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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Audretsch, David B. (Indiana University); Leyden, Dennis P. (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); Link, Albert N. (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Partnerships between universities and industrial firms can play a key role in enhancing competitiveness because they provide a conduit for the spillover of knowledge from the academic organization where knowledge is created to the firm where it is transformed into innovative activity. We set forth in this paper a model of industry/university participation, and we test the model empirically using research project data on entrepreneurial firms that were funded through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. We find that larger firms are more likely to be involved in a research partnership with a university, in general, as are firms with founders who have an academic background. We find the latter result holds across disaggregated types of university partnerships, as well. We find no empirical evidence that the size of the SBIR award influences the likelihood of a research partnership. |
| Keywords: | Research partnership; Innovative behavior; Entrepreneurship; Industry/university relationship |
| JEL: | L24 L26 O31 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2012–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2012_002&r=ipr |
| By: | Hasan, Dr. Syed Akif; Subhani, Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Ms. Amber |
| Abstract: | Technology in terms of ‘information technology’ is a revolutionary discovery from time to time. On the similar note, one of the famous issues of IT is the Software Piracy, which has been the talk of the organizations every now and then. Software Piracy i.e. to avoid the illegal act of copying and stealing others information has always been a headache for organizations leading to billion dollars losses and no returns. This paper tracks the association of organizations’ ethical culture with its orientations and software piracy. It is understand the influence of ethical behavior of the organization on software piracy handling. The study revealed that there is a negative association between perceived organizational ethical culture and software piracy in organizations. In particular, organizational ethical culture significantly influences software piracy decisions for individual having ‘Exceptionist’ ethical orientation. Subsequently, there is no significant association between organizational ethical culture and software piracy for Subjectivists, Absolutists and Situationists. |
| Keywords: | Software Piracy; Software Licensing; Ethical Orientations; Organizational Culture |
| JEL: | D23 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:35683&r=ipr |
| By: | Müller-Langer, Frank |
| Abstract: | Beginning in December 2004 Google has pursued a new project to create a book search engine (Google Book Search). The project has released a storm of controversy around the globe. While the supporters of Google Book Search conceive the project as a first reasonable step towards unlimited access to knowledge in the information age, its opponents fear profound negative effects due to an erosion of copyright law. Our law and economics analysis of the Book Search Project suggests that – from a copyright perspective – the proposed settlement may be beneficial to right holders, consumers, and Google. For instance, it may provide a solution to the still unsolved dilemma of orphan works. From a competition policy perspective, we stress the important aspect that Google’s pricing algorithm for orphan and unclaimed works effectively replicates a competitive Nash-Bertrand market outcome under post-settlement, third-party oversight. |
| Keywords: | Book Rights Registry; Competition Policy; Copyright; Fair Use; Google Book Search; Library Program; Orphan Works |
| JEL: | K20 O34 K21 L43 K11 |
| Date: | 2011–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:35705&r=ipr |
| By: | Juan A. Crespo; Ignacio Ortuño Ortíz; Javier Ruiz-Castillo |
| Abstract: | We propose a new method to assess the merit of any set of scientific papers in a given field based on the citations they receive. Given a citation indicator, such as the mean citation or the h-index, we identify the merit of a given set of n articles with the probability that a randomly drawn sample of n articles from a reference set of articles in that field presents a lower citation index. The method allows for comparisons between research units of different sizes and fields. Using a dataset acquired from Thomson Scientific that contains the articles published in the periodical literature in the period 1998-2007, we show that the novel approach yields rankings of research units different from those obtained by a direct application of the mean citation or the h-index. |
| Keywords: | Citation analysis, Citation merit, Mean citation, h-index |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:we1136&r=ipr |
| By: | Fryges, Helmut (ZEW Mannheim); Kohn, Karsten (KfW Bankengruppe); Ullrich, Katrin (KfW Bankengruppe) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the interdependence of debt financing and R&D activities of young firms. Using micro-level data of the KfW/ZEW Start-up Panel, our estimation results show that firm characteristics are more important than personal characteristics of the founders for explaining young firms' leverage, whereas firm characteristics and human capital of both founders and employees heavily influence R&D intensity. Applying a bivariate Tobit model, we find that there is a positive interdependent relationship between the share of loan financing and R&D intensity. A higher share of loan financing allows for more R&D in young firms and, at the same time, a higher R&D intensity allows for a higher loan share. This relationship cannot be detected by merely estimating single-equation models for R&D intensity and debt financing. |
| Keywords: | innovation financing, capital structure, business start-ups, KfW/ZEW Start-up Panel, Germany |
| JEL: | G32 O32 L26 |
| Date: | 2011–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6217&r=ipr |