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on Economics of Ageing |
| By: | Xu, Tao |
| Abstract: | As the ageing population and childlessness are increasing in rural China, social pensions will become the mainstream choice for farmers, and the level of social pensions must be supported by better social insurance. The paper compares the history of rural pension insurance system, outlines the current situation and problems, analyses China Family Panel Studies data and explores the key factors influencing farmers' participation through an empirical approach. The paper shows that residents' social pension insurance is facing problems in the rural areas such as low level of protection and weak management capacity, which have contributed to the under-insured rate, and finds that there is a significant impact on farmers' participation in insurance from personal characteristics factors such as gender, age, health and (family) financial factors such as savings, personal income, intergenerational mobility of funds. And use of the Internet can help farmers enroll in pension insurance. The paper argues for the need to continue to implement the rural revitalisation strategy, with the government as the lead and the market as the support, in a concerted effort to improve the protection and popularity of rural pension insurance. |
| Keywords: | Countryside; Rural pension system; Residents' social insurance; Rural revitalization; Family panel studies |
| JEL: | H5 H53 H55 J1 J2 J6 P2 |
| Date: | 2021–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112032&r= |
| By: | Arno Baurin (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)); Sandy Tubeuf (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES), Institute of Health and Society (IRSS, UCLouvain)); Vincent Vandenberghe (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)) |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that the analyst with no information on occupation arduousness could reasonably infer it from poor health beyond 50. Using retrospective lifetime data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including the respondents' professional career described with ISCO 2-digit, this paper finds a statistically significant link between many occupations and the risk of poor health beyond the age of 50. Next, we quantify the relative contribution of professional occupation to poor health compared to other factors decomposing the variance of health disparities between sources. We find that occupation's arduousness - although a significant predictor of poor health - is less consequential than initial health endowment, demographics or country fixed effects in explaining differences in health at an older age. |
| Keywords: | Health, Work, Occupation Arduousness, Variance Decomposition |
| JEL: | I10 J26 J28 |
| Date: | 2022–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2022005&r= |
| By: | Xiang Gao; Cody Hyndman; Traian A. Pirvu; Petar Jevti\'c |
| Abstract: | Evidence shows that the labor participation rate of retirement age cohorts is non-negligible, and it is a widespread phenomenon globally. In the United States, the labor force participation rate for workers age 75 and older is projected to be over 10 percent by 2026 as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The prevalence of post-retirement work changes existing considerations of optimal annuitization, a research question further complicated by novel factors such as post-retirement labor rates, wage rates, and capacity or willingness to work. To our knowledge, this poses a practical and theoretical problem not previously investigated in actuarial literature. In this paper, we study the problem of post-retirement annuitization with extra labor income in the framework of stochastic control, optimal stopping, and expected utility maximization. The utility functions are of the Cobb-Douglas type. The martingale methodology and duality techniques are employed to obtain closed-form solutions for the dual and primal problems. The effect of labor income is investigated by exploiting the explicit solutions and Monte-Carlo simulation. The latter reveals that the optimal annuitization time is strongly linear with respect to the initial wealth, with or without labor income. When it comes to optimal annuitization, we find that the wage and labor rates may play opposite roles. However, their impact is mediated by the leverage ratio. |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2202.04220&r= |
| By: | Huenchuan, Sandra |
| Abstract: | Con el propósito de satisfacer la necesidad de contar con información más precisa sobre el envejecimiento poblacional y la situación de las personas mayores, la sede subregional de la CEPAL en México ha compilado una serie de indicadores que pueden ser de utilidad para la investigación y la toma de decisiones. Como se aprecia, aún hay vacíos importantes —sobre todo en temas que son nuevos en la agenda—, y mucha de la información se encuentra en distintas fuentes de datos. Sin embargo, el ejercicio facilita la generación de un panorama preliminar sobre el tema. En el documento se presentan indicadores básicos sobre la población y el envejecimiento demográfico, se continúa con indicadores de seguridad económica, salud y cuidado —los tres pilares de la protección social en el contexto del envejecimiento—, y se exploran nuevos indicadores en temas que han ido generando cada vez mayor atención entre los actores interesados. |
| Keywords: | POBLACION, DINAMICA DE LA POBLACION, ENVEJECIMIENTO DE LA POBLACION, ANCIANOS, PROMEDIO DE VIDA, CALIDAD DE LA VIDA, POBREZA, INGRESOS, SEGURIDAD SOCIAL, PENSIONES, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, SALUD, ENFERMEDADES, INCAPACIDAD, SEGURO DE ENFERMEDAD, CUIDADORES, INTERNET, PROBLEMAS SOCIALES, MIGRACION, INDICADORES ECONOMICOS, INDICADORES SOCIALES, INDICADORES DE SALUD, ESTADISTICAS DEMOGRAFICAS, POPULATION, POPULATION DYNAMICS, DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING, AGEING PERSONS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, QUALITY OF LIFE, POVERTY, INCOME, SOCIAL SECURITY, PENSIONS, GENDER EQUALITY, HEALTH, DISEASES, DISABILITY, HEALTH INSURANCE, CAREGIVERS, INTERNET, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, MIGRATION, ECONOMIC INDICATORS, SOCIAL INDICATORS, HEALTH INDICATORS, DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS |
| Date: | 2021–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:47641&r= |
| By: | Huenchuan, Sandra |
| Abstract: | La pandemia por COVID-19 en América Latina ha dejado al descubierto las debilidades de los sistemas de salud pública, la baja inversión en su desarrollo y las desigualdades que enfrentan distintos grupos de población en la garantía de su derecho a la salud. En este documento se analizan las condiciones en que se originó la pandemia en cinco países de la región con distintos niveles de avance de sus sistemas de protección social, transición demográfica y perfil epidemiológico. Se concentra particularmente en la relación entre las enfermedades no transmisibles, el envejecimiento de la población y la evolución de la enfermedad por COVID-19. Se concluye que, como han advertido distintos expertos internacionales, concentrarse únicamente en la contención del virus es un error porque su impacto se relaciona con otros factores subyacentes que influyen en su desarrollo. El daño causado por la pandemia en distintos sectores de la población, en particular en aquella de edad avanzada, exigirá una mayor solidaridad en los sistemas de protección social, respaldadas por un mayor gasto en salud, la atención de las enfermedades no transmisibles y la debida consideración del envejecimiento de la población como una de las tendencias demográficas más relevantes del siglo XXI. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, VIRUS, EPIDEMIAS, ASPECTOS DEMOGRAFICOS, POBLACION, SEGURIDAD SOCIAL, SALUD, MORTALIDAD, ENVEJECIMIENTO, PROMEDIO DE VIDA, ENFERMEDADES NO TRANSMISIBLES, VACUNACION, POLITICA SANITARIA, COVID-19, VIRUSES, EPIDEMICS, DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS, POPULATION, SOCIAL SECURITY, HEALTH, MORTALITY, AGEING, LIFE EXPECTANCY, NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, VACCINATION, HEALTH POLICY |
| Date: | 2021–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:47404&r= |
| By: | Andrietti, Vincenzo |
| Abstract: | This study uses plan-level annual data from Form 5500s to analyze the effects of automatic enrollment and employer matching on 401(k) plan participation rates, and the effect of automatic enrollment on employer average match rates. The potential endogeneity of these 401(k) plan provisions is addressed by exploiting the panel structure of the data. The results indicate that while both auto-enrollment and average match rates have positive and significant effects on plan participation rates, the effect of auto-enrollment is substantially higher. Moreover, auto-enrollment is found to have positive and significant effects on average match rates. |
| Keywords: | 401(K) Plans; Participation rate; Auto-enrollment; Matching; Fractional response models; Unbalanced panel data |
| JEL: | D14 G23 J32 |
| Date: | 2021–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:34382&r= |
| By: | David C. Chan Jr; David Card; Lowell Taylor |
| Abstract: | We study public vs. private provision of health care for veterans aged 65 and older who may receive care provided by the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and in private hospitals financed by Medicare. Utilizing the ambulance design of Doyle et al. (2015), we find that the VA reduces 28-day mortality by 46% (4.5 percentage points) and that these survival gains are persistent. The VA also reduces 28-day spending by 21% and delivers strikingly different reported services relative to private hospitals. We find suggestive evidence of complementarities between continuity of care, health IT, and integrated care. |
| JEL: | H4 H51 I10 I18 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29765&r= |
| By: | Breen, Casey; Goldstein, Joshua R. |
| Abstract: | While much progress has been made in understanding the demographic determinants of mortality in the United States using individual survey data and aggregate tabulations, the lack of population-level register data is a barrier to further advances in mortality research. With the release of Social Security application (SS-5), claim, and death records, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has created a new administrative data resource for researchers studying mortality. We introduce the Berkeley Unified Numident Mortality Database (BUNMD), a cleaned and harmonized version of these records. This publicly available dataset provides researchers access to over 49 million individual-level mortality records with demographic covariates and fine geographic detail, allowing for high-resolution mortality research. |
| Date: | 2022–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:pc294&r= |