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on Accounting and Auditing |
| By: | Godin, M. (Université de Namur); Hindriks, J. (Université catholique de Louvain, CORE, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | The mobilization of domestic tax resource has become a key issue for developing countries. In this report, we provide some facts and figures on the levels and structures of taxation around the world with special attention to Low Income Countries, (LICs). We use the new ICTD database covering 203 countries with 40 tax items over the period 1980-2010. We discuss some principles of tax design in a global economy that are relevant for LICs. We also review some critical issues on corruption and compliance to see how they relate to growth and tax evasion. We then provide a benchmark framework to assess the overall performance of the government tax collection. We use the tax effort index that measures the gap between the potential tax and the actual tax. The novelty of this tax effort index is twofold. First it takes into account spatial variables to capture the geographic dependence. Second it breaks down the tax effort analysis tax item by tax item to capture the possible tax shift. We conclude with a full ranking of tax effort for all countries and some suggestions of tax reform for a subset of countries that are targeted by the Belgian Development Cooperation. |
| Keywords: | Corporate taxation, efficient tax administration, tax enforcement, source- based and destination based taxation, origin and destination principles, Tariffs |
| JEL: | C72 H23 H70 |
| Date: | 2015–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2015028&r=acc |
| By: | M. L. Bertotti; G. Modanese |
| Abstract: | A microscopic dynamic model is here constructed and analyzed, describing the evolution of the income distribution in the presence of taxation and redistribution in a society in which also tax evasion and auditing processes occur. The focus is on effects of enforcement regimes, characterized by different choices of the audited taxpayer fraction and of the penalties imposed to noncompliant individuals. A complex systems perspective is adopted: society is considered as a system composed by a large number of heterogeneous individuals. These are divided into income classes and may as well have different tax evasion behaviors. The variation in time of the number of individuals in each class is described by a system of nonlinear differential equations of the kinetic discretized Boltzmann type involving transition probabilities. |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1602.08467&r=acc |
| By: | Timothy Irwin |
| Abstract: | Although the budget deficit is much discussed in political debate and economic research, there is no agreement on how it should be measured. There are at least four options, which can be called the cash deficit, the financial deficit, the full-accrual deficit, and the comprehensive deficit. Each is informative, but each has problems of relevance or reliability. Some are more vulnerable to manipulation involving assets and liabilities that are unrecognized in the underlying accounting, others to manipulation involving the mismeasurement of recognized assets and liabilities. Governments should publish all four in a form that reveals their interrelationships. |
| Keywords: | Liabilities;Accrual accounts, comprehensive accounts, factor income distribution, budget deficit, deficit, accounting, transactions, All Countries, |
| Date: | 2015–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:15/261&r=acc |
| By: | Mohamed Arouri; Gazi Salah Uddin; Kishwar Nawaz; Muhammad Shahbaz; Frédéric Teulon |
| Date: | 2016–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2013-37&r=acc |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses Dominica’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF). Tropical Storm Erika had a devastating effect on Dominica’s economy. Total damage and loss is estimated at 96 percent of GDP. Real GDP is projected to decline by 3 percent in 2015, and reconstruction expenditures and the impact on agriculture and tourism activities are putting pressure on the fiscal and external accounts. Despite the high capital expenditures, the 2015 budget deficit will be contained to 2.4 percent of GDP reflecting strong grants, and the current account balance could deteriorate to a deficit of about 15 percent of GDP. The IMF staff supports the authorities’ request for a disbursement under the RCF. |
| Keywords: | Dominica;Western Hemisphere;monetary fund, revenues, investment, disbursement, tax |
| Date: | 2015–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:15/316&r=acc |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | This report presents estimates of the tax gap for Finland for the period 2008–14. There are two main components to the RA-GAP methodology for estimating the VAT gap: 1) estimate the potential VAT collections for a given period; and 2) determine the accrued VAT collections for that period. The difference between the two values is the VAT gap. The methodology employs a top-down approach for estimating the potential VAT base, using statistical data on value-added generated in each sector and constructs the accrued VAT collections value from tax record data. One of the main purposes of this report is to estimate the compliance gap. The compliance gap is the difference between the potential VAT that could have been collected given the current policy framework and actual accrued VAT collections. Other tax gap measures can be determined using different methods for determining potential VAT, and these other measures are important in understanding all the factors which are affecting current collections. This report will provide estimates for these other gap measures as well, and compare and contrast them with the compliance gap. |
| Date: | 2016–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:16/60&r=acc |
| By: | Chiraz Ben Ali; Cédric Lesage |
| Date: | 2016–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-43&r=acc |
| By: | Thomas Hemmelgarn (European Commission); Gaëtan Nicodème (European Commission); Bogdan Tasnadi (European Commission); Pol Vermote (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | The merits and demerits of financial transaction taxes have been heavily debated among economists, who remain divided on the effects of the taxes on trading volumes, market liquidity, and quotes volatility. In 2011, the European Commission put forth a legislative proposal for a common system of financial transaction taxes in the European Union. The proposal did not gather unanimity among all Member States and eleven asked to go ahead under the so-called enhanced cooperation procedure. In parallel, countries such as France and Italy have introduced their own taxes, while others of the group of eleven already had an FTT in place (Belgium and Greece). Discussions between Member States on the final design of the financial transaction tax are progressing, but to date no final decision has been made. This paper reviews the most recent economic literature on the effects of financial transaction taxes, with a focus on those recently introduced. It also details the proposals made by the European Commission. |
| Keywords: | taxation, financial sector, financial transaction taxes, European Union |
| JEL: | G18 G28 G38 H21 H32 |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tax:taxpap:0062&r=acc |
| By: | Dennis Huber (Autre - non renseigné); Emmanuel Charrier (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris IX - Paris Dauphine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | A comparison between the American organization and governance Forensic accounting system, and the French one. Analysis of risks and rewards of these different regulation systems. |
| Abstract: | Comparaison des dispositifs américain et français d'encadrement et de gouvernance de l'expertise financière à fins de justice. Analyse des risques et avantages de logiques différentes de régulation |
| Keywords: | Forensic accounting,Regulation,Expertise financière,France,USA |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01277534&r=acc |