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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2011‒04‒23
28 papers chosen by |
| By: | Weersink, Alfons; Deaton, B. James; Bryan, James; Meilke, Karl |
| Keywords: | land, price, ontario, canada, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:catptp:102302&r=agr |
| By: | Hailu, Getu; Weersink, Alfons |
| Keywords: | index, traders, commodity, price, volatility, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:catptp:102305&r=agr |
| By: | Viju, Crina; Kerr, William A.; Mekkaoui, Cherine |
| Keywords: | trade, eu, canada, agreement, agriculture, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:catptp:102304&r=agr |
| By: | Meilke, Karl; Cairns, Alex |
| Keywords: | supply management, milk, ontario, canada, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:catptp:102303&r=agr |
| By: | Rude, James; Gervais, J. P.; Felt, Marie-Helene |
| Keywords: | COL, trade, hog, pork, canada, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2010–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:catptp:102301&r=agr |
| By: | Andrius Kazukauskas (Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin); Carol Newman (Department of Economics and Institute for International Integration Studies, Trinity College Dublin); Daragh Clancy (Rural Eocnomy Research Centre, Teagasc, Ireland); Johannes Sauer (Department of Economics, University of Manchester) |
| Abstract: | As a consequence of the recent reform of the Common Agricultural Policy the agricultural sector throughout the EU is undergoing a process of major structural change. The removal of direct payments and price support policies are expected to change farmers' behaviour and force them to reconsider their participation in agricultural production. In this paper we perform an ex-post cross-country farm level empirical analysis of farmers' market exit behaviour in response to these reforms. Using a panel dataset for the EU15 countries for the period 2001-2005, we apply quasi-experimental empirical methods to identify the causal relationship between the decoupling policy and farm market exit. Our analysis shows that, contrary to a priori expectations, the probability of farm exit decreased due to the policy change, particularly for farms where payments are only partially decoupled. We also find, however, that the reform facilitated exit for farms that had already made the decision to leave the sector. |
| Keywords: | Common Agricultural Policy, subsidy decoupling, farm exit, difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iis:dispap:iiisdp362&r=agr |
| By: | Ivanic, Maros; Martin, Will; Zaman, Hassan |
| Abstract: | Global food prices have increased substantially since mid-2010, as have prices in many developing countries. In this study we assess the poverty impact of the price changes between June and December 2010 in twenty-eight low and middle income countries. This is done by gathering detailed information on individual households'food production and consumption levels for thirty-eight agricultural and food commodities to assess the impacts on household welfare. This study estimates that this sudden food price surge increased the number of poor people globally, but with considerably different impacts in different countries. The heterogeneity of these impacts is partly related to the wide variation in the transmission of global prices to local prices and partly to differences in households'patterns of production and consumption. On balance, the adverse welfare impact on net buyers outweighs the benefits to net sellers resulting in an increase in the number of poor and in the depth of poverty. We estimate that the average poverty change was 1.1 percentage points in low income countries and 0.7 percentage points in middle income countries with a net increase of 44 million people falling below the $1.25 per day extreme poverty line. |
| Keywords: | Food&Beverage Industry,Rural Poverty Reduction,Markets and Market Access,Regional Economic Development |
| Date: | 2011–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5633&r=agr |
| By: | Calzadilla, Alvaro; Rehdanz, Katrin; Tol, Richard S. J. |
| Abstract: | Based on predicted changes in the magnitude and distribution of global precipitation, temperature and river flow under the IPCC SRES A1B and A2 scenarios, this study assesses the potential impacts of climate change and CO2 fertilization on global agriculture, and its interactions with trade liberalisation as proposed for the Doha Development Round. The analysis uses the new version of the GTAP-W model, which distinguishes between rainfed and irrigated agriculture and implements water as an explicit factor of production for irrigated agriculture. Significant reductions in agricultural tariffs lead to modest changes in regional water use. Patterns are non-linear. On the regional level water use may go up for partial liberalization, and down for more complete liberalization. This is because different crops respond differently to tariff reductions, and because trade and competition matter too. Moreover, trade liberalization tends to reduce water use in water scarce regions, and increase water use in water abundant regions, even though water markets do not exist in most countries. Considering impacts of climate change the results show that global food production, welfare and GDP fall over time while food prices increase. Larger changes are observed under the SRES A2 scenario for the medium term (2020) and under the SRES A1B scenario for the long term (2050). Combining scenarios of future climate change with trade liberalization countries are affected differently. However, the overall effect on welfare does not change much. |
| Keywords: | Climate change/competition/impacts/Impacts of climate change/scenarios |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp381&r=agr |
| By: | Sawka, Alison L.; Kerr, William A. |
| Keywords: | COOL, WTO, labelling, despite, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:catptp:102306&r=agr |
| By: | Roberts, Anna M.; Pannell, David J.; Doole, Graeme; Vigiak, Olga |
| Abstract: | A target to reduce phosphorus flows into the Gippsland Lakes in south-eastern Australia by 40 per cent to improve water quality has previously been established by stakeholders. An integrated analysis at the catchment scale is undertaken to assess the agricultural land management changes required to achieve this target, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these changes. It appears technically feasible to achieve a 40 per cent reduction in P load entering the lakes, but the least-costly way of doing so would require around A$1 billion over 20 years, a dramatic increase in the current levels of funding provided for management. On the other hand, a 20 per cent P reduction could be achieved at much lower cost: around $80 million over 20 years and requiring more modest land-management changes. The choice of optimal landmanagement strategies depends upon whether on-going costs for management maintenance are likely to be available after the initial funding ceased. Reliance on voluntary adoption of âCurrent Recommended Practicesâ (CRPs) is unlikely to deliver changes in management practices at the scale required to have sufficient environmental impacts. Enforcement of existing regulations for the dairy industry would be amongst the most cost-effective management strategies. The major implications of this work for agriculturally induced diffuse-source pollution include the need for feedback between goal setting and program costs, and consideration of factors such as the levels of landholder adoption of new practices that are required, and the feasibility of achieving those adoption levels. Costs, land holder adoption of new practices and socio-political risks appear neglected in the formulation of many water quality programs. The framework used in this study provides a strong basis for discussion and debate about the environmental outcomes that can be achieved with limited budgets and also about the agricultural production and environmental tradeoffs required to reduce diffuse-source nutrient pollution. The results are relevant to comparable water-quality programs worldwide. |
| Keywords: | benefit: cost analysis, dairy, diffuse source, trade-offs, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q15, Q25, Q53, Q57, |
| Date: | 2010–07–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:102454&r=agr |
| By: | Allan Pineda; Marco Aguero; Sandra Espinoza |
| Abstract: | Honduran farmers are at a disadvantage when dealing with intermediaries because they lack timely information about market prices. This paper first analyzes which information and communications technology (ICT) would be most suitable for sending price information to producers scattered throughout the country at a reasonable cost and in a sustainable way. Negotiations by two groups of farmers were compared: one to which market prices were not sent (control) and one to which prices were sent (treatment). A simple uninterrupted time series research design was used, followed by linear regression analysis and univariant analyses to determine the cases in which the treatment had an impact on farmers’ negotiations. Findings are reported, as well as recommendations and lessons learned. |
| JEL: | D24 O33 Q12 Q13 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:wpaper:4713&r=agr |
| By: | Gbakou, Monnet Benoit Patrick; Sousa-Poza, Alfonso |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to estimate the price and income elasticities of the demand for essential commodities in Cote d'Ivoire. Using data from the 2002 Cote d'Ivoire Living Standard Survey and a theoretical framework developed by Crawford et al. (2003), we analyse price effects on the demand for groups of commodities by exploiting a relationship between unit values and commodity quantities and deriving Engel curves. Our findings reveal that the own-price elasticity of meat and dairy products is considerably stronger for rich households (those in the 90th percentile of total expenditure) than for poor households (those in the 10th percentile of total expenditure). Although all the modelled groups of commodities are normal goods, the paper shows that starch is more of a necessity for poor households than for rich ones, whereas meat and dairy products are more of a luxury good for poor households than for rich households. -- |
| Keywords: | Consumer demand,Unit values,Developing country |
| JEL: | D11 D12 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fziddp:272011&r=agr |
| By: | Alassane Drabo (CERDI - Centre d'études et de recherches sur le developpement international - CNRS : UMR6587 - Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I) |
| Abstract: | In the economic literature it is generally found that trade openness affects environment through various channels. While the mechanisms through which trade is associated with pollution are largely investigated theoretically and empirically, the role played by each trade component has not yet received enough attention. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by examining the consequences of agricultural primary commodity export on population's health via physical environment degradation. Using panel data from 1991 to 2009, and instrumental variables technique, the findings suggest that agricultural primary commodity export increases agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions as well as water pollution (biological oxygen demand). This environmental degradation from trade worsens population's health (infant and child mortality rates, and life expectancy at birth). These results are robust to different subcomponents of primary agricultural export, to African sample, and to other environmental variables considered. |
| Keywords: | primary commodity;agriculture;Trade;environment;health;instrumental variables technique |
| Date: | 2011–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00586034&r=agr |
| By: | Alassane DRABO |
| Abstract: | In the economic literature it is generally found that trade openness affects environment through various channels. While the mechanisms through which trade is associated with pollution are largely investigated theoretically and empirically, the role played by each trade component has not yet received enough attention. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by examining the consequences of agricultural primary commodity export on population's health via physical environment degradation. Using panel data from 1991 to 2009, and instrumental variables technique, the findings suggest that agricultural primary commodity export increases agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions as well as water pollution (biological oxygen demand). This environmental degradation from trade worsens population's health (infant and child mortality rates, and life expectancy at birth). These results are robust to different subcomponents of primary agricultural export, to African sample, and to other environmental variables considered. |
| Keywords: | primary commodity, agriculture, Trade, environment, health, instrumental variables technique |
| JEL: | Q5 Q17 I1 F18 C3 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1253&r=agr |
| By: | Marielle Berriet-Solliec; Pierre Labarthe; Catherine Laurent; Jacques Baudry |
| Abstract: | There is a wide range of evaluation methods. On the basis of which criteria should one method be chosen? On what scientific foundations are the results of numerous evaluations based? How can reliability and empirical validity be tested? The relevance of such questions is heightened in new fields of action such as agri-environmental policy. This paper aims to demonstrate that theoretical advances on level and types of evidence (existence, causality, effectiveness) can help resolve these issues. The main evaluation methods are classified into three main categories, according to their main goal (to learn, measure, understand) and linked to the debate on types of evidence. The analysis is illustrated by comparing evaluation methods in the field of agroenvironmental policies and farm advisory services. Attention is drawn to the shortcomings of each method with respect to corroborating facts as well as existing complementarities and trade-offs between methods in terms of empirical validity. |
| Keywords: | Evaluation, Evidence, Agricultural extension, Agri-environnement |
| JEL: | B49 H83 Q18 Q58 |
| Date: | 2011–04–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ceo:wpaper:30&r=agr |
| By: | Mélise Jaud (EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics - Ecole d'Économie de Paris, World Bank - Banque Mondiale - France); Madina Kukenova (HEC Lausanne - Université de Lausanne) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the link between export survival of agri-food products and financial development. Our hypothesis is that financial developement differentially affects the survival of exports across products based on their need of external finance. We propose a test for the role of financial development by examining whether exports of products that are relatively more reliant on external capital survive longer when initiated in more financially developped countries. Our results suggest that agri-food products that require more external finance indeed sustain longer in foreign markets when exported from more financially developed countries. |
| Keywords: | Financial development ; external finance dependence ; agri-food trade ; SPS regulation ; product risk index duration of trade |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00586320&r=agr |
| By: | Mélise Jaud (EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics - Ecole d'Économie de Paris, World Bank - Banque Mondiale - France) |
| Abstract: | I develop a simple dynamic model of reputation-based transactions between a buyer in one country and a supplier in another. I use the model to study the impact of a more stringent regulation on the buyer optimal purchase volume within an existing buyer-seller partnership. A more stringent standard affects the volume of trade in two intuitive ways: directly, a stricter standard affects the supply of quality goods and indirectly through reputation. I refer to the former effect as the regulation effect, and to the latter as the reputation effect. I show that, whereas most of the empirical literature has so far assumed that more stringent standards would be likely to reduce trade, the net effect is in fact non-monotone, even without taking into account endogenous technological upgrading in the supplier country. It varies with the belief the buyer holds about his seller at the time the change in regulation takes place. For both very low and very high seller's reputation, the reputation effect is negligible vis-à-vis the regulation effect. For intermediate levels of the supplier's reputation, reputation has the power to significantly mitigate the direct negative effect of a more stringent sanitary standard on trade. This result has significant implications for developing countries, for which access to developed countries markets is by and large, said to be disproportionately constrained by stricter standards. |
| Keywords: | Product quality ; food safety ; reputation ; agricultural trade |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00586310&r=agr |
| By: | Atamanov, Aziz (Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, Maastricht University); Van den Berg, Marrit (Dept. of Development Economics, Wageningen University) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses two representative household budget surveys from the Kyrgyz Republic to analyze factors influencing participation and returns from different types of nonfarm activities in 2005 and 2006. Nonfarm activities are found to be most important for the poor, who are pushed out of agriculture due to limited and poor land resources. We also show that different nonfarm activities have different human capital requirements. Unlike other studies, we use the double hurdle model which allows us to demonstrate that a number of variables have different effects on participation and income from nonfarm activities. For example, residing in remote areas and lack of capital are found to stimulate participation in nonfarm activities, but decrease nonfarm income. Overall, the empirical analysis confirms the importance of rural nonfarm activities and indicates that equipping poor households to enable them to move towards better remunerative nonfarm activities should be a priority for Kyrgyz rural policy makers. |
| Keywords: | nonfarm activities, rural areas, Kyrgyz Republic, household income, nonfarm income, rural policy, public policy |
| JEL: | J18 J38 J43 J48 Q12 Q18 I32 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2011011&r=agr |
| By: | Jorge H. García; Matthew T. Heberling; Hale W. Thurston |
| Abstract: | Many kinds of water pollution occur in pulses, e.g., agricultural and urban runoff. Ecosystems, such as wetlands, can serve to regulate these pulses and smooth pollution distributions over time. This smoothing reduces total environmental damages when the “instantaneous” damage function is convex. This paper introduces a water quality trading model between a farm (a pulse-pollution source) and a firm (a more steady pollution source) where the object of exchange is the ‘temporary’ retention of runoff as opposed to total runoff reductions. The optimal trading ratio requires firm emissions to be offset by more than a proportional retention of the initial agricultural runoff pulse. The reason is twofold: a) emissions are steady over time and -in this sense- have relatively larger environmental impact, and b) certain kinds of runoff management cause otherwise inexistent delayed environmental damages. |
| Date: | 2010–05–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000416:008292&r=agr |
| By: | Curwen, Reece; Mugera, Amin W.; White, Ben |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether deregulation of the Australian wheat export market induced a structural change in the price data generation process. We examine the unit root properties of Western Australian wheat prices by testing for the possibility of single and double structural breaks in the price series. Daily prices for the period 20th of May 2003 to 14th of September 2010 are used. We find that the wheat price series has a unit root with two structural breaks but neither break coincided with the time when the Wheat Export Marketing Act 2008 came into effect on 1 July 2008. We conclude that change in local market behaviour would have started prior to actual deregulation with subsequent effect on local price. |
| Keywords: | deregulation, unit root, structural breaks, wheat price, Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis, Marketing, Q13, Q18, |
| Date: | 2011–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:102023&r=agr |
| By: | Alfredo Pistelli; Víctor Riquelme |
| Abstract: | This paper compares domestic food, energy and core inflation in a sample of 44 countries during the recent commodities price boom-and-bust cycle, and explains differences across countries. In particular, it explores the role of structural and cyclical factors in explaining cross-country differences. Structural factors are essential in explaining cross-country differences in food and energy inflation. Differences in both price levels and domestic price regulations are key and significant. About half of the difference between the increase in domestic food prices in Chile from 2007 to 2008, and the average food inflation for the whole sample of countries, was explained by these factors. Even though the unexplained component of food and energy inflation in Chile is positive and greater than that of other countries during the boom, actual core inflation was less than expected inflation using the model. This is evidence contrary to the de-anchoring of inflation expectations hypothesis. |
| Date: | 2010–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chb:bcchwp:567&r=agr |
| By: | Seth R. Gitter; James Manley; Bradford Barham |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the efficacy of three conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs in Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua in mitigating the potential negative effects of an income shock caused by falling prices of coffee, an important cash crop to many CCT participants. A theoretical household model is developed that demonstrates both the positive potential of CCTs to mitigate negative shocks effects on early childhood development and the negative potential of CCTs to exacerbate the impacts of a negative shock to early childhood development if the conditionality encourages households to shift resources from younger to older children to sustain their school attendance. The experimental design includes both CCT and non-CCT households and communities with and without coffee production. The paper finds that in Mexico the CCT mitigated the negative shock on child height-for-age z-scores, while in Nicaragua coffeeproducing households who participated in CCTs saw greater declines in z-scores. Findings for Honduras are largely inconclusive. |
| JEL: | H43 I12 I38 O15 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:wpaper:4715&r=agr |
| By: | Pannell, David J.; Roberts, Anna M.; Park, Geoff; Curatolo, April; Marsh, Sally P.; Alexander, Jennifer |
| Abstract: | A framework for comprehensive integrated assessment of environmental projects is developed and applied in partnership with a regional environmental body. The framework combines theory with practice, bringing a pragmatic and efficient approach to the rigorous assessment of projects for a large number of environmental assets in the north central region of the state of Victoria, Australia. Key features of the study include extensive participation of decision makers and stakeholders, integration of a comprehensive set of information about projects, explicit assessment of uncertainties and information gaps, and analysis of the most appropriate policy mechanism for each project. The process of applying the framework involved four steps: identification of around 300 important environmental assets in the region, filtering the list of assets to remove those that are less likely to provide opportunities for costeffective public investment, development and detailed assessment of projects for a subset of assets, and negotiation of funding for projects. The analysis assisted the environmental body to make strong business cases for a number of environmental projects, resulting in funding for those projects. Implications for land-use policy include that environmental projects vary widely in their cost-effectiveness, requiring careful targeting of funds if environmental benefits are to be maximised. Many existing environmental programs use simplistic analyses to support decision making, resulting in missed opportunities for substantially greater environmental benefits. Promoting adoption of improved analytical methods is very challenging, requiring changes in mind-set and culture in environmental organisations. Widespread adoption is unlikely unless funders create incentives by rewarding those project proponents who undertake rigorous and comprehensive project assessments that focus on achievement of environmental outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q20, Q50, |
| Date: | 2011–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:102455&r=agr |
| By: | Michael Pedersen |
| Abstract: | When a specific price is affected by a shock, this may spread to other prices and thus affect the overall inflation rate by more than the initial effect. This phenomenon is known as propagation of inflationary shocks and is the subject investigated in the present paper. It is argued that structural VAR models, with an imposed Cholesky decomposition, are suitable for the propagation analysis when the data vector includes the component affected by the initial shock and the rest of the CPI basket. The empirical analysis with annual Chilean inflation rates suggests that the propagation effects have generally diminished after the implementation of the inflation-targeting regime in September 1999. Propagation of shocks to the division including food prices, however, has increased, albeit with a delay of four months. An analysis of propagation of energy and food price shocks in seven industrialized and four Latin-American countries suggests that the effects in Chile are amongst the largest and, in the case of energy price shocks, with the longest duration. |
| Date: | 2010–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chb:bcchwp:566&r=agr |
| By: | Jaud, Melise; Cadot, Olivier |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether the Pesticides Initiative Program has significantly affected the export performance of Senegal'shorticulture industry. The authors apply two main microeconometric techniques, difference-in-differences and matching difference-in-differences, to identify the effect of the Pesticides Initiative Program on exports of fresh fruits and vegetables. They use a unique firm-level dataset containing data on sales, employment, and exports by product and destination markets, as well as firm enrolment year, over 2000-2008. The results suggest that wile the program had no significant effect on exports pooled over all products and destinations, it had a positive effect when considering fresh fruits and vegetables exports to the European Union. |
| Keywords: | E-Business,Markets and Market Access,Food&Beverage Industry,Microfinance,Economic Theory&Research |
| Date: | 2011–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5635&r=agr |
| By: | Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a two period overlapping generation model on the effects of child nutrition in developing countries.The model gives rise to multiple equilibria including a poverty trap. We show that child nutrition status affects unfavorably the evolution of human capital and leads countries into poverty. We consider different exogenous foreign aid policies implemented by international organizations such as the World Food Program (WFP). We find that school feeding programs solve social problems like child labor.However, they do not necessarily lead countries to achieve economic development. On the contrary they can lead to poverty if the initial human capital is low. We show that if subsidies are high enough they can prevent a country from going into poverty. Also, we argue that if the WFP provides fixed amount of food to households, then a quality-quantity trade off takes place. Parents decrease the nutrition of their offsprings and increase their number of children.Consequently, total nutrition decreases and the developing country is trickles down and gets locked into poverty trap for any given level of human capital |
| Keywords: | Child Nutrition; Foreign Aids; poverty traps; human capital;school meals |
| JEL: | O1 O10 I12 I10 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:30066&r=agr |
| By: | Tol, Richard S. J. |
| Abstract: | The national version of FUND3.6 is used to infrapolate the impacts of climate change to the 20th century. Carbon dioxide fertilization of crops and reduced energy demand for heating are the main positive impacts. Climate change had a negative effect on water resources and, in most years, human health. Most countries benefitted from climate change until 1980, but after that the trend is negative for poor countries and positive for rich countries. The global average impact was positive. |
| Keywords: | Climate change/impacts/Impacts of climate change/Human health |
| Date: | 2011–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp376&r=agr |
| By: | Andrés J. Picazo-Tadeo (Departamento de Economía Aplicada II. Universidad de Valencia); Mercedes Beltrán-Esteve (Departamento de Economía Aplicada II. Universidad de Valencia); José A. Gómez-Limón (Departamento de Economía Agraria. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera. Córdoba.) |
| Abstract: | Eco-efficiency is a matter of concern at present that is receiving increasing attention in political, academic and business circles. Broadly speaking, this concept refers to the ability to create more goods and services with less impact on the environment and less consumption of natural resources, thus involving both economic and ecological issues. In this paper we propose the use of directional distance functions and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques to assess eco-efficiency. More specifically, we show how these functions can be used to compute a range of indicators representing different objectives of policymakers and/or firm managers regarding economic and ecological performance. Our methodological approach is illustrated by an empirical application to a sample of olive-growing farmers located in Southern Spain. Our foremost finding is that eco-inefficiency is a widespread managerial practice. We also suggest further avenues to explore in this burgeoning line of research. |
| Keywords: | Data Envelopment Analysis; eco-efficiency assessment; directional distance functions |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eec:wpaper:1110&r=agr |