Driss Ezzine-De-Blas; Marina Cromberg; Amy Duchelle |
| Abstract: | We estimate the additional effects of a REDD+ pilot project offering Payments for Environmental Services to reduce deforestation by smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected original data from 181 individual farmers. We use DID-matching and find evidence that supports the parallel trend assumption. We estimate that an average of 4 ha of forest have been saved on each participating farm in 2014, at the expense of pastures versus croplands. This amounts to a decrease in the deforestation rate of about 50 percent. We find no evidence of leakage effects. Finally, we find that the project is cost-effective. |
| Keywords: | REDD+, Payments for environmental services, Brazilian Amazon, Treatments effects, Quasi-Experiment. |
| JEL: | Q23 Q57 D12 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cec:wpaper:1514&r=agr |
| By: | Kuhn, Arnim; Endeshaw, Kassahun |
| Abstract: | The global demand for crop biomass for both food and non-food use has markedly increased during the last decade. This recent trend was driven by population growth, income growth by consumers, industrial demand for non-food raw materials, and demand for energy in the form of crop biofuels. Consequently, relative price levels for plant biomass have intermittedly doubled since 2006. The aim of this study is identify and compare global drivers, trends and projections of this process, looking at biomass production, consumption and related resource use in Sub-Saharan Africa as opposed to the Rest of the World. Model-based quantitative projections of global crop biomass markets are reviewed and compared, and supplemented by own projections. |
| Keywords: | crop production, long-term projections, land use, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Development, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q02, Q11, |
| Date: | 2015–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubfred:212930&r=agr |
| By: | Naudé, Wim (Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | African agriculture's importance for sustainable development is well appreciated. Indeed, recent years have seen a thorough reappraisal of the sector. What are less well understood, however, are the drivers that reallocate scarce human and physical resources across occupations and space, and without which agriculture and industrial development, and hence structural transformation, will stagnate. One such endogenous driver is entrepreneurship. In this paper I start with the reappraisal of African agriculture and focus on the literature on entrepreneurship in Africa's structural transformation. I present a conceptual model to describe how entrepreneurship reallocates farmers out of agriculture into non-agricultural activities and locations. Recent empirical evidence that is broadly consistent with this model is discussed. Implications and challenges for entrepreneurship development policies and further research are outlined. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, entrepreneurship, Africa, development, industrialization, structural change, urbanisation |
| JEL: | Q12 J43 L26 M13 O13 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9521&r=agr |
| By: | Sumon Kumar Bhaumik (Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom William Davidson Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany); Ralitza Dimova (Institute of Development Policy & Management, University of Manchester, United Kingdom IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany); Ira N. Gang (Department of Economics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA IZA – Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany CReAM, Department of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, Regensburg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Our analysis of a rich representative household survey for Malawi, where patrilineal and matrilineal institutions coexist, suggests that (a) in matrilineal societies the likelihood of high value crop cultivation by a household increases with the extent of land owned by males, while the income generated from high value crop production decreases with the amount of land owned by females (b) cultivation of high value crops increases household welfare. The policy implication is that facilitating female ownership of assets through informal and formal institutions does not, on its own, increase welfare when appropriate complementary resources and institutions are absent. |
| Keywords: | female ownership of assets, informal institutions, cash crops, household welfare, empowerment |
| JEL: | Q12 O2 O13 |
| Date: | 2015–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rut:rutres:201521&r=agr |
| By: | Abu Hatab, Assem |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the impact of Arab integration arrangements on intra-Arab Agrifood trade. The main results indicate that Arab regional integration efforts have been ineffective in promoting Agrifood trade flows among the Arab countries. The results also show that actual intra-Arab Agrifood trade is consistently lower than the predicted values by the gravity model. Furthermore, Arab sub-regional trade agreements have had a modest impact on intra-Arab Agrifood trade. Taken together, these findings suggest that i) there is untapped trade potential in agricultural and food commodities among the Arab countries and thus they could potentially attain deeper levels of Agrifood trade integration, and ii) despite the significant progress that has been made over the past two decades in lowering tariff barriers, Agrifood trade among Arab countries has remained below its potential which in turn points out to the existence of non-tariff barriers that restrain the trade effects of Arab economic integration. |
| Keywords: | Regional trade integration, intra-Arab trade, Agrifood trade, panel data. |
| JEL: | C1 F02 F15 F33 |
| Date: | 2015–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:67991&r=agr |
| By: | Me-Nsope, Nathalie M.; Staatz, John M. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:212910&r=agr |
| By: | Majah-Leah V. Ravago (University of the Philippines); James A. Roumasset (University of Hawaii) |
| Abstract: | We present an approach for determining dynamic baselines for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation plus sequestration (REDD+) based on the efficient path of forest emissions absent carbon prices. We show that, unlike industrial emissions, baseline emission permits for forests should be negative. Positive entitlements for forest emissions are unnecessary and may be ineffective in the absence of additional governance mechanisms. A numerical illustration for the case of Indonesia shows that the potential gains from the efficiency-based approach are nearly twice those from conventional REDD+ proposals. |
| Keywords: | Governance; REDD+; deforestation; carbon emissions; sequestration; climate change |
| JEL: | Q23 Q28 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hai:wpaper:201515&r=agr |
| By: | Petrolia, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the results of a study that tests the hypothesis that the effect of risk preference on choice is a function of the specific risk-preference measure utilized. In addition, this study tests the hypothesis that the effect of risk preference on choice depends upon its interaction with risk perceptions. I elicit three distinct measures of risk preference: a standard real-money Holt and Laury measure, a hypothetical health-variant of the Holt and Laury measure, and a non-context-specific self-assessment measure. I also elicit information regarding risk perceptions. These data are combined with choice data focused on consumer preferences for raw oysters. Results indicate that, after controlling for key oyster attributes, perceived food safety risk is highly significant. Additionally, risk preference is significant, and the effect depends on whether respondents held ex ante food safety perceptions. In a treatment that includes only named oyster varieties, I find that although respondents generally prefer named Atlantic coast oysters to named Gulf and Pacific coast oysters, those who hold ex ante food safety perceptions are significantly more likely to choose Gulf coast oysters as the magnitude of risk aversion increases. In another treatment that includes a generic “commodity” Gulf coast oyster, I find that although named Gulf coast oysters are preferred to the commodity Gulf coast oyster, respondents with no ex ante food safety perceptions are significantly less likely to choose named Gulf coast oysters as the magnitude of risk aversion increases. |
| Keywords: | belief, oyster, survey, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Risk and Uncertainty, D12, D83, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:misswp:212481&r=agr |
| By: | Committee to Review WIC Food Packages; Food Nutrition Board; of which Mary Kay Fox is a Committee Member |
| Abstract: | In this report, the committee provides the findings and conclusions from its evidence gathering and data analyses. Finally, the report presents the committee’s criteria that lay the groundwork for phase II of the study, and offers a framework to guide development of the committee’s recommendations. |
| Keywords: | WIC, Women, Infants, and Children, Food Packages, Nutrition |
| JEL: | I0 I1 |
| Date: | 2015–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:dd2e73d6c5144c39adc465d098497995&r=agr |
| By: | Sitko, Nicholas J.; Chamberlin, Jordan; Mulenga, Brian |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:212901&r=agr |
| By: | Arita, Shawn; Mitchell, Lorraine; Beckman, Jayson |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effects of selected sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT) on agricultural trade between the United States and the European Union (EU). It identifies data, methodological, and conceptual challenges to quantify such non-tariff measures (NTM) in the context of free-trade agreements. An empirical strategy combining market analysis with gravity model econometric methods is used to quantify the extent of protection afforded by major NTMs in U.S.-EU agricultural trade. In most of the commodities investigated with specific SPS/TBT concerns, estimated ad valorem tariff equivalents (AVE) of NTMs were found to be considerably higher than existing tariffs. EU NTMs on U.S. poultry, pork, and corn were found to have the most trade-impeding effects, with estimated AVE effects of 102, 81, and 79 percent, respectively; EU NTMs on U.S. beef, vegetables, and fruits were also found to be significant. The AVE effect of U.S. NTMs on EU exports ranges from 37 percent for vegetables to 45 percent for fruits. |
| Keywords: | Non-tariff measures, NTMs, gravity model, agricultural trade, trade agreement, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, T-TIP, United States, European Union, EU, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, SPS, technical barriers to trade, TBT, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:212887&r=agr |
| By: | Vroegindewey, Ryan; Staatz, John M.; Theriault, Veronique |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:212913&r=agr |
| By: | Honig, Lauren; Mulenga, Brian P. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:212908&r=agr |
| By: | Kabaghe, Chance |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:212892&r=agr |
| By: | Ben Jebli, Mehdi; Ben Youssef, Slim |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality tests to investigate short and long-run relationships between per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, real gross domestic product (GDP), renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, trade openness ratio and agricultural value added (AVA) in Tunisia spanning the period 1980-2011. The Johansen-Juselius test shows that all our considered variables are cointegrated. Short-run Granger causality tests reveal the existence of bidirectional causalities between AVA and CO2 emissions, and between AVA and trade; unidirectional causalities running from non-renewable energy and output to AVA and to renewable energy, and from CO2 emissions to renewable energy. Interestingly, there are long-run bidirectional causalities between all considered variables. Our long-run parameters estimates show that non-renewable energy, trade and AVA increase CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. In addition, the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is not supported. Our policy recommendations are to increase international economic exchanges because this gives new opportunities to the agricultural sector to develop and to benefit from renewable energy technology transfer. Subsidizing renewable energy use in the agricultural sector enables it to become more competitive on the international markets while polluting less and contributing to combat global warming. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; Agriculture; Trade; Granger causality; Tunisia. |
| JEL: | C33 F14 Q1 Q42 Q54 |
| Date: | 2015–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68018&r=agr |
| By: | Andrea Baranzini (Haute Ecole de Gestion Genève, University of Apllied Sciences Western Switzerland); Jeroen van den Bergh (Institute of Environmental Science annd Technology (UAB); ICREA; Institute of Environmental Studies & Faculty of Economics and Business Administration (LSE)); Stefano Carattini (Haute Ecole de Gestion Genève, University of Apllied Sciences Western Switzerland; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment (LSE)); Richard Howarth (Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College); Emilio Padilla (Department of Applied Economics (UAB)); Jordi Roca (Faculty of Economics and Business (UB)) |
| Abstract: | The idea of a global carbon price has been a recurrent theme in debates on international climate policy. Discarded at the Conference of Parties (COP) of Copenhagen in 2009, it remained part of deliberations for a climate agreement in subsequent years. Unfortunately, there is still much misunderstanding about the reasons for implementing a global carbon price. As a result, ideological and political resistance against it prospers. Here we present the main arguments in favor of a carbon price to stimulate a fair and well-informed discussion about climate policy instruments. This includes arguments that have received surprisingly little attention so far. It is stressed that a main reason to use carbon pricing is environmental effectiveness, so not only economic efficiency (including the special case of cost-effectiveness). In addition, we provide ideas on how to implement a uniform global carbon price, whether using a carbon tax or emissions trading. |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea1507&r=agr |
| By: | Anonymous |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:212895&r=agr |
| By: | Hickson, Kerry (CAGE) |
| Abstract: | The recent increase in antimicrobial resistance has received concern from the government and media. The twentieth century history of tuberculosis in England and Wales presented here shows that some of the more extreme apocalyptic scenarios are unlikely. The paper shows that preventive medicine can play a major role; that the threat should reduce the use of antimicrobials; and the scope for government to intervene with sound public health policies. The paper also estimates the value of twentieth century health gains associated with eliminating tuberculosis in England and Wales to be worth at least $127 billion, which provides a warning about the potential gains that could be lost without initiatives to prevent antimicrobial resistance. |
| Keywords: | Antimicrobial resistance, tuberculosis, twentieth century, England and Wales, mortality, morbidity JEL Classification: I11, I18, J17 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:241&r=agr |
| By: | Chapoto, Antony; Zulu-Mbata, Olipa; Hoffman, Barak D.; Kabaghe, Chance; Sitko, Nicholas; Kuteya, Auckland; Zulu, Ballard |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:212905&r=agr |
| By: | Beckman, Jayson; Arita, Shawn; Mitchell, Lorraine; Burfisher, Mary |
| Abstract: | The proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) between the United States and the European Union (EU) aims to address several important barriers facing agricultural trade, including tariffs, tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), and non-tariff measures (NTMs). Estimated ad valorem tariff equivalents of tariffs/TRQs and NTMs currently in place are as high as 120 percent, significantly limiting trade between the two regions. This study uses model simulations to assess the effects of T-TIP on agriculture under three broad scenarios: complete removal of tariffs and TRQs; elimination of select NTMs along with tariffs and TRQs; and a lowering of the willingness of consumers to purchase imported goods previously limited by NTMs. Results of all scenarios suggest an increase in U.S.-EU agricultural trade from T-TIP, benefiting both regions. While the United States realizes a relative increase in agricultural exports, the EU benefits from lower import prices and larger macroeconomic gains than the United States. The estimated annual increase in U.S.-EU agricultural trade ranges from $6.3 billion to $11.6 billion when compared with the 2011 base year. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural trade, trade Agreement, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, T-TIP, computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, non-tariff measures (NTMs), gravity model, United States, European Union, tariff rate quotas (TRQs), Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:212886&r=agr |
| By: | Petrolia, Daniel; Walton, William; Yehouenou, Lauriane |
| Abstract: | We administered an online choice experiment to a sample of U.S. raw oyster consumers to identify factors influencing preferences for Gulf of Mexico oysters, and to estimate willingness-to-pay for specific attributes, including harvest location / brand, price, size, taste (saltiness), and cultivation method (wild vs. farm-raised). This work was complemented by taste panels conducted in Point Clear (Alabama), Houston, and Chicago. During taste panels, local branded varieties dominate consumer choice, although these same varieties fare no better than other varieties under blind taste-tests. Online survey results indicate that Non-Gulf respondents are likely to require a price discount on Gulf varieties relative to local varieties, on the order of $3-9 per half-dozen, depending on the specific variety and other factors. Although most Gulf respondents chose the cheaper generic Gulf oyster over branded Gulf varieties, we still estimate positive price premia for branded Gulf varieties of up to $5 per half-dozen. |
| Keywords: | branding, choice experiment, consumer preferences, economics, labeling, survey, willingness to pay, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing, D12, Q22, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:misswp:212482&r=agr |
| By: | Dudin, Mikhail Nikolaevich (Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship); Lyasnikov, Nikolaj Vasil'evich (Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship); Dzhurabaeva, Gulnora Kahramanovna (Novosibirsk State Technical University); Dzhurabaev, Kahraman Tursunovich (Novosibirsk State Technical University); Reshetov, Konstantin Jur’evich (National Institute of Business) |
| Abstract: | This article aims to reveal main theoretical and methodological issues related to the specificity of the strategic innovation-oriented interaction of large and small business structures of the agrarian sector. As part of the presentation of this paper, the authors have obtained the following main conclusions Secure and sustainable development of national economies and the international community as a whole is not possible without a constant evolution of the agro-industrial sector, which plays a key role in the formation of an adequate level of food security; effectiveness of development of the agrarian sector can be enhanced through the use of innovative solutions, both in terms of agricultural production, and in terms of interaction of large industrial enterprises and small entrepreneurship with each other; interaction of large industrial enterprises and small entrepreneurship of the agrarian sector is strategically-oriented solutions, aimed at meeting the interests and needs of the cooperating subjects, as well as maximizing economic and other benefits in proportion to a contribution of each partner; improving the innovative strategy of interaction of large industrial enterprises and small entrepreneurship in the agrarian sphere should include two directions: ongoing collaboration (meeting functioning needs) and strategic partnerships (meeting development needs). |
| Keywords: | Cooperation, teamwork, strategy, small entrepreneurship, large industrial enterprises, agrarian sphere |
| Date: | 2015–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:d155&r=agr |
| By: | Mattas, Kosntadinos; Tsakiridou, Efthimia; Michailidis, Anastasios; Karelakis, Christos |
| Abstract: | This work attempts to present a detailed picture of the sunflower cultivation in Greece in comparison with its most competitive crops, in terms of costs, benefits, income, employment and expertise. Thus, the economic effectiveness, of sunflower cultivation at farmers’ level, is thoroughly examined, the indirect benefits (crop rotation, social, environmental, foreign exchange, energy dependence) of sunflower chain assessed and finally both direct and indirect benefits generated for the region are estimated. The primary objective of the first chapter of this study is to assess the significance of sunflower processing industry for the Greek producer. Specifically, the objective of the current research endeavour is twofold: first, to evaluate the role of the sunflower processing industry and its significance for the economy, society and Greek producer and second, to assess the reflection of experts and producers as regards the importance of sunflower cultivation. According to the results, sunflower is the best practical and cost-effective crop although wheat can also provide acceptable benefit/cost ratio. However, the most important reason of sunflower cultivation relates to its ability to be cultivated in dry conditions and to the important effects of crop rotation between sunflower and maize or wheat. The most effective crop rotation is between sunflower and wheat. Crop rotation between sunflower and wheat (or corn) increases regularly the yields of all crops of about 8% to 10% ensuring an additional annual mean net income of 145 €/ha. On the other hand the indirect benefits can be evaluated and quantified to a total amount of 43,900,000 €/year for the Greek economy, as follows: a) reducing carbon dioxide emissions=7,000,000 €/year, b) reducing of sulfur dioxide=300,000 €/year, c) reducing of energy dependence=1,500,000 €/year, d) employment benefits=900,000 €/year, e) social benefits=200,000 €/year and f) foreign exchange benefits=34,000,000 €/year. However, only 70% of these indirect benefits come from the cultivation of sunflower as the rest 30% come from the cultivation of oilseed rape. Furthermore, an attempt was made (in the second chapter) to generate the probable economic impacts at regional and country level due to sunflower cultivation withdrawal. In this hypothetical case significant income losses are expected for both farmers and regional economy especially in the Region of Eastern Macedonia-Thrace. Finally, farmers’ reflections on sunflower cultivation were measured in two selected areas, where the most of sunflower cultivation is concentrated (Central Macedonia and Thrace). Based on the findings of the survey, noteworthy is that farmers are very satisfied from their involvement in sunflower cultivation and their collaboration with the industry. The results derived from the analysis of farmers’ perceptions are very in line with the technical analysis developed in the previous sections of the study. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:grauwp:212932&r=agr |
| By: | Dudin, Mikhail (Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship); Nikolaj Vasil'evich Lyasnikov (Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship); Valentina Nikolaevna Sidorenko (Moscow City Teachers’ Training University); Lidija Sergeevna Leont'va (Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics); Konstantin Jur'evich Reshetov (National Institute of Business) |
| Abstract: | Presented article aims to study the specifics of using a relatively new management concepts (business-model canvas) in the management of competitiveness and the formation of competitive advantages of enterprise structures of agroindustrial sphere. Agribusiness, on the one hand, is a significant and important sectors of any national economy, but on the other hand, the risks of agribusiness also significantly high, which prevents many entrepreneurial structures to be competitive. According to the authors of the present article, business structures agroindustrial sphere can provide competitive advantages by building and regular updates (business-model canvas). During the presentation of this work were obtained the following conclusions: a) Business organizations agroindustrial sphere are the most vulnerable in terms of preserving the competitiveness and capacity for sustainable development, since the activities of such structures is determined by a large set of internal and external environmental factors; b) Management concept (business-model canvas) is designed to control the strategically sustainable and competitive development of enterprise structures in a turbulent and difficult to predict changes in the market environment; c) The use of the concept of management (business-model canvas) has its specific application in the formation of competitive advantages of enterprise structures of the agricultural sector, which is due to the peculiarities of the organization of supply cycle. |
| Keywords: | strategy, competitive advantages, business model canvas, enterprise structures, industrial agriculture, competitiveness |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:d151e&r=agr |