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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2015‒12‒28
four papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | Alberto Galasso; Mark Schankerman |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the causal impact of patents on subsequent innovation by the patent holder. The analysis is based on court invalidation of patents by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and exploits the random allocation of judges to control for the endogeneity of the judicial decision. Patent invalidation leads to a 50 percent decrease in patenting by the patent holder, on average, but the impact depends critically on characteristics of the patentee and the competitive environment. The effect is entirely driven by small innovative firms in technology fields where they face many large incumbents. Invalidation of patents held by large firms does not change the intensity of their innovation but shifts the technological direction of their subsequent patenting. |
| JEL: | K41 L24 O31 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21769&r=ipr |
| By: | Sari Pekkala Kerr; William R. Kerr |
| Abstract: | We study the prevalence and traits of global collaborative patents for U.S. public companies, where the inventor team is located both within and outside of the United States. Collaborative patents are frequently observed when a corporation is entering into a new foreign region for innovative work, especially in settings where intellectual property protection is weak. We also connect collaborative patents to the ethnic composition of the firm's U.S. inventors and cross-border mobility of inventors within the firm. The inventor team composition has important consequences for how the new knowledge is exploited within and outside of the firm. |
| JEL: | F02 F22 F23 J15 O19 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21735&r=ipr |
| By: | Luis Aguiar (European Commission - JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | Interactive music streaming services have grown tremendously in recent years, raising questions about their eects on digital music sales and piracy. While often overlooked in practice, theoretical considerations suggest that these eects may differ according to the streaming services' functionality. Premium subscriptions, for instance, oer consumers unlimited and unconstrained access to music, providing little incentives to acquire digital music through alternative channels of consumption. On the other hand, free and advertisement-supported services provide consumers with very limited mobility in their usage. If music streaming allows for the discovery of new products, and if consumers value mobility, then free streaming services may well stimulate the use of channels that oer the possibility of mobile consumption. We rely on individual-level clickstream data on a representative sample of 5,000 French Internet users to study the question of how free music streaming aects music purchasing and piracy behavior. We exploit the introduction of a listening cap by the French streaming platform Deezer in June 2011 to identify this causal eect in a dierence-in-dierences setting. Our results show that free streaming services stimulate alternative channels of music consumption that oer mobility. We nd that users of Deezer's free streaming services visited licensed downloading websites up to 2.9% less than they would have had the restriction not been introduced. Similarly, they decrease their visits to unlicensed downloading websites by as much as 2%. Our ndings are indicative of online music streaming serving as an information channel for the discovery of new products, and our analysis serves as a rst step toward understanding the heterogeneity of eects that streaming platforms may have on the rapidly changing recorded music industry. |
| Keywords: | Music Streaming, Music Industry, Copyright |
| JEL: | K42 L82 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:decwpa:2015-16&r=ipr |
| By: | Hellekin Wolf (Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique - INRIA); Jaromil Jaromil (Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique - INRIA); Radium Radium (Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique - INRIA); Christian Grothoff (Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique - INRIA) |
| Abstract: | None. |
| Keywords: | payment, taler, freecoin, currency, privacy, transparency |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01239072&r=ipr |