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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Finardi Ugo (Università di Torino - Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M. and NIS - Centre of Excellence) |
| Abstract: | Patent citations have been widely used in order to study inter-technology and science-technology relations. The present work aims at: i) exploring time relations and distance between technical/innovative activities and scientific knowledge, using journal articles citations in patents as a proxy; ii) exploring the origin of the knowledge cited in patents. The study is performed on a field particularly relevant both on the scientific and technological side, that of nanosciences and nanotechnologies. In parallel a field less on the edge of research (polymers) is studied in order to compare results and shed better light on what is happening in nanotech. Studied items show a common behaviour and a higher rate of citations and a shorter time lag between citing patents and cited articles for nanotechnologies rather than for polymers. Knowledge cited in patents shows in many cases a common origin with that of citing documents. Conclusions on these behaviours are drawn. |
| Keywords: | Patent-research relations, Patent, Journal Article, Nanoscience, Nanotechnologies, Polymers, Technological trajectories, Data mining, Innovation, Knowledge diffusion |
| JEL: | L6 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2010–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csc:cerisp:201007&r=ipr |
| By: | Andreas Schäfer (University of Leipzig, Germany); Maik T. Schneider (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | While most countries have harmonized intellectual property rights (IPR) legislation, the dispute about the optimal level of IPR-enforcement remains. This paper develops an endogenous growth framework with two open economies satisfying the classical North-South assumptions to study (a) IPR-enforcement in a decentralized game and (b) the desired globally-harmonized IPR-enforcement of the two regions. The results are compared to the constrained-efficient enforcement level. Our main insights are: The regions’ desired harmonized enforcement levels are higher than their equilibrium choices, however, the gap between the two shrinks with relative market size. While growth rates substiantially increase when IPR-enforcement is harmonized at the North’s desired level, our numerical simulation suggests that the South may also benefit in terms of long-run welfare. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous Growth, Intellectual Property Rights, Trade, Dynamic Game |
| JEL: | F10 F13 O10 O30 |
| Date: | 2011–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:11-150&r=ipr |
| By: | Irimia, Sergiu Ioan; Matei, Ani |
| Abstract: | This paper is intended as an introduction to the concept of "open source government". It presents the late as it draws from the open source software development. Starting from the identification of the open source (OS) model in a new generation of R&D management, the main objective is to examine the feasibility of introducing innovations based on this new production model in public administration. In this regard, we argue that open source (OS) can become a modus operandi for the continuation of the processes of administrative decentralization and streamlining the exchange of information between suppliers and users of public services. |
| Keywords: | administrative decentralization; generation of R&D management; open source model; open source software; open source government |
| Date: | 2011–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nsu:apasro:399&r=ipr |
| By: | William Latham (Department of Economics,University of Delaware); Dmitry Volodin (Department of Economics,University of Delaware); Christian Le Bas (Laboratoire d'Économie de la Firme et des Institutions, Université Lumière Lyon); Riad Bouklia Hassane (Laboratoire d'Économie de la Firme et des Institutions, Université Lumière Lyon) |
| Abstract: | Regional creative resources include inventors. Policies conducive to inventors’ productivity or attracting productive inventors promote regional development. We build on prior work on inventor mobility and productivity, analyzing German, French and British patents filed in the US by 7,500 “prolific” inventors (fifteen or more inventions). We measure inventor mobility across regions, companies and technologies. We analyze the relationships among mobility, productivity and value. We find geographic mobility increases inventor productivity in the UK and France but not in Germany and geographic mobility is not related to the value of inventions except in Germany where it has a negative effect. |
| Keywords: | Patents, inventor mobility, prolific inventors |
| JEL: | O31 R58 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dlw:wpaper:11-06.&r=ipr |
| By: | Carsten Burhop (University of Cologne); Thorsten Luebbers (MPI for Collective Goods Bonn) |
| Abstract: | We investigate a sample of 180 technology licensing contracts closed by German chemical, pharmaceutical, and electrical engineering companies between 1880 and 1913. Our empirical results suggest that strategic behaviour seems to be relevant for the design of licensing contracts, whereas inventor moral hazard and risk aversion of licensor or licensee seem to be irrelevant. Moreover, our results suggest that uncertainty regarding the profitability of licensed technology influenced the design of licensing contracts. More specifically, profit sharing agreements or producer milestones were typically included into licensing contracts. |
| Keywords: | Economic History, Germany, pre-1913, Licensing contracts, Technology transfer. |
| JEL: | N83 O32 L14 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wso:wpaper:11&r=ipr |
| By: | Leung, Tin Cheuk |
| Abstract: | Software piracy remains rampant despite the successful measures the Hong Kong government has taken to eradicate street piracy. This is because most people prefer substituting a counterfeit copy of a software CD (street piracy) with an illegal download of the software (Internet piracy). To support this claim, I construct a unique data set from 281 college students in Hong Kong to demonstrate two things. First, I estimate a random-coefficient discrete choice demand system for Microsoft Office from legal and different illegal sources. Estimates obtained from a Bayesian approach, with a mixture of normal priors, indicate a strong substitution pattern between street piracy and Internet piracy. Second, I conduct counterfactuals in which street piracy is absent. Results are twofold. First, most students would switch to Internet piracy. Second, the government, by assuming that each pirated copy represents a lost sale, may over-estimate the gain from eradicating piracy by up to nine times. |
| Keywords: | software piracy; bayesian; conjoint analysis |
| JEL: | K42 L86 |
| Date: | 2011–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:32597&r=ipr |