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on Africa |
| By: | Stojetz, Wolfgang (ISDC - International Security and Development Center); Azzarri, Carlo (International Food Policy Research Institute); Mane, Erdgin (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Brück, Tilman (IGZ, HU Berlin & ISDC) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides evidence on the impacts of armed conflict and climate change on individual labor intensity. Based on pooled labor force survey, climate, and conflict event data from 21 African countries, we document that climate change and armed conflict can create a polycrisis: the negative impacts of extreme climate events on labor intensity in and outside of agriculture are more severe in conflict environments. This interaction effect, driven by heat waves and floods, is concentrated among young people, and it is the result of violent conflict presence before a climate event occurs, not of conflict events that occur at the same time as the climate event. In addition, our results suggest that conflict contributes to gender-specific shifts in labor allocation in response to climate events exacerbating women’s work burden. Our findings emphasize the importance of concerted, evidence-based policies to tackle climate-conflict polycrises, taking into account the specific vulnerabilities shaped by individuals’ gender and age. |
| Keywords: | gender, employment, conflict, climate, agrifood systems, agriculture, Africa, polycrisis, youth |
| JEL: | D74 J16 J22 O12 Q10 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17968 |
| By: | Juif, Dacil Tania; Mühlhoff, Katharina |
| Abstract: | The economic history of mining has largely overlooked the role of women, reflecting both the male dominance of the sector and the invisibility of women’s labour in historical sources. This chapter explores women’s roles in mining over the past two centuries, focusing on the Global South -particularly Africa- and includes a case study of copper mining in Rio Tinto, Spain, using company records. While mineral extraction was reserved for men, women played key supporting roles, especially in the 20th-century Global South, though this rarely translated into improved conditions or career opportunities. Within Africa, regional differences were stark: for instance, Angolan diamond mines increased female employment in the 1950s, while women were absent from company payrolls in the Central African Copperbelt. In Rio Tinto, most employed women were widows in vulnerable positions, suggesting that their work served as a form of social insurance rather than a step toward economic inclusion. These patterns highlight the need for further research using company records to better understand the influence of policy, culture, and industry structure on women’s roles in mining. |
| Keywords: | Mining Work; Women; History; Global South; Africa; Rio Tinto |
| JEL: | J01 J16 J81 N30 |
| Date: | 2025–07–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:whrepe:47597 |
| By: | Witte, Marc J. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Roth, Johanna (Sciences Po); Hardy, Morgan (New York University, Abu Dhabi); Meyer, Christian Johannes (University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | We present findings from an at-scale randomized trial of a government program providing public employment services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with up-to-date vacancy information. Before the program, women with relatively less education searched more narrowly with worse labor market outcomes than the rest of our representative sample of relevant job seekers. These women also have lower direct intervention take-up than the rest of the sample. However, only these women significantly increase applications, receive more offers, shift from household enterprise work to wage employment, and experience higher earnings in response to the intervention. These employment impacts are larger than can be explained by vacancies directly curated through the intervention. Instead, these women adjust search behavior, expectations, and employment aspirations more broadly. Notably, offers come through friends and family networks, their modal baseline search method, underscoring the potential role of social networks in disseminating employment information to the most marginalized job seekers. |
| Keywords: | marginalized job seekers, labor market frictions, public employment services, randomized controlled trial (RCT) |
| JEL: | J08 J16 J64 O15 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18005 |
| By: | Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife |
| Abstract: | This article comprehensively examines the legal, institutional and procedural dimensions of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) framework in Nigeria. It elucidates on the progression of EIA practices from early petroleum-related regulations to the formal enactment of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act in 1992 and the subsequent 2021 Procedures and Charges Regulation. The article maps out key procedural stages of EIA, this includes the screening, scoping, documentation, decision-making, and monitoring stages. On that premise, it analyzes their effectiveness and further discusses the enforcement and oversight roles of institutions such as NESREA and FMENV in the EIA procedure and facilitating sustainable development. It further demonstrate Nigeria’s considerable alignment with global environmental standards but reveals profound concerns with the overlapping of agency functions, inadequate public participation, outdated legislation, and corporate non-compliance. The article contends that while Nigeria’s EIA framework has significant potential, effective implementation, regulatory reform, and public engagement are pertinent for realizing its environmental sustainability goals. |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:95ahw_v1 |