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on Accounting and Auditing |
| By: | Brandon Gipper; Christian Leuz; Mark Maffett |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how audit oversight by a public-sector regulator affects investors’ assessments of reporting credibility. We analyze whether the introduction of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and its inspection regime have strengthened capital-market responses to unexpected earnings releases, as theory predicts when reporting credibility increases. To identify the effects, we use a difference-in-differences design that exploits the staggered introduction of the inspection regime, which affects firms at different points in time depending on their fiscal year-ends, auditors, and the timing of PCAOB inspections. We find that capital-market responses to unexpected earnings increase significantly following the introduction of the PCAOB inspection regime. Corroborating these findings, we also find an increase in abnormal volume responses to firms’ 10-K filings after the new regime. Overall, our results are consistent with public audit oversight increasing the credibility of financial reporting. |
| JEL: | G14 G18 G38 K22 M41 M42 M48 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21530&r=all |
| By: | Jahnke, Bjoern |
| Abstract: | Sub-Saharan Africa economies introduced extensive reforms of their tax systems in the last two decades. In most of these countries taxes are now remitted through the self-assessment system that relies on quasi voluntary compliance and audit selection by risk. However, the revenues from direct taxes remained fairly stable and tax/GDP ratios lack behind the industrialized world. Several scholars argue that corruption is one of the major obstacles to increase tax revenues but focus on perceived corruption and remain on the macro-level. This study uses mirco-level data from the Afrobarometer survey wave 5 and thus relates personal corruption experiences to tax morale. The nationally representative survey includes information about corruption experiences in everyday situations when people need to get access to public goods in 31 sub-Saharan African countries. The paper finds that these petty corruption experiences significantly reduce the peoples willingness to pay taxes and hence contribute to the state community. The survey also provides information about trust in tax department in general as well as the perceived number of corrupt tax officials. A mediation analysis estimates that petty corruption experiences not only cause a directly negative effect on tax morale but also have indirectly affect on tax morale via reduced trust in the tax department. |
| Keywords: | corruption, tax morale, institutional and governance quality, economic development |
| JEL: | D73 H26 K42 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-564&r=all |
| By: | Assawer Elaoud (Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Tunisia); Anis Jarboui (Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Tunisia) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of the quality of accounting information and the auditor specialization on the investment efficiency. We find that the quality of accounting information has a significant effect on the investment efficiency for a company with an auditor is a specialist. The higher accounting information quality can improve investment efficiency by reducing information asymmetries. The results show that the quality of accounting information reduces the problems of over-investment and that the auditor industry specialization reduces underinvestment problems. In addition, our results show that the auditor specialization and the quality of accounting information are two mechanisms with a degree of substitution in improving the investment efficiency. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude examine l’impact de la qualité de l'information comptable et la spécialisation de l’auditeur sur l’efficacité de l’investissement dans le contexte tunisien. Nous constatons que la qualité de l’information comptable a un effet significatif sur l’efficacité de l’investissement pour les entreprises dont un auditeur est un spécialiste. Les résultats montrent que la qualité de l'information comptable diminue les problèmes de surinvestissement, la spécialisation sectorielle de l’auditeur peut réduire les problèmes de sous-investissement. En outre, nos résultats montrent que la spécialisation de l’auditeur et la qualité de l'information comptable sont deux mécanismes avec un certain degré de substitution dans l'amélioration de l'efficacité des investissements. |
| Date: | 2015–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01188613&r=all |
| By: | Ebru Tüzemen Atik (Karamano) |
| Abstract: | The New Turkish Commercial Code was adopted on 13 January 2011 and entered into force with the exception of certain provisions on 1 July 2012. The New Turkish Commercial Code introduced many important innovations and changes, of which, those related to the law of corporations stand out. Especially, many obstacles encountered by foreign investors when they attempt to establish corporations in Turkey were eliminated by the New Turkish Commercial Code. Among the changes in question are many practical and functional innovations, such as the acceptance of independent auditing upon the abolishment of the board of auditors, which was previously a department of joint-stock companies, and the obligation for companies to set up a company web-site. The New Turkish Commercial Code has enabled the joint-stock companies to comprise one shareholder only, which, earlier, could have been founded by at least five shareholders. Another complementary regulation was also made in relation to the structure of the board of directors in joint-stock companies: The board of directors, previously required to comprise at least three members, could henceforth be formed by a single member. This situation is the result of and the obligation from regulations in Turkish Law decreeing the possibility to establish joint-stock companies by a single shareholder. However, the field of application for the single-member board of directors adopted to provide coherence with the single-shareholder joint-stock company is, in fact, not limited to only such companies; a single-member board of director can also be preferred in joint-stock companies with multiple shareholders. This memorandum was prepared to indicate the conditions and principles for the formation of the single-member board of directors in joint-stock companies. Some of the requirements for the membership in a multiple-member board of directors are not stipulated for single-member board of directors in Turkish law. In addition, principles for the representation, meetings, and decision-making of the single-member board of directors are different from those of multi-member board of directors in various cases. For this reason, this work aims to discuss the single-member board of directors in the New Turkish Commercial Code in general terms, insomuch as it differs from the multiple-member board of directors. |
| Keywords: | Single-member board of directors, joint-stock company, board of directors membership, single-shareholder joint stock company, representation of the company, management of the company, new Turkish Commercial Code, Turkish law of corporations |
| JEL: | K20 K29 K00 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2704701&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. |
| Abstract: | The legal framework for PFM in Zambia is fragmented, and much of it is outdated—falling short of capturing both recently introduced reforms and internationally accepted practices. The government has prioritized a revision of the existing legal framework for PFM and national development planning. This revision will permit a range of important PFM reforms that are ongoing or planned to be incorporated within the legal framework. These reforms include medium-term planning and budgeting, a performance-oriented approach to budget management, the introduction of comprehensive commitment controls, adoption of international accounting and reporting standards (International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) 2001), implementation of a treasury single account (TSA), and recognition of electronic transaction processing arrangements. In addition, an updated legal framework would permit other important improvements in current practices to be incorporated. These amendments include: (i) extending the coverage of the law from the budgetary central government to general government and financial oversight of the wider public sector; (ii) harmonizing definitions and terminology; (iii) provisions on the management and monitoring of fiscal risks, and the approval for borrowing and guarantees issued by the government; (iv) clarification of the roles of the MoF and the BoZ on cash and debt management; (v) clear rules and procedural arrangements for supplementary budgets, excess expenditure, and the end-year carry-over of unspent appropriations; and (vi) broadening the sanctions regime for breaches of financial regulations to the controlling offices of organizations as well as individuals. Furthermore, a revision of the legal framework would facilitate the strengthening of existing institutions, in particular the powers of the NA to scrutinize the government’s medium-term fiscal and budget strategy and to oversee the execution of the budget, and the independence of the Auditor General (AG). Consideration could also be given to elevating the position of the Accountant General to PS level, in line with several other African countries. |
| Date: | 2015–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:15/240&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | Despite the Nigerian government efforts at reducing the incidence of fraud and corruption through measures, such as establishing and strengthening organs of accountability and promoting the global best corporate practices, fraud and financial crimes in the public sector continue to be on the increase. This paper examines the capability and competence requirements – Knowledge (KR), Skills (SR) and Task performance fraud risk assessment (TPFRA) of a forensic accountant and auditor in the Nigerian public sector. Also, this study determines whether the forensic accountant has higher levels of SR, KR and TPFRA requirements than the auditor in an emergent area of fraud prevention, detection and response. The study employed cross-sectional design and a survey method. Of the 550 questionnaires distributed, 422 questionnaires were returned and out of which 328 questionnaires retained for analysis. The variables are considered a between-subject factor and measured at two levels with a total of 29 observable items (including demography information). The study used PLS-SEM (SmartPLS 2.0 M3) and IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 as the primary statistical analysis tools. The results of the study confirm the significant positive relationship of SR on TPFRA and KR on TPFRA. Also, the findings revealed that the forensic accountant has significant higher levels of KR, SR and TPFRA than auditor in respect of fraud prevention, detection and response. The implication of this study might result in the overall reduction of fraud and fraudulent acts, promote institutional, regulatory and legal framework, and create awareness amongst the accounting and auditing institutions in the Nigerian public sector. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics; Accounting; Accountability; Forensic Accounting; Auditing; Assurance; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Investigation; Risk Assessment; Task Performance; Problem Representation; Skills; Mindset; Knowledge; Values; Ethics; Fraud Risk Assessment; Financial Criminology; Fraud; Fraud Related Problem Representation; Fraud Prevention; Fraud Detection; Fraud Response; Fraud Specialist; Auditor; Forensic Accountant; Fraud Examiner. |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2015–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66655&r=all |
| By: | Christine Marsal (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School - Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1) |
| Abstract: | Basel Committee on banking supervision issued consultative document on corporate governance principles for banks. The second principle argue that board members should and remain qualified in economics ans finance. So banks could be obliged to change the board to be compliant with this principle. Cooperative banks have been involved in this evolution, for many years. This recommandation, give us the opportunity to know how a board could be removed (to be more diversified) and what are the consequences on the audit committte functionning. Our result shows that this kind of change encounter many resistances, and the news skills come both from training than recruiting new administrators. The training process have no influence on audit quality and independancy. Training is strongly associated with poorly diversified board. |
| Abstract: | Les dernières recommandations du comité de Bâle insistent sur les compétences et connaissances des administrateurs en matière financière. Cela implique que les administrateurs se professionnalisent, ce qui peut conduire à renouveler une partie du conseil d'administration (CA). L'observation des pratiques de 16 caisses régionales de crédit agricole, sur une durée de 7 ans permet d'analyser comment les établissements ont composé avec de type de contrainte. Les résultats indiquent que la diversification des CA est variable. Les politiques actives de formation n'ont aucun effet sur le fonctionnement du comité d'audit, elles sont fortement associées au fonctionnement de comités liés au pilotage des caisses. Les compétences économiques et financières contribuent à la compétence du comité d'audit. Les implications managériale concernent à la fois le recrutement des administrateurs que les politiques de formation mises en oeuvre. |
| Date: | 2015–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01188787&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the impact of task performance, fraud risk assessment and forensic accountants and auditors’ skills and mindsets in the Nigerian public sector. It also draws the attention of the users of public sector accountants and auditors such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission, Special Control Unit of Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and White collar crimes. The objective of the study is to enhance the fraud risk assessment task performance in the Office of both Auditor General for the Federation and Accountant General of the Federation through the effective use of skills and mindsets (forensic accountant and auditor), which will usher in the best corporate governance practices in the Nigerian public sector. Thus, the study suggests performance measurement can be improved considering the impact of forensic accountant skills and mindsets on fraud risk assessment in the Nigerian public sector. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics; Accounting; Accountability; Forensic Accounting; Auditing; Assurance; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Investigation;Risk Assessment; Task Performance; Problem Representation; Skills; Mindset; Knowledge; Values; Ethics; Fraud Risk Assessment; Financial Criminology; Fraud; Fraud Related Problem Representation; Fraud Prevention; Fraud Detection; Fraud Response; Fraud Specialist; Auditor; Forensic Accountant; Fraud Examiner. |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66700&r=all |
| By: | Hesham Abdelghany (alexandria university) |
| Abstract: | The research investigated the impact of accounting disclosure quality and information asymmetry on the Egyptian stock market activity. The research provided some insights for the efficiency of the Egyptian stock market and how accounting disclosures play an active role in certain circumstances leading to reducing the informational gap between investors and management and enhancing the responsiveness to information in terms of increase in stock prices, transactions volume and transactions value. Data has been collected for companies listed in the Egyptian stock market for the period from 2002 through 2014. Research sample comprised of 60 companies which results in 780 observations for the research. I found that there are significant association between both accounting disclosure quality and information asymmetry and the stock market activity. |
| Keywords: | accounting disclosure quality |
| JEL: | E44 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2704127&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the relationship between knowledge (KR) and mindset (MR) on task performance fraud risk assessment (TPFRA) of forensic accountant and auditor in the public sector environment. It also examines the claim that forensic accountants possess higher level of KR, MR and TPFRA than auditors. The study design is cross-sectional. Survey questionnaire is used. The 300 respondents are real professional people (i.e. auditors and accountants in the Nigerian public sector) as true representatives to enhance the generalisation of the outcomes. PLS-SEM and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 were used as the primary statistical analysis tools for the study. The results of the present study confirm the positive relationship of KR and MR on TPFRA. Specifically, the results revealed that forensic accountants have higher levels of KR, MR and TPFRA than auditors in the areas of fraud prevention/deterrent, detection and response. Because of the adoption of cross-sectional design in which data are collected at one point of time, there is no time to wait for different follow-up stages or interventions before data analysis. Researchers are encouraged to use longitudinal design to explore interactions between KR, MR and TPFRA. This empirical study has revealed the value of KR and MR (forensic accountant and auditor) as a significant capability requirement in the workplace. Since no nation is immune to fraud and as loss due to fraud is costly, the result of this research will improve the corporate governance and accountability practices among public sector accountants and auditors. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics; Accounting; Accountability; Forensic Accounting; Auditing; Assurance; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Investigation;Risk Assessment; Task Performance; Problem Representation; Skills; Mindset; Knowledge; Values; Ethics; Fraud Risk Assessment; Financial Criminology; Fraud; Fraud Related Problem Representation; Fraud Prevention; Fraud Detection; Fraud Response; Fraud Specialist; Auditor; Forensic Accountant; Fraud Examiner. |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66665&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | The 2011 Global Economic Crime Survey instituted by PricewaterhouseCoopers confirms the economic crime in Malaysia to be on the increase and, therefore, requires immediate attention to stem the tides. In anticipation of the challenges occasioned due to a shift from the modified cash basis to the accrual basis of accounting, the Malaysian State’s determination to move from a developing nation to a developed nation and to be ranked among the first 10 in 2020, this paper presents the need for forensic accountant and auditor capability (i.e., mindset and skills) on forensic accountant and auditor competence (i.e., task performance fraud risk assessment (TPFRA)) in the Malaysian public sector. It also draws the attention of the users of public sector accountants and auditors to the understanding of fraud mechanisms and how to deal with fraudsters. The population of this study comprised the accountants and auditors in the office of the Accountant General and Auditor General of Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to investigate the competence requirements of accountants and auditors in the effective and efficient utilization of capability requirements, which have the potentials to usher in the best global practices in fighting fraud in the Malaysian public sector. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics, Accounting, Accountability, Forensic Accounting, Auditing, Assurance, Corporate Governance, Risk Management, Investigation, Risk Assessment, Task Performance, Problem Representation, Skills, Mindset, Knowledge, Values, Ethics, Fraud Risk Assessment, Financial Criminology, Fraud, Fraud Related Problem Representation, Fraud Prevention, Fraud Detection, Fraud Response, Fraud Specialist, Auditor, Forensic Accountant, Fraud Examiner |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66664&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates Fraud Risk Assessment Task Performance (TPFRA) and Knowledge Requirement (KR) of the forensic accountant and auditor on Fraud Related Problem Representation (FRPR) in the Nigerian public sector. The study used cross-sectional design and 400 Survey questionnaires. The respondents are real professional people (auditors and forensic accountants in the Nigerian public sector) as true representatives to enhance the generalisation of the outcomes. A total of 36 indicator items was measured on 5-point Likert Scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). PLS-SEM 2.0 3M and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 were employed as the primary statistical analysis tool for the study. The results of the present study confirm the positive relationship between KR on TPFRA, positive relationship of KR on FRPR, and positive relationship of FRPR and TPFRA. Specifically, the results revealed that FRPR positively mediates the relationship between TPFRA and KR (forensic accountant and auditor) in the areas of fraud prevention, detection and response. The first limitation deals with fraud and corrupt practices in a developing country, Nigeria. Examining the mediating influence of FRPR on KR and TPFRA in the public sector could be considered as sensitive and raise the issue of bias. The second limitation is the adoption of cross-sectional design in which data are collected at one point in time. Researchers are encouraged to use a longitudinal design to explore interactions between KR, FRPR and TPFRA. This empirical study has revealed the value of KR (forensic accountant and auditor) as a significant capability requirement in the workplace. In addition, it shows the importance of FRPR as an important mental state in decision-making or judgement and also the significance of FRPR as an important mediating variable on KR and TPFRA. No nation is immune to fraud and loss due to fraud in the public sector is enormous and costly, the result of this research will improve the KR of auditors and forensic accountants in the areas of fraud detection, prevention and response. It will also contribute to the regulatory, legal and institutional frameworks in accounting and auditing systems in Nigeria and portend an increase in demand for forensic accountants. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics; Accounting; Accountability; Forensic Accounting; Auditing; Assurance; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Investigation;Risk Assessment; Task Performance; Problem Representation; Skills; Mindset; Knowledge; Values; Ethics; Fraud Risk Assessment; Financial Criminology; Fraud; Fraud Related Problem Representation; Fraud Prevention; Fraud Detection; Fraud Response; Fraud Specialist; Auditor; Forensic Accountant; Fraud Examiner. |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66646&r=all |
| By: | Sarah Maire (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - Université Nancy II - Université de Metz) |
| Abstract: | Completing current research on hybrid organization in neo-institutional theory, this paper explores the coexistence, without competition, of two institutional logics and their practices, framed with different rationality in a same organization. More precisely, we focused on the two logics present in a non-profit and religious organization of scouting. Through annuals reports collected from 1983 to 2013, participant observation, discussions and audit reports, we observed the coevolution of accountability logic based on instrumental rationality and religion logic based on a belief-oriented rationality. Our results suggest the coexistence of logics and their practices, even if they have different rationality. |
| Abstract: | Dans le cadre de la théorie néo-institutionnelle et pour approfondir la recherche sur les organisations hybrides, ce papier développe la coexistence de deux logiques institutionnelles et de leurs pratiques, fondées sur différentes rationalités et ce au sein d'une même organisation. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les deux logiques présentes dans une organisation religieuse à but non-lucratif, une association de scoutisme français. A travers des rapports annuels collectés de 1983 à 2013, de l'observation participante, des discussions avec les membres et les rapports de commissariat aux comptes, nous avons pu observer la coexistence de la logique d'accountability, basée sur une rationalité en finalité et une logique religieuse, basée sur une rationalité en valeur. Nous résultats tendent à montrer que les logiques arrivent à coexister et que les pratiques coexistent également, malgré des rationalités différentes. |
| Date: | 2015–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01188778&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses task performance fraud risk assessment and forensic accountant and auditor knowledge and mindset in the Nigerian public sector. The aim of the study is to examine the fraud risk assessment in the Nigerian public sector through the efficient utilisation of forensic accountant and auditor knowledge and mindset. The effect will enhance the corporate governance and accountability practices among public sector accountants and auditors in Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics; Accounting; Accountability; Forensic Accounting; Auditing; Assurance; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Investigation;Risk Assessment; Task Performance; Problem Representation; Skills; Mindset; Knowledge; Values; Ethics; Fraud Risk Assessment; Financial Criminology; Fraud; Fraud Related Problem Representation; Fraud Prevention; Fraud Detection; Fraud Response; Fraud Specialist; Auditor; Forensic Accountant; Fraud Examiner. |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66772&r=all |
| By: | Fabio Montobbio (Università di Torino (Italy), CRIOS – Università L. Bocconi, Milano (Italy)); Ilaria Solito (Laboratoire RITM, Université Paris Sud, Faculté Jean Monnet (France)) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at analyzing whether environmental management systems can spur innovation at firm level, by providing new empirical evidence on the relationship between EMAS (Eco Management and Audit Scheme) and patented innovation. In applying a Negative Binomial model with Fixed Effect, we estimate the number of granted patents using EMAS as key explanatory variable. The relationship between EMAS and innovation is studied by using an original panel database composed by 30439 European firms belonging to all sectors and size. Moreover, we use an original instrumental variable to control for potential endogeneity. The analysis reveals that EMAS is positively correlated with innovation at firm level, although the results vary across countries and sectors. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; Environmental management systems; Patents; Eco-Management and Audit Scheme |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1615&r=all |
| By: | Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson; Che-Ahmad, Ayoib; Samsudin, Rose Shamsiah |
| Abstract: | The PwC’s 2011 Global economic crime survey confirms the fact that loss due to economic crime in Malaysia is on the increase and requires immediate intervention. The Malaysian government vision 2020 to be a developed nation with the drive: “People first, performance now” [1] will require high level acquisition and adoption of technology as a business facilitator, new legislation, and increase in the activities of government offer new opportunities for fraud perpetrators and forensic accountants. In anticipation of these challenges, this paper discusses the need for a forensic accountant knowledge on task performance fraud risk assessment in the Malaysian public sector. It also creates awareness to stakeholders fighting fraud in the public sector to the understanding of fraud mechanism and how to deal with fraudsters. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between knowledge and fraud risk assessment task performance in the office of the Accountant general and Auditor general of Malaysia which has the potential to usher in the best global practices in fighting fraud in the Malaysian public sector. |
| Keywords: | Fraud Forensics; Accounting; Accountability; Forensic Accounting; Auditing; Assurance; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Investigation;Risk Assessment; Task Performance; Problem Representation; Skills; Mindset; Knowledge; Values; Ethics; Fraud Risk Assessment; Financial Criminology; Fraud; Fraud Related Problem Representation; Fraud Prevention; Fraud Detection; Fraud Response; Fraud Specialist; Auditor; Forensic Accountant; Fraud Examiner. |
| JEL: | M4 M40 M41 M42 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66680&r=all |
| By: | Emilie Dargaud (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - PRES Université de Lyon - CNRS); Armel Jacques (CEMOI - Centre d'Économie et de Management de l'Océan Indien - IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Université de la Réunion - Université de la Réunion) |
| Abstract: | When multi-product firms make simultaneous price-fixing agreements on different markets, they may wish to compartmentalize their agreements managing them with different individuals in order to avoid the contagion of antitrust authority investigations. Sometimes the leniency programs are effcient to defeat this strategy and to induce CEO to launch internal investigations and report the obtained hard evidence to the antitrust authority. However these programs may have pro-collusive effects for centralized firms. |
| Keywords: | Collusion, antitrust policy, leniency programs, multimarket contact, organizational form |
| Date: | 2015–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01199268&r=all |