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on Economics of Ageing |
| By: | Nicko A Magnaye (Mindoro State University); John Rex T Saguid (Mindoro State University); Rizalyn S. Cartagena (Mindoro State University); Shella V Bruit (Mindoro State University); Nannette A Olarte (Mindoro State University); Alexandra M Cracicas (Mindoro State University) |
| Abstract: | Science's field of artificial intelligence is concerned with giving machines more human-like ways to solve challenging issues. The area of computer science focuses on getting computers to behave more like people. This typically entails taking traits from human intelligence and applying them as algorithms in a way that is computer friendly. Depending on the defined needs, a more or less flexible or efficient strategy might be used, which affects how artificial the intelligent behavior seems. The demand to create new technology to aid in bettering care for the world's aging population is increasing. Numerous social, economic, and health issues need to be resolved due to how quickly the older adult population is expanding. AI can be very helpful in this area by assisting the healthcare system in meeting the rising demand for senior healthcare services. In this study, we'll examine how AI is helping seniors take better care of themselves.AI-powered products and technologies can assist seniors in maintaining their independence while also improving their quality of life. But, AI may employ threats to senior citizens. They may require support in coping with new technology and managing AI-powered products. Furthermore, elders may be particularly concerned about data privacy and the possibility of misuse or malfunction.AI can benefit seniors in many areas, but seniors must cautiously approach it. Senior citizens must have access to the necessary training and support to use AI safely and successfully. Furthermore, improvement plans to prevent issues such as data protection and ensure that AI is used legally are necessary.Concerning the keywords used, the acronyms and terms that were provided in the some manner were advantageous to the reader in order to educate themselves on the ideas that have been visible in the text while he was reading it. |
| Keywords: | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BOON BANE SENIOR CITIZEN, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, A BOON, BANE, SENIOR CITIZEN |
| Date: | 2023–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05090662 |
| By: | Steinberg, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Investment decisions differ depending on the age of the investor in terms of both the quantity and the composition of the investments. First, this age-dependency of investment decisions is due to changes in risk aversion over the life-cycle, i.e. older investors are normally less willing to bear risks compared to younger investors. Second, older individuals encounter less residual capacity in order to compensate for potential losses, i.e. a potential loss might not be neutralized within the years of residual life expectancy. Simultaneously, both channels lead to less risk taking on the financial market of older investors, and correspondingly, to lower returns on average. This paper shows that intergenerational altruism might neutralize the shift of investment decisions towards less risky assets. In particular, in case the next generation can compensate for potential losses which is internalized and recognized by the investor, the shift in investment decisions might be neutralized or even reversed. |
| Keywords: | Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets; Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth |
| JEL: | G00 |
| Date: | 2025–08–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125619 |
| By: | Akifumi Kusano (Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University; Waseda Institute of Social and Human Capital Studies (WISH), Tokyo, Japan); Haruko Noguchi (Faculty of School of Political Science and Economics, Tokyo, Japan; WISH, Tokyo, Japan); Yichen Shen (Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; WISH, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the effect of a partner’s stroke on labor market, informal caregiving, and mental health outcomes in Japan. Using the Longitudinal Survey of Middle-aged and Elderly Persons and a staggered difference-in-differences, we show that males’ labor supply and informal caring were not affected by partner’s stroke, but female’s informal caring and hours of care were affected by partner’s stroke. Moreover, our research shows that females change the subject of informal caring, and female’s mental health worsens after their partner experiences a stroke. We interpret this result as females face time constraints between hours worked and hours of care, leading to worsening females’ mental health. |
| Keywords: | Stroke, added worker effect, informal care, mental health, labor supply |
| JEL: | I10 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2519 |
| By: | Burstedde, Alexander; Tiedemann, Jurek |
| Abstract: | Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie ist die Aktualisierung der IW-Arbeitsmarktfortschreibung mit den neuesten verfügbaren Daten bis zum Jahr 2023 auf Basis der Methodik von Burstedde (2023). Die Fortschreibung zeigt auf, wie sich Beschäftigung und Fachkräftelücke in den fünf Jahren bis 2028 entwickeln würden, wenn sich die empirischen Trends der letzten sieben Jahre weiter fortsetzen sollten. Damit handelt es sich nicht um eine Prognose, sondern um eine Trendfortschreibung. Die Fortschreibung ergibt für die Jahre von 2023 bis 2028 ein durchschnittliches jährliches Beschäftigtenwachstum von 397.000 Personen oder 1, 2 Prozent jährlich. Ob es tatsächlich zu diesem Beschäftigtenwachstum kommt, hängt im Wesentlichen davon ab, ob sich die zuletzt sehr positive Entwicklung der Erwerbsbeteiligung weiter fortsetzt, insbesondere bei Menschen im Alter ab 60 Jahren. Daher sind politische Weichenstellungen wichtig, um die Anreize für eine längere Erwerbstätigkeit weiter zu erhöhen und jene für eine frühere Verrentung zu verringern. Die Fortschreibung geht davon aus, dass ein steigender Anteil der Bevölkerung eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung aufnehmen will und kann (Partizipationseffekt 550.500 zusätzliche Beschäftigte jährlich). Zum Teil geht dies zulasten anderer Erwerbsformen (Selbstständige, Beamte, Minijobs und andere). Im Hinblick auf anstehende Unternehmensnachfolgen und die schwache Gründungskultur in Deutschland sollten daher Anreize für eine Selbstständigkeit gestärkt werden [...] |
| Abstract: | The subject of this study is the annual update of the IW labor market projection (IW-Arbeitsmarktfortschreibung) with the latest available data up to 2023 based on the methodology of Burstedde (2023). The update shows how employment and the skill shortages would develop in the five years up to 2028 if the empirical trends of the last seven years were to continue. This is therefore not a forecast, but a trend projection. The projection results in an average annual employment growth of 397, 000 people or 1, 2 percent per year for the years from 2023 to 2028. Whether this employment growth actually occurs depends largely on whether the recent very positive trend in labor force participation continues, especially among people aged 60 and over. Political decisions are therefore important in order to further increase the incentives for longer employment and reduce those for earlier retirement. The projection assumes that an increasing proportion of the population is willing and able to take up employment subject to social insurance contributions (participation effect 550, 500 additional employees per year). This is partly at the expense of other forms of employment (self-employed, civil servants, mini-jobs and others). In view of upcoming company successions and the weak startup culture in Germany, incentives for self-employment should therefore be strengthened [...] |
| Keywords: | Erwerbstätigkeit, Arbeitskräftepotenzial, Arbeitskräftemangel, Trend, Deutschland |
| JEL: | J11 J21 J24 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkrep:321883 |
| By: | Fischer, Martin; Nilsson, Therese; Seblova, Dominika; Lövdén, Martin |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between the number of children and dementia risk among parents, addressing longstanding questions about how parenthood shapes cognitive health in later life. Using comprehensive administrative data on all parents born in Sweden between 1920 and 1950, along with their completed fertility histories, our baseline analysis reveals a U-shaped association between the number of children and dementia risk. Childless individuals and those with more than three children face significantly higher dementia risks. However, when accounting for confounding factors through instrumental variable analysis and within-sibling comparisons, we find no evidence that having multiple children increases dementia risk. Instead, our esults suggest that parenthood generally lowers the risk of dementia across all parity levels, challenging recent studies reporting a negative relationship between higher parity and cognitive function. Furthermore, we find that fathers benefit more than mothers from having additional children in terms of cognitive health in old age. Complementary analyses focusing on known dementia risk factors including educational attainment, labor market outcomes, and social or geographical proximity to children suggest that motherhood-related penalties may attenuate the cognitive health benefits of parenthood for women. |
| Abstract: | Diese Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Kinder und dem Demenzrisiko bei Eltern und geht der Frage nach, wie Elternschaft die kognitive Gesundheit im späteren Leben beeinflusst. Basierend auf umfassenden Verwaltungsdaten zu allen in Schweden zwischen 1920 und 1950 geborenen Eltern sowie deren vollständigen Fertilitätsverläufen zeigt unsere Grundanalyse eine U-förmige Beziehung zwischen der Anzahl der Kinder und dem Demenzrisiko. Kinderlose Personen sowie diejenigen mit mehr als drei Kindern haben ein signifikant höheres Demenzrisiko. Wenn jedoch Störfaktoren durch Instrumentvariablenansätze oder den Vergleich von Geschwisterpaaren untereinander berücksichtigt werden, finden wir keine Hinweise darauf, dass eine größere Anzahl an Kindern das Demenzrisiko erhöht. Im Gegenteil deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Elternschaft das Risiko für Demenz über alle Paritätsstufen hinweg insgesamt senkt. Dies widerspricht jüngeren Studien, die einen negativen Zusammenhang zwischen einer höheren Kinderzahl und kognitiven Funktionen berichten. Darüber hinaus zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass Väter im Vergleich zu Müttern stärker von zusätzlichen Kindern in Bezug auf ihre kognitive Gesundheit im Alter profitieren. Ergänzende Analysen zu bekannten Demenzrisikofaktoren - darunter Bildungsniveau, Arbeitsmarktverläufe sowie soziale und geografische Nähe zu den Kindern - deuten darauf hin, dass die Nachteile durch Mutterschaft bei Frauen die kognitiven Gesundheitseffekte der Elternschaft für Frauen abschwächen können. |
| Keywords: | Old-age dementia, instrumental variables, administrative register data |
| JEL: | J13 J14 J16 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:323235 |
| By: | Adam Bloomfield; Lucas Goodman; Shanthi Ramnath; Sita Slavov |
| Abstract: | In recent years, policy makers have adopted many measures to incentivize the establishment of employer-sponsored retirement plans (ESRPs). One such measure – implemented in the early 2000s and made more generous in recent years – allows smaller firms that establish an ESRP to claim a tax credit to offset part of their costs during the initial years. We examine firm take-up of this credit. We find that only 1 percent (pre-policy expansion) to 5.5 percent (post-policy expansion) of apparently eligible firms claim the credit. We document heterogeneity in credit take-up rates by industry, firm owner education, and use of tax preparation services. We also document evidence of “tax preparer learning, ” whereby take-up among a tax preparer’s clients increases after that preparer files their first credit. Finally, we document that most firms only claim the credit for one year despite being eligible to do so for up to three years. |
| JEL: | H32 J32 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34043 |