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on Innovation |
| By: | OROKU Masahiro |
| Abstract: | This study uses patents granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (applied before 2011) to analyze the relationship among the value of patents, account information of patent-holding firms, and citations of academic papers empirically. The results are summarized as follows: First, profitable firms tend to cite papers more frequently than other firms. Second, patents that cite academic papers have more forward citations than other patents do. Third, patents that cite academic papers are cited in a wider range of technical fields than those that do not. These results imply that incorporating academic knowledge increases patent value, expands utilization range, and increases firm profitability. This situation has implications for science and technology policy. Providing public support may be important if firms with low-profit firms cannot access academic knowledge because of the lack of human and material resources. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24036&r=ino |
| By: | Krieger, Bastian; Pruefer, Malte; Strecke, Linus |
| Abstract: | Public procurement accounts for 15 to 20 percent of global GDP and is considered an effective innovation policy. However, the detrimental effects of non-innovative public procurement - public procurement tenders awarded solely based on their price - on firm innovations have been largely neglected, even though it represents the majority of all tenders. We contribute by i) developing a comprehensive theory on the effects of winning non-innovative public procurement tenders as a firm and ii) empirically testing our theory by combining representative German data with two-way fixed effect difference-in-differences estimations. In total, the estimations demonstrate winning non-innovative public procurement reduces firms' product and process innovations on the one hand, and increases firms' focus on their established products and services on the other hand. These results confirm our theory and empirically hold at the level of the individual firm and the German enterprise sector. |
| Keywords: | Public procurement, Firm innovation, Demand side |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O38 H57 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:287768&r=ino |
| By: | Roessler, Max (University of Greifswald); Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University); Miörner, Johan (CIRCLE, Lund University); Schiller, Daniel (University of Greifswald) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to identify micro-level processes shaping the narratives about regional opportunity spaces. A process perspective is applied to investigate how place leaders engage in shaping narratives to influence the perception of regional opportunity spaces. The empirical research is based on a comparative case study of four peripheral regions in Germany including ninety-two interviews with regional stakeholders complemented by two cross-regional focus groups. Our findings emphasize the central role of place leadership in influencing the perception of regional opportunity spaces, show two pathways of changing dominant narratives (outside-in and inside-out) and provide a multiple-phase framework for their analysis. |
| Keywords: | opportunity spaces; narratives; place leadership; agency; peripheral regions |
| JEL: | O33 P52 R11 R58 |
| Date: | 2024–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2024_005&r=ino |
| By: | Alberto Galasso; Hong Luo |
| Abstract: | We examine the relationship between product liability litigation and innovation by systematically combining data on product liability lawsuits with data on new product introductions in a panel dataset of leading medical device firms. We first document a decline in the propensity to introduce new products for both defendant firms and other firms operating in litigated device categories. This decline, however, does not spill over to other device categories, and we also do not find any slowing down in firms' patenting activities. We then show that changes in two features of the regulatory environment---(1) the availability of public information regarding adverse events and (2) federal law taking precedence over state law---substantially affect the likelihood of litigation. These changes also provide quasi-exogenous variations in litigation that confirm our baseline findings. Finally, we show that litigation appears to induce firms to develop safer devices. Overall, our findings suggest that product liability litigation affects the rate and direction of technological progress, and that safety regulation and liability regimes interact with one another in significant ways. |
| JEL: | K13 K41 L51 O32 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32215&r=ino |
| By: | Huanjia Ma (City-REDI Institute, The University of Birmingham); Raquel Ortega-Argilés (Manchester Institute of Innovation Research and TPI Institute, The University of Manchester); Matthew Lyons (City-REDI Institute, The University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the UK implications for regional and national growth associated with different geographical investment patterns of publicly-funded R&D, in the light of the recommendations of the 2022 Levelling Up White Paper, aimed at balancing the national economy. The White Paper outlines twelve main "missions" focused on science, technology, and education to achieve this goal. One of these missions aims to increase domestic public Research and Development (R&D) by at least 40% outside the Greater South East (GSE) by 2030. We develop three scenarios based on different assumptions about extra R&D allocation. We use data from UKRI and ONS to determine the current distribution of R&D investment in the UK, and then using the multi-regional Socio-Economic Impact Model for the UK we evaluate our three proposed R&D spending scenarios. Our findings suggest that the regional impact varies significantly across the different proposed scenarios. The scenario that allocates more GERD to areas with previously low funding levels yields the largest effect. On average, output, employment and GVA in regions outside GSE increase by 0.33%, 0.37% and 0.34%, respectively, showing a potentially positive effect on the levelling up of R&D in the country. Our analysis of both internal and external multipliers highlights the importance of investing in regional redistribution. We demonstrate that the GSE is more self-sufficient as it has much higher internal multipliers than the rest of the UK. However, we identified a potential obstacle: the capacity to absorb human capital, which could reduce the expected positive results of a more spatially balanced R&D expenditure across the UK. |
| Keywords: | Multi-region input-output, R&D, Levelling-up, UK |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdj:smioir:2024-03&r=ino |