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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2009‒05‒09
eighteen papers chosen by |
| By: | Jerome Dumortier; Dermot J. Hayes (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD); Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI)) |
| Abstract: | The Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture Simulation Model (GreenAgSiM) presented in this paper aims to quantify emissions from agricultural activity on a global scale. The model takes emissions into account that are directly attributable to agricultural production, such as enteric fermentation (methane), manure management (methane and nitrous oxide), and agricultural soil management (nitrous oxide). Furthermore, carbon stock differences from land-use change (carbon dioxide) induced by agriculture are included in the model. The model will provide policy makers with information about the greenhouse gas implications of policy changes. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, greenhouse gas emissions, land-use change, methane, nitrous oxide, soil carbon. |
| Date: | 2009–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:09-wp490&r=agr |
| By: | Ikegami, Munenobu |
| Abstract: | We ask whether prime-age adult mortality due to HIV/AIDS decreases the endowment of knowledge for agricultural production in Kagera, Tanzania, reducing total factor productivity. We also quantify how much this negative effect contributes to the decrease in long-term household agricultural income growth compared to the contribution of decreased accumulation of productive assets; household members, land, and livestock. We find that prime-age adult mortality decreases the accumulation of knowledge stock as total factor productivity and the contribution of this negative effect to the decrease in agricultural income growth is larger than the contribution of decreased accumulation of each productive asset. |
| Keywords: | mortality; human capital; HIV/AIDS; agriculture; total factor productivity; Tanzania |
| JEL: | D9 Q12 O12 |
| Date: | 2009–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15065&r=agr |
| By: | Artz, Georgeanne M.; Colson, Gregory J.; Ginder, Roger |
| Abstract: | Cooperative approaches provide an alternative for small- and medium-sized producers to obtain the efficiencies of large farming operations and remain competitive in an increasingly concentrated agricultural industry. This article examines the motivation and effectiveness of equipment and labor sharing arrangements in the Midwestern US. Case study evidence shows that in addition to cost savings, access to skilled, seasonal labor is an important motivation for farm-level cooperation. Key factors identified for successful cooperative agreements include compatibility of operations and members' willingness to communicate and adapt. Sharing resources is found to improve farm profitability, efficiency and farmers' quality of life. |
| Keywords: | machinery sharing, skilled farm labor, productivity, farm-level cooperations |
| JEL: | Q1 Q12 Q13 |
| Date: | 2009–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:13065&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Abdullah, Amin Mahir |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to provide an insight into demand patterns of the Malay consumers for specific food categories in Malaysia. By utilizing Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005, a system of equations of Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model for 12 aggregated food products is estimated using a two-step estimation procedure. A Working-leser form of Engel function is also estimated to derive income elasticities from the estimated expenditure elasticities. This study shows that Malay consumers appear to have different food consumption patterns as compared to the general Malaysian diets. Malay consumers tend to increase their consumption of rice more than higher-value (meat and fish) and functional (vegetables and fruits) foods. Malay consumers are found to be very sensitive to the own-price of most of the food products, especially rice (-2.0241). |
| Keywords: | Food; Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System; Engel function |
| JEL: | D12 Q11 |
| Date: | 2008–07–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15064&r=agr |
| By: | Videh Upadhyay |
| Abstract: | The Study aims at reviewing legal, policy and institutional provisions for the management of natural resources-water and forest in the State of Uttaranchal with a special focus on how the laws actually operate in the field. |
| Keywords: | resource, wasteland, natural resource management, revenue department, UTTARANCHAL, water forest management, law, policy, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1908&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng |
| Abstract: | “Engel’s law” explains that the share of household expenditure on food typically falls as income and expenditure increase. The objectives of this study are to investigate the food expenditure patterns of different income groups and the relationships between household characteristics and expenditure patterns. Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005 data from Department of Statistics was used to analyze the food expenditure pattern of households. An expenditure model was developed and the coefficients are estimated by Working-Leser model. The estimated results are clearly a reflection of “Engel’s law”, resulting in higher income elasticity for lower income groups than higher income groups. The share of food expenditure increases with increase in income. The results also indicate that household size, races, age of household head, level of income, and gender are the main variables related to household food expenditure pattern. |
| Keywords: | Food expenditure pattern; Working-Leser; Engel’s Law; income; income elasticity |
| JEL: | D12 |
| Date: | 2008–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15031&r=agr |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin |
| Abstract: | In this paper we incorporate the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences), and suggest a framework for analyzing the mechanisms of governance of sustainable development. The agricultural sector is used to illustrate the approach, test the framework, and support with examples. Firstly, we discuss the modern concepts and the economics of sustainability. Secondly, we present a new framework for analysis and improvement of the governance of sustainable development. This new approach takes into account the role of specific institutional environment; and the behavioral characteristics of individual agents; and the transaction costs associated with the various forms of governance; and the critical factors of economic activity and exchanges; and the comparative efficiency of market, private, public and hybrid modes; and the potential of production structures for adaptation; and the comparative efficiency of alternative modes for public intervention. Finally, we identify specific modes for environmental governance in Bulgarian agriculture; and access the efficiency of market, private and public modes; and estimate the prospects for evolution of environmental governance in the conditions of EU CAP implementation. Agrarian development is associated with specific (different from other European states) environmental challenges such as degradation and contamination of farmland, pollution of surface and ground waters, loss of biodiversity, significant greenhouse gas emissions etc. That is a result of the specific institutional and governing structure evolving in the sector during the past 20 years. Implementation of the common EU policies will have unlike results in “Bulgarian” conditions enlarging income, technological, social and environmental discrepancy between different farms, sub-sectors and regions. Dominating subsistence farming, production cooperatives, small-scale commercial farms, and large business firms will be highly sustainable in years to come. |
| Keywords: | mechanisms of governance; sustainable development; institutions; market; private; public and hybrid modes of governance; transaction costs; agrarian sustainability; environmental governance; Bulgaria |
| JEL: | D02 O13 Q01 Q12 Q18 L14 D23 O17 Q13 Q56 L22 |
| Date: | 2009–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:14947&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Abdullah, Amin Mahir; Radam, Alias |
| Abstract: | One distinct change in Malaysians’ food consumption behavior has been the preference towards meat products. The entire agri-food industry is impacted by changes in food consumption behaviors. This study attempts to provide a better understanding of meat consumption behaviors, by estimating income and price elasticities in Malaysia. Expenditure and price elasticities are estimated by Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model in the first stage, followed by estimation of Engel function in the second stage in order to obtain the estimates of income elasticities for the meat products using Household Expenditure Survey 2004/05 data. The estimated positive and inelastic income elasticities indicate that all meat products are normal and necessity goods, except other meats. The estimates of the own-price elasticities of demand for all the meat products are greater than unity. This study shows that there would be increasing demand for major meat products among Malaysians in the future. |
| Keywords: | Meat; Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System model; Demand elasticity |
| JEL: | D12 |
| Date: | 2008–05–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15034&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to determine the impacts of three major factors: (a) price changes, (b) factor endowment changes, and (c) technological change on the relative decline of agriculture in China. However, the results suggest that only the price ratio has significant and positive impact on agriculture’s GDP share in China. Nevertheless, the variable of the price ratio explains the model well with about 99 percent of R2 value. The irrelatedness of other variables may require further investigation and explanation. |
| Keywords: | Relative decline; agriculture; price ratio |
| JEL: | O13 |
| Date: | 2008–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15057&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Mohamed Arshad, Fatimah; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Radam, Alias |
| Abstract: | As per capita income increases, consumers do not only demand for a greater quantity but also higher quality of food. The objective of this study is to examine the demand for meat quantity and quality in Malaysia. By using the Household Expenditure Survey 2004/05 data, expenditure, quantity, and quality expenditures are obtained via Engel curves analyses. The empirical results show that Malaysians are increasingly demanding for quality meat products. To be more specific, urban consumers are more likely to spend on higher quality meat products than rural consumers. By understanding and reacting to the changes in demand for meat products in Malaysia, Australia can offer the right range of meat products earlier than other competitors while continue enjoying their market leadership in the niche of quality meat segments. |
| Keywords: | Engel curves; Meat; Quantity; Quality |
| JEL: | D12 |
| Date: | 2008–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15032&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Abdullah, Amin Mahir; Radam, Alias |
| Abstract: | The market information is important in facilitating marketing system from production to the downstream. The purpose of this study is to estimate the Malaysian consumers’ demand for vegetables. By using Household Expenditure Survey 2004/05 data, demands for 6 vegetables are analyzed via a multi-stage budgeting system. The estimated demand elasticities show that the demands for all vegetables are found to increase when per capita income rises. Most of the vegetables are found to respond substantially to changes in their own prices and in the directions as expected with estimated negative own-price elasticities, which is more than unity (except podded vegetable). |
| Keywords: | Vegetable; multi-stage budgeting system; demand elasticities |
| JEL: | D12 |
| Date: | 2008–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15033&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Abdullah, Amin Mahir; Radam, Alias |
| Abstract: | As a typical developing Asian county, the growth in per capita income generally brings to diversification in Malaysians food basket. The most significant observation is the falling in per capita consumption of rice with continuous growth of demand for wheat based products. The objective of this study is to estimate the demand elasticities of rice in Malaysia, focusing whether rice is an inferior good. By using data from Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005, this study obtains demand elasticities of rice, as well as for other 11 food items via Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) and Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The empirical results indicate that income elasticity of demand for rice (0.7104) is the highest compared to other food items in the LA/AIDS model, while income elasticity of demand for wheat (0.5087) is higher than rice (0.4712). Both of the income elasticities of demand for rice suggest that rice is not an inferior good in Malaysia. However, by comparing both estimates of demand elasticities and adjusted R2s, the QUAIDS model provides more plausible results than the LA/AIDS model. |
| Keywords: | Rice; Wheat; Inferior Good; Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System; Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System; Income Elasticity |
| JEL: | Q11 D12 |
| Date: | 2008–08–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15062&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Abdullah, Amin Mahir; Radam, Alias |
| Abstract: | Demand analyses of food are deemed important to provide up-to-date indications of the demand behavior in future. This study is to determine which the model specification, as well as analyze the effects of demographic and socio-economic factors on of food demand in Malaysia. Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005 data is analyzed by using Working Leser, Linear Engel model (LEM), Quadratic Engel model (QEM), and Linear Approximate Demand System (LA/AIDS). The empirical shows that LEM and QEM provide better results, in term of adjusted R2 and rationality of expenditure elasticities. Also, demographic variables improve the performance of all the selected models. |
| Keywords: | demand analyses; food; Malaysia; expenditure elasticity |
| JEL: | D12 Q11 |
| Date: | 2008–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15063&r=agr |
| By: | Madalozzo, Regina |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibm:ibmecp:wpe_158&r=agr |
| By: | Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng; Shamsudin, Mad Nasir; Mohamed, Zainalabidin; Abdullah, Amin Mahir; Radam, Alias |
| Abstract: | With Malaysian government plan to increase production of beef and open the beef market to more abattoirs from other countries, domestic beef market has become more challenging. The domestic beef market is postulated to be available in a variety of qualities in future. Consumers do not only make decisions on how much to purchase but also at what qualities. This study is to analyze consumer evaluation of quality and quantity on demand for beef in Malaysia. A demand model incorporated consumer socio-economic variables and another applied demand analysis incorporated quality variable are estimated via two-stage least squares. Beef demand elasticities are estimated in the first demand model and a quality elasticity of demand for beef is estimated in the second applied demand analysis. The models are applied to a cross-sectional data set from Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005. The results indicate that beef demand is inelastic to meat expenditure and to its own price. On another side, the results also indicate that beef demand is inelastic to quality. The elasticities in this study suggest that consumers substitute quantity for quality in demand for beef in Malaysia. |
| Keywords: | beef; quality; quantity; demand elasticity; quality elasticity |
| JEL: | D12 |
| Date: | 2008–05–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15035&r=agr |
| By: | Michel Vernières (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I) |
| Abstract: | En un premier temps, la question de l'identification du rural est abordée tout comme l'interrogation, issue de sa diversité, quant à la pertinence d'en faire un sujet d'étude spécifique. En un deuxième temps sont identifiées les principales caractéristiques du rural, sources potentielles d'inégalités par rapport aux zones urbaines. Mais la concrétisation ou la réduction de ces inégalités relève d'un facteur crucial : la gouvernance de ces territoires. |
| Keywords: | Rural ; territoires ; inégalités |
| Date: | 2009–05–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00379451_v1&r=agr |
| By: | Gibbs, Michael (University of Chicago GSB); Tapia, Mikel (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid); Warzynski, Frederic (Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business) |
| Abstract: | We develop a simple model of the effects of reputation on wine prices. An increasing fraction of consumers who are “naïve” (less well informed about wine quality) results in a stronger sensitivity of wine prices to ratings of quality. We then use data on prices and Robert Parker’s ratings of wines, to show that prices have become more related to Parker ratings over time. In addition, we find that a change in Parker rating has a stronger effect on price, the stronger is the wine’s reputation. |
| Keywords: | No; keywords |
| JEL: | A10 |
| Date: | 2009–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:aareco:2009_003&r=agr |
| By: | Juusola, Pia (Jönköping International Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the hedonic housing model to assess economic values to high value meadows and grazings located in rural settings. The hypothesis is that residential purchase prices include premiums for properties located in the surrounding areas of such environments. The dataset consist of 7565 property transactions sold during the period 1977-2007. The main findings are that houses located in the immediate surrounding area of these lands were on average 2.6 per cent more expensive which implies that the size of the premium approximately equals €3200 for these properties. |
| Keywords: | Hedonic housing; Geographic information systems; Meadows; Grazings |
| JEL: | Q10 Q50 |
| Date: | 2009–03–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:hjiseg:0005&r=agr |