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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Luis F. Medrano E. (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relationship between innovation and firm survival is analyzed for the population of German laser source producers from the beginning of the industry until 2005. Innovation effort is approximated by the generation of high quality patents in laser sources technology (IPC H01S) and by having patents with university inventors. Quality patents are defined as those in the upper quartile of the strongly right-skewed distribution of forward citations. Having quality patents is positive and statistically significantly associated with firm survival. New firms without relevant capabilities inherited at their birth may be capable of compensating for their lack of adequate pre-entry experience with corresponding innovative behavior. Having patents with university inventors is apparently not related to firm survival. |
| Keywords: | firm survival, patent citations, quality patents, university-inventor patents, innovation |
| JEL: | L25 M13 O30 O52 |
| Date: | 2012–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2012-009&r=ipr |
| By: | Christian Riis; Xianwen Shi |
| Abstract: | We study optimal patent design in a setting with sequential innovation. Firms innovate by undertaking "research" activities to generate new ideas and by undertaking "development" activities to transform these ideas into viable products. Both innovation incentives and the welfare costs of patent monopoly are multidimensional. We characterize optimal patent policy, and in particular, the tradeoff between patent length and patent breadth in this setting. The optimal size of the patent reward is smaller for patents associated with a higher deadweight loss. For a given reward size, a better patent that generates higher social surplus is shorter but broader. The optimal patent length may be finite or infinite. |
| Keywords: | sequential innovation, patent length, patent breadth, incentives, mechanism design |
| JEL: | O34 D82 K00 L00 |
| Date: | 2012–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tor:tecipa:tecipa-447&r=ipr |
| By: | De Rassenfosse, Gaétan; Wastyn, Annelies |
| Abstract: | The study of the innovative output of firms often relies on a count of patents filed at one single office of reference such as the European Patent Office (EPO). Yet, not all firms file their patents at the EPO, raising the specter of a selection bias. Using a novel dataset of the whole population of patents by Belgian firms, we show that the single-office count results in a selection bias that affects econometric estimates of innovation production functions. We propose a methodology to evaluate whether estimates that rely on the single-office count are affected by a selection bias. -- |
| Keywords: | Innovation production function,patent,R&D,selection bias |
| JEL: | O31 C18 C52 C81 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:12012&r=ipr |
| By: | Tapan Biswas; Jolian McHardy (Department of Economics, The University of Sheffield) |
| Abstract: | Whilst firms often prefer secrecy to patents and process innovations particu- larly lend themselves to secrecy, we establish a rationale for process innovators who patent. Using a simple two-period model, we show that under myopic op- timisation, the incentive to patent rather than pursue secrecy increases as the probability that the rival firm attaches to it being low-cost falls and as the pro- portion of the cost reduction due to the innovation, secured by the rival firm in the period after the patent has expired, falls. However, the gain to the innovating firm from patenting rather than secrecy strictly increases if the cost reduction due to the innovation is sufficiently small that the high-cost firm could profitably bluff that it is low-cost. Finally, allowing the low-cost firm the option of using an output signal in such cases, may make the patent strategy more or less attractive relative to the case of myopic optimisation. |
| Keywords: | Cournot duopoly; patenting; secrecy; uncertainty; |
| JEL: | D23 D43 O12 O34 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2012006&r=ipr |
| By: | Heger, Diana; Zaby, Alexandra K. |
| Abstract: | This article explores the propensity to patent in the light of the disclosure effect. Unlike earlier approaches concerned with the patenting decision, we take into account that a disclosure effect may decrease the merits of patenting by facilitating inventing around the patent for competitors. In our theoretical model, we find that the disclosure effect - contingent on the competitive environment of the inventor - possibly has substantial negative effects on the propensity to patent. An empirical investigation of the theoretical results finds support for the proposed effects. -- |
| Keywords: | Patenting decision,secrecy,disclosure requirement,patent breadth,horizontal product differentiation,circular city |
| JEL: | L13 L24 O34 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:12010&r=ipr |
| By: | Marcela Miozzo; Lori DiVito; Panos Desyllas |
| Abstract: | This paper asks what happens to the technological resources and assets of host country science-based firms when they are acquired by foreign firms. Drawing on a multiple case study research design and interviews with UK biopharmaceutical firms and on patent data, the paper derives different patterns of knowledge base combinations through acquisition that have different outcomes in terms of innovation. These patterns are based on combinations of two factors: the complementarity or similarity of the technology, and the complementarity or similarity of the discovery and development capabilities of the target and acquiring firm. These combinations have clear differential outcomes in terms of investment in the acquired firm’s technology and important effects for the local science and technology system. |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aal:abbswp:11-17&r=ipr |
| By: | Aschhoff, Birgit; Grimpe, Christoph |
| Abstract: | This study explores the interaction between professional imprinting and age in the context of industry-science collaboration. Specifically, we examine the impact of localized and personal peer effects on academics' involvement with industry and how these effects are moderated by the career age of the scientist. We suggest that both localized and personal peer effects drive industry involvement but that the effects from such imprinting are more pronounced for younger researchers, suggesting that professional imprinting takes place in the early stages of a scientist's academic career. Based on a sample of 330 German academics in the field of biotechnology and publication data from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), we find that scientists with industry-oriented co-authors are more likely to be involved with industry (personal peer effect). Moreover, we find that the scientist's involvement increases with the orientation of the scientist's department towards industry (localized peer effect). Only the latter effect turns out to be moderated by scientist's age. While personal peer effects are independent of the scientist's age, localized peer effects emerge for younger researchers. -- |
| Keywords: | University-industry linkages,professional imprinting,peers,biotechnology |
| JEL: | O31 L30 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:12011&r=ipr |
| By: | Tuba Bakici; Esteve Almirall; Jonathan Wareham |
| Abstract: | The increasing need to compete on innovation, together with the prevalence of IT in our social and economic interactions has led to a globalization in the sourcing of innovation. One of the best examples of this process is the raise of on-line Open Innovation Intermediaries as both markets for innovation and a locus where innovative solutions are devised. Therefore, understanding what are the main motivations that drive the participation of people into these intermediaries is increasingly relevant for organizations that seek to tap into the massive information potential. This is why this paper aims to develop an understanding on this matter with a modified version of Theory of planned behavior (TPB). |
| Keywords: | Online open innovation platforms ; Open Innovation ; Motivations ; Theory of Planned Behavior |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aal:abbswp:11-14&r=ipr |