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on Accounting and Auditing |
| By: | Gadžo, Amra; Jupić, Nedžad |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the transformation of the accounting profession, focusing on the evolving role of accountants in the digital era. As digital technologies automate traditional accounting tasks, the profession must redefine its relevance within modern organizations. Accountants are increasingly expected to combine financial expertise with technological competence, participating in the development of accounting information systems and using digital tools for the preparation, analysis, and visual presentation of financial data. These changes reinforce the importance of collaboration between accountants and management in data-driven decision-making processes. The paper presents empirical findings on the digital readiness of accountants in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). It analyses their competencies, the extent of organizational support for digital training, and the adequacy of the educational framework in preparing them for technological transformation. The results provide insights and recommendations aimed at strengthening the strategic position of accountants in the digital environment. Moreover, the study highlights the blurred boundaries between accounting and information technology, where new responsibilities lack clear professional ownership. It argues that accountants should view digitalization not as a threat, but as an opportunity to expand their professional influence and reaffirm their role in shaping the future of the accounting profession. |
| Keywords: | role of accountants, digital environment, XBRL standards, visualization tools |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:343423 |
| By: | Massimiliano Affinito (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on central bank balance sheet policies by examining the evolution of Banca d'Italia's balance sheet over the course of the 20th century. Using a range of VAR models, the analysis shows that in Italy, throughout the century, both balance sheet responses and impulses to macroeconomic conditions closely resemble those traditionally attributed to conventional monetary policy instruments, as well as those observed during recent episodes of unconventional balance sheet expansions. The paper therefore concludes that the central bank balance sheet functioned de facto as a monetary policy instrument throughout the century. Specifically, on the reaction function side, the balance sheet contracted in response to positive inflation shocks and exchange rate depreciations, while it expanded following positive shocks to real output and government debt. On the impulses side, exogenous balance sheet expansions were followed by significant increases in output, trade and inflation, as well as by exchange rate depreciation. A complementary analysis of balance sheet components shows that the composition of the balance sheet also changed over time in line with evolving macroeconomic needs. The role of the balance sheet changed from the early 1980s onwards, when policy interest rates became the primary instrument for controlling inflation internationally. Even in the latter part of the century, however, the balance sheet does not appear to have lost its function as a monetary policy instrument. Instead, it seems to have operated alongside the policy rate. |
| Keywords: | balance sheet policies and expansions, unconventional and conventional measures, frequentist and Bayesian VARs, rolling VAR, balance sheet components |
| JEL: | E58 E52 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_1042_26 |
| By: | Delić, Erna; Gadžo, Amra |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to explore how Swedish sustainability reports can serve as a reference point for Bosnia and Herzegovina in building a more coherent and comparable reporting system. This study focuses on sustainability reports from Swedish listed companies aligned with the CSRD as a benchmark for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2024. By conducting a comparative and content analysis highlight how the structured and detailed form of Swedish reports can inform the development of BiH's practices, which at present lack consistency and formalization. The findings suggest that implementing the CSRD could accelerate BiH's transition toward systematic and internationally comparable reporting. The paper concludes on how Swedish experiences and reporting practices can be adapted to the Bosnian context. The findings indicate that Swedish reports are characterized by a high degree of standardization, sectoral comparability, and integration with European sustainability frameworks, while Bosnian reports show inconsistency and limited stakeholder orientation. The study concludes that gradual adoption of the CSRD, accompanied by institutional support and sector-specific guidelines, could accelerate Bosnia and Herzegovina's transition toward systematic, transparent, and internationally comparable reporting. Swedish experiences thus offer concrete lessons for designing a more coherent sustainability reporting system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
| Keywords: | sustainability reporting, content analysis, corporate sustainability reporting directive |
| JEL: | M40 M41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:343409 |
| By: | Rixu Lan (Central University of Finance and Economics); Haowen Ma (Central University of Finance and Economics); Lingyu Kong (Adelaide University) |
| Abstract: | How did firms govern employee misconduct in the absence of strong courts, standardized accounting, and effective external enforcement? Existing accounts of corporate governance often treat formal law and bureaucratic control as preconditions for modern organizations. Drawing on extensive archival evidence from the Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank between 1915 and 1949, this article challenges that assumption by examining how a large, expanding bank constructed an effective internal system to prevent employee fraud under conditions of legal fragility and political instability. Conceptually, the study reframes fraud control as a historically contingent governance architecture composed of three interlocking elements: dense internal monitoring, incentive-based career structures, and a distinctive guarantor system that transferred risk to third parties while mobilizing social reputation, moral obligation, and private information. Rather than operating as an informal residue of tradition, the guarantor system functioned as a contractual and organizational device that embedded extra-organizational social relations into the bank’s formal governance structure. Based on regulations, personnel files, fraud case records, and contemporary publications, the article shows that these mechanisms were mutually reinforcing and capable of sustaining relatively low fraud incidence and high employee retention over time, though their effectiveness depended on macroeconomic stability. By historicizing corporate governance outside Western institutional settings, the study demonstrates that modern control did not require the elimination of informality but its strategic institutionalization. More broadly, it contributes to business history and the study of capitalism by revealing alternative pathways through which firms historically produced trust, discipline, and accountability in the absence of strong states. |
| Keywords: | employee fraud prevention;Chinese modern banks;guarantor system;internal labor markets |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adl:wpaper:2026-06 |