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on Economics of Ageing |
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| By: | Theodore Figinski; David Neumark |
| Abstract: | Reductions in the implicit taxation of Social Security benefits from reducing or eliminating the Retirement Earnings Test (RET) are an appealing – and in many cases successful – means of encouraging labor supply of older individuals receiving benefits. The downside, however, is that the same policy reforms can encourage earlier claiming of Social Security benefits, which permanently lowers benefits paid in the future. Depending on the magnitude of the effects on earnings and how households or individuals adjust their consumption and savings decisions, the net effect can be lower incomes at much older ages well beyond when people have retired. We explore the consequences of the 2000 reforms eliminating the RET from the Full Retirement Age to age 69 for the longer-run evolution of income, focusing in particular on the incidence of low income among older women, who are more likely to have become dependent mainly on income from their Social Security benefits. We find that the elimination of the RET increased the likelihood of having low incomes among women in their mid-70s and older – ages at which the lower benefits, in the long run, from claiming earlier outweigh possibly higher income in the period when women or their husbands increased their labor supply. |
| JEL: | H2 J14 J22 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21601&r=age |
| By: | Alexandra Spicer; Olena Stavrunova; Susan Thorp |
| Abstract: | Households in many countries reach retirement with lump sums of financial wealth accumulated in defined contribution (DC) retirement plans. Retired households need to manage risks and generate income from their savings. We study the dynamics of retirement wealth and portfolio allocation using the three wealth waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel survey. The average retired household maintained or accumulated wealth in 2002-06 and decumulated in 2006-10 consistent with trends in financial asset prices. At older ages, households prefer portfolios with less risk and more liquidity, while maintaining ownership of the family home. The probability of households exhausting financial assets increased over the sample but households who depleted financial wealth did not liquidate their housing wealth at higher rates than other households. In contrast to the U.S., the overall effect of health shocks on the wealth of retired Australian households is minimal but financial shocks have large effects. |
| Keywords: | Retirement wealth, Life-cycle saving, Public pension, Portfolio choice |
| JEL: | D91 E21 G11 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2015-39&r=age |
| By: | Edouard Debonneuil (SAF - Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1); Frédéric Planchet (SAF - Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1); Stéphane Loisel (SAF - Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1) |
| Abstract: | As more and more people believe that significant life extensions may come soon, should commonly used future mortality assumptions be considered prudent? We find here that commonly used actuarial tables for annuitants – as well as the Lee-Carter model – do not extrapolate life expectancy at the same rate for future years as for past years; instead they produce some longevity deceleration. This is typically because their mortality improvements decrease after a certain age, and those age-specific improvements are constant over time. As potential alternatives i) we study the Bongaarts model that produces straight increases in life expectancy; ii) we adapt it to produce best-practice longevity trends iii) we compare with various longevity scenarios even including a model for “life extension velocity”. iv) after gathering advances in biogerontology we discuss elements to help retirement systems resist to a potential strong increase in life expectancy. |
| Date: | 2015–10–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01219270&r=age |
| By: | Alicia H. Munnell; Anqi Chen |
| Abstract: | As announced recently, Social Security will not provide a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) in 2016. This news will prompt some to argue that using a more appropriate index of inflation for the elderly would have shown an increase in prices. These critics contend that the Consumer Price Index (CPI-W) currently used for the Social Security COLA does not reflect the spending patterns of older Americans and therefore understates inflation. They urge the adoption of a special price index designed to reflect the spending patterns of Social Security beneficiaries – a CPI-E. This brief explores the relationship between the CPI-W and the experimental CPI-E. While historically the CPI-E has risen faster than the CPI-W, despite a big gap in 2015, the average for the two indexes over 2002-2015 has been virtually identical. The questions are: What was driving the historical relationship? And why has the pattern changed? The discussion proceeds as follows. The first section describes the calculation of the Social Security COLA. The second section introduces the CPI-E as a potential alternative index for determining the COLA. The third section reports the relationship between the CPI-W and the CPI-E since 1983 and shows how that relationship has changed in recent years. The fourth section finds that the two indexes, on average, have been virtually identical since 2002 primarily because of slower growth in medical care costs, on which the elderly spend relatively more. The final section concludes that, if medical cost inflation continues to be held in check, the two indexes may remain quite similar. But if medical costs start surging again, it may be time to use an index designed specifically for older Americans. |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crr:issbrf:ib2015-18&r=age |
| By: | Wenliang Hou; Wei Sun; Anthony Webb |
| Abstract: | Long-term care, including both nursing home and home health care, is a substantial financial risk for most retired households. Yet few buy long-term care insurance, and many who do let the policies lapse even after holding them for years. This brief summarizes a new study that shows more than one third of individuals with long-term care insurance at age 65 will lapse their policies before death, forfeiting all benefits. Economic theory predicts that individuals at high risk of needing care should retain coverage while those at low risk should lapse, but the data show the opposite pattern: people who subsequently use care are more likely to lapse, even though many have a good understanding of their relative risk of going into care. This brief seeks to explain why individuals lapse – specifically whether the decision reflects the financial burden of insurance premiums, a strategic calculation, or a deterioration in cognitive ability. The brief proceeds as follows. The first section presents data on lapse rates. The second section lays out alternative explanations for lapse rates. The third section tests these explanations by examining who lapses and then assesses the consequences of lapsing by exploring who uses long-term care. The final section concludes that two types of individuals are more likely to lapse: 1) those with low cognitive ability, who may lose the capacity to manage their finances; and 2) those with lower incomes and less wealth, who may find that their policy has become unaffordable. |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crr:issbrf:ib2015-17&r=age |
| By: | David Neumark; Ian Burn; Patrick Button |
| Abstract: | We design and implement a large-scale field experiment – a resume correspondence study – to address a number of potential limitations of existing field experiments testing for age discrimination, which may bias their results. One limitation that may bias these studies towards finding discrimination is the practice of giving older and younger applicants similar experience in the job to which they are applying, to make them “otherwise comparable.” The second limitation arises because greater unobserved differences in human capital investment of older applicants may bias existing field experiments against finding age discrimination. We also study ages closer to retirement than in past studies, and use a richer set of job profiles for older workers to test for differences associated with transitions to less demanding jobs (“bridge jobs”) at older ages. Based on evidence from over 40,000 job applications, we find robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women. But we find that there is considerably less evidence of age discrimination against men after correcting for the potential biases this study addresses. |
| JEL: | J14 J26 J7 K31 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21669&r=age |
| By: | Vermeer, Niels (Dutch Ministry of Finance); Mastrogiacomo, Mauro (De Nederlandsche Bank); van Soest, Arthur (Tilburg University) |
| Abstract: | In several countries where pensions are reformed and the retirement age is increased, the issue came up to make an exception for workers with demanding occupations, since health considerations may make it unreasonable to expect them to work longer. We analyze unique Dutch survey data on the public's opinions on what are demanding occupations, on whether it is justified that someone with a demanding occupation can retire earlier, and on the willingness to contribute to an earlier retirement scheme for such occupations through higher taxes. A representative sample of Dutch adults answered several questions about hypothetical persons with five different jobs. We use panel data models, accounting for confounding factors affecting the evaluations of the demanding nature of the jobs as well as their reasonable retirement age or willingness to contribute to an early retirement scheme. We find that the Dutch think that workers in demanding occupations should be able to retire earlier. A one standard deviation increase in the perceived demanding nature of an occupation translates into a twelve months decrease in the reasonable retirement age and a 30 to 40 percentage points increase in the willingness to contribute to an early retirement scheme for that occupation. There is some evidence that respondents whose own job is similar to the occupation they evaluate find this occupation more demanding than other respondents, but respondents are also willing to contribute to early retirement of demanding occupations not similar to their own. |
| Keywords: | retirement age, public pensions, job characteristics, social preferences |
| JEL: | J26 J81 H55 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9462&r=age |
| By: | Itzik Fadlon; Jessica A. Laird; Torben Heien Nielsen |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how firms set contributions to employer-provided 401(k)-type pension plans. Using a reform that decreased the subsidy for contributions to capital pension accounts for Danish workers in the top income tax bracket, we provide strong evidence that employers' contributions are based on their employees' savings preferences. We find an immediate decrease in employer contributions to capital accounts, whose magnitude increased in the share of employees directly affected by the reform. This response was large relative to average employee responses within private IRA-type plans and was accompanied by a similar-magnitude shift of employer contributions to annuity accounts. |
| JEL: | J30 J32 J33 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21665&r=age |
| By: | Marco Francesconi; Robert A. Pollak; Domenico Tabasso |
| Abstract: | Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we make two contributions to the literature on end-of-life transfers. First, we show that unequal bequests are much more common than generally recognized, with one-third of parents with wills planning to divide their estates unequally among their children. These plans for unequal division are particularly concentrated in complex families, which are of two types: families with stepchildren and families with genetic children with whom the parent has had no contact, e.g., children from previous marriages. We find that in complex families past and current contact between parents and children reduces or eliminates unequal bequests. Second, although the literature focuses on the bequest intentions of parents who have made wills, we find that many older Americans have not made wills. Although the probability of having a will increases with age, 30 percent of HRS respondents aged 70 and over have no wills. Of HRS respondents who died between 1995 and 2010, 38 percent died without wills. Thus, focusing exclusively on the bequest intentions of parents who have made wills may provide an incomplete and misleading picture of end-of-life transfers. |
| JEL: | D13 J12 K36 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21692&r=age |
| By: | Leo de Haan |
| Abstract: | Using recovery plan data of 213 underfunded Dutch pension funds for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013, discrete choice models are estimated describing pension funds' choices between three recovery measures: higher contributions, no indexation, and pension cuts. The estimation results suggest, firstly, that pension cuts are more likely when the funding ratio is very low, there is little time left for recovery, the pension fund is not a corporate pension fund, and its participants are still relatively young. Secondly, the results suggest that Dutch pension funds consider contribution increase first, no indexation second, and pension cuts only as a last resort. |
| Keywords: | pension funds; funding ratio; regulation; recovery plans |
| JEL: | G23 G28 G32 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:485&r=age |
| By: | Stark, Oded; Nicinska, Anna |
| Abstract: | We present and test the idea that bequest planning is linked with the experience of inheriting. We consider "a family tradition of bequeathing" as a channel through which the intention to bequeath is moulded by and is positively correlated with the experience of inheriting. Using data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we find that the experience of inheriting enhances the intention to bequeath, independently of the positive impact of wealth. We also find that the expectation of inheriting has a positive impact on the intention to bequeath, controlling for the expected increase in wealth on account of future inheritances. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational transfers,Bequest behavior,Experience of inheriting,Expectation of inheriting,Intention to bequeath,Family tradition |
| JEL: | D02 D03 D19 D64 H31 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuewef:86&r=age |
| By: | Fabiana Machado; Giselle Vesga |
| Abstract: | Countries around the world are facing important challenges to the sustainability of their pension systems. Changing policies, especially those of large scope and financial magnitude, is a political challenge. It takes a combination of willingness, capacity and enough political support to change the status quo and avoid costly subsequent reversals. Taking advantage of several waves of public opinion data in Latin America and the Caribbean, this paper aims to identify and analyze individual-level factors that are relevant to gauging political support for pension reform. |
| Keywords: | Social Policy & Protection, Social Security, Pension funds, Political economy of reform, Pension reform, Public opinion |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:91457&r=age |
| By: | ROSSI Cristina; SIERMINSKA Eva |
| Abstract: | In this paper we examine the effect of widowhood on asset trajectories. In many industrialized countries, close to half of households are headed by women single, divorced, separated or widowed and therefore their ability to make financial decisions is crucial for their economic well-being as well as their dependents?. Meanwhile, research has found that women tend to be less involved with the stock market and have lower financial sophistication, leaving them out of an important way of accumulating resources via investing and saving. At the same time their higher risk aversion may have sheltered them from some of the effects of the financial crisis. For a two-adult household, the portfolio structure is likely to reflect preferences of the main financial decision maker (usually the husband). When widowhood occurs it could be that singles re-optimize their decisions according to their own preferences. We test this by examining whether there is a change in the wealth accumulation for households (over 60) that have experienced the shock of becoming widowed. Our results indicate there to be an initially statistically significant effect of widowhood on wealth -- differential for women and men. The effect disappears once we control for health insurance, but re-appears several years after the shock suggesting a differential willingness to save for women and men. |
| Keywords: | wealth trajectories; household portfolios; widowhood; gender; bargaining |
| JEL: | D91 J12 J14 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irs:cepswp:2015-04&r=age |
| By: | James Poterba; Steven Venti; David A. Wise |
| Abstract: | We consider assets when individuals were last observed prior to death in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and trace assets backwards to the age when these individuals were first observed. For most individuals, assets in the last year observed (LYO) were very similar to assets in the first year observed (FYO). In particular, most of those who were last observed with very low asset levels also had low assets when first observed. We also estimate the relationship between an individual’s asset change between the first and last date of observation, that individual’s education and health status when first observed, and that individual’s within-sample changes in health and family composition. We obtain estimates for HRS respondents who were 51 to 61 in 1992 and for AHEAD respondents who were age 70 and over in 1993. |
| JEL: | E21 J14 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21682&r=age |
| By: | Hamdani, Assaf; Kandel, Eugene; Mugerman, Yevgeny; Yafeh, Yishay |
| Abstract: | Regulators worldwide take the view that competition—and not performance-based fees—should play a dominant role in aligning the interests of retirement savings fund managers with those of their clients. We use a regulatory experiment from Israel to examine the effects of incentive fees and competition on performance. Taking advantage of a unique institutional setup, we compare three exogenously-given types of retirement savings funds operated by the same management companies: (i) funds where fees are performance-based; (ii) funds where fees are based on assets under management (AUM) operating in an environment with very weak competitive pressures; and (iii) funds where fees are AUM-based and the environment is highly competitive. We find that funds with performance-based fees exhibit high returns, high risk and high α. By contrast, when comparing the average performance of funds with AUM-based fees in competitive and less competitive environments, we find no significant differences (except that funds in a competitive environment charge lower fees). We conclude that incentives and competition are not perfect substitutes in the retirement savings industry. We also conjecture that the ubiquitous regulatory restrictions on the use of incentives in fund management may be inefficient, and should perhaps be reconsidered. |
| Keywords: | Competition; Incentives; Pension Funds; Retirement Savings |
| JEL: | G23 G28 G38 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10911&r=age |
| By: | Carmen Elisa Flórez N.; Leonardo Villar; Nadia Puerta; Luisa Berrocal |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar la evolución de la población colombiana desde 1985 hasta el año 2050, diferenciando los cambios demográficos a nivel agregado, en los hogares e individualmente. Se identifican aquí las tendencias del envejecimiento poblacional colombiano y se hace una caracterización sociodemográfica de este grupo de población, desagregado por grupos de edad, sexo, área –urbana o rural–, regiones y principales ciudades. |
| Keywords: | Envejecimiento de la Población, Población, Vejez, Transición Demográfica, Colombia |
| JEL: | I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013894&r=age |
| By: | Susana Martínez-Restrepo; Erika Enríquez; María Cecilia Pertuz; Juan Pablo Alzate Meza |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este capítulo es estudiar las características del mercado laboral de las personas mayores y ver qué tan preparadas están económicamente para enfrentar la vejez quienes lleguen a los 60 años de edad en los próximos 20 años. ¿Qué diferencias hay entre los subgrupos de la población, principalmente cuando se discrimina por sexo, nivel socioeconómico y población rural y urbana? ¿Cuál es el comportamiento del ingreso laboral, no laboral y por concepto de pensiones a lo largo del ciclo de la vida? ¿Cuáles son las diferencias en la composición del ingreso entre los subgrupos de la población? |
| Keywords: | Mercado Laboral, Vejez, Desempleo, Informalidad, Envejecimiento de la Población, Política Pública, Protección Social, Colombia |
| JEL: | I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013896&r=age |
| By: | Leonardo Villar; David Forero; Carmen Elisa Flórez; Nadia Puerta; Erika Enríquez; Natalia Valencia-López |
| Abstract: | En este capítulo se analizan los mecanismos de ahorro e inversión en la población mayor en Colombia, y complementa el análisis con la teoría y las evidencias empíricas encontradas en la literatura económica sobre el tema. Incluye también los resultados del trabajo de campo cualitativo de los grupos focales realizados en Nariño, Cundinamarca y Córdoba. Este capítulo está compuesto por cinco partes, incluida esta introducción. En la siguiente sección se hace un repaso de la teoría del ciclo de vida y de lo que se espera que pase con la tasa de ahorro de un individuo al llegar a la vejez. En la tercera sección se examina el sistema de ahorro pensional voluntario en Colombia, su cobertura y alcance, y se examinan las experiencias de sistemas similares en otros países de América Latina. En la cuarta parte se analiza el concepto de ahorro en activos como mecanismo de protección para la vejez, y se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre el ahorro y de los resultados que arroja para Colombia. El capítulo finaliza con una caracterización de los activos acumulados por las personas mayores y otros grupos etarios próximos a la vejez mediante encuestas a los hogares, con lo que se pretende ofrecer una fotografía del ahorro en Colombia y su asociación con las características socioeconómicas de los hogares en el país. |
| Keywords: | Ahorros, Inversiones, Vejez, Envejecimiento de la Población, Protección Social, Colombia |
| JEL: | E21 E22 O16 I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013897&r=age |
| By: | Catalina Gutiérrez; Jonathan Moreno; Lina María González; Augusto Galán; Catalina Ruiz |
| Abstract: | Este capítulo se propone cuatro objetivos: los tres primeros desde un análisis mixto –cuantitativo y cualitativo– y el último con una perspectiva cuantitativa y con el uso de proyecciones. Se busca estimar el perfil de morbimortalidad asociado al envejecimiento de la población colombiana y paralelamente establecer cuál es la percepción de salud que se tiene. Se analizan también las estadísticas asociadas al aseguramiento, al uso y acceso de los servicios de salud de la población mayor y que envejece y la percepción que tienen del sistema. En tercera instancia, se busca entender las condiciones y los determinantes de la salud de la población mayor de 60 años y de la que envejece. Por último, se estima el efecto del envejecimiento enlos costos de salud de la población. En las secciones que siguen a continuación se describe en primer término el perfil de morbimortalidad de la población mayor, con referencia al curso de vida y se triangula con los resultados de la investigación cualitativa en la categoría de percepción de salud. Enseguida se presentan las condiciones de cobertura, afiliación, uso y acceso a los servicios de salud, y se triangulan con la percepción que, de acuerdo a los grupos focales, se tiene del sistema. En la siguiente sección se abordan los hábitos relacionados con la salud y en relación con las acciones dirigidas al envejecimiento activo de la población, y se presenta el modelo de estimación del estado de la salud, que busca establecer sus principales determinantes en las personas mayores. La última sección, que presenta resultados, empieza con una breve descripción de las normas especiales del sistema referidas a las personas mayores, sigue con el comportamiento del gasto en salud en Colombia y los costos asociados, para después presentar los dos modelos a partir de los cuales se estiman los costos de salud y su proyección. En la última sección se dan las conclusiones del capítulo y las recomendaciones de política. |
| Keywords: | Salud, Envejecimiento de la Población, Sistema de Salud, Política Pública, Protección social, Colombia |
| JEL: | I18 I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013898&r=age |
| By: | Alejandro Díaz; Norma Sánchez; Soraya Montoya; Susana Martínez-Restrepo; María Cecilia Pertuz; Caemen Elisa Flórez |
| Abstract: | Este capítulo se ocupa del cuidado de las personas mayores, de las características de dicho cuidado –número de horas, tipo de cuidado– y su relación con cierto tipo de discapacidades o enfermedades crónicas. Por otro lado, analiza a quiénes están cuidando las personas mayores y quiénes los cuidan a ellos. |
| Keywords: | Envejecimiento de la Población, Vejez, Política Pública, Protección Social, Colombia |
| JEL: | I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013899&r=age |
| By: | Lucas Correa Montoya; Susana Martínez-Restrepo; Erika Enríquez; María Cecilia Pertuz; Soraya Montoya; Martha Isabel Acevedo |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este capítulo es entender cuáles son las características de las personas mayores afectadas por el conflicto armado colombiano, con especial énfasis en las personas en situación de desplazamiento forzado. Esto con el fin de brindar algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones que les permitan al Estado y a la sociedad colombiana prever necesidades y violaciones futuras a los derechos humanos y dar respuesta, desde el presente, a las necesidades de las víctimas mayores de futuras generaciones. |
| Keywords: | Conflicto Armado, Envejecimiento de la Población, Vejez, Política Pública, Protección Social, Colombia |
| JEL: | I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013900&r=age |
| By: | Lucas Correa Montoya; Soraya Montoya; Martha Isabel Acevedo |
| Abstract: | El presente capítulo se estructura de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, se ofrece un marco teórico sobre el conflicto armado colombiano; aborda la paz como un principio, fin y valor constitucional, así como un derecho y un deber; sistematiza el concepto de construcción de paz y presenta las prioridades que desde otras experiencias internacionales deben tenerse en cuenta; finalmente aborda los conceptos de cultura, educación y hábitos para la paz desde una perspectiva de diálogo e intercambio intergeneracional. En segundo lugar, presenta los análisis y resultados del trabajo de campo en torno a la pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué pueden aportar las personas mayores a la construcción de paz en Colombia? Finalmente, a partir del análisis cruzado del marco teórico y de los resultados del trabajo de campo, se dan algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones prácticas para potenciar y promover la participación de las personas mayores en los procesos de construcción de paz. |
| Keywords: | Envejecimiento de la Población, Paz, Política Pública, Protección social, Colombia |
| JEL: | I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013901&r=age |
| By: | Fedesarrollo; Fundación Saldarriaga Concha; Leonardo Villar; Soraya Montoya González; Susana Martínez-Restrepo; Lina María González-Ballesteros |
| Abstract: | Hoy en Colombia hay más viejos que nunca antes: 5,2 millones de personas (el 10,8% de la población) con 60 años o más, y para 2050 calculamos que serán 14,1 millones (el 23% de la población). Por esta razón, la labor que nos fue encomendada por los fundadores de la Fundación Saldarriaga Concha, de trabajar por el bienestar y la inclusión de las personas mayores, se hace aún más vigente. La Misión Colombia Envejece es un trabajo conjunto entre la Fundación y Fedesarrollo, y su objetivo es dar a conocer la situación del envejecimiento de su población y los retos que esto plantea para el país. La Misión es el resultado de una investigación y aprendizaje conjuntos, de entrevistas con personas y organizaciones de la sociedad civil, y de llegar desde lo teórico y lo empírico a importantes conclusiones para nuestro país y su población que envejece. Este proyecto de investigación empezó a gestarse hace varios años. En el 2012, como directora de la Fundación Saldarriaga Concha, y luego de haber investigado, discutido y trabajado en diferentes espacios el tema del envejecimiento y sus repercusiones sociales y económicas, tuvimos encuentros fructíferos con la Academia de Ciencias de Estados Unidos. Con algunos de sus miembros compartimos información, en especial una publicada por las Academias Nacionales de Ciencias de China, Indonesia, India, Japón y Estados Unidos sobre los retos que enfrenta Asia por el envejecimiento de su población. Regresé a Colombia con la firme convicción de que nuestro país tenía mucho que aprender de ese estudio y de otros similares, con el entendimiento de que Latinoamérica tenía la obligación de cuestionarse sobre las condiciones del envejecimiento de su población, y además, que Colombia debía analizar el envejecimiento de las personas en un contexto de construcción de paz. |
| Keywords: | Envejecimiento, Envejecimiento de la Población, Vejez, Misión Colombia Envejece, Protección Social, Colombia |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013888&r=age |
| By: | Leonardo Villar; Carmen Elisa Flórez; David Forero; Natalia Valencia-López; Nadia Puerta; Felipe Botero |
| Abstract: | Este capítulo hace una caracterización completa del sistema de protección económica de la población mayor en Colombia. Se divide en siete secciones, la primera de las cuales es esta introducción. En la segunda se resumen los antecedentes y el marco legal del Sistema General de Pensiones colombiano (SGP). En la tercera se hace una evaluación de los resultados que se han obtenido tras la Ley 100 de 1993 y se hace énfasis en las falencias del régimen actual, especialmente en términos de cobertura y equidad. En la cuarta sección se aplica un modelo pensional elaborado por Asofondos para explorar las perspectivas para los próximos 35 años en términos de cobertura pensional, si se mantiene el régimen actual. La sección 5 se concentra en los esquemas de pensiones no contributivas, discute sus bases conceptuales y las mejores prácticas internacionales y analiza la experiencia colombiana con el programa Colombia Mayor. La sección 6 utiliza la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida (ECV) del 2013, la Encuesta Longitudinal de Protección Social (ELPS) del 2012, ambas del DANE, y la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) del 2010, de Profamilia, para hacer una caracterización de los pensionados y de los beneficiarios del programa Colombia Mayor. Finalmente, la sección 7 discute las recomendaciones de política pública que se pueden extraer del análisis. |
| Keywords: | Sistema General de Pensiones, Pensiones de Jubilación, Sistemas de Jubilación, Subsidios de Vejez, Envejecimiento de la Población, Asofondos, Política Pública, Vejez, Colombia |
| JEL: | I38 J11 J14 J18 J26 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:013895&r=age |