nep-iue New Economics Papers
on Informal and Underground Economics
Issue of 2024‒01‒22
three papers chosen by
Catalina Granda Carvajal, Banco de la República


  1. Nudging for Prompt Tax Penalty Payment: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia By Eko Arief Yogama; Daniel J. Gray; Matthew D. Rablen
  2. A Real-Business-Cycle Model with an Informal Sector - Lessons for Bulgaria (1999-2018) By Aleksandar Vasilev
  3. Minimum Wage and Macroeconomic Adjustment: Insights from a Small Open, Emerging, Economy with Formal and Informal Labor By Oscar Iván Ávila-Montealegre; Anderson Grajales-Olarte; Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro; Mario A. Ramos-Veloza

  1. By: Eko Arief Yogama; Daniel J. Gray; Matthew D. Rablen
    Abstract: We conducted a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia to evaluate the effect of three intervention letters on tax penalty compliance behaviour. Over 10, 000 individual taxpayers are randomly assigned to receive either a deterrence, information, or simplification letter, or no letter. Our results indicate that simplification, which makes paying a penalty less burdensome administratively by providing billing codes to pay the penalties, yields the highest probability of timely settlement, increasing compliance by 32 per cent compared to the control group. Deterrence also positively impacts penalty compliance, increasing timely settlement rates by 27 per cent. The least effective intervention is the information letter. Although associated with a 12 per cent increase in tax compliance, this effect is only statistically significant at the 10 per cent confidence level. Our results suggest that strategic messaging by tax authorities in developing countries can be a cost-effective tool for improving tax penalty payment compliance.
    Keywords: tax penalties, tax compliance, RCT, simplification, deterrence, information, Indonesia
    JEL: C93 D91 H26 Z18
    Date: 2023
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10836&r=iue
  2. By: Aleksandar Vasilev (Lincoln International Business School, UK)
    Abstract: We introduce an informal sector into a real-business-cycle setup augmented with a detailed government sector. We calibrate the model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999-2016). We investigate the quantitative importance of the presence of a grey economy for the cyclical fluctuations in Bulgaria. We find that incorporating an informal sector improves the model fit against data, as compared to the standard RBC model, and thus this sector is an important ingredient that needs to be considered by researchers interested in business cycle-, or public finance issues.
    Keywords: business cycles, informal sector, Bulgaria
    JEL: E24 E32
    Date: 2024–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sko:wpaper:bep-2024-01&r=iue
  3. By: Oscar Iván Ávila-Montealegre; Anderson Grajales-Olarte; Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro; Mario A. Ramos-Veloza
    Abstract: We examine the adjustment of a small, open, emerging market economy (SOEME) to an unexpected increase in the minimum wage using an extended New-Keynesian SOE model that incorporates heterogeneous households, a flexible production structure, and a minimum wage rule. We calibrate the model for Colombia and find that an unexpected increase in the minimum wage has significant effects on the low-skilled labor market, and weaker impacts on inflation and the policy interest rate. The rise in the minimum wage increases production costs and prompts the substitution of formal low-skilled labor with informal workers and machinery, resulting in reduced output, increased inflation, and higher policy interest rates. We also observe that the minimum wage influences the transmission of productivity, demand, and monetary shocks, leading to a more persistent impact on macroeconomic variables, and a less efficient monetary policy to control inflation. Our findings suggest that the minimum wage has important macroeconomic implications, and affects emerging market economies through different channels than in developed economies. **** RESUMEN: En este artículo estudiamos el ajuste macroeconómico de una economía emergente pequeña y abierta ante un cambio inesperado en el salario mínimo. Para ello, construimos un modelo neo-keynesiano de economía pequeña y abierta con hogares heterogéneos, una estructura de producción con distintos tipos de trabajo y de capital, y una regla de ajuste del salario mínimo que responde a la inflación y productividad laboral pasadas, así como a choques inesperados. Tras calibrar el modelo para Colombia encontramos que un aumento inesperado del salario mínimo tiene efectos significativos sobre la producción y el empleo, y efectos moderados sobre la inflación y la tasa de política monetaria. En particular, observamos que el choque incrementa los costos de contratar mano de obra formal no calificada, la cual es sustituida por trabajadores informales y maquinaria. A pesar de esta sustitución, los mayores costos generan una contracción de la actividad económica, acompañada por un incremento en la inflación y en la tasa de política monetaria. Por otra parte, encontramos que la existencia de una regla de ajuste del salario mínimo afecta la transmisión de choques convencionales (productividad, demanda y política monetaria), aumentando su persistencia y reduciendo la efectividad de la política monetaria. Estos resultados son relevantes para economías emergentes en las que la política de salario mínimo tiene una mayor incidencia en el mercado laboral.
    Keywords: modelo de equilibrio general dinamico y estocástico, salario mínimo, mercado laboral informal, política monetaria, agentes heterogeneos, DSGE model, minimum wage, informal labor markets, monetary policy, heterogeneous agents
    JEL: E13 E50 J31 J46
    Date: 2023–12
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1264&r=iue

This nep-iue issue is ©2024 by Catalina Granda Carvajal. It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose. If distributed in part, please include this notice.
General information on the NEP project can be found at https://nep.repec.org. For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at <director@nep.repec.org>. Put “NEP” in the subject, otherwise your mail may be rejected.
NEP’s infrastructure is sponsored by the School of Economics and Finance of Massey University in New Zealand.