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on Africa |
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Issue of 2005‒10‒15
ten papers chosen by Suzanne McCoskey Foreign Service Institute, US Department of State |
| By: | AURIOL, Emmanuelle; WARLTERS, Michael |
| JEL: | D43 H25 H26 H32 H60 |
| Date: | 2005–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ide:wpaper:4375&r=afr |
| By: | Landis MacKellar |
| Abstract: | In this paper, trends in official development assistance (ODA) for Health AIDS and Population (HAP) are analysed to gain information about revealed priorities. The major findings are as follows: HIV/AIDS is clearly the top priority in international health assistance. While the share of HAP in total ODA has increased significantly over the last decade, however, if HIV/AIDS is excluded, health assistance is actually losing, not gaining share in total ODA. Even more striking, apart from HIV/AIDS, the health sub-sectors generally considered pro-poor are losing share in health ODA. These trends, inconsistent with the emphasis placed on health as a key sector in development and with growing recognition of the links between health and poverty, are true both for aid-recipient countries as a whole and for least-developed countries. They help to explain and underscore the urgency of warnings emanating from the international public health community that international support for health development is insufficient. They also raise the issue of whether HAP assistance is being effectively allocated to address the needs of the poor.... Ce document se propose d’analyser l’évolution de l’aide publique au développement (APD) consacrée à la santé, au sida et à la population (HAP) afin de collecter des informations sur les priorités identifiées. Plusieurs conclusions s’imposent. Le VIH/sida apparaît clairement comme la première priorité de l’aide internationale en matière de santé. Si la part globale de l’aide HAP dans le total de l’APD a sensiblement augmenté au cours des dix dernières années, l’assistance à la santé perd en fait du terrain dès lors que l’on exclut les données relatives au VIH/sida. Mais il y a plus : les sous-secteurs de la santé (hors VIH/sida), qui sont en général considérés comme « favorables aux pauvres », perdent en importance dans l’APD en matière de santé. Ces évolutions — qui contredisent la place officielle accordée à la santé en tant que secteur primordial du développement et la reconnaissance croissante des liens entre santé et pauvreté – se retrouvent autant chez les pays bénéficiaires de l’aide pris dans leur ensemble que chez les pays moins avancés. Elles permettent d’expliquer et de souligner l’importance des mises en garde de la communauté internationale chargée de la santé publique, qui estime que l’aide internationale en matière de santé reste insuffisante. Elles soulèvent également une interrogation quant à l’efficacité de l’allocation de l’aide HAP par rapport aux besoins des pauvres... |
| Date: | 2005–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:devaaa:244-en&r=afr |
| By: | Mikkel Barslund (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); John Rand (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Finn Tarp (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Jacinto Chiconela (Ministry of Planning and Development (MPD), Mozambique) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes how different economic characteristics at the individual, household and community level affect the risk of victimization, controlling for the impact of (non-economic) sociological factors. We use a nation wide household survey from Mozambique and show that the probability of being victimized is increasing in income, but at a diminishing rate. At the same time, poorer households are vulnerable. While less at risk of victimization, they tend to suffer relatively greater losses when such shocks occur. Economic development and reduction in victimization go hand in hand, and lower inequality and increased employment appear as effective means of combating crime. |
| Keywords: | victimization; crime; Africa; Mozambique; development; probit |
| JEL: | K40 K42 O55 |
| Date: | 2005–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kuiedp:0517&r=afr |
| By: | Hans Christiansen |
| Abstract: | <P>The present paper was prepared in the context of a joint project between the OECD Investment Committee (IC) and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) on Official Development Assistance and Investment for Development. It responds to discussions at the IC-DAC Workshop on Synergies between ODA and Foreign Direct Investment on 11 March 2004, during which participants opined that development agencies lack information about the quality of the investment climate in developing countries and the likely repercussions for direct investment.</P><P>The purpose of the present paper is threefold. First, it provides an overview of a variety of scoreboards for the investment climate that have been established by a number of actors, including the World Bank, UNCTAD and several private “think tanks”. Second, it documents their similarities and discrepancies in assessing the investment climates of developing, emerging and transition economies (henceforth jointly referred to as “developing countries”) ...</P> |
| Date: | 2004–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dafaaa:2004/5-en&r=afr |
| By: | Jens Andersson; Federico Bonaglia; Kiichiro Fukasaku; Caroline Lesser |
| Abstract: | The experience of the five examined industries (agro-food in Chile, cut flowers in Kenya, garment in Lesotho and in Mauritius and seafood in Thailand) demonstrates that non-traditional industries can emerge and achieved strong growth rates in very diverse settings in terms of geography and initial economic and social conditions. In most of these cases, the government adopted a relatively export-oriented, business-friendly attitude and adapted its policies as the industries developed. Hence, a key factor for successful structural adjustment has been the pro-active role of government in establishing an enabling economic and policy environment that allows local firms to operate on a level-playing field and strengthen their competitive edge in international markets. This highlights the importance of implementing trade policies in the framework of comprehensive development strategies and establishing a consultative national policy-making process for ensuring a coherent approach to trade and structural adjustment. The case studies also underscore that countries (government and industry) are compelled to constantly adapt in light of new sources of competition, growing wage levels, environmental constraints, technological advances and demanding product and process standards. Policy-makers in most countries under review are aware of this challenge. As a consequence, some of them have taken the initiative to set up specific mechanisms or programmes for further enhancing the competitiveness of existing export sectors and/or promoting emerging non-traditional export industries. L’expérience des cinq filières étudiées (agro-alimentaire au Chili, fleurs au Kenya, vêtements au Lesotho et à Maurice, et fruits de mer en Thaïlande) démontre que des industries non traditionnelles peuvent naître et générer de solides taux de croissance dans les contextes les plus variés de géographie ou de fondamentaux économiques et sociaux. Dans la plupart de ces cas, les pouvoirs publics ont adopté une approche relativement favorable à l’exportation et aux affaires, et adapté leurs politiques au développement de ces activités. Partant, le facteur clé d’un ajustement structurel bénéfique a été la détermination des gouvernements à adapter leur économie et le cadre politique pour permettre aux entreprises d’opérer à un stade approprié et de renforcer leurs avantages comparatifs sur les marchés internationaux. Ce qui souligne l’importance d’inscrire la politique commerciale dans le cadre des stratégies de développement global et de mettre en place, pour assurer une approche cohérente de l’ajustement commercial et structurel, une procédure consultative nationale d’adoption des politiques. Les études de cas soulignent aussi que les pays (pouvoirs publics et entreprises) sont condamnés à s’adapter constamment en fonction des nouvelles sources de concurrence, de la charge salariale croissante, des contraintes de l’environnement, des avancées technologiques, et des exigences de la demande et des progrès. Les décideurs politiques de la plupart des pays passés en revue sont conscients de ce défi. Et c’est pourquoi plusieurs d’entre eux ont pris l’initiative de mettre en oeuvre des mécanismes ou des programmes spécifiques pour renforcer la compétitivité des actuelles filières d’export et/ou pour favoriser l’émergence d’activités exportatrices non traditionnelles. |
| Date: | 2005–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:devaaa:245-en&r=afr |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies non-tariff barriers (NTBs) faced by developing countries in their trade with developed countries and in South-South trade. The goal is to raise awareness of barriers that interfere with the ability of developing countries to build up trade. Data collected and analysed consist of the academic literature, notifications by developing countries to the Negotiating Group on Market Access for Non- Agricultural Products (NAMA) of the Doha Development Agenda, business surveys, and records relating to trade disputes brought before the World Trade Organization and regional dispute settlement mechanisms. The chapter identifies the categories and types of measures that are most reported and the products affected by the reported measures. Attention is also drawn to developing countries’ forwardlooking export strategies and related potential barriers. Overall, the chapter highlights similarities and differences in barriers reported in the data reviewed and compares barriers reported for trade with developed countries and for trade among developing countries. |
| Keywords: | market access, non-tariff barriers, developing countries, Doha Development Agenda, NAMA notifications, non-tariff measures, regional integration, south-south trade, surveys, trade disputes |
| Date: | 2005–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaab:16-en&r=afr |
| By: | Evdokia Moïsé |
| Abstract: | This document presents country studies on customs reforms that have taken place in Mozambique, Angola, Pakistan and Peru. The studies were used as supporting material for the report on "Trade Facilitation Reforms in the Service of Development" (document TD/TC/WP(2003)11/FINAL). |
| Keywords: | developing countries, reforms, benefits, costs, customs, trade facilitation |
| Date: | 2005–02–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaab:12-en&r=afr |
| By: | Durlauf,S.N.; Kourtellos,A.; Tan,C.M. (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Social Systems Research Institute) |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:att:wimass:200516&r=afr |
| By: | Cohen-Cole,E.B.; Durlauf,S.N.; Rondina,G. (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Social Systems Research Institute) |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:att:wimass:20059&r=afr |
| By: | Douglas C. Lippoldt; Walter Park |
| Abstract: | This study presents an empirical analysis of the extent to which stronger intellectual property rights promote international technology transfer through licensing activities. The analysis focuses on licensing activities of U.S. multinationals as well as on international licensing alliances between firms in developing and developed nations. Both aggregate level data and firm level data are examined. The study provides general support for the proposition that the strengthening of intellectual property rights - as measured by selected indicators - has had a net positive effect on technology transfer via licensing during the 1990s. The general implication of this study for developing economies is that IPR reform should be one part of a general strategy for promoting economic development in combination with other complementary policy reforms. In particular, patent rights and effective enforcement can be instrumental in enabling firms in developing nations to access and exploit technologies and know-how through licensing agreements with parties in developed nations. Overall, the analysis presented here indicates that where developing countries have moved to address weaknesses in these areas in recent years, they have tended to experience enhanced access to technology through licensing. |
| Keywords: | economic development, intellectual property rights, licensing |
| Date: | 2004–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaab:10-en&r=afr |