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on Small Business Management |
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Issue of 2017‒05‒28
eight papers chosen by João Carlos Correia Leitão Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Andersson, Martin (Blekinge Institute of Technology); Larsson, Johan P. (Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum); Wernberg, Joakim (CIRCLE) |
| Abstract: | As cities increasingly become centers of economic growth and innovation, there is a need to understand their inner workings and organization in greater detail. We use ge-coded firm-level panel data at the sub-city level to assess the long-standing question whether agglomeration economies derive from specialization (within-industry) or diversity (between-industry). We show that these two types of externalities co-exist, but differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities. There are robust positive effects of diversity and specialization on firms’ TFP growth at the local within-city neighborhood level, especially for firms in high-tech and knowledge-intensive activities. While specialization effects are bound to the local sub-city level, we demonstrate a positive effect of overall diversity also at the city-wide level. The results resonate with the idea that urban economies provide a mix of industrial diversity and specialisation. A location in a within-city industry cluster in a diversified, large city appears to let firms enjoy the benefits of local industry-specific externalities, while reaping the general city-wide benefits of a diversified city. |
| Keywords: | Productivity; Diversity; Specialization; Externalities; Knowledge spillovers; Attenuation; Agglomeration economies; Geocoding |
| JEL: | D24 L23 R12 |
| Date: | 2017–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1167&r=sbm |
| By: | Masatoshi Kato (School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University); Koichiro Onishi (Faculty of Intellectual Property, Osaka Institute of Technology); Yuji Honjo (Faculty of Commerce, Chuo University) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the role of patenting activities in new-firm survival, using a data set of firms founded from 2003 to 2010 in the Japanese manufacturing and software sectors. In particular, we distinguish the effects of patenting activities of chief executive officers (CEOs) from those of patenting activities of firms, taking into account exit routes: bankruptcy, voluntary liquidation, and merger. It is found that firms that engaged in patenting activities after start-up are less likely to go bankrupt. It is also found that firms whose CEOs have experience in patenting activities before start-up are less likely to go bankrupt. In contrast, we provide evidence that CEOs' involvement in patenting activities after start-up are not helpful for survival. Furthermore, the results based on subsamples according to firm age show that while firms' patenting activities do not increase the probability of survival in the early years since start-up, they help new firms surviving after a certain period of time since start-up. While CEOs' pre-entry patenting activities have a significant explanatory power in reducing the probability of bankruptcy within a certain period of time since start-up, they have no longer significant effect afterwards. Further, CEOs' patenting activities after start-up increase the probability of exit through bankruptcy and voluntary liquidation especially after a certain period of time since start-up. |
| Keywords: | New firm, patenting, chief executive officer, survival, firm age |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kgu:wpaper:159&r=sbm |
| By: | M. Grazzi; C. Piccardo; C. Vergari |
| Abstract: | This paper illustrates the building procedure of a firm-level panel dataset that merges several sources of information concerning the various activities of business firms. The aim of this work is to achieve a detailed dataset able to shed light on firm demographics, in terms of survival, entry and exit processes, distinguishing between “voluntary" and “involuntary" exits. Moreover, the derived dataset allows to monitor the innovation activities of the firms and also to capture complementarities between two instruments of intellectual property rights (IPRs), namely granted patents and registered trademarks. We assess the validity of the proposed procedures resorting to the virtual universe of Italian limited liability companies as provided by Bureau van Dijk (BvD). The dataset covers more than 1 million companies operating in both manufacturing and service sectors and contain financial and economic information, as well as, among the others, the ownership structure and administrative procedures undergone by the firms, which may lead to firm exit. The main purpose of the paper is to provide a unified set of procedures to help the researcher dealing with the vast amount of information available on corporate firms and of ever increasing size. This will also facilitate the replication of empirical analyses, across researchers working on dataset with similar characteristics, although from different countries or data providers. |
| JEL: | C81 L60 L80 O14 O34 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp2003&r=sbm |
| By: | KOUADIO, Hugues |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a nonparametric analysis of the performance of companies in Côte d’Ivoire. The study focuses, initially, on the determination of technical efficiency scores using the Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA), and econometric modeling the type tobit to determine the factors associated with technical efficiency companies. Our results do not support the conclusion of the technical efficiency of enterprises. Only 12 companies of 727 or 1.67% of our sample companies have reached their production frontier. Among the explanations of business productivity business characteristics (size, nature of business), financial factors (debt burden) and environmental factors (labor movement, strikes and social unrest) predict the level of productivity of firms. |
| Keywords: | Enterprize; Productivity; performance; DEA; nonparametric |
| JEL: | D22 O12 O17 |
| Date: | 2016–02–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:69936&r=sbm |
| By: | Marc Raffinot (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Université Paris-Dauphine); Baptiste Venet (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | LICs have no access to international financial markets. Since the nineties, LICs have been granted debt relief by bilateral creditors andby international financing institutions, namely from 1996 on underHighly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and from 2005 onunder Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). Did those debt relief initiatives send a negative message to the lenders, deterring themto lend to the LICs? For assessing this we use the concessionality rate of new financing flows as a measurement of the “distance to the market” and assess the impact of debt relief on the concessionality rate implementing a Granger causality tests using panel data, a methodology perfected by Hurlin (2004, 2005) and Hurlin and Venet (2004).We show that countries with high concessionality resources are morelikely to get debt relief, but that debt relief does not "cause" higher concessionality. |
| Keywords: | Access to the market,Low Income countries,Causality in panels,Debt relief |
| Date: | 2017–03–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01489954&r=sbm |
| By: | Philippe Lefebvre (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Alors que les dynamiques territoriales d’agglomération des activités et d’innovation sont : 1) souvent abordées comme des dynamiques spontanées, qui relèvent de différences de ressources entre territoires (nouvelle économie géographique) ou de dynamiques endogènes propres à un territoire et à son histoire (économie géographique institutionnelle, économie géographique évolutionniste, école des proximités) ; 2° parfois abordées comme des dynamiques résultant d’initiatives délibérées mais venant toujours du territoire lui-même et de ses acteurs (toujours dans une logique d’endo-genèse territoriale), - nous proposons ici d’examiner le cas où des cadres institutionnels exogènes au territoire tentent de s’imposer à lui, d’intensifier ou de ré-orienter les dynamiques territoriales à l’œuvre. Quoique peu étudié comme tel, ce cas de figure est déjà très répandu (politiques publiques de clusters, par exemple) et ne cesse de gagner en importance (notamment à travers les politiques publiques territoriales énoncées par des autorités supra-territoriales). L’article étudie le cas des stratégies régionales d’innovation en France, des stratégies dont les règles d’élaboration et de formulation sont imposées depuis 2000 par la Commission européenne à toutes les régions européennes qui veulent pouvoir bénéficier, au titre de l’innovation, des très importants financements du FEDER". Partant de ce cas, il s'efforce d'apporter des éléments de réponse à quatre des grandes questions qui se posent dans les rapports entre dynamiques territoriales endogènes et cadrages institutionnels exogènes au territoire : 1. Les cadrages institutionnels exogènes sont-ils porteurs de représentations, implicites ou explicites, des dynamiques territoriales actuelles ou des dynamiques territoriales visées et souhaitables à terme ? Sont-ils contraignants ou respectueux des dynamiques territoriales existantes ? 2. Comment les territoires, avec leurs dynamiques endogènes, intègrent-ils ces règles ou y réagissent ? Rétroagissent-ils sur la conception des règles qui tentent de s’imposer à eux de l’extérieur ? Parviennent-ils à infléchir ces règles dans le sens d’une plus grande prise en compte de leurs dynamiques propres ? 3. Comment ces cadrages institutionnels, exogènes aux territoires et conçus pour s’imposer à plusieurs territoires à la fois, sont-ils conçus par les autorités supra-territoriales agissantes ? 4. Enfin, quels impacts – qualitatifs (en terme d’orientations) ou quantitatifs (en terme d’importance relative) – ont ces cadrages institutionnels sur les dynamiques territoriales (y compris les dynamiques endogènes) ? |
| Keywords: | innovation, smart specialization strategies, Régions, Europe, H2020, institutions, policy process |
| Date: | 2017–03–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01494814&r=sbm |
| By: | Hervé Charmettant (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Olivier Boissin (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Jean-Yves Juban (CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nathalie Magne (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Etienne] - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yvan Renou (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | This report is the third one we publish on the research object that brings together the researchers of the "Scop Project" team, namely, these particular companies that are Scop and Scic. We present here the results of two research programs carried out in recent years: One, Transfo-Coop, concerned the Scop study resulting from the transformation into Scop of classical enterprises or associations; The other, Dyna-Coop, aimed to account for the contributions of Scop and Scic to territorial dynamics. We gather them here, considering them as two modalities of the "powers of transformation" of these enterprises on the economic and social reality. |
| Abstract: | Ce rapport est le troisième que nous publions sur l’objet de recherche qui rassemble les chercheurs de l'équipe "Projet Scop", à savoir, ces entreprises particulières que sont les Scop et Scic. Nous présentons ici les résultats de deux programmes de recherche menés ces dernières années : l’un, Transfo-Coop, portait sur l’étude des Scop résultant de la transformation en Scop d’entreprises classiques ou d’associations ; l’autre, Dyna-Coop, visait à rendre compte des apports des Scop et des Scic aux dynamiques territoriales. Nous les rassemblons ici en les envisageant comme deux modalités des « pouvoirs de transformation » de ces entreprises sur la réalité économique et sociale. |
| Keywords: | Labor Managed Firm, cooperative transformation, territorial development,Scop,Scic,développement territorial,transformation coopérative,reprise d'entreprise par les salariés (RES) |
| Date: | 2017–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01512613&r=sbm |
| By: | Kurakova, Nataliya (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Zinov, Vladimir (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Tsvetkova, Liliya (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Yeremchenko, Olga (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Kupriyanova, Olga (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the features of creating project consortiums as a new organizational and managerial form of conquering niches in the global markets for science-intensive goods and services. The foreign experience and approaches of some countries (USA, China, Finland, Germany) to the creation of project consortiums have been studied, the theoretical preconditions for their formation have been examined, and the main characteristics of this form of capture of international high-tech markets are shown. Based on the example of genetic reprogramming technologies, a practical model for accelerating the life cycle of innovation is shown. The article carries out a comparative analysis of the development of this scientific and technological direction in the industrial-developed countries and Russia. It was suggested that there may be a need for a revision of the domestic approach to the formation of project consortium based on Selection of centers of excellence |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:041701&r=sbm |