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on Economics of Ageing |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Social Protections and Labor-Pensions & Retirement Systems Social Protections and Labor-Social Funds and Pensions |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40360 |
| By: | Jamie Hentall-MacCuish (Institute for Fiscal Studies) |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ifs:ifsewp:25/14 |
| By: | Sara Almeida; Hanna Berkel; Sam Jones; Patricia Justino; Telça Massingue |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the effectiveness of Mozambique's flagship social pension programme, the elderly component of the Programa de Subsídio Social Básico (PSSB). Focusing on three key criteria—programme targeting, reliability, and materiality—we combine administrative data on the universe of beneficiaries with the complete records of the 2017 Population and Housing Census. Merging these datasets at the localidade level, we provide a highly granular view of programme coverage rates and payment delivery regularity. |
| Keywords: | Social pensions, Targeting, Mozambique |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-12 |
| By: | Hackmann, Martin (University of California, Los Angeles); Heining, Jörg (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Klimke, Roman (Harvard University); Polyakova, Maria (Stanford University); Seibert, Holger (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "We leverage decades of administrative data and quasi-experimental variation in the introduction of universal long-term care (LTC) insurance in Germany in 1995 to examine whether health insurance expansions can stimulate local economies. We find that the LTC insurance rollout led not only to sizeable growth of the target LTC sector, but also to an aggregate fall in unemployment and an increase in the labor force participation. Quantitatively, a 10 percentage point increase in the share of insured LTC patients led to 4 more nursing home workers per 1, 000 individuals age 65 and older (12 percent increase). Wages did not rise in the LTC sector or other sectors of the economy. The quality of newly hired nursing home workers declined, but this had no negative effect on old-age life expectancy. Overall, the insurance expansion brought lower-skilled workers into new jobs rather than reallocating workers away from other productive sectors. Our marginal value of public funds (MVPF) analysis suggests that the reform paid for itself when taking the positive fiscal externalities in the labor market into account. To understand which market primitives underpin our findings and to inform the external validity of our results, we develop and estimate a general model of labor markets with product-market subsidies in the presence of wedges, such as income taxes. Our model simulations show that the aggregate welfare effects of insurance expansions are theoretically ambiguous and depend centrally on the magnitude of frictions in input markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Auswirkungen ; Beschäftigungseffekte ; Einkommenseffekte ; Erwerbsbeteiligung ; Arbeitslosigkeitsentwicklung ; Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien ; Altenpflege ; Altenpflegehelfer ; Altenpfleger ; Niedrigqualifizierte ; öffentliche Einnahmen ; Pflegeversicherung ; Sozialabgaben ; Steueraufkommen ; 1975-2008 |
| JEL: | D58 H00 H51 I00 I31 I38 J14 J23 J64 J08 I13 |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:202503 |
| By: | Cremer, Helmuth; Gahvari, Firouz |
| Abstract: | This study contributes to the long-term care policy literature by exploring how, in an uncertain environment, redistributive tax policies and long-term care program design interact with informal care incentives, shaping long-term caregiving outcomes. The analysis is done within an overlapping-generations model in the steady state under full and asymetric information. Altruistic children provide informal care to their elderly parents if dependent. Not all children are altruistic. Children’s level of altruism is shaped by the time and attention they received in childhood. Key findings, under asymetric information, include: (i) Allocations are distorted for redistributive purposes, except for savings, (ii) marginal income tax rates are positive, aligning with standard nonlinear income taxation models, and (iii) a consequence of government’s redistributive policies is to encourage time spent with children thus incresing family caregiving. These three findings apply to both “opting out” and “topping up” schemes. (iv) Savings must be subsidized in an opting out system due to fiscal externalities; (v) if public assistance carries a stigma, it may have to be distorted upward; the opting-out policy welfare dominates the topping-up policy. Finally, if long term care provision carries no stigma, opting out is more cost-effective than topping up in both first- and second-best. |
| Keywords: | Long term care; uncertain altruism; opting out; topping up; public insurance |
| JEL: | H2 H5 |
| Date: | 2025–03–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:130430 |
| By: | Ángel de la Fuente |
| Abstract: | El Real Decreto-ley (RDL) 2/2023 modificó el diseño original del mal llamado Mecanismo de Equidad Intergeneracional (MEI), entre otras cosas, para introducir una cláusula de salvaguarda que, en última instancia, podría obligar a subir las cotizaciones sociales para evitar que el déficit del sistema público de pensiones se dispare. Comenzando en marzo de 2025, la norma exige que la evolución de las cuentas del sistema se valore cada tres años utilizando i) las proyecciones de gasto que con esa periodicidad proporciona el Informe de Envejecimiento (IE) que publica la Comisión Europea y ii) un informe sobre el impacto incremental de las medidas de ingreso de la reciente reforma que elaborará la AIReF con los mismos supuestos macroeconómicos y demográficos que el último IE disponible. La cláusula de salvaguarda se activará, poniendo en marcha un proceso semiautomático de ajustes, si el gasto medio previsto en pensiones públicas supera la suma del 15% del PIB y el exceso de ingresos extra por encima del 1, 7% del PIB generado por las nuevas medidas de ingreso, trabajando en todos los casos con promedios sobre el período 2022-2050. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdafen:2025-18 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population-Country Population Profiles Health, Nutrition and Population-Demographics Health, Nutrition and Population-Health Indicators Health, Nutrition and Population-Health Monitoring & Evaluation |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40263 |
| By: | Adler, Matthew; Ferranna, Maddalena; Hammitt, James K.; de Laubier, Eugénie; Treich, Nicolas |
| Abstract: | The fair innings principle states that fairness requires allocating life-saving treatments to younger rather than older patients when each would gain the same extension in longevity. It is motivated by the notion that older patients have already benefited from a longer life and so have less claim to scarce treatment resources than younger patients who have not yet lived their “fair innings.” The principle can be theoretically justified by a prioritarian social welfare function applied to lifetime wellbeing. We conducted an online survey to test whether there is support for the principle in the general population (in France). We find substantial but not universal support. When choosing to allocate a treatment that would provide the same life extension to an older or a younger patient, about one-half the respondents would allocate the treatment to the younger patient while about one-third are indifferent to which patient is treated and about one-fifth would allocate treatment to the older patient. Holding the life extension to the older patient fixed, decreasing the life extension to the younger patient decreases (increases) the fraction of respondents that would allocate treatment to the younger (older) patient. These results highlight the tension between principles of equal treatment and of giving priority to those who are worse off that confound healthcare policy. |
| Keywords: | Fair innings; life saving; prioritarianism; health; ethical preferences; questionnaire study; Covid-19 |
| JEL: | D61 D63 H4 I18 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:130472 |