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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2018‒02‒19
five papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | Biasi, Barbara; Moser, Petra |
| Abstract: | Copyrights for books, news, and other types of media are a critical mechanism to encourage creativity and innovation. Yet economic analyses continue to be rare, partly due to a lack of experimental variation in modern copyright laws. This paper exploits a change in copyright laws as a result of World War II to examine the effects of copyrights on science. In 1943, the US Book Republication Program (BRP) granted US publishers temporary licenses to republish the exact content of German-owned science books. Using new data on citations, we find that this program triggered a large increase in citations to German-owned science books. This increase was driven by a significant reduction in access costs: Each 10 percent decline in the price of BRP book was associated with a 43 percent increase in citations. To investigate the mechanism by which lower book prices influence science, we collect data on library holdings across the United States. We find that lower prices helped to distribute BRP books across US libraries, including less affluent institutions. Analyses of the locations of citing authors further indicate that citations increased most for locations that gained access to BRP books. Results are confirmed by two alternative measures of scientific output: new PhDs and US patents that use knowledge in BRP books. |
| Keywords: | Copyright; media; Science; World War II |
| JEL: | L82 N42 O34 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12651&r=ipr |
| By: | Luis F. Samper; Daniele Giovannucci; Luciana Marques Vieira |
| Abstract: | The paper describes: a) the coffee industry and its GVC structure; b) the role that intangible assets play in value creation from both the supply and demand perspective; and c) the current and potential role of intellectual property tools in creating and retaining value, as well as providing economic upgrade options. |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wip:wpaper:39&r=ipr |
| By: | Francesco Pasimeni (European Commission, JRC , Directorate C7, Knowledge for Energy Union, PO Box 2, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands; SPRU, University of Sussex, UK); Alessandro Fiorini (European Commission, JRC , Directorate C7, Knowledge for Energy Union, PO Box 2, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands); Aliki Georgakaki (European Commission, JRC , Directorate C7, Knowledge for Energy Union, PO Box 2, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands) |
| Abstract: | Information on R&D expenditure of the private sector is very limited, both in term of availability and data quality, especially when interest focuses on Climate Change Mitigation Technologies (CCMTs). This has an impact on the robustness of quantitative analyses, and, consequently, on the insights deriving from them. This paper proposes a methodology to estimate R&D expenditure in firms simultaneously active in multiple technology sectors, with the focus on those contributing to the development of CCMTs. The methodological approach is applied to measure how the private sector invests in R&D dedicated to CCMTs, and how this differentiates among European countries. Further the paper proposes metrics to analyse the geographical distribution of the R&D expenditures in Multinational Corporations (MNCs) across subsidiaries located in Europe. Early findings are formulated into useful insights for stakeholders and policy makers. |
| Keywords: | R&D; Patent; Invention; Climate change mitigation technologies; Energy sector |
| JEL: | C81 O32 O34 O38 Q48 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2018-06&r=ipr |
| By: | Thomas S. Neubig; Sacha Wunsch-Vincent |
| Abstract: | Understanding cross-border flows of disembodied knowledge, often associated with intellectual property (IP), is essential to analyzing how modern economies operate. This paper documents how available data to document these IP flows are distorted by various factors, including tax planning by multinational enterprises. It finds that tax-induced mismeasurement could be more than 35%, and greater for individual countries particularly high-tax-rate countries. |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wip:wpaper:37&r=ipr |
| By: | Jason Dedrick; Kenneth L. Kraemer |
| Abstract: | This report uses data on individual smart phones as well as industry data to identify which smartphone firms capture the most value. It finds that Apple captures most of the industry profits, thanks to its high prices, large profit margins and the volume of iPhone sales worldwide. Apple’s success is explained as a result of its ability to develop its own intellectual property (IP) and take advantage of IP created by suppliers through a strategy of selling only a few models at high prices compared to competitors. |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wip:wpaper:41&r=ipr |