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on Accounting and Auditing |
| By: | Kerstin Schneider (Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Germany); Claudia Wesselbaum-Neugebauer (Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Germany) |
| Abstract: | The German corporate tax reform of 2008 has brought significant changes for determining the tax base of the trade tax. The paper simulates the new rules and shows how the tax burden is affected. Simulation is based on representative cost data of the manufacturing sector in 2006. The results show that the goals of the corporate tax reform are missed. The total tax burden for incorporated enterprises exceeds 30 % because of the new add-back regulations and is now even slightly progressive in employment. Taxation in case of losses has become more prevalent, regardless of the legal form. In particular in the scenario of an economic crisis, the new regulations are problematic for the firms and trade tax revenue neither increases, nor is it a less volatile source of tax revenue for the communities. |
| Keywords: | taxation, microsimulation, tax reform, trade trax |
| JEL: | H25 H71 K34 C15 |
| Date: | 2010–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:schdps:sdp10008&r=acc |
| By: | Zhen Miao; John C. Beghin; Helen H. Jensen (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD); Midwest Agribusiness Trade Research and Information Center (MATRIC)) |
| Abstract: | In order to reduce obesity and associated costs, policymakers are considering various policies, including taxes, to change consumers' high-calorie consumption habits. We investigate two tax policies aimed at reducing added sweetener consumption. Both a consumption tax on sweet goods and a sweetener input tax can reach the same policy target of reducing added sweetener consumption. Both tax instruments are regressive, but the associated surplus losses are limited. The tax on sweetener inputs targets sweeteners directly and causes about five times less surplus loss than the final consumption tax. Previous analyses have overlooked this important point. |
| Keywords: | added sweeteners, consumption tax, demand, health policy, soda tax, sugar. |
| Date: | 2010–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:fpaper:10-wp510&r=acc |
| By: | Koskela, Erkki (University of Helsinki) |
| Abstract: | It is analyzed the impacts of outsourcing cost and wage tax progression under labor market imperfections with Nash wage bargaining and flexible outsourcing. With sufficiently strong (weak) labor market imperfection, lower outsourcing cost has a wage-moderating (wage-increasing) effect so that there is a negative (positive) effect on equilibrium unemployment. Higher tax progression, to keep the relative tax burden per worker constant, has a wage moderating and a positive effect on employment and negative effect on outsourcing. |
| Keywords: | Nash wage bargaining, outsourcing, labor tax reform |
| JEL: | H22 J41 J51 |
| Date: | 2010–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp5097&r=acc |
| By: | Sami Alpanda (Amherst College); Uluc Aysun (University of Connecticut) |
| Abstract: | The literature typically finds that the development of financial markets has decreased the ability of central banks to affect the real economy. This paper shows that this negative relationship does not hold for the balance sheet channel of monetary transmission and bank globalization -- one aspect of financial development. The reason is that global banks are more sensitive to borrowers' leverage. By affecting this leverage, monetary policy has a larger impact on global banks' lending and aggregate economic activity. We use bank-level, Call Report data to obtain this disparity between more and less global banks. We then use this data in the estimation of a general equilibrium model and find that the balance sheet channel of monetary policy operates mainly through more global banks. |
| Keywords: | balance sheet channel, bank globalization, financial accelerator |
| JEL: | E44 F31 F41 O16 |
| Date: | 2010–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:uconnp:2010-20&r=acc |