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on Economics of Ageing |
| By: | Minh Tam Bui; Ivo Vlaev |
| Abstract: | Ageing society poses an increasing need for elderly care and the essential role of unpaid family care. Using time-use data of Thailand 2014/2015, we found significant gender gaps in providing eldercare across heterogenous groups. The novelty of this study is a measurement of altruism proxy, its gender bias to examine the effects of caregiver’s altruistic behavior on care provision and to explain the caregiving burden on women. Our analysis reveals that education has different effects on care among male and female caregivers, but not the employment status. The instrumental variable modelling reveals that reducing men’s paid work is unlikely to raise their time spent on eldercare and swapping leisure time for care time is one-for-one among men but multiplicative among women. Strong associations between altruism and peer pressure imply behavioral change strategies to target social norms and underpin policy interventions beside the state provision of long-term care for a more equitable eldercare work. |
| Keywords: | Unpaid Work; Elder Care; Gender Gaps; Altruism; Behavioral Change; Time Use |
| JEL: | D13 D64 D9 J14 J16 J22 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:166&r= |
| By: | Thomas Rapp (LIEPP - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques [Sciences Po] - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Quitterie Roquebert (UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg); Jonathan Sicsic (LIRAES - EA 4470 - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Appliquée en Economie de la Santé - UP - Université de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Avec le vieillissement de la population, l'accompagnement de perte d'autonomie et le bien-vieillir sont devenus des enjeux de politique publique majeurs. Une question centrale est celle de la pertinence des aides publiques : sont-elles centrées sur les besoins des personnes ? Nous montrons qu'il existe en effet une corrélation forte entre la santé perçue par nos aînés et leurs besoins de soins de longue durée (familiaux et professionnels). Nous préconisons de déployer une aide publique basée sur la notion de « value-based aging », c'est-à-dire finançant en priorité des aides centrées sur les attentes des aînés. |
| Keywords: | fragilité,perte d'autonomie,value-based aging |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03384716&r= |
| By: | Rao, Ziwei |
| JEL: | I14 I18 J13 J26 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242424&r= |
| By: | Hélène Périvier (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Muriel Pucci (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | Aujourd'hui on compte plus 1,45 million de foyers monoparentaux (hors résidence alternée), soit plus de 21 % des familles comprenant des enfants mineurs. Parmi ces parents isolés, environ la moitié ne peut pas compter sur le soutien d'un ex-conjoint pour assumer les charges d'éducation et d'entretien des enfants dont ils ont la charge ; un tiers perçoit une pension alimentaire (contribution à l'entretien et l'éducation des enfants, CEEE) et un quart ne perçoit pas la pension alimentaire due par l'ex-conjoint. Ce Policy brief analyse la façon dont le système socio-fiscal soutient le revenu disponible des parents ayant la garde principale des enfants, ainsi que celui des parents n'ayant pas la garde principale des enfants. Nous montrons que le système fiscal et social traite moins favorablement les parents gardiens et non-gardiens qui perçoivent le RSA ou la prime d'activité que ceux qui sont imposables. Paradoxalement, dans certains cas, le recouvrement des pensions alimentaires réduit le niveau de vie des parents gardiens, ceux parmi les plus précaires. Ainsi, en l'état actuel du système, un meilleur recouvrement des pensions alimentaires conduirait à appauvrir ces foyers monoparentaux aux revenus modestes. En corollaire, cela impliquerait une baisse des dépenses sociales en direction des familles monoparentales alors qu'elles sont les plus affectées par la pauvreté (taux de pauvreté de 35,3 %, Insee, France Portrait social, 2020). Pour corriger ces incohérences et plus largement pour soutenir le niveau de vie des parents gardiens et non-gardiens ayant de faibles revenus, et donc celui de leurs enfants, nous évaluons deux réformes dont le coût total s'élève à environ un milliard d'euros par an : Réforme 1 concernant l'ASF et la CEEE (coût estimé environ 950 millions par an) ■ Exclure l'Allocation de soutien familial (ASF) des bases ressources du RSA et de la prime d'activité afin de garantir le bénéfice intégral de cette prestation aux parents isolés sans ex-conjoint ou dont l'ex-conjoint est hors d'état de verser une pension et ceci quel que soit leur revenu. ■ Appliquer un abattement à hauteur de l'ASF sur la CEEE (pension alimentaire) incluse dans les bases ressources des prestations sociales pour réduire le taux marginal effectif d'imposition sur la CEEE que perçoivent les parents gardiens dont les revenus sont faibles. Cette réforme (volets ASF et CEEE) réduirait le taux de pauvreté des familles mono-parentales (seuil de 60 % du revenu médian) de 4,5 points de pourcentage, et permettrait de faire sortir de la pauvreté plus de 140 000 enfants de moins de 18 ans. Réforme 2 concernant les aides au logement (coût estimé : moins de 100 millions d'euros par an) ■ Accorder aux parents non-gardiens qui hébergent leur(s) enfant(s) au moins 25 % du temps la moitié des suppléments d'aide au logement auxquels ils auraient droit s'ils avaient la garde principale des enfants. |
| Keywords: | niveau de vie,parents isolés,familles mono-parentales,système socio-fiscal,pensions alimentaires,revenus |
| Date: | 2021–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03381960&r= |
| By: | Kangasharju, Aki; Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Koski, Heli; Kuusi, Tero |
| Abstract: | Abstract This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets in Finland. A decline in the R&D investments of the electronics industry practically entirely explains a decrease in investments in Finland, which has prolonged the recovery from the collapse of productivity growth during the financial crisis. The corporate sector, which accounts for most investments, also contracted so much during the financial crisis relative to the rest of the economy that the aggregate productive investments remained lower than before. Companies’ investments in relation to their value added did not decrease, however. The main reason for the collapse of the electrotechnical industry is the loss of the Symbian mobile phone operating system in global competition. Together with that, profitability collapsed, and no new R&D investment opportunities of a similar size were found. However, companies should not avoid competition, and instead, the competitive environment, in general, acts as an investment incentive for companies. Developments in the 2010s also highlight the importance of international competition and international trade agreements. The decline in the working-age population that began at the same time as zero growth does not explain the collapse in investments, but it has to do with their slow recovery. |
| Keywords: | Investments, Competition, Competitiveness, Structural change, Population ageing |
| JEL: | E22 L16 O52 P45 |
| Date: | 2021–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:report:119&r= |
| By: | Kim, Gyupan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Hyongkun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Boram (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Jungeun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Son, Wonju (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | In Japan, the challenges posed by its low birthrate and aging population expanded rapidly with the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, and in March 2011, energy and environmental problems such as power supply shortages and nuclear radiation issues occurred in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear accident. Also, with the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in January 2020, digital transformation has emerged as a social challenge. In particular, Japan's aging population combined with a decrease in the working age population, has caused the government to face fiscal crisis due to the burden of social insurance, and a sense of crisis of labor shortage in the medical, manufacturing and logistics sectors. This is also leading to a sense of crisis at local governments as well, seen with the collapse of the medical service supply system under "Tokyo centralization," the rapid increase of the vulnerable in transportation due to the super-aging of rural areas, and the risk of extinction of local communities. The analysis on the healthcare and medical care sectors was conducted in chapter 2, and the manufacturing, mobility, and logistics sectors in Chapter 3, and the local revitalization in Chapter 4 respectively. And chapter 5 of conclusion remarks presents policy implications for the Korean government. |
| Keywords: | Japan; Fourth Industrial Revolution; social challenge; digital transformation; government |
| Date: | 2021–01–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2021_002&r= |
| By: | Congressional Budget Office |
| Abstract: | The Veterans Health Administration (VHA), part of the Department of Veterans Affairs, provides health care to eligible veterans using a combination of VHA and non-VHA providers and facilities. In recent years, major changes to VHA’s policies—particularly the creation of the Veterans Community Care Program in 2018—have increased opportunities for veterans to seek community care at VHA’s expense. Since 2014, the number of veterans using community care has increased and average wait times in VHA facilities have declined and generally remained below those in the private sector. |
| JEL: | H42 H44 H51 H56 I13 L24 L33 N42 |
| Date: | 2021–10–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:report:57257&r= |
| By: | Laudicella, Mauro (University of Southern Denmark, DaCHE - Danish Centre for Health Economics); Li Donni, Paolo (University of Palermo, Department of Economics, Business and Statistics) |
| Abstract: | Many high-income countries have successfully reduced hospital mortality in several acute health conditions. We test the hypothesis that variation in the supply of care directed to saving the life of individuals with a health shock may result in increasing the demand for health care as individuals are likely to contribute to the demand after surviving the health shock. We examined repeated cross-sections of individuals exposed to an AMI or a stroke over a time window of ten years in Denmark. Hospital survival probabilities in the interval 0- 30 days from the shock are used as an indicator of the supply, while individual health care expenditure in the interval 31-365 days is used as an indicator of the demand. We find the demand is highly elastic to supply-driven variation in time to death. Results are robust to a placebo test on individuals exposed to the shock without entering time to death. |
| Keywords: | Health care demand; Hospital quality of care; Time to death |
| JEL: | I10 |
| Date: | 2021–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:sduhec:2021_003&r= |