|
on Accounting and Auditing |
| By: | L. Jiang (ESSEC Business School - ESSEC Business School); Anne Jeny-Cazavan (ESSEC Business School - ESSEC Business School); Sophie Audousset-coulier (Department of accounting - Concordia University) |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche analyse les effets de l'utilisation de diverses mesures de la spécialisation sectorielle des auditeurs. Les auditeurs spécialistes développent une expertise sectorielle spécifique qui leur permet d'offrir un audit de meilleure qualité. Ils obtiennent une réputation supérieure et peuvent ainsi facturer des honoraires plus élevés (prime de spécialisation). Sur un échantillon de 29 726 entreprises cotées américaines, nous avons calculé et comparé 35 mesures différentes de spécialisation sectorielle pour montrer que ces mesures différentes conduisent à des classifications non homogènes. Ce problème de classification représente une erreur de mesure significative car elle remet en question la validité du calcul des primes de spécialisation estimées dans les recherches antérieures. En effet, nous montrons que la significativité, le signe et l'amplitude de la prime de spécialisation dépend fortement de la mesure de spécialisation choisie. Notre analyse suggère que les mesures de spécialisation sectorielle des auditeurs employées dans la recherche empirique en audit ont une faible validité interne et externe. |
| Keywords: | spécialisation sectorielle, honoraires audit, validité de construit |
| Date: | 2013–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00962383&r=acc |
| By: | Stefan Lutz (Royal Docks Business School, University of East London) |
| Abstract: | Economic theory implies that research and development (R&D) efforts increase firm productivity and ultimately profits. In particular, R&D expenses lead to the development of intangible assets in the form of intellectual property (IP) and these assets command a return that increases overall profits of the firm. This hypothesis is investigated for the North American and European automotive supplier industries. Results indicate that R&D expenses in fact increase both intangible asset levels and their profit contributions. In particular, increases in the R&D expense to sales ratio lead to increases in the profit contribution of intangible assets relative to sales. This indicates that more R&D intensive IP should command higher royalty rates per sales when licensed to third parties and within multinational enterprises alike. |
| Keywords: | Productivity; Intellectual property; Royalties; MNE; Transfer pricing. |
| JEL: | D24 L20 L62 M21 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:doicae:1406&r=acc |
| By: | Fabrizio Patriarca; Claudio Sardoni |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the debate on income growth and distribution from a nonmainstream perspective. It looks, in particular, at the role that the degree of capacity utilization plays in the process of growth of an economy that is not perfectly competitive. The distinctive feature of the model presented in the paper is the hypothesis that the rate of capital depreciation is an increasing function of the degree of capacity utilization. This hypothesis implies analytical results that differ somewhat from those yielded by other Kaleckian models. Our model shows that, in a number of cases, the process of growth can be profit-led rather than wage-led. The model also determines the value to which the degree of capacity utilization converges in the long run. |
| Keywords: | Kaleckian Models of Growth; Capital Accumulation; Capital Depreciation; Income Distribution and Growth |
| JEL: | E12 E25 O40 |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_795&r=acc |
| By: | Ikhlas Hentati-Klila (FSEG - University of Sfax, Tunisia); Habib Affes (FSEG - University of Sfax, Tunisia) |
| Abstract: | L'objectif de cette recherche est de rendre compte au plus prés de la réalité des compétences éthiques des auditeurs Tunisiens dans le contexte post-révolution. Dans une première partie, nous allons mettre l'accent sur la récurrence des dilemmes éthiques auxquels les auditeurs ont à faire face à l'occasion de l'exercice de leur jugement. Ce dernier ne peut trouver son assise que dans une éthique irréprochable. Par définition, la capacité d'un auditeur à rendre des jugements éthiques est tributaire d'un type particulier de compétences à savoir la compétence éthique. Celle-ci a pu s'imposer comme une compétence clef au même titre que les autres compétences professionnelles requises dans le métier de l'auditeur. Dans la deuxième partie, nous allons proposer une approche d'évaluation des compétences éthiques des acteurs en mobilisant à cette fin la théorie du développement moral cognitif de Kolhberg(1969). Les résultats ont montré que les auditeurs Tunisiens ont des niveaux hétérogènes decompétences éthiques qui varient en fonction de la nature du diplôme obtenu. En plus, l'enseignement à l'éthique ainsi que le développement des méthodes pédagogiques pour sensibiliser les futurs auditeurs sur les dilemmes éthiques semblent être des facteurs déterminants pour l'acquisition d'une telle compétence. Par contre, l'instauration d'un climat éthique au sein du cabinet n'a aucune influence sur la dite compétence. |
| Keywords: | ompétences éthiques, Asymétrie, auditeurs Tunisiens, Contexte Tunisien post- révolution. |
| Date: | 2013–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00962396&r=acc |
| By: | Masayoshi Noguchi (Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration (RIEB), Kobe University, Japan); Yasuhiro Shimizu (Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe University); Tsunehiko Nakamura (Faculty of Business Administration, Momoyama Gukuin University) |
| Abstract: | The study, which makes extensive use of official Holding Company Liquidation Commission (HCLC) documents possessed by the National Archives of Japan, examines accounting practices adopted by three Japanese mining corporations in their dissolution in the immediate postwar period from 1946 to 1950. The study finds that (1) the conventional accounting practices adopted by the zaibatsu companies were adequate to enable them to implement their own dissolution and that (2) forecast balance sheets prepared by the companies, produced after the HCLC decided to split them up, provided an important basis for the development of the postwar corporate accounting system. This was because they supplied a practical precedent, in which features of the new system materialized before it was formally instituted, as the forecast balance sheets make use of provisions in the 'Instruction for the Preparation of Financial Statements of Manufacturing and Trading Companies', issued by the General Headquarters (GHQ) in July 1947. The study's results contribute to the literature on the quality of accounting information provided by the Japanese zaibatsu organizations. Early research generally assessed the financial statements submitted to the HCLC as having many defects, while more recent research indicates that the accounting practices adopted by these companies were not deficient in their own domestic environment. Since neither assertion is founded on empirical data, the examination conducted in this study provides important evidence to support the latter view. |
| Keywords: | Holding Company Liquidation Commission, Zaibatsu, Dissolution, Excessive concentration of economic power, Mining corporations, Coal, Metal |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kob:dpaper:dp2014-15&r=acc |
| By: | Abbiati, Lorenzo; Antinyan, Armenak; Corazzini, Luca |
| Abstract: | We report results from a survey experiment aimed at testing whether providing information on the national public expenditure to the taxpayers and whether involving them in the process of allocating tax revenues over public goods influence the level of the adequate tax rate - the fraction of income that individuals consider adequate to pay as taxes. We find that providing information on public expenditure does not influence the level of the adequate tax rate. On the contrary, the level of the adequate tax rate substantially increases when taxpayers can get to choose the public goods to finance through their taxation. -- |
| Keywords: | Tax Choice,Adequate Tax Rate,Survey Experiment |
| JEL: | H24 H50 D31 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwqwdp:022014&r=acc |
| By: | Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher |
| Abstract: | Jurisdictions that engage in inter-regional tax competition usually try to attenuate competitive pressures by substituting salient tax instruments with hidden ones. On this effect, we investigate the efficiency consequences of inter-regional tax competition and fiscal equalization in a federal system when taxpayers fail to optimally react on shrouded attributes of local tax policy. If the statuary tax rate is a relatively salient instrument and taxpayers pay low attention to the quality and the frequency of tax enforcement, the underlying substitution of tax instruments with the aim of reducing the perceived tax price may suppress the under-exploitation of tax bases that is typically triggered by fiscal equalization. |
| Keywords: | fiscal equalization, tax salience, tax competition, fiscal federalism, tax-cut-cum-base-broadening policy |
| JEL: | H77 H22 H30 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwh:dispap:3-14&r=acc |
| By: | Mertens, Oliver; Diederichs, Stefan; Meyer, Melanie |
| Abstract: | Für Unternehmen des produzierenden Gewerbes sind die Energiepreise bzw. deren Steigerung ein wesentlicher Grund, sich mit Effizienzsteigerungen auseinanderzusetzen. Naturgemäß können Kosteneinsparungen durch eine direkte Verminderung des Verbrauches erzielt werden. Daneben können Unternehmen die Höhe der gezahlten Ökosteuer reduzieren, wenn sie sich im Rahmen der Einführung eines Energiemanagementsystems strategisch mit dem Thema Energieeffizienz auseinandersetzen. Anerkannt sind Energiemanagementsysteme nach DIN EN ISO 50001:2012 und das Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) können auf Grund der hohen Einführungs- und Unterhaltungskosten der oben genannten Mana-gementsysteme auch weniger komplexe alternative Systeme nach Spitzenausgleich-Effizienzverordnung (SpaEfV) einführen. Bei Beantragung der Steuerrückerstattung können dann bis zu 70 % der zu zahlenden Steuer eingespart werden. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird zunächst genauer auf die Gesetze und Verordnungen sowie die Anforderungen der Energiemanagementsysteme an die Unternehmen eingegangen, die bei der Beantragung der Steuererstattung beachtet werden müssen. Im Anschluss werden die wesentlichen Parameter beschrieben, die einen Einfluss auf die tatsächliche Höhe der Rückerstattung haben. Zudem werden beispielhaft die potentiellen Rückerstattungen für verschiedene Unternehmensgrößen der Sägeindustrie berechnet. Dabei werden einige Annahmen getroffen, deren Auswirkungen auf die Höhe des Spitzenausgleichs einer Sensitivitätsanalyse unterzogen werden. Insgesamt zeichnet sich ab, dass für die Höhe der Steuerrückerstattung in der Holzindustrie der Stromverbrauch eine wesentliche Rolle spielt und alle anderen bei der Berechnung der Rückerstattung zu beachtenden Faktoren - insbesondere für größere Unternehmen - von nur untergeordneter Bedeutung sind. Bezogen auf die Schnittholzproduktion liegen die möglichen Rückerstattungen bei etwa 1€ je m3. -- For industry members energy prices are a major reason to deal with energy efficiency issues. Naturally, cost reduction can be achieved by direct reduction of energy consumption. Besides this, enterprises can reduce the amount of the German eco-tax to be paid, if they deal with the issue of energy efficiency on a strategic level by implementing energy management systems. Accepted energy management systems are those in accordance with ISO 50001:2012 and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Small and medium sized enterprises are also allowed to implement alternative systems according to Spitzenausgleich-Effizienzverordnung (SpaEfV). As a consequence, up to 70 % of the eco-tax can be saved if companies request a refund. The report in hand is initially describing the relevant laws and regulations as well as the demands an energy management system has to meet, in order to allow the enterprise to get the tax refund. Subsequently the essential parameters are described, which have an influence on the amount of eco-tax refund. In addition, the potential refunds will be calculated for different sizes of enterprises of the sawmill industry as an example. The assumptions made in this context will be analysed in a sensitivity analysis. Altogether it becomes apparent, that the amount of electricity consumed is the essential parameter for the amount of tax refund. All other parameters - particularly for large enterprises - are of minor importance. Based on the production of timber, the potential refunds are about 1€ per m3. |
| Keywords: | Energieeffizienz,Energiemanagement,Sägewerksindustrie,Stromsteuer,Energy efficiency,energy management,sawmill industry,electricity tax,Energiewende,Erneuerbare Energie,regionale Verteilungswirkungen der Energiewende,Wertschöpfungseffekte erneuerbarer Energien,Energy transformation,renevable energies,regional distribution effects of the energy transformation,value creation effects of renewable energies |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:18&r=acc |
| By: | Christian Calmès (Chaire d'information financière et organisationnelle ESG-UQAM, Laboratory for Research in Statistics and Probability, Université du Québec (Outaouais)); Raymond Théoret (Chaire d'information financière et organisationnelle ESG-UQAM, Université du Québec (Montréal), Université du Québec (Outaouais)); François-Éric Racicot (Chaire d'information financière et organisationnelle ESG-UQAM, Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa) |
| Abstract: | Since the subprime crisis, securitization by financial institutions has been threatened, both in the U.S. and in Canada. In the U.S., private financial institutions have almost completely stopped their securitization activities. In Canada, the asset-backet commercial paper market is moribund and the new accounting rules (IFRS) hamper the future of residential mortgage securitization. Nevertheless, in spite of obvious weaknesses, securitization contributes to decrease the procyclicality of credit. Public measures must thus be taken to revive these markets. |
| Keywords: | Securitization; Asset-backed commercial paper; Banks; Disintermediation; Procyclicality; IFRS. |
| JEL: | G20 G21 |
| Date: | 2014–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pqs:wpaper:032014&r=acc |
| By: | John M. Nunley; Adam Pugh; Nicholas Romero; Richard Alan Seals, Jr. |
| Abstract: | We conduct a résumé audit to estimate the impact of unemployment and underemployment on the employment prospects facing recent college graduates. We find no evidence that employers use current or past unemployment spells, regardless of their length, to inform hiring decisions. By contrast, college graduates who became underemployed after graduation receive about 15-30 percent fewer interview requests than job seekers who became “adequately” employed after graduation. Internship experience obtained while completing one's degree reduces the negative effects of underemployment substantially. |
| Keywords: | College Major; Underemployment; Unemployment; Duration Dependence; Employment Opportunities; Internships; Labor Demand; Field Experiments; Correspondence Studies |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J64 J70 |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abn:wpaper:auwp2014-04&r=acc |
| By: | John M. Nunley; Adam Pugh; Nicholas Romero; Richard Alan Seals, Jr. |
| Abstract: | We use experimental data from a résumé-audit study to estimate the impact of particular college majors and internship experience on employment opportunities. Our experimental design relies on the randomization of résumé characteristics to identify the causal effects of these attributes on job opportunities. Despite applying exclusively to business-related job openings, we find no evidence that business degrees improve employment prospects. Furthermore, we find no evidence linking particular degrees to interview-request rates. By contrast, internship experience increases the interview-request rate by about 14 percent. In addition, the “returns” to internship experience are larger for non-business majors than for business majors. |
| Keywords: | College Major; Internship; Employment; Field Experiments; Correspondence Studies; Résumé Audit |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J60 |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abn:wpaper:auwp2014-03&r=acc |