nep-sbm New Economics Papers
on Small Business Management
Issue of 2012‒12‒22
five papers chosen by
Joao Carlos Correia Leitao
University of Beira Interior and Technical University of Lisbon

  1. Is Innovative Firm Behavior Correlated with Age and Gender Composition of the Workforce? Evidence from a New Type of Data for German Enterprises By Pfeifer, Christian; Wagner, Joachim
  2. ICT spillovers, absorptive capacity and productivity performance By Ana Rincon; Michela VECCHI; Francesco VENTURINI
  3. Unleashing Business Innovation in Canada By Alexandra Bibbee
  4. Tax incentives and direct support for R&D: What do firms use and why? By Isabel Busom Piquer; Beatriz Corchuelo; Ester Martinez Ros
  5. Offshoring of Research & Development in the US Semiconductor Industry – A Survey of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises By Michael Gusenbauer

  1. By: Pfeifer, Christian (Leuphana University Lüneburg); Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lüneburg)
    Abstract: This empirical research note documents the relationship between composition of a firm's workforce (with a special focus on age and gender) and its performance with respect to innovative activities (outlays and employment in research and development (R&D)) for a large representative sample of enterprises from manufacturing industries in Germany using unique newly available data. We find that firms with a higher share of older workers have significantly lower proportions of R&D outlays in total revenues and of R&D employment in total employment, whereas firms with a higher share of female employment seem to be more active in R&D.
    Keywords: ageing, firm performance, gender, Germany, innovation, R&D
    JEL: D22 D24 J21 J24 L25
    Date: 2012–11
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7050&r=sbm
  2. By: Ana Rincon; Michela VECCHI; Francesco VENTURINI
    Abstract: We analyse the impact of ICT spillovers on productivity in the uptake of the new technology using company data for the U.S. We account for inter- and intra-industry spillovers and assess the role played by firm’s absorptive capacity. Our results show that intra-industry ICT spillovers have a contemporaneous negative effect that turns positive 5 years after the initial investment. By contrast, inter-industry spillovers are important both in the short and in the long run. In the short run, companies’ innovative effort is complementary to ICT spillovers, but such complementarity disappears with the more pervasive adoption and diffusion of the technology.
    JEL: D22 D24 D62 O33
    Date: 2012–08–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pia:wpaper:103/2012&r=sbm
  3. By: Alexandra Bibbee
    Abstract: This paper discusses how to improve Canada’s business innovation in order to boost labour productivity and output growth. Many general framework conditions are highly favourable to business risk-taking and innovation, including macro stability, openness, strong human capital, low corporate tax rates, low barriers to firm entry and flexible labour markets. However, they can be improved further by reduced external and interprovincial barriers in network and professional service sectors, more efficient capital markets, fewer capital tax distortions and improved patent protection. A second focus should be on ensuring that incentives arising from government subsidies are targeted on actual market failures. The very high level of support to business R&D via the federal Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax credit and provincial top-ups may affect the incentives of small firms to grow and should be redesigned. A plethora of small, fragmented granting programmes, mainly geared to SMEs, should be streamlined for better government-business collaboration. The large public share in venture capital should be wound down, as it may crowd out more productive private finance. A final focus should be on boosting manager and worker skills that are intrinsic to all forms of innovation, by filling gaps in training, mentoring and education. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Review of Canada (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Canada).<P>Libérer l'innovation des entreprises au Canada<BR>Cette étude se penche sur la manière de renforcer l’innovation dans les entreprises canadiennes afin de stimuler la productivité de la main-d’oeuvre et la croissance de la production. De nombreuses conditions-cadres canadiennes sont très propices à la prise de risques et à l’innovation dans les entreprises : stabilité macroéconomique, ouverture sur l’extérieur, solidité du capital humain, faible imposition des bénéfices des sociétés, rareté des obstacles à l’entrée des entreprises sur le marché, flexibilité des marchés du travail. Ces conditions-cadres peuvent toutefois s’améliorer encore grâce à une diminution des barrières extérieures et interprovinciales dans les secteurs des réseaux et des services professionnels, à une plus grande efficience des marchés financiers, à de moindres distorsions de l’imposition du capital et à une meilleure protection des brevets. Un deuxième axe pourrait consister à s’assurer que les incitations découlant des subventions de la puissance publique ciblent bien les carences effectives du marché. Il se peut que le très fort soutien à la R-D des entreprises représenté par le crédit d’impôt fédéral pour la RS&DE (recherche scientifique et développement expérimental) et par ses compléments provinciaux entame le désir de croissance des petites entreprises ; peut-être donc faudrait-il redessiner ces aides. La kyrielle de petits programmes fragmentaires de subventionnement visant principalement les PME devrait être rationalisée pour améliorer la coopération entre le milieu universitaire et le monde de l’entreprise. Il faudrait réduire la trop grande place des fonds publics dans le capital-risque, car il se peut qu’elle évince des financements privés plus productifs. Un dernier axe devrait, par des actions cherchant à combler les lacunes de formation, de tutorat et d’enseignement, privilégier la stimulation des compétences de l’encadrement et du personnel qui s’appliquent à toutes les formes d’innovation. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE du Canada 2012 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/Canada).
    Keywords: productivity, venture capital, competition, innovation, vouchers, subsidies, research and development, business taxes, intellectual property rights, multifactor productivity, entrepreneurship, patents, technology transfer, intangibles, angel investing, R&D tax credits, academic research grants, productivité, capital-risque, innovation, concurrence, subvention, productivité multifactorielle, entrepreneuriat, brevets, transfert de technologie, impôt sur les sociétés, recherche et développement, biens immatériels, tutorat-investissement, crédits d’impôt pour la R-D, subventions pour la recherche universitaire, bons, droits de propriété intellectuelle
    JEL: H25 I23 O31 O32 O34 O38
    Date: 2012–10–29
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:997-en&r=sbm
  4. By: Isabel Busom Piquer (Departament d'Economia Aplicada, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona); Beatriz Corchuelo (Deparment of Economy, University of Extremadura); Ester Martinez Ros (Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and UNU-MERIT)
    Abstract: This paper studies whether firms’ use of R&D subsidies and R&D tax incentives is correlated to two sources of underinvestment in R&D, financing constraints and appropriability. We find that financially constrained SMEs are less likely to use R&D tax credits and more likely to obtain subsidies. SMEs using legal methods to protect their intellectual property are more likely to use tax incentives. Results are ambiguous for large firms. For both having previous experience in R&D increases the likelihood of using tax incentives, while it reduces the likelihood of using exclusively subsidies, suggesting that the latter induce entry into R&D. Results imply that direct funding and tax credits do not have the same ability to address each source of R&D underinvestment, and that on average subsidies may be better suited than tax credits at least for SMEs. From a policy perspective these tools may be complements rather than substitutes.
    Keywords: R&D, tax incentives, subsidies, policy mix
    JEL: H25 L60 O31
    Date: 2012–12
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea1212&r=sbm
  5. By: Michael Gusenbauer
    Date: 2012–09–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwneu:neurusp153&r=sbm

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