|
on Agricultural Economics |
|
Issue of 2014‒03‒15
28 papers chosen by |
| By: | Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | This paper uses farm panel data from Indonesia to examine dynamic patterns of land use, capital investments, and wages in agriculture. The empirical analysis shows that an increase in real wages has induced the substitution of labor by machines among relatively large farmers. Large farmers tend to increase the scale of operation by renting in more land when real wages increase. Machines and land are complementary if the scale of operation is greater than a threshold size. In contrast, such a dynamic change was not observed among relatively small holders, which implies a divergence in the movement of the production frontier between Java and off-Java regions given that the majority of small farmers are concentrated in Java. |
| Keywords: | Rural Development Knowledge&Information Systems,Regional Economic Development,Rural Poverty Reduction,Labor Policies,Crops and Crop Management Systems |
| Date: | 2014–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6789&r=agr |
| By: | Raju Mandal (Department of Economics, Assam University) |
| Abstract: | Farmers are usually exposed to considerable risk arising from shocks in production and price of crops. The former assumes special significance for farmers in the plains of Assam, India because every year large areas of the state come under the grip of floods that cause extensive damage to its crop growing sector. This paper attempts to explore how the farmers in the flood plains of Assam are trying to cope with flood induced production risks in terms of cropping pattern choice. It further examines whether such a coping mechanism has any contribution towards returns in the farms. The analysis of farm level survey data suggests that the farmers in the plains of Assam, who are affected by floods not only in terms of reduced time availability for cropping but also higher production risks due to varying timing, frequency and intensity of floods during a year, tend to diversify their cropping pattern more in order to minimize production risk associated with flood damages to crops. Farmers with better irrigation facility and access to institutional credit are found to be more successful in this strategy. Moreover, the farms with a diversified cropping pattern have been able extract more returns from farming. |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shs:wpaper:1403&r=agr |
| By: | Koliai, Lyes; Avouyi-Dovi, Sanvi; Ano Sujithan, Kuhanathan |
| Keywords: | Food price volatility; BVAR model; volatility spillovers; |
| JEL: | C32 Q11 Q18 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dau:papers:123456789/12798&r=agr |
| By: | Juan Infante Amate; Eduardo Aguilera; Manuel González de Molina |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this work is to reconstruct the consumption of the different types of energy by the Spanish agri-food system (AFS) between 1960 and 2010. The initial hypothesis, of a high increase in energy consumption during that period, was derived from the evidence of a growing consumption of capital and inputs in the activities related with production and management of food products in Spain. According to our results, energy consumption in the whole Spanish agro-food chain has increased by a factor of 10. It has grown at a much faster pace than total energy consumption, than total food production and even than GDP. Transport and agriculture are the sectors with the most relevant energy use in the studied period, representing 47-60% of total AFS consumption. In a first stage, agricultural production absorbed the majority of the growth in energy consumption, while since 1985 other sectors have pushed the continuation of the growth. Our results indicate that roughly one fifth of final energy consumed by Spanish economy is related. |
| Keywords: | Agri-food System, Energy Balances, Life Cycle Assessment, EROI, Degrowth, Food History |
| JEL: | N54 O13 Q4 Q18 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:seh:wpaper:1403&r=agr |
| By: | Meskela, Tadesse; Teshome, Yalem |
| Abstract: | We present the case study of a fast growing agribusiness cooperative in Ethiopia, Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union (OCFCU). OCFCU was established in 1999 by 34 cooperatives and a capital of US$90,000. Nowadays, OCFCU has 240 cooperatives and a capital exceeding $12,000,000 USD. Well known in the specialty coffee market, OCFCU works with growers across Ethiopia influencing communities economically and socially. Using the GLIMPSE perspective, we investigate the raw-bean procurement, transportation, quality control, economies realized through coordination, on-going initiatives to capture value added in processing, and associated challenges in the East African context of small-holder farmers, credit and infrastructure constraints. |
| Keywords: | Ethiopia, coffee farmers, co-operatives, specialty coffee market, exports |
| JEL: | O13 Q01 Q13 Q17 |
| Date: | 2014–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:53901&r=agr |
| By: | Matsdotter, Elina (Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Elofsson, Katarina (Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Arntyr, Johan (Ramböll Sverige AB) |
| Abstract: | A majority of consumers claim to prefer climate-labelled food over non-labelled alternatives. However, there is limited empirical evidence that such labels actually influence consumer behaviour when shopping. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether qualitative information about a voluntary climate labelling scheme affects the demand for milk in the short run. In a randomized field experiment conducted in 17 retail stores in Sweden, the effects of a climate label on milk demand was measured. Results suggest that climate labelling increased demand for medium-fat climate labelled milk by approximately 7%. The response is significantly smaller than suggested by consumer surveys but larger than that observed in earlier studies of actual purchasing behaviour where quantitative information on climate impact was provided. |
| Keywords: | Climate labelling; milk; demand; voluntary policy instruments; randomized controlled trial |
| JEL: | D12 D83 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2014–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:slueko:2014_002&r=agr |
| By: | Kristin Cockerill; Pete Groothuis; Tanga Mohr; Courtney Cooper |
| Abstract: | Perceptions about water management are understudied, especially in humid regions. Yet as the population continues to grow and water demand increases, there will be a need to more closely manage water, even in humid regions. Understanding how people view water quantity, how they view paying for water supply, and how various geographic and demographic characteristics influence attitudes will be essential to managing water as a common pool resource. This project finds that among residents in rural western North Carolina there are strong correlations among water source (public supply vs. private well) and attitudes toward water management and conservation. There is a sense among these respondents that having access to an individualized water source segregates them from regional water concerns and they are therefore less likely to be willing to pay for water management or conservation measures. Additionally, those with an individualized source are more likely to believe that local or state government should not have the authority to manage what are perceived to be private sources. These results differ from a national survey, providing evidence that it may be prudent to assess attitudes locally / regionally before any attempt to implement water management or conservation policies. Key Words: |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:14-04&r=agr |
| By: | Susari Geldenhuys, Frans Dreyer and Chris van Heerden |
| Abstract: | South African white maize is considered to be significantly more volatile than any other agricultural product traded on the South African Futures Exchange (SAFEX). This accentuates the need to effectively manage price risk, by means of hedging, to ensure a more profitable and sustainable maize production sector (Geyser, 2013: 39; Jordaan et al., 2007: 320). This paper attempts to address this challenge by making use of technical analysis, focusing on the development of a practical and applicable composite technical indicator with the purpose of improving the timing of price risk management decisions identified by individual technical indicators. This substantiated the compilation of a composite indicator that takes both leading and lagging indicators into account to more accurately identify hedging opportunities. The results validated the applicability of such a composite indicator, as the composite indicator outperformed the individual technical indicators in the white maize market over the period under investigation. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural commodity market, efficient market, composite indicator, hedging, technical analysis, trading market, trending market, South Africa, white maize |
| JEL: | G13 G14 G32 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:423&r=agr |
| By: | Levente Timar (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research and GNS Science); Suzi Kerr (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | This paper documents the development of new land-use intensity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions modules for the Land Use in Rural New Zealand (LURNZ) model. These modules translate simulated land-use outcomes into measures of rural economic activity and greenhouse gas emissions for dairy farming and sheep-beef farming. Emissions in LURNZ include those from livestock as well as from synthetic fertiliser use. We utilise the latest set of emission factors along with information on the distribution of rural activities to model GHG emissions in a spatially and temporally explicit manner. Our results at the national level are approximately consistent with New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory. |
| Keywords: | Land-use intensity, greenhouse gas emissions, LURNZ |
| JEL: | Q15 Q58 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:14_03&r=agr |
| By: | Nagler, Paula (Maastricht University); Naudé, Wim (Maastricht School of Management) |
| Abstract: | We are the first to provide a comparative empirical analysis of non-farm entrepreneurship in rural Africa, using the World Bank's unique LSMSISA dataset. This dataset covers six countries over the period 2005 to 2012. We find that rural enterprises tend to be small, informal household enterprises that provide predominantly goods and services to the local economy, and operate intermittently due to seasonality in farming. We furthermore establish that the likelihood of operating an off-farm enterprise depends on individual capabilities, household characteristics and institutional factors. While the results of some variables show consistency across the sample, we also find much heterogeneity, suggesting that rural entrepreneurship is also a response to country-level circumstances and policies. Although more than 50 years have passed since rural development was identified as a priority for African countries, rural entrepreneurship continues to fulfill mainly a risk-diversifying role. This may suggest that policies to foster effective rural-urban migration and wage employment in rural areas, have largely failed in Africa. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, rural development, Sub-Saharan Africa, informal sector, labour markets, small business, SMEs |
| JEL: | Q12 O13 O55 M13 J43 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8008&r=agr |
| By: | SHIMOTSU Katsumi |
| Abstract: | Since its enactment in 1974 until its easing in the 1990s, the Large-Scale Retail Store Law ( Daikibo Kouri Tenpo Ho ) strictly regulated the entry of large-scale retailers in cities in Japan to protect local small and medium incumbent stores. This paper investigates the effect of large-scale retailers on the price level in Japan using city-level panel data from 1977 to 1992, the period when the Large-Scale Retail Store Law exercised strong entry restrictions. Using fixed effects estimation and instrumental variable estimation, we find that the presence of large-scale retailers, measured by their floor area relative to that of all of the retailers, has a negative effect on the price index of agricultural products, mass-produced food products, textiles, and durable goods. The estimation results suggest that a 10% increase in the relative floor area of large-scale retailers reduces the price level by around 0.3%-1.3%. |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:14013&r=agr |
| By: | BRENO RAMOS SAMPAIO; GUSTAVO RAMOS SAMPAIO; YONY SAMPAIO |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:188&r=agr |
| By: | Sarah Jacobson (Williams College) |
| Abstract: | Temporal spillovers occur when a conservation program changes what happens to land outside the temporal window of the conservation contract. This may happen when conservation improves land so that returns to non-conservation uses are increased, or when landowners’ preferences become more pro-conservation as they see land flourish under conservation, for example. These post-contract changes may occur on the extensive margin (acres of land conserved) or intensive margin (intensity of land in a given use). If temporal spillovers exist, benefits from conservation programs estimated by focusing solely on the effects that occur during the conservation contract will overstate or understate the true benefits of the program. I lay out a simple model of temporal spillovers. I test this model in the context of the United States Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). I use a pre-analysis sample specification step to choose counterfactual land most like the CRP land. On the extensive margin, I find that CRP causes some land to be 22-27% more likely to be farmed, potentially offsetting some environmental benefits. However, farmed ex-CRP land is slightly more likely to use a conservation practice. This is a mitigating factor on the intensive margin. |
| Keywords: | temporal spillovers, slippage, land use, payments for environmental services, Conservation Reserve Program |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q24 Q58 R14 |
| Date: | 2010–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2014-01&r=agr |
| By: | Xiaoying Liu, Mare Sarr and Timothy Swanson |
| Abstract: | We examine the effect of the introduction of uniform water-charging for aquifer management and provide evidence using a survey-based choice experiment of agricultural water users in rural Tunisia. Theoretically, we show that the implementation of the proposed second-best regulation would result both in efficiency gains and in distributional effects in favour of small landholders. Empirically, we find that resistance to the introduction of an effective water-charging regime is greatest amongst the largest landholders. Resistance to the regulation of common resources may be sourced in the manner in which heterogeneity might determine the distributional impact of different management regimes. |
| Keywords: | Resistance, Regulation, Common Resources, Tunisia |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:414&r=agr |
| By: | PAULA CARVALHO PEREDA; DENISARD ALVES |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:199&r=agr |
| By: | durongkaveroj, wannaphong |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to present an application of SAM multiplier to Total Poverty Gap using simulation and speculation method. Also, an appropriate trade policy was derived in each region aimed at reducing poverty. The results revealed that income level and exogenous macroeconomic shock were an important factor in getting the poor out of destitution. Moreover, to reduce poverty, meat sector should be strongly supported to be exported commodity in North America, Latin America, and EU25. Additionally, processed food sector should be encouraged in Oceania, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Light manufacturing products should be promoted in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. And Middle East and North Africa can reduce its poverty through an increase in heavy manufacturing sector |
| Keywords: | sam multiplier, multiplier, poverty, total poverty gap |
| JEL: | C6 C67 C68 D31 I32 O15 O24 O5 O57 |
| Date: | 2014–02–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:53988&r=agr |
| By: | Venditto, Bruno; Caruso, Immacolata; Noviello, Valentina |
| Abstract: | The Mediterranean Diet (MD) derived from the Greek word “díaita” according to nutritionists is a “traditional diet” which is adapted to all people living in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea whose ancestors moved to the “cultivated food”. In recent years the MD has received worldwide attention particularly for its health impact. As indicated in the pioneer work of Ancel Keys and subsequently on that of many recent scholars. The lifestyle attached to the MD is the best medicine to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). The MD however, cannot be simply identified with the “food” but must be seen as a holistic concept which promotes first of all social integration among the principal actors, which is derived by the practice of eating together, but also by the common practices of cultivation and harvesting linked to a seasonal calendar marked by nature and religious or ritual meanings attached to the rural life. For this reason in 2010 the MD received inscription on the UNESCO Representative list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This paper highlights how focusing on the protection and promotion of the MD could be made possible to strengthen the Mediterranean countries from both economic and socio-cultural point of view. In this perspective the Mediterranean basin could emerge as an area of convergence between countries and regions in North and South of its shores. This would be possible through the creation of a partnership that aims at the production of goods of “Mediterranean quality”. The role of women in this context has been particularly considered essential in the transmission of expertise well as knowledge of rituals, traditional gestures, celebrations and safeguarding of techniques at the base of the protection of the MD. |
| Keywords: | Mediterranean Diet, Food Security, Euro Mediterranean Cooperation |
| JEL: | O13 Q18 Q3 |
| Date: | 2014–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:53422&r=agr |
| By: | ALEXANDRE GORI MAIA; JOSÉ MARIA JARDIM DA SILVEIRA |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2013:196&r=agr |
| By: | Mark Siemers; Steve Plotkin; Philip W. Gassman (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD)) |
| Abstract: | The interactive APEX (i_APEX) is a user friendly interface for the physical process and environmental fate model, Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) (Williams et al., 2006, 2008; Williams and Izaurralde, 2006; Gassman et al., 2010). I_APEX is programmed in C++ and performs automatic management of the input data, execution of each APEX run, and data storage of selected model outputs using a single Microsoft ACCESS database to manage both the input and output data required for APEX simulations. The model provides a well organized easily understood interface with definitions and help assistance for most variables. The greatest advantage of i_APEX is in its ability to perform multiple model runs (over 100,000 runs in a run-set) in “batch†mode for each record selected in the Control Records Table. This provides a tremendous advantage when attempting to model multiple scenario permutations for a single field or small watershed, or in modeling thousands of agricultural fields and other land-uses over a large area such as a river basin or region. |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:13-tr50&r=agr |
| By: | Fracasso, Andrea |
| Abstract: | This work investigates the determinants of virtual water trade (VWT) flows by means of an estimated gravity model of trade applied to the virtual water embodied in the agricultural goods exchanged across countries. In line with the recent literature on the gravity model, the paper presents a battery of estimation methods: cross-section and panel, OLS and pseudo maximum likelihood, with and without two-way fixed effects. The analysis shows that bilateral VWT flows are affected by the classical determinants of trade, but also by national water endowments as well as by the level of pressure on water resources. These general findings are robust, even though some variation can be observed across the estimation methods and, in particular, when smaller sub-samples of countries (such as continents and regional groups) are considered. This contributes to account for the mixed evidence in the literature on the importance of water endowments for the VWT flows. |
| Keywords: | Virtual Water, Gravity Model of Trade |
| JEL: | F11 F18 Q25 Q56 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:54124&r=agr |
| By: | ANDRÉ ALBUQUERQUE SANT'ANNA |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:198&r=agr |
| By: | Johan Fourie and Erik Green |
| Abstract: | Because information about the livelihoods of indigenous groups is often missing from colonial records, their presence usually escapes attention in quantitative estimates of colonial economic activity. This is nowhere more apparent than in the eighteenth-century Dutch Cape Colony, where the role of the Khoesan in Cape production, despite being frequently acknowledged, has been almost completely ignored in quantitative investigations. Combining household-level settler data with anecdotal accounts of Khoesan labour, this paper explores the effect of including Khoesan farm labour estimates in earlier calculations of slave productivity, societal inequality, and GDP growth in the Dutch East India Company period. |
| Keywords: | Cape Colony, Khoesan, labour, settler, Africa |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:425&r=agr |
| By: | Kozo Mayumi (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima); Mario Giampietro (Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses the surprising lack of quality control on the analysis and selection on energy policies observable in the last decades. As an example, we discuss the delusional idea that it is possible to replace fossil energy with large scale ethanol production from agricultural crops. But if large scale ethanol production is not practical in energetic terms, why huge amount of money has been invested in it and is it still being invested? In order to answer this question we introduce two concepts useful to frame, in general terms, the predicament of quality control in science: (i) the concept of “granfalloons” proposed by K. Vonnegut (1963) flagging the danger of the formation of “crusades to save the world” void of real meaning. These granfalloons are often used by powerful lobbies to distort policy decisions; and (ii) the concept of Post- Normal science by S. Funtowicz and J. Ravetz (1990) indicating a standard predicament faced by science when producing information for governance. When mixing together uncertainty, multiple-scale and legitimate but contrasting views it becomes impossible to deal with complex issue using the conventional scientific approach based on reductionism. We finally discuss the implications of a different approach to the assessment of alternative energy sources by introducing the concept of Promethean technology. |
| Keywords: | energy policy, biofuel, ethanol, Post-Normal science, Promethean technology, responsible development |
| JEL: | O11 P48 Q43 Q57 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aub:uhewps:2014_01&r=agr |
| By: | Hiranya K. Nath (Department of Economics and International Business, Sam Houston State University) |
| Abstract: | This article presents an overview of retail trade in India in the wake of the country’s new policy that will allow foreign capital in multi-band retailing. It discusses various potential benefits and costs of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector, particularly in terms of its effects on traditional retailers, employment, consumers, farmers, and local manufacturers. It argues that given somewhat slower growth projection for the Indian economy during the next decade, various structural issues including inadequate infrastructure and a lack of affordable real estate, and the prevalent structure of the agricultural markets, it is unlikely that all the potential benefits and costs will be realized to their fullest extent, at least in the foreseeable future. The economic dynamics and the political process will play an important role in determining the outcomes of this move to allow FDI in the retail sector and will ultimately determine the effects on various stakeholders. |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shs:wpaper:1404&r=agr |
| By: | Neil Balchin, Lawrence Edwards and Asha Sundaram |
| Abstract: | Empirical evidence on the extent to which product markets are integrated within Africa remains noticeably limited. This paper uses highly disaggregated retail price data for 32 narrowly defined products collected at the district level in five SADC countries (Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia) and Uganda to assess the extent to which product prices are integrated within and between these countries. We find evidence of large and persistent absolute deviations from the law of one price (LOP) both within and between each of the six countries. We also find that price dispersion is higher between the six countries in comparison to within individual countries. Simple econometric estimates indicate that, on average, absolute price deviations between country pairs are smaller for countries adjacent to each other and for countries that share common membership in the Southern African Customs Union, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa or the East African Community. We find no evidence that product prices in the region have become more integrated between 2001 and 2011, despite the liberalization of tariffs under the SADC Protocol on Trade. This implies that trade liberalization may not be sufficient on its own to generate greater product market integration within the region. |
| Keywords: | Product market integration, Price dispersion, Retail prices, Law of one price, African regional integration, Southern African Development Community |
| JEL: | F14 F15 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:421&r=agr |
| By: | Bastos, Paulo; Castro, Lucio; Cristia, Julian; Scartascini, Carlos |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits unique features of a recently introduced tariff schedule for natural gas in Buenos Aires to estimate the short-run impact of price shocks on residential energy utilization. The schedule induces a nonlinear and non-monotonic relationship between households'accumulated consumption and unit prices, thus generating exogenous price variation, which is exploited in a regression-discontinuity design. The results reveal that a price increase causes a prompt and significant decline in gas consumption. They also indicate that consumers respond more to recent past bills than to expected prices, which argues against the assumption that consumers have perfect awareness of complex price schedules. |
| Keywords: | Consumption,Climate Change Economics,Economic Theory&Research,Energy Production and Transportation,Markets and Market Access |
| Date: | 2014–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6785&r=agr |
| By: | Ibrahim Alhulail (Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University); Kenji Takeuchi (Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of economic incentives on the sales of ecofriendly vehicles in Japan. We focus on the Tonnage and Acquisition Tax Cuts for Eco-Friendly Vehicles and the two waves of Eco-Car Subsidies implemented in Japan. We use the monthly sales data of 10 vehicles from April 2006 to March 2013. We find that the effects of the tax incentives were more significant than the effect of gasoline price. This is in contrast to results from the United States and Canada, where gasoline prices have had a larger effect on increasing the adoption levels of hybrid electric vehicles. The difference is due to the structure of the tax cut. Japanfs policy of taxes paid upon purchase was more effective compared to the policies in the United States and Canada, where certain tax cuts were on income taxes. |
| Keywords: | Eco-Friendly Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Tax Cuts, Subsidy, Gasoline Prices |
| JEL: | L62 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koe:wpaper:1412&r=agr |
| By: | GUILHERME BERSE RODRIGUES LAMBAIS; MARCELO MARQUES DE MAGALHÃES; JOSÉ MARIA FERREIRA JARDIM DA SILVEIRA |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:200&r=agr |