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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Kick, Andreas; Rottmann, Horst |
| Abstract: | Sustainable investments remain popular, attracting investors and researchers alike. Especially the tail-risk properties seem to differ between sustainable stocks and common stocks. Empirically, this can be observed in particular during extreme events. On February 24, 2022 Russian forces invaded Ukraine, thereby marking the beginning of a major historical event. Using standard event study methodology, we analyze if and how Refinitiv's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity, influence cumulative abnormal returns during different event windows. We find that the abnormal returns of companies with high ecological scores exhibit a protective effect in the pre- and post-event windows. However, this effect did not materialize in all observed event windows. Therefore, our results do not fully support the hypothesis of an 'ESG hedge' against such extreme events. |
| Keywords: | abnormal returns, war, Ukraine, ESG, Russia |
| JEL: | G11 G14 M14 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hawdps:283004&r=env |
| By: | Rizzati, Massimiliano; Ciola, Emanuele; Turco, Enrico; Bazzana, Davide; Vergalli, Sergio |
| Abstract: | Green preferences are often regarded as crucial factors in facilitating the energy transition. However, it is unclear if they can alone propel an economy towards achieving a net-zero emissions outcome. In this study, we expand the multi-agent integrated assessment model MATRIX by incorporating considerations on implicit emissions in the decision-making process of consumers and firms. To evaluate the efficacy of those green preferences, we construct a range of experiments encompassing varying degrees of pro-environmental attitudes. Those scenarios are then compared to more conventional incentive-based climate policies, such as a carbon tax and a Cap-and-Trade mechanism, with and without a subsidy for abatement technology, each implemented at different stringency. Our findings indicate that only exceptionally high and unrealistic values of green preferences for both firms and consumers can achieve a net-zero outcome in the absence of an active policy. Moreover, the most favorable scenario in terms of environmental, economic and distributional outcomes emerges from a carbon tax accompanied by a moderate subsidy. Without subsidy, policies entail mainly negative economic and distributional consequences as firms transfer the increased costs to consumers. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2024–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:339796&r=env |
| By: | Belloc, Ignacio; Gimenez-Nadal, José Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto |
| Abstract: | This study explores the link between daily weather conditions and individual engagement in physical activities within the context of the climate emergency. Using ATUS data from 2003-2022, alongside detailed daily-county weather data, the research investigates their correlations. Results highlight a significant positive relationship between extreme high temperatures and heightened participation in physical activities, coupled with increased time dedicated to such pursuits. Surprisingly, individuals in warmer regions exhibit no adaptation to higher temperatures, contradicting initial assumptions. Furthermore, this study discerns sustained effects over a week, with additional hot days positively impacting physical activity within the preceding seven days. These findings hold crucial implications, shedding light on voluntary responses to global warming. They provide essential insights for formulating effective mitigation and adaptive policies aimed at promoting physical activity across varying weather conditions amid the ongoing climate emergency. |
| Keywords: | Physical activity, weather, extreme temperatures, health, time use, ATUS |
| JEL: | I12 J22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1385&r=env |
| By: | Juan S. Mora-Sanguinetti; Andrés Atienza-Maeso |
| Abstract: | The achievement of an environmentally sustainable growth model is a fundamental issue in economic analysis and is a substantial part of the public debate. However, a different question is at what pace this concern has been translated into regulation, fostering or hindering the development of new markets or “green” technologies. This paper proposes a rigorous empirical study identifying and quantifying, through text analysis, all regulations related to four different subject blocks associated with “green growth” and climate change (renewable energies, sustainable transportation, pollution and energy efficiency) over the period 2000-2022 for Spain (at the national and regional levels) and France. This research thus constructs a database in panel data format. The results show that regulation is diverse by subject matter, reflects significant regional diversity and has increased over time, especially in more recent years. From the comparison of French and Spanish regulations on renewable energy matters, it can be concluded that Spain shows a greater volume (and a greater regional disaggregation) in its regulation. This database could help develop future research projects on the impacts of “green” regulation on certain economic or institutional variables (such as “green” innovation or environmental conflicts). |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energies, Sustainable Transport, Pollution, Regulation, Regulatory Complexity, Text Mining |
| JEL: | K32 Q5 O13 O44 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:937&r=env |
| By: | Roman Buchtele (Department of Regional Management and Law, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia In České Budějovice) |
| Abstract: | Education for sustainable development has become a key parameter of modern higher education. The integration of the concept of sustainable development into education represents a natural consequence of the growth of environmental awareness that began in the second half of the last century. This education has also gained importance in the context of the green economy. The main aim of the study is to investigate the impact of the teaching of environmental topics and sustainable development in terms of environmental knowledge on students' decisions regarding their future professions. Furthermore, the secondary aim is to find out whether students have pro-environmental values and attitudes. The research is based on a quantitative approach, where the questionnaire was chosen as the main instrument of data collection. The questionnaire includes the tool of environmental sociology, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) & Human Exceptionalism Paradigm (HEP) analysis. The remaining questions are based on sub-hypotheses which draw on the theoretical part. The research results confirmed pro-environmental attitudes among university students. Basic characteristics of environmental education and the role of environmental knowledge as perceived by these students have also been described. The correlation analysis extended the findings in relation to the possible influence of environmental education on students’ decision regarding their future profession. |
| Keywords: | Education for sustainable development, Environmental knowledge, Higher education, NEP & HEP analysis, Sustainable development, Quantitative approach |
| JEL: | I20 I23 |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boh:wpaper:04_2022&r=env |
| By: | Beckman, Jayson; Dong, Fengxia; Ivanic, Maros |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339548&r=env |
| By: | Devarajan, Shantayanan; Go, Delfin; Robinson, Sherman; Thierfelder, Karen |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339545&r=env |
| By: | Nicola Campigotto; Marco Catola; Andrè Cieplinksi; Simone D'Alessandro; Tiziano Distefano; Pietro Guarnieri; Till Heydenreich |
| Abstract: | There is currently no consensus among scholars on how to achieve a just low-carbon transition. To address this issue, this paper subjects a macrosimulation model to an extensive sensitivity analysis and then fits random forests to the simulation results to identify policy combinations that can reduce carbon emissions while promoting income equality. Our find- ings indicate that interventions aimed at supporting low-income groups result in an increase in these groups’ energy demand and emissions, and that this negative effect should be off-set through a faster deployment of renewable energy sources and measures that redistribute income away from top earners. Our analysis also confirms the importance of well-known policies such as carbon taxation and working time reduction. On the other hand, we do not find energy efficiency to be crucial in achieving inequality and emission reduction goals. |
| Keywords: | ecological macroeconomics; just transition; inequality; scenario discovery |
| JEL: | Q56 Q57 C63 |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2024/304&r=env |
| By: | Michela Boldrini; Valentina Bosetti; Salvatore Nunnari |
| Abstract: | Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) — a range of methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere— are a crucial innovation in meeting temperature targets set by international climate agreements. However, mechanisms which undo the adverse consequences of short-sighted actions (as NETs) can fuel substitution effects and crowd out virtuous behaviors (e.g., mitigation efforts). For this reason, the impact of NETs on environmental preservation is an open question among scientists and policy-makers. We model this problem through a novel restorable common-pool resource game and use a laboratory experiment to exogenously manipulate key features of NETs and assess their consequences. We show that crowding out only emerges when NETs are surely available and cheap. The availability of NETs does not allow experimental communities to either conserve the common resource for longer or accrue higher earnings and makes the earnings distribution more unequal. |
| Keywords: | climate crisis, environmental sustainability, carbon dioxide removal, common-pool resource, free-rider problem, laboratory experiment |
| JEL: | C92 H41 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10905&r=env |
| By: | Burda, Michael C. (Humboldt University Berlin); Zessner-Spitzenberg, Leopold (TU Wien) |
| Abstract: | The existence of an environmental limit in the Solow-Swan economy changes the nature of economic growth, but does not preclude it. When atmospheric greenhouse gases reach a predetermined absolute threshold, further growth requires a permanently expanding, resource-intensive mitigation effort. If the rate of technical progress in mitigation is too low, it becomes the effective constraint on economic growth. Yet growth in both quantities and relative prices remains a robust feature of this class of economies. It also characterizes the social planner's optimum that anticipates the costs of reaching the environmental limit abruptly. |
| Keywords: | Solow-Swan growth model, Baumol cost disease, anthropogenic climate change, mitigation, price-driven economic growth, Ramsey optimal policy |
| JEL: | O44 Q01 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16771&r=env |
| By: | Yi Yiang; Richard S. J. Tol |
| Abstract: | In the era of sustainability, firms grapple with the decision of how much to invest in green innovation and how it influences their economic trajectory. This study employs the Crepon, Duguet, and Mairesse (CDM) framework to examine the conversion of R&D funds into patents and their impact on productivity, effectively addressing endogeneity by utilizing predicted dependent variables at each stage to exclude unobservable factors. Extending the classical CDM model, this study contrasts green and non-green innovations' economic effects. The results show non-green patents predominantly drive productivity gains, while green patents have a limited impact in non-heavy polluting firms. However, in high-pollution and manufacturing sectors, both innovation types equally enhance productivity. Using unconditional quantile regression, I found green innovation's productivity impact follows an inverse U-shape, unlike the U-shaped pattern of non-green innovation. Significantly, in the 50th to 80th productivity percentiles of manufacturing and high-pollution firms, green innovation not only contributes to environmental sustainability but also outperforms non-green innovation economically. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.16030&r=env |
| By: | Golub, Alla; Baldos, Uris; Eisenbarth, Sabrina; Day, Brett |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339523&r=env |
| By: | Lin, Fan; Xie, Danyang |
| Abstract: | We analyze China's economic growth and climate change relationship using a dynamic equilibrium model with regional disparity. Our simulation findings suggest that without intervention, China's temperatures could rise to 4.7◦C and 3.4◦C in advanced and backward regions, respectively, by mid-next century. A social planner path could limit this rise to 3.3◦C across both regions, yielding welfare benefits. However, if China adheres to the Paris Agreement's 2◦C limit without exceptional low-carbon technology advancements, significant social welfare losses could occur. |
| Keywords: | Economic Development, Climate Change, China |
| JEL: | E27 E61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119970&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) member States are highly vulnerable to climate change. This vulnerability has been further exacerbated by their large debt burden, high debt servicing costs and limited fiscal space which limit the domestic financial resources available to adequately address climate change (UNDP, 2009). It is noteworthy that from 2000 and 2019 the Caribbean Community produced between 0.11 and 0.16% of global emissions (World Bank, 2023). However, despite being only minor emitters these countries find themselves on the sharp end of the impact of climate change, being increasingly vulnerable to floods, droughts, rising temperatures, rising sea-levels, hurricanes and coral bleaching etc. Furthermore, CARICOM member States2 have submitted their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC). Whilst the Caribbean has received some measure of grant funding in support of the implementation of NDCs, the financing being offered in this regard has largely been in the form of loans, thereby leaving the subregion lagging behind in the receipt of concessionary support for its climate change adaptation and mitigation needs (Mohan, 2022). |
| Date: | 2024–01–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col095:68818&r=env |
| By: | Deborah Nusche; Marc Fuster Rabella; Simeon Lauterbach |
| Abstract: | State-of-the-art scientific evidence shows that our planet is approaching several environmental and climate tipping points faster than previously expected. This means that the international community is facing a rapidly closing window of opportunity to achieve profound transformations across sectors, systems and mindsets to secure a sustainable and liveable future. What is the role of education system in enabling social change at the massive scale and pace needed for climate change mitigation? And what policy levers can they employ to build resilience and adapt to environmental challenges? This paper explores ways to rethink educational approaches in the context of climate change, focussing primarily on school education, while exploring links to other levels of education. It looks specifically at strategies to restructure foundational science education and cross-curricular learning, zooms in on the potential of place-based approaches in empowering learners for action, and concludes by identifying policy levers to increase education system resilience. |
| Date: | 2024–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:eduaab:307-en&r=env |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Cassen (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Since COP26, four Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETP) political declarations have promised to mobilize billions of dollars to stimulate the energy transition in emerging markets. It is too early to judge the success of these four pilot partnerships. Implementation revealed many challenges, including the risk of being used for geopolitical purposes, hidden conditions, loss of confidence, and excessive debt. To mitigate these risks, JETPs should report results under the Paris Agreement transparency mechanisms, adopt widely accepted social and environmental standards, and reduce the share of sovereign debt in the package of measures while increasing the share of private finance. |
| Keywords: | JETP, Energy transition, Emerging countries, Climate financing, North-South cooperation |
| Date: | 2024–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04412457&r=env |
| By: | Costantiello, Alberto; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | We estimate the determinants of CO2 Emissions-COE in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at world level. We use data of the World Bank for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We found that the level of COE is positively associated, among others to “Methane Emissions”, “Research and Development Expenditures”, and negatively associated among others to “Renewable Energy Consumption” and “Mean Drought Index”. Furthermore, we have applied a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of four cluster. Finally, we apply eight machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of COE and we find that the Artificial Neural Network-ANN algorithm is the best predictor. The ANN predicts a reduction in the level of COE equal to 5.69% on average for the analysed countries. |
| Date: | 2024–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:53djm&r=env |
| By: | Claire Borsenberger (Groupe La Poste); Helmuth Cremer (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Denis Joram (Groupe La Poste); Jean-Marie Lozachmeur (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Estelle Malavolti (ENAC-LAB - Laboratoire de recherche ENAC - ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile) |
| Abstract: | We study how consumers' environmental awareness (CEA) affects the design of environmental policy in the e-commerce sector. We also examine if there is a need for regulation requiring delivery operators to reveal their emissions. We consider a model with two retailers who sell a differentiated product and two parcel delivery operators. Delivery generates CO2 emissions and their total level creates a global (atmosphere) externality. We assume that it is more expensive for the delivery operator to use less polluting technologies. We consider different scenarios reflecting the type of competition and the vertical structure of the industry. We shown that CEA mitigates the inefficiency of the equilibrium by bringing the level of emissions closer to its optimal level. This is true under perfect and imperfect competition. This efficiency enhancing effect of CEA also affects the design of emissions taxes, which leads to an amended Pigouvian rule. Under perfect competition the tax is reduced by exactly the level of CEA expressed in monetary terms. Under imperfect competition the adjustment exceeds this level. |
| Keywords: | Consumers' environmental awareness, Pigouvian rule, Emission taxes, E-commerce, Parcel delivery operators, Vertical integration |
| Date: | 2023–04–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03613363&r=env |
| By: | Wüstemann, Friedrich; Schroeder, Lilli Aline; Witte, Thomas de; Don, Axel; Heidecke, Claudia |
| Abstract: | In recent years, soil organic carbon sequestration and conservation has become increasingly important in German and European climate politics. In this context, measures to build up humus are to be tested in practice in the HumusKlimaNetz. In order to be able to offer the participating farms possible measures for implementation, it is crucial to evaluate which measures can contribute to humus sequestration and conservation, and which other agronomic and environmental impacts might occur. Moreover, it is necessary to know the costs incurred in implementing the measures in order to determine any compensation requirements. In this report, the scientific findings on the above-mentioned questions are compiled and regional specific flat rates for compensation of measures are developed on the basis of yield statistics. Thus, the project report is a scientific working basis for the promotion of humus measures within the framework of the model and demonstration project "HumusKlimaNetz". |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:339721&r=env |
| By: | Kathrine von Graevenitz; Elisa Rottner; Philipp M. Richter |
| Abstract: | Relative prices determine competitiveness of different locations. In this paper, we focus on the role of regulatory differences between Germany and other EU countries which affect the shadow price of carbon emissions. We calibrate a Melitz-type model, extended by firms’ emissions and abatement decisions using data on aggregate output, trade and emissions. The parameter estimates are estimated from the German Manufacturing Census. The quantitative model allows us to recover a measure of how regulatory stringency evolved in the EU and Germany in terms of an implicit carbon price paid on emissions. This price reflects energy and carbon prices in addition to command-and-control measures and decreased from 2005 to 2019 in most sectors – both in Germany and other EU countries. The trend is more pronounced in Germany than in the rest of the EU. In counterfactual analyses, we show that this intra-EU difference has substantially increased German industrial emissions. Had the EU experienced the same decrease in implicit carbon prices as Germany, German emissions would have been substantially lower. Germany has increasingly become a pollution haven. |
| Keywords: | Carbon emissions, climate policy, manufacturing, international trade, heterogeneous firms |
| JEL: | F18 H23 L60 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_503&r=env |
| By: | Ezzedine Ghlamallah (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The article, in three parts, compares the divergences and convergences between the paradigms of sustainable development and Islamic economics. The first part of this article deals with the sustainable development paradigm. This paradigm is analysed through its three-dimensional definition and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The second part characterizes the Islamic economics paradigm: Islamic economics is defined through a multidimensional approach and its objectives are outlined. The third section compares the two paradigms, revealing their divergence and convergence. The comparison shows that there is considerable conceptual convergence between these two paradigms and that their definitions and objectives converge insofar as they share the same universal ambition of achieving human well-being. These convergences can be observed in their theoretical models, dimensions, and values. They also share certain limitations, results, failures, and paradoxes. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche se situe dans le contexte du développement d'un nouveau modèle unificateur pour répondre aux objectifs communs du développement durable et de l'économie islamique. L'article, articulé autour de trois parties, compare les divergences et les convergences existantes entre les paradigmes du développement durable et de l'économie islamique. La première partie de l'article traite du paradigme du développement durable (1). Ce paradigme est analysé à travers sa définition tridimensionnelle (1.1) ainsi qu'à travers les objectifs de développement durable des Nations-Unies (1.2). La seconde partie permet de caractériser le paradigme de l'économie islamique (2) : l'économie islamique est définie à travers une approche multidimensionnelle (2.1) et ses objectifs sont exposés (2.2). Une fois les deux paradigmes présentés, la troisième partie permet de les comparer (3) et fait apparaître leurs divergences (3.1) et convergences (3.2). La comparaison montre qu'il existe une convergence conceptuelle importante entre ces deux paradigmes et que leurs définitions et objectifs convergent dans la mesure où ils partagent la même ambition universelle de réalisation du bien-être humain. Ces convergences se retrouvent au niveau des modèles théoriques, des dimensions et des valeurs. Ils présentent également des limites, des résultats avec des constats d'échec et des paradoxes communs. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development, Islamic Economics, Environmental Management, Ethics, SDG |
| Date: | 2023–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04363875&r=env |
| By: | Zheng, Yixing; Grant, Jason; Legrand, Nicolas; Arita, Shawn; Sydow, Sharon |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339490&r=env |
| By: | Xi Sun; Karsten Neuhoff |
| Abstract: | We investigate policies for increasing recycling to facilitate decarbonization within the basic material sector, including market-based policies, such as carbon pricing, advanced disposal fee and minimum recycled content requirement, and non-market policies, such as product design standard. We develop an analytical model to assess the role of these policy instruments for recycling related choices of manufacturing industry, consumers, and waste management. We find that individual policy instruments can deliver some benefits in terms of emission reductions and welfare improvements, but that a package of policy instruments is necessary to reach the welfare maximum and effective scale of emission reductions and resource saving. |
| Keywords: | Industry decarbonization, market failure, high-quality recycling, policy package |
| JEL: | D62 H23 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2069&r=env |
| By: | Phu Nguyen-Van; Tuyen Tiet; Quoc Tran-Nam |
| Abstract: | Although numerous studies examine the impacts of environmental compliance and innovation on a firm's economic performance, the role of export activities in this nexus has remained unanswered. In this study, we revisit the Porter hypothesis by investigating synergy strategies of dierent environmental and economic practices (i.e., environmental compliance, product innovation, process innovation and having export activities) on total factor productivity (TFP) of Vietnamese manufacturing SMEs. Our results suggest that while encouraging either product or process innovation is also essential in the environment-promoting policy, joint implementation of these two practices should be carefully considered by managers. Moreover, entering export markets positively impacts rms' productivity; complying with the domestic/local environmental standards could signicantly increase the chances for SMEs to enter the export markets |
| Keywords: | Environmental compliance; Export; Product innovation; Process innovation; Productivity; SMEs |
| JEL: | L25 M11 O12 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2024-1&r=env |
| By: | Miroslav Němec (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia In České Budějovice) |
| Abstract: | Sustainable development is based on the historical human need not only to exploit but also to protect the environment necessary for life. However, in the context of the current approach, sustainability encompasses much more than this; it covers a wide range of areas where efficiency in management, approach and governance is required, and the national economy is no exception. Sustainable management and maintenance can help reduce the environmental impacts of individual activities and also reduce, eliminate or recycle waste from individual activities within the circular economy. Sustainable management and maintenance are important because they allow to increase the performance and efficiency of business activities, both in terms of the environment, society and economic efficiency. If the societal goal is to have a quality infrastructure, it is necessary to deal methodologically with the way it is maintained, i.e. the choice of approach, but also the risks involved. There are undoubtedly many of these, which is why it is necessary to concentrate on 'risk management', to carry out a risk analysis and to focus on the most serious risks. It is not about the concept of risk within the function of the organisation itself, where the actual system is implemented, but about the level of risk above the organisation itself, in which external factors are also considered. The intention is to apply Risk Management to the specific conditions of an organization operating in the area of management and maintenance of lower category communications and to find ways to make the organization's activities more efficient so that they meet the conditions of sustainability and therefore can lead to social responsibility. The basic hypothesis in this contribution is Using risk management tools can achieve efficiency and thus contribute to the sustainability of social responsibility in the conditions of an organization dealing with road management. The aim of the thesis is to find a tool for setting up a support system for the implementation of sustainable development in roads sector and intensification of sustainability management at the level of regional roads authorities in the Czech Republic. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, circular economy, road management, risk management, infrastructure maintenance |
| JEL: | O18 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boh:wpaper:04_2023&r=env |
| By: | Aswani, Jitendra; Raghunandan, Aneesh; Rajgopal, Shivaram |
| Abstract: | An influential emerging literature documents strong correlations between carbon emissions and stock returns. We reexamine that data and conclude that these associations are driven by two factors. First, stock returns are correlated only with unscaled emissions estimated by the data vendor, but not with unscaled emissions actually disclosed by firms. Vendor-estimated emissions systematically differ from firm-disclosed emissions and are highly correlated with financial fundamentals, suggesting that prior findings primarily capture the association between such fundamentals and returns. Second, unscaled emissions, the variable typically used in academic literature, is correlated with stock returns but emissions intensity (emissions scaled by firm size), an equally important measure used in practice, is not. While unscaled emissions represent an important metric for society, we argue that, for individual firms, emissions intensity is an appropriate measurement choice to assess carbon performance. The associations between emissions and returns disappear after accounting for either of the issues above. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions; stock returns; trucost; estimated emissions; emissions disclosure; OUP deal |
| JEL: | D62 G23 G30 M14 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:118364&r=env |
| By: | Gautam Gowrisankaran; Ashley Langer; Mar Reguant |
| Abstract: | Natural gas has replaced coal as the dominant fuel for U.S. electricity generation. However, U.S. states that regulate electric utilities have retired coal more slowly than others. We build a structural model of rate-of-return regulation during an energy transition where utilities face tradeoffs between lowering costs and maintaining coal capacity. We find that the current regulatory structure retires only 45% as much coal capacity as a cost minimizer. A regulated utility facing a carbon tax does not lower carbon emissions immediately but retires coal similarly to the social planner. Alternative regulations with faster transitions clash with affordability and reliability goals. |
| JEL: | L51 L94 Q48 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32088&r=env |
| By: | Shin, Kiseok; Grant, Jason; He, Xi; Arita, Shawn; Sydow, Sharon; Tomlin, Hazelle; Jones, Jason |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339522&r=env |
| By: | Bispo, Scarlett Queen Almeida; Mertens, Frédéric; Martins, Michelle |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339561&r=env |
| By: | Anna Maroušková (Department of Regional Management and Law, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia In České Budějovice) |
| Abstract: | The amount of different types of waste around the world is growing every year. Especially a growing amount of food waste is in desperate need of better management practices. At the same time, European Union (EU) is striving for becoming the world's first climate-neutral continent which requires immediate solutions for issues like waste management, sustainable production, competitive resource-efficient business models, etc. For achieving these goals, business models fulfilling principles of circular bioeconomy are highly supported by the EU. One of such business models could be the rearing of Black Soldier Larvae (BSF) on various types of biowaste and their use for value-added products like animal feed, fertilizers, biofuel, cosmetic ingredients, etc. This study reviews adopted Bioeconomy strategies and investigates the state of the research and development in the field of BSF rearing through statistical analysis of the available scientific publications, published patents, and established companies in the EU and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Member states. The results show an exponential increase in all three indicators in the last decade. |
| Keywords: | bioeconomy, biowaste, circular economy, insect production, sustainability |
| JEL: | O13 Q01 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boh:wpaper:02_2023&r=env |
| By: | Etienne de L'Estoile; Mathilde Salin |
| Abstract: | In 2021, the French Parliament passed a law aiming for "No net land take" (NNLT) by 2050, while the rate of land take should be halved by 2031. These objectives are notably justified by the fact that land take, defined as the conversion of agricultural, forest and other semi-natural and natural land into built-up land, causes biodiversity loss and affects soil functions. Because they contribute to land take and use built-up land to produce, economic sectors will likely be affected by this new policy. This paper investigates this exposure. Using cadastral data and geolocated information on French firms, we develop accounts tracing the annual use of built-up land (a stock) and the annual land take (a flow) by economic sectors over 2008-2021. Our results show a strong time-varying sectoral heterogeneity regarding land use and land take, with some sectors (e.g. wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing or accommodation and food services) being significant users of built-up land. Regarding land take, we find that wholesale and retail trade has had the greatest responsibility. Then, we combine these new accounts with additional data and propose a multi-criteria analysis to assess the vulnerability of each sector in a ‘severe but plausible’ scenario of increasing land prices induced by the NNLT policy. Our results show that the sectors contributing most significantly to land take may not necessarily be the most vulnerable because of their relatively higher adaptive capacity. |
| Keywords: | Land Use Regulations; Real Estate Markets; Land; Environmental Accounts; Production |
| JEL: | R52 R33 Q24 Q56 E23 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:941&r=env |
| By: | Bunch, Davis S.; Chakraborty, Debapriya; Brownstone, David |
| Abstract: | To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector, government programs and regulations are encouraging a transition from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), collectively referred to as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). California has targets of having 5 million PEVs and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles on the road by 2030, and 100% of new vehicle sales being zero-emission by 2035. An increasing diversity of vehicle types, paired with a growing demand for PEVs, has major implications for vehicle miles traveled (VMT), air pollution, and emissions. To better understand what is likely to happen, researchers predict household vehicle preference and VMT by vehicle body and fuel type. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vehicle Choice, Vehicle Miles Traveled, Joint Discrete Choice Model |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt42g2n4nz&r=env |
| By: | Colmer, Jonathan Mark; Evans, Mary F.; Shimshack, Jay |
| Abstract: | Citizen complaints feature prominently in public oversight contexts. The nature and effects of complaints, however, are controversial and poorly understood. We first investigate attitudes about citizen complaints using a nationally representative survey. We document that the public believes complaints promote open, efficient, and equitable governance. We then exploit novel administrative data on over 130, 000 complaints in Texas to investigate their observed dynamic effects on regulator behavior. Empirically, complaints are associated with sharp increases in regulator monitoring and enforcement. Complaints uncover more, and more severe violations, than more standard monitoring approaches. Overall, our findings are consistent with complaints enhancing regulatory efficiency. |
| Keywords: | citizen complaints; environmental regulation; compliance; monitoring and enforcement; pollution |
| JEL: | Q58 Q53 K32 D78 |
| Date: | 2023–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121326&r=env |
| By: | Sebastian Bustos (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Timothy Cheston (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Nidhi Rao |
| Abstract: | Alarming rates of forest loss in the Colombian Amazon have created a perceived trade-off that the only means of achieving economic prosperity is by sacrificing the forest. This study finds little evidence of this trade-off; rather, we find that economic development and forest protection are not an either-or choice. Forest clearing is driven by extensive cattle-ranching as a means to secure land titles. In essence, the loss of some of the world’s richest biodiversity is the result of some of the least economically complex activities that fail to achieve economic prosperity in the region. If anything, the acceleration in deforestation has accompanied a period of economic stagnation. The existing economic model in the Amazon – centered on agrarian colonization and mineral extraction – has not generated prosperity for the people, all while failing the forest. The exceptional diversity of the Amazon’s biome is not reflected in the region’s economy. The Amazonian economy is best characterized by its low diversity and low complexity. A significant proportion of employment is linked to public administration – more than in other departments of the country. Very little of the production in the departments is destined to be consumed outside the departments ("exported"). This study seeks to define an alternative economic model for the Colombian Amazon from the perspective of economic complexity with environmental sustainability. Economic complexity research finds that the productive potential of places depends not only on the soil or natural resources, but on the productive capabilities—or knowhow—held by its people. This research finds that the Colombian Amazon will not become rich by adding value to its raw materials or by specializing in one economic activity. Rather, economic development is best described as a process of expanding the set of capabilities present to be able to produce a more diverse set of goods, of increasingly greater complexity. This model starts from the base of understanding the existing productive capabilities in Caquetá, Guaviare, and Putumayo, to identify high-potential economic sectors that build off those capabilities to achieve new, sustainable pathways to shared prosperity. Achieving shared prosperity in the Amazon depends on the connectivity and opportunity in its urban areas. The primary drivers of greater economic complexity – and prosperity – are the cities in the Amazon. Even in the remote areas of the Amazon, the majority of people in Caquetá, Guaviare, and Putumayo live in urban areas. The low prosperity in the Colombian Amazon is driven by the lack of prosperous cities. The report finds that Amazonian cities are affected by the lack of connectivity to major Colombian cities that limit their ability to ‘export’ things outside the department to then expand the capacity to ‘import’ the things that are not produced locally as a means to improve well-being. |
| Keywords: | Amazon Rainforest, Colombia, Caqueta, Guaviare, Putumayo, economic development, forest protection, mineral extraction, sustainable agroforestry |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:156a&r=env |
| By: | R.Boucekkine (Centre for Unframed Thinking, Rennes School of Business (France), and Corresponding Member, IRES-UCLouvain); W.Ruan (Purdue University Northwest, USA); B.Zou (Corresponding author. DEM, University of Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | We study optimal behavior under irreversible pollution risk. Irreversibility comes from the decay rate of pollution sharply dropping (possibly to zero) above a threshold pollution level. In addition, the economy can instantaneously move from a reversible to an irreversible pollution mode, following a Poisson process, the irreversible mode being an absorbing state. The resulting non-convex optimal pollution control is therefore piecewise deterministic. First, we are able to characterize analytically and globally the optimal emission policy using dynamic programming. Second, we prove that for any value of the Poisson probability, the optimal emission policy leads to more pollution with the irreversibility risk than without in a neighborhood of the pollution irreversibility threshold. Third, we find that this local result does not necessarily hold if actual pollution is far enough from the irreversibility threshold. Our results enhance the importance of the avoidability of the latter threshold in the optimal economic behavior under the irreversibility risk. |
| Keywords: | Irreversible pollution, uncertainty, piecewise deterministic, optimal behavior under risk, avoidability of the irreversible regime |
| JEL: | Q52 C61 D81 |
| Date: | 2024–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2024001&r=env |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel PhD; Xiao, Runhua Ivan |
| Abstract: | This project identifies factors that affect three truck-related parameters: idling, searching for parking, and parking demand. These parameters are examined in communities in Kern County California that have high air pollution levels and are located near transportation corridors, industrial facilities, and logistics centers. Daytime truck idling is concentrated in and around commercial and industrial hubs, and nighttime idling is concentrated around major roads and highway entrances and exits. Truck idling, searching for parking, and parking demand correlate with shorter distances from freight-related points-of-interest such as warehouses, increased size of nearby industrial or commercial land use, and proximity to areas of dense population or income inequality. Based onthese findings, policy recommendations include targeted anti-idling interventions, improved truck parking facilities, parking systems that provide real-time availability information to drivers, provision of alternate power sources in parkingfacilities to allow trucks to turn off, cleaner fuels and technologies, enhanced routing efficiency, stricter emission standards, and stronger land-use planning with buffer zones around residential areas. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Trucking, trucks, parking demand, engine idling, air pollution, industrial areas, underserved communities, environmental justice |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9w28d01h&r=env |
| By: | Murphy, Colin; Ro, Jin Wook |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Low Carbon Fuel Standard, transportation policy, policy making |
| Date: | 2024–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5wf035p8&r=env |
| By: | Lundberg, Clark; Hutson, Stephanie |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats22:339435&r=env |
| By: | Erwan Gautier; Christoph Grosse Steffen; Magali Marx; Paul Vertier |
| Abstract: | This paper provides empirical evidence on the compositional effect of weather-related disasters on consumer prices. We combine data on monthly granular inflation for 12 CPI product categories with data on extreme weather events for four French overseas territories sporadically hit by large weather-related disasters. We find that disasters lead to a maximum rise in consumer prices of 0.5 percent with substantial heterogeneity in the price response. An immediate strong surge in the prices of food, and notably of fresh products, is partially offset by a decline in the prices of manufactured products and services. The effects of weather-related disasters dissipate after four months and differ along the income distribution, notably raising inflation for low-income households by more. Price controls dampen the price response on impact, but lead to similar adjustments in the price level after six months. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters; Extreme Weather; Inflation; Disaggregate Inflation; Inequality; Price Gouging |
| JEL: | E31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:935&r=env |
| By: | Azevedo, Deven; Wolf, Hendrik; Yamazaki, Akio |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the employment impacts of British Columbia’s revenue neutral carbon tax. Using the synthetic control method with firm-level data, we find considerable heterogeneity in employment responses to the policy. We show that firm size matters. In particular, the carbon tax had a negative impact on large emissionintensive firms, but simultaneous tax cuts and transfers increased the purchasing power of low income households, substantially benefiting small businesses in the service sector and food/clothing manufacturing. Furthermore, we find that aggregate employment was not adversely affected by the policy. Our results provide additional insight for the “job-shifting hypothesis” of revenue neutral carbon taxes. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax; employment; unilateral climate policy; firms |
| JEL: | E24 H23 J20 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117346&r=env |
| By: | Mabel Tidball (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Julia de Frutos Cachorro (UB - Universitat de Barcelona); Guiomar Martín-Herrán (IMUVA - Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas - UVa - Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid]) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: We examine the problem of natural resource exploitation when an exceptional extraction of a resource (groundwater) is needed that is devoted to a different use than its regular use. The study applies a two-stage Stackelberg game to examine the strategic behavior of players who compete for water, with the leader (public resource manager), with varying degrees of environmental and public health concerns; the manager of the new (nonregular) resource use, who only intervenes in the second stage of the game; and the follower, who is a regular (agricultural) resource user. We examine the crucial resource of groundwater, introducing two types of Stackelberg equilibria (open-loop and feedback) that can arise depending on agents' commitment behavior, comparing the extraction behaviors of the leader and agricultural user for the two equilibria and the effects on the final state of the resource and agents' profits. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that situations can occur in which noncommitment strategies could be more favorable than commitment strategies in terms of the final aquifer stock and the regular user's profits. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04335915&r=env |
| By: | Costantiello, Alberto; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | We estimate the value of Voice and Accountability-VA in the context of the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG data of the World Bank using data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2021. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS. We found that the level of VA is positively associated, among others, to “Maximum 5-Day Rainfall”, and “Mortality Rate Under 5” and negatively associated, among others, to “Adjusted Savings: Natural Resources Depletion”, and “Annualized Average Growth Rate in Per Capita Real Survey Mean Consumption or Income”. Furthermore, we apply the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method. We found the k-Means useless due to the low variance of the variable among countries with the result of a hyper-concentration of elements in a unique cluster. Finally, we confront eight machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of VA. Polynomial Regression is the best predictive algorithm according to R-Squared, MAE, MSE and RMSE. The level of VA is expected to growth on average of 2.92% for the treated countries. |
| Date: | 2024–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ke8f7&r=env |
| By: | Bastianin, Andrea; Mirto, Elisabetta; Qin, Yan; Rossini, Luca |
| Abstract: | Putting a price on carbon – with taxes or developing carbon markets – is a widely used policy measure to achieve the target of net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper tackles the issue of producing point, direction-of-change, and density forecasts for the monthly real price of carbon within the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). We aim to uncover supply- and demand-side forces that can contribute to improving the prediction accuracy of models at short- and medium-term horizons. We show that a simple Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model, augmented with either one or two factors capturing a set of predictors affecting the price of carbon, provides substantial accuracy gains over a wide set of benchmark forecasts, including survey expectations and forecasts made available by data providers. We extend the study to verified emissions and demonstrate that, in this case, adding stochastic volatility can further improve the forecasting performance of a single-factor BVAR model. We rely on emissions and price forecasts to build market monitoring tools that track demand and price pressure in the EU ETS market. Our results are relevant for policymakers and market practitioners interested in quantifying the desired and unintended macroeconomic effects of monitoring the carbon market dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2024–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:339740&r=env |
| By: | Namasi G. Sankar; Suryadeepto Nag; Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty; Sankarshan Basu |
| Abstract: | In the context of whether investors are aware of carbon-related risks, it is often hypothesized that there may be a carbon premium in the value of stocks of firms, conferring an abnormal excess value to firms' shares as a form of compensation to investors for their transition risk exposure through the ownership of carbon instensive stocks. However, there is little consensus in the literature regarding the existence of such a premium. Moreover few studies have examined whether the correlation that is often observed is actually causal. The pertinent question is whether more polluting firms give higher returns or do firms with high returns have less incentive to decarbonize? In this study, we investigate whether firms' emissions is causally linked to the presence of a carbon premium in a panel of 141 firms listed in the S\&P500 index using fixed-effects analysis, with propensity score weighting to control for selection bias in which firms increase their emissions. We find that there is a statistically significant positive carbon premium associated with Scope 1 emissions, while there is no significant premium associated with Scope 2 emissions, implying that risks associated with direct emissions by the firm are priced, while bought emissions are not. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.16455&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | The report is the first comprehensive, India-specific analysis of urban passenger transport emissions using a life-cycle perspective. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach offers insights into how policy choices affect greenhouse gas emissions throughout vehicle and infrastructure development and use. The analysis shows that Indian cities must prioritise measures that shift private vehicle users to public transport. In addition, a transition to electric buses – preferably powered by 100% renewable energy – is needed. The report highlights the critical importance of analysing and understanding emissions levels through all life-cycle stages of transport services when taking public policy and investment decisions. |
| Date: | 2023–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:120-en&r=env |
| By: | Sina Sahebi; Sahand Heshami; Mohammad Khojastehpour; Ali Rahimi; Mahyar Mollajani |
| Abstract: | Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a technology that can reduce fuel consumption and air pollution in the automotive industry. However, its availability in Iran is low compared to industrialized countries. This study examines the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for ACC among Iranian drivers. Data from an online survey of 453 respondents were analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and an ordered logit model. The results show that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect attitudes toward using ACC, which in turn influence behavioral intentions. The logit model also shows that drivers who find ACC easy and useful, who have higher vehicle prices, and who are women with cruise control (CC) experience are more likely to pay for ACC. To increase the adoption of ACC in Iran, it is suggested to target early adopters, especially women and capitalists, who can influence others with their positive feedback. The benefits of ACC for traffic safety and environmental sustainability should also be emphasized. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.17329&r=env |
| By: | Andrea Bastianin (University of Milan and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Elisabetta Mirto (University of Milan); Yan Qin (London Stock Exchange Group); Luca Rossini (University of Milan and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) |
| Abstract: | Putting a price on carbon – with taxes or developing carbon markets – is a widely used policy measure to achieve the target of net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper tackles the issue of producing point, direction-of-change, and density forecasts for the monthly real price of carbon within the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). We aim to uncover supply- and demand-side forces that can contribute to improving the prediction accuracy of models at short- and medium-term horizons. We show that a simple Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model, augmented with either one or two factors capturing a set of predictors affecting the price of carbon, provides substantial accuracy gains over a wide set of benchmark forecasts, including survey expectations and forecasts made available by data providers. We extend the study to verified emissions and demonstrate that, in this case, adding stochastic volatility can further improve the forecasting performance of a single-factor BVAR model. We rely on emissions and price forecasts to build market monitoring tools that track demand and price pressure in the EU ETS market. Our results are relevant for policymakers and market practitioners interested in quantifying the desired and unintended macroeconomic effects of monitoring the carbon market dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian inference, Carbon prices, Climate Changes, EU ETS, Forecasting |
| JEL: | C11 C32 C53 Q02 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2024.02&r=env |
| By: | Wagner-Ahlfs, Christian; Ahrendt, Kai; Bange, Hermann; Bauer, Kristine; Bruggaier, Elisabeth; Imenkamp, Charlotte; Junge, Franziska; Karez, Rolf; Kock, Monika; Krost, Peter |
| Abstract: | 1. The living lab method (German: “Reallabor”) is a proven tool from sustainability research. Although it offers a lot of potential for application to complex challenges in marine conservation, it has scarcely been used in this context so far. 2. This article presents the project "Reallabor Eckernförder Bucht 2030", which is the first living lab addressing the areas of sea, coast and land together. 3. The project was developed in co-design between science, ministries and other stakeholders. 4. It was possible to show that the Living lab method is suitable for a multi-stakeholder dialogue with many interlinked challenges, e.g. agriculture, fisheries, nature protection and tourism. 5. Synthesis and applications: The living lab method is suitable for addressing complex challenges addressing the areas of sea, coast and land together in a geographically limited space. A cooperation between science, society and administration helps to tackle environmental problems by identifying solutions that a) have a high societal acceptance, b) are based on interdisciplinary scientific knowledge, and c) fulfil administrative rules and conditions. The "Reallabor Eckernförder Bucht 2030" serves as a blueprint for projects also on international level. |
| Date: | 2024–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9mdqv&r=env |
| By: | Franck Ramaharo; Fitiavana Randriamifidy |
| Abstract: | The aim of this note is to identify the factors influencing renewable energy consumption in Madagascar. We tested 12 features covering macroeconomic, financial, social, and environmental aspects, including economic growth, domestic investment, foreign direct investment, financial development, industrial development, inflation, income distribution, trade openness, exchange rate, tourism development, environmental quality, and urbanization. To assess their significance, we assumed a linear relationship between renewable energy consumption and these features over the 1990-2021 period. Next, we applied different machine learning feature selection algorithms classified as filter-based (relative importance for linear regression, correlation method), embedded (LASSO), and wrapper-based (best subset regression, stepwise regression, recursive feature elimination, iterative predictor weighting partial least squares, Boruta, simulated annealing, and genetic algorithms) methods. Our analysis revealed that the five most influential drivers stem from macroeconomic aspects. We found that domestic investment, foreign direct investment, and inflation positively contribute to the adoption of renewable energy sources. On the other hand, industrial development and trade openness negatively affect renewable energy consumption in Madagascar. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.13671&r=env |
| By: | Fiankor, Dela-Dem Doe; Dalheimer, Bernhard; Mack, Gabriele |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339551&r=env |
| By: | Cohen, Adam MS; Shaheen, Susan PhD |
| Abstract: | Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a broad concept that enables consumers access to air mobility, goods delivery, and emergency services through an integrated and connected multimodal transportation network. AAM can provide short-range urban, suburban, and rural flights of about 50-miles and mid-range regional flights up to a several hundred miles. State law delegates responsibility for oversight in aviation primarily to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This white paper presents an overview of the state of the market, such as the aircraft under development and forecast market growth and discusses factors that could facilitate the development of AAM or pose risks to its deployment or to the public, including the safety and the regulatory environment, airspace and air traffic management, security, environmental impacts, weather, infrastructure and multimodal integration, workforce and economic development, social equity, and community engagement and social acceptance. It concludes by recommending actions that Caltrans and other state agencies can take to facilitate the development of AAM. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Air transportation, mobility, market assessment, risk analysis, airspace, multimodal transportation, regulation |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt0656t0dh&r=env |
| By: | Sanjit Dhami; Paolo Zeppini |
| Abstract: | We consider firms’ choices between a clean technology that benefits, and a dirty technology that harms, the environment. Green firms are more suited to the clean, and brown firms are more suited to the dirty technology. We use a model derived from complexity theory that takes account of true uncertainty and increasing returns to technology adoption. We examine theoretically, the properties of the long-run equilibrium, and provide simulated time paths of technology adoption, using plausible dynamics. The long-run outcome is an ‘emergent property’ of the system, and it unpredictable despite there being no external technological or preference shocks. We describe the role of taxes and subsidies in facilitating adoption of the clean technology; the conflict between optimal Pigouvian taxes and adoption of clean technologies; the optimal temporal profile of subsidies; and the desirability of an international fund to provide technology assistance to poorer countries. Finally, we extend our model to stochastic dynamics in which firms experiment with technological alternatives, and demonstrate the existence of punctuated equilibria. |
| Keywords: | technology choice, climate change, complexity, lock-in effects, increasing returns, green subsidies, public policy, Pigouvian taxes, stochastic dynamics |
| JEL: | D01 D21 D90 H32 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10900&r=env |
| By: | Bensch, Gunther; Jeuland, Marc; Lenz, Luciane; Ndiaye, Ousmane |
| Abstract: | Rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa have experienced limited progress towards the sustainable development goal of universal access to clean cooking. Energy-efficient biomass cookstoves (EEBCs) are considered a potential bridge technology, but EEBC models vary widely, and there is a lack of understanding about their real-world use implications. We conduct a randomized controlled trial in rural Senegal to compare a low-cost, locally produced stove designed to achieve fuel savings and an expensive, imported stove shown to be more efficient and emissions-reducing in the laboratory. We find that the two EEBCs perform similarly: both reduce fuel consumption but have no significant impact on cooking time and fuel collection, emissions, or objective health measures. We conclude that the technically advanced option is not cost effective for most of our sample, while the low-cost EEBC can be seen as a stop-gap solution that primarily reduces fuel use. The findings underpin the importance of customizing EEBC dissemination to local context and baseline cooking patterns. |
| Abstract: | In den ländlichen Gebieten Afrikas südlich der Sahara lassen sich nur begrenzte Fortschritte beim allgemeinen Zugang zu sauberem Kochen beobachten. Energieeffiziente Biomasse-Kochherde (EEBCs) gelten als potenzielle Brückentechnologie, EEBC-Modelle unterscheiden sich jedoch sehr, und es mangelt an Evidenz zu ihrer Effektivität in der Praxis. Diese Studie vergleicht einen kostengünstigen, lokal produzierten Herd, der auf Brennstoffeinsparung ausgelegt ist, mit einem teuren, importierten Herd, der sich im Labor als effizienter und emissionsmindernd erwiesen hat. Hierfür nutzen wir eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie unter Haushalten im ländlichen Senegal. Wir kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die beiden EEBCs ähnliche Effekte zeigen: Beide reduzieren den Brennstoffverbrauch, haben aber keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Kochzeit, die Dauer des Sammelns von Brennstoff, die Emissionen oder objektive Gesundheitsmessungen. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die technisch fortschrittlichere Option für die meisten Haushalte unserer Stichprobe nicht kosteneffizient ist, während die kostengünstige EEBC als Übergangslösung angesehen werden kann, die in erster Linie den Brennstoffverbrauch reduziert. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, wie wichtig es ist, die Verbreitungsstrategien von EEBCs auf den lokalen Kontext und lokale Kochgewohnheiten anzupassen. |
| Keywords: | Cookstoves, energy access, biomass burning, energy efficiency, technology choice |
| JEL: | C93 D12 O12 O13 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:282010&r=env |
| By: | Rangrang Zheng (University of Hawaii); Greg Schivley (Princeton University); Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez (University of California San Diego); Matthias Fripp (Environmental Defense Fund); Michael J. Roberts (University of Hawaii) |
| Abstract: | Solar and wind power are cost-competitive with fossil fuels, yet their intermittent nature presents challenges. Significant temporal and geographic differences in land, wind, and solar resources suggest that long-distance transmission could be particularly beneficial. Using a detailed, open source model, we analyze optimal transmission expansion jointly with storage, generation, and hourly operations across the three primary interconnects in the United States. Transmission expansion offers far more benefits in a high-renewable system than in a system with mostly conventional generation. Yet while an optimal nationwide plan would have more than triple current interregional transmission, transmission decreases the cost of a 100% clean system by only 4% compared to a plan that relies solely on current transmission. Expanding capacity only within existing interconnects can achieve most of these savings. Adjustments to energy storage and generation mix can leverage the current interregional transmission infrastructure to build a clean power system at a reasonable cost. |
| Keywords: | Decarbonization, renewable energy, intermittency, transmission, trade, optimization |
| JEL: | Q42 Q52 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hae:wpaper:2024-2&r=env |
| By: | Frank Y. Huang; Po-Chun Huang |
| Abstract: | In densely populated urban areas, where interactions between pedestrians, vehicles, and motorcycles are frequent and complex, traffic safety is a critical concern. This paper evaluates the Neighborhood Traffic Environment Improvement Program in Taipei, which involved painting green pedestrian paths, adjusting no-parking red/yellow lines, and painting speed limit and stop/slow signs on lanes and alleys. Exploiting staggered rollout of policy implementation and administrative traffic accident data, we found that the program reduced daytime traffic accidents by 5 percent and injuries by 8 percent, while having no significant impact on nighttime incidents. The effectiveness of the program during the day is mainly attributed to the painted green sidewalks, with adequate sunlight playing a part in the program's success. Our findings indicate that cost-effective strategies like green pedestrian lanes can be effective in areas with dense populations and high motorcycle traffic, as they improve safety by encouraging pedestrians to use marked areas and deterring vehicles from these zones. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.16752&r=env |
| By: | George Yunxiong Li; Simona Iammarino; |
| Abstract: | Many critical raw materials (CRMs) – including rare metals and earth elements – are essential components in renewable energy products, and they work as an irreplaceable material basis for related technological innovation. However, global CRM supply chains are subject to significant risks, posing threats to the stability of the renewable energy industry. To address the challenges, a growing emphasis in both academic and policy circles is directed to de-risking supply chains through diversification and production reshoring. In this study, we investigate the relevance of domestic CRM production as a strategic measure to hedge against global supply shocks, providing competitive advantages for local renewable energy development and innovation. We explore this issue by focusing on two core renewable energy sectors: Wind and Solar energy. Analysing data from a panel of 128 countries spanning from 2007 to 2016, we examine the impact of domestic CRM supply capabilities on the competitiveness of the RE sectors and technological innovation, while controlling for various influencing factors. Our findings show that a stable CRM supply through domestic production significantly supports downstream RE product export and patent output, protecting local RE development from global material supply shocks. Using the case of renewable energy sector, this paper introduces the concept of "material-based technological regime" and underscores the critical importance of supply chain stability for key materials in bolstering national technological advantages. It provides valuable perspectives for both businesses and policymakers. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2403&r=env |
| By: | Sandrine Brèteau-Amores (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marielle Brunette (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pablo Andrés-Domenech (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Research Highlights: We analyze the costs of plantation failure and evaluate the distribution of replantation costs and risk sharing between the forestry company and the forest owner in France. Background and Objectives: Due to the lack of a clear definition of drought, forestry companies are increasingly considered as liable for plantation failure, increasing their costs and leading to financial instability. In this context, this paper aims to address the following questions. In the case of plantation failure, is it less costly to replant, not replant, or restart the whole plantation? What is the impact of changing the liability scheme between the company and the forest owner in terms of replantation costs and risk sharing? Materials and Methods: We performed a cost assessment of different itineraries of plantations as a function of different mortality rates. The breakdown of the replantation costs between the company and the forest owner was also investigated. Results: No replanting is the least expensive option for the forest owner, followed by replanting and then by starting the whole plantation anew. Reducing the company's liability is an interesting option to reduce its exposure to risk. Conclusions: Modifications of the company's liability allows for the inclusion of private insurance contracts against plantation failure. |
| Keywords: | Forest, Regeneration, Plantation, Drought, Insurance, Costs |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03998594&r=env |
| By: | LOMINE, LOYKIE |
| Abstract: | The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is generating considerable debate, including in business schools. Drawing insights from recent publications (both academic and journalistic) and from examples of business schools around the world, this paper explores the potential of AI as a catalyst for sustainable education. It is structured around the alignment of AI's educational benefits with four of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Key findings suggest that AI's capabilities in offering personalized learning experiences, fostering innovation, promoting responsible consumption and bolstering sustainable partnerships position IA as an essential tool for business schools. This paper ultimately advocates for the deliberate and strategic integration of AI to further the mission of sustainability education of business schools worldwide. |
| Date: | 2024–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:64y38&r=env |
| By: | SHIRASU Yoko; SUZUKI Katsushi; Sadok EL GHOUL |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of the awareness gap between asset owners and asset managers on environmental and social (ES) investments, using the signing of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investing (PRI) by the Japanese Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) as an exogenous shock. The results show that the ES scores of firms that received investments from GPIF-entrusted asset managers who had also already signed the PRI improved after the GPIF signed the PRI, but the ES scores of asset managers who had signed the PRI but had not been commissioned by the GPIF did not improve. These results suggest that the agreement on ES investment between asset owners and asset managers plays a more important role in facilitating firms’ ES activities. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24016&r=env |
| By: | Phillips, Willard; Thorne, Elizabeth; Chong Ling, Esther |
| Abstract: | Vehicle traffic congestion produces significant economic costs in most cities and metropolitan regions of the world. It is also a significant source of green house gas emissions as well as other air pollutants which in turn contribute to major health risks. Traffic congestion also generates additional impacts including stress, fatigue and depression among commuters, and is possibly linked to increased antisocial behaviour and diminished road safety. The problem has become a major challenge among Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS), especially in the context of the subregion’s growing urbanization and increasing levels of motorization over the past three decades. And while several studies have been undertaken for other countries and regions around the world, the phenomenon has not benefitted from such inquiry in Caribbean countries. The present study seeks to contribute to remedying this deficiency by assessing the economic costs of vehicle traffic congestion in one Caribbean case country – Trinidad and Tobago. Towards this end, a survey was conducted to glean insights into commuters’ traffic congestion experience in terms of location and time delays, and collected data were used to estimate a Value of Lost Time as a measure of direct economic costs. The assessment suggests that vehicle traffic congestion imposes a direct economic burden of roughly 1.37% of annual GDP on Trinidad and Tobago. This measure represents a lower bound estimate of economic costs, given that it does not include other social and environmental costs typically associated with the phenomenon. This estimate is likey to have important public policy implications for the country, as it seeks to implement strategies for mitigating the problem in the future. |
| Date: | 2024–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col033:68801&r=env |
| By: | Lu Han; Stephan Heblich; Christopher Timmins; Yanos Zylberberg |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the value of urban trees. The empirical strategy exploits an ecological catastrophe — the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) infestation in Toronto to isolate exogenous variation in neighborhood tree canopy changes. Adding one tree to a postcode increases property prices by 0.40%; the hardest-hit areas lost 7% tree cover, resulting in a 6% property price decline. The tree premium includes the value of tree services and aesthetics. Our results demonstrate a significant impact of trees on mitigating urban heat and generating energy savings. However, the total amenity value of trees exceeds the combined value of these services. |
| JEL: | Q4 Q51 Q54 R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32063&r=env |
| By: | Zorbas, Christina; Resnick, Danielle; Jones, Eleanor; Suri, Shoba; Iruhiriye, Elyse; Headey, Derek D.; Martin, Will; Vos, Rob; Arndt, Channing; Menon, Purnima |
| Abstract: | Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2), Zero Hunger, by 2030 is in jeopardy due to slowing and unequal economic growth, climate shocks, the COVID-19 pandemic, conflict, lackluster efforts toward investing in food system sustainability and agricultural productivity growth, and persistent barriers to open food trade. Nevertheless, numerous commitments to achieving SDG 2 have been repeatedly expressed by Heads of State and Ministers at diverse global meetings since the SDGs became a focus in 2015. To identify the intensity and degree of convergence of commitments that national governments have collectively made to realizing SDG 2, this paper provides a qualitative assessment of statements from more than 68 global meetings and 107 intergovernmental commitment documents since 2015. Analyzing these commitments against seven critical factors necessary for impact at scale, we find that stated intentions to solve the global food security and hunger challenge have become more pronounced at global meetings over time, especially in the wake of the crises. However, the intent to act is not consistently matched by commitments to specific actions that could help accelerate reductions in hunger. For instance, while increased financing is often recognized as a priority to reach SDG 2, few commitments in global fora relate to detailed costing of required investments. Similarly, many commitment statements lack specificity regarding what and how policy interventions should be scaled up for greater action on SDG 2 or the ways to enhance different stakeholders’ capacities to implement them. While horizontal coherence was mentioned across most global fora, it was only present in about half of the commitment statements, with even less recognition of the necessity for vertical coherence from global to local levels. Despite global acknowledgement of the importance of accountability and monitoring, usually by way of progress reports, we find few consequences for governments that do not act on commitments made in global fora. We discuss the implications of these findings and offer recommendations for how to strengthen the commitment-making process to help accelerate actions that can reduce food insecurity and hunger and augment the legitimacy of global meetings. This work can inform the policy advocacy community focused on SDG 2 and those engaged in catalyzing and supporting intergovernmental action on other SDGs. Our findings reiterate the importance of attention to global governance and the political economy of global meetings—which is necessary to strengthen our focus on delivering outcomes that put the world on a path that brings the solution to the problems of global hunger and food insecurity within reach. |
| Keywords: | food security; diet; accountability; food policies; hunger; governance; nutrition |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2238&r=env |
| By: | KOMETANI Kazumochi |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an alternative framework for the international economy, based on the concern that superpowers such as the United States and the EU have increasingly adopted so-called production process and method (PPM) measures, which restrict or deny benefits to imports or other economic activities in their territory because of environmental protection, labor protection, and other non-product-related aspects of production or other economic activities in any foreign jurisdiction. While these measures may contribute to improvement in the level of environmental protection, and so on, which is necessary to achieve “sustainable development, †they would generate inefficiency by forcing middle or small countries to adopt standards designed by superpowers for their own economies. Furthermore, middle or small countries see no merit in allowing PPM measures because their economic power is insufficient to effectuate their own PPM measures, unlike superpowers. This article analyzes the ITO Charter, which was negotiated and agreed upon as the predecessor to the GATT but did not come into force, and finds that it was intended to establish a framework whereunder each Member undertakes the primary responsibility for labor protection, economic development, and other matters within its own territory, and other Members and the ITO and other international organizations assist Members’ efforts. Accordingly, the Charter contemplates that any complaint about other Members’ domestic policies be exclusively addressed by a political organ of the ITO, which represents all Members, thus enabling the ITO to use it for rulemaking as well, while prohibiting any PPM measures taken as unilateral countermeasures. This framework should be considered as “the ITO Charter model†for the international economic order for the †sustainable development†by “middle powers.†|
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24014&r=env |
| By: | Andor, Mark Andreas; Götte, Lorenz; Price, Michael Keith; Schulze Tilling, Anna; Tomberg, Lukas |
| Abstract: | We compare the behavior and welfare effects of two popular behavioral interventions for resource conservation. The first intervention is social comparison reports (SC), primarily providing consumers with information motivating behavioral change. The second intervention is real-time feedback (RTF), primarily providing consumers with information facilitating behavioral change. In a field experiment with around 1, 000 participants, SC reduces water use per shower by 9.4%, RTF by 28.8%, and the combination of both interventions by 35.0%. Participants' willingness to pay for RTF and the combination is higher than for SC. We find that all interventions enhance welfare. |
| Abstract: | Wir vergleichen die Verhaltens- und Wohlfahrtseffekte von zwei populären verhaltensökonomischen Interventionen zur Ressourcenschonung. Bei der ersten Intervention handelt es sich um soziale Vergleichsberichte, die den Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern Informationen zur Verfügung stellen, die in erster Linie zu Verhaltensänderungen motivieren. Bei der zweiten Intervention handelt es sich um Echtzeit-Feedback, das den Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern Informationen zur Verfügung stellt, die Verhaltensänderungen in erster Linie erleichtern. In einem Feldexperiment mit rund 1.000 Teilnehmenden reduzieren soziale Vergleichsberichte den Wasserverbrauch pro Dusche um 9, 4 %, Echtzeit-Feedback um 28, 8 % und die Kombination beider Interventionen um 35, 0 %. Die Bereitschaft dem Teilnehmenden, für Echtzeit-Feedback und die Kombination zu zahlen, ist höher als für soziale Vergleichsberichte. Wir stellen fest, dass alle getesteten Interventionen wohlfahrtssteigernd sind. |
| Keywords: | Resource conservation, welfare, real-time feedback, social comparison, behavioral intervention, field experiment |
| JEL: | D12 C93 Q25 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:282012&r=env |
| By: | Kathrine von Graevenitz; Elisa Rottner |
| Abstract: | Climate change is the result of global market failure and remedying the situation requires effective policy action. Climate policies often increase energy prices thereby affecting all actors in the economy. Concerns about competitiveness impacts of unilateral policies hamper the development of effective policies. We provide causal evidence on how industrial plants respond to electricity price increases. Our research design uses exogenous variation in German electricity prices in combination with detailed administrative data on German manufacturing plants. We find that rising electricity prices led German manufacturing plants to significantly reduce their electricity procurement with an own-price elasticity of -0.4 to -0.6 on average and substantial variation across procurement levels. They also induced industrial users to replace electricity procurement by electricity generated onsite contributing to a decentralization of electricity generation. We find no statistically significant negative effects on competitiveness indicators. |
| Keywords: | Electricity use, firm performance, climate policy |
| JEL: | D22 L60 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_504&r=env |
| By: | Samuel Rufat (CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, PLACES - EA 4113 - PLACES - Laboratoire de géographie et d'aménagement - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université); Iuliana Armas (UniBuc - University of Bucharest); Victor Santoni (MRTE - EA 4112 - Laboratoire Mobilités, Réseaux, Territoires, Environnements - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université); Cosmina Albulescu (UniBuc - University of Bucharest); Karsten Uhing (Fraunhofer IML - Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics - Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft - Fraunhofer); Mariana de Brito (UFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research); Paul Hudson (University of York [York, UK]) |
| Abstract: | The Fourth ECRP conference in June 2023 in Bucharest, Romania, has gathered again our two communities, the Risk Perception and Behaviour Survey of Surveyors (Risk-SoS) and the H2020-DRS-01 Cluster on risk perception and adaptive behaviour (a grouping of several Horizon Europe projects). The ECRP conference cycle aims to contribute to improve the ability of researchers in the field to work together and build cumulative knowledge, fostering scientific communication and collaborative learning, ultimately leading to joint research publications and projects. This cycle emerged in response to the challenges posed by the current fragmentation of the studies of risk perceptions and how perceptions influence behaviour. It remains unclear why people fail to act adaptively to reduce future losses, even when there is ever richer information available on a wide range of hazards (flood, drought, earthquakes, etc). The current collection of seemingly independent case studies hinders comparability and transferability across scales and contexts and hampers recommendations for policy and risk management. Another challenge derives from the lack of a robust theoretical base and the apparent path dependency of design choices routinely based on previous research, consolidating the predominance of socio-psychological theories and methodological individualism, which are often non-contextual. A greater diversity of theoretical frameworks could lead to increased attention to socioecological processes and the socio-cultural context of risk, which might be critical for case studies cross-validation. |
| Keywords: | Mitigation, Disaster, Response, Disaster management, Hazard, Risk perception, Behaviour, Adaptation, Risk |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04401500&r=env |
| By: | Manuela Cerimelo (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP); Pablo de la Vega (IIE-FCE-UNLP); Natalia Porto (IIE-FCE-UNLP); Franco Vazquez (IIE-FCE-UNLP) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates wage differentials between green and non-green jobs (wage greenium) in nine major Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay), which account for 81% of the region’s GDP. We contribute to the recent literature highlighting a positive wage gap for those working in green jobs in developed countries. A positive wage gap for green jobs may be a virtuous market feature, as it means that in the future workers might be encouraged to switch to greener occupations. To do so, we define green jobs as those occupations with high greenness scores using the occupational approach as in Vona et al. (2018), Vona (2021) and de la Vega et al. (2024). Our results suggest that the wage greenium for the period 2012-2019 in Latin America was between 18% to 22%. Moreover, this wage gap has remained relatively stable over the years. |
| JEL: | E24 Q50 J31 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dls:wpaper:0325&r=env |
| By: | Kolev-Schaefer, Galina; Neligan, Adriana |
| Abstract: | After the agreement of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU in December 2023, a few formal steps remain to introduce the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). The legislation is intended to improve environmental and labor standards along the chain of international activities of European companies. However, the scope is far-reaching, and its implementation will be associated with significant costs of compliance. Thus, the directive will not only deteriorate the competitiveness of European companies but also endanger the economic development of developing and emerging economies because their attractiveness as suppliers of intermediate or final products for the European market will significantly decrease. The experience with supply chain due diligence regulations from EU member states supports these arguments. The present paper investigates the adverse effects of the German supply chain act one year after its introduction by using trade data and the results of a recent survey among German companies: ◼ Trade data: It shows that imports in the high-risk sector of apparel from countries with problematic enforcement of sustainability standards like Bangladesh and Pakistan have decreased by more than 20 percent since the introduction of the law. This development seems not to be driven by shrinking demand in Germany but is rather an early sign of trade diversion due to this non-tariff barrier to trade especially with these countries. ◼ Company survey: Furthermore, survey results indicate that the range of companies affected by the existing German regulation is much wider than those directly covered by the law as many companies are indirectly affected as customers or suppliers. More than one out of eight companies have decided to purchase products or produce increasingly in countries with high human rights and environmental protection standards. For directly and indirectly affected firms the share is even 22 per cent. This explains at least partly the drop in imports from countries with weak governance. As it cannot be ruled out that supply chain regulations negatively impact development in third countries, there is a need for more experience and time to design the CSDDD in a way that it does not only represent a burden for European companies and disadvantage for developing countries. The scope should be restrained to reduce legal uncertainty and increased only gradually as soon as European companies are prepared for the next step of the implementation. Generally, a risk-based approach is preferable, where companies are obliged to monitor and report on the sustainability of their supply chains only when there is clear evidence of high risks of non-compliance with sound environmental and labor standards. Furthermore, the obligations to monitor the production conditions of intermediate products should be constrained to the direct suppliers like in the German approach instead of covering the whole chain of activities, as it is barely possible for companies to trace the whole chain of activities associated with the production of intermediate products - especially for highly complex products. The proposed CSDDD needs to undergo a major review to assure that it effectively improves production conditions abroad without significant negative side effects and risks for economic development in developing and emerging economies. |
| Keywords: | Lieferkette, Due Diligence, Rechenschaftspflicht, Deutschland |
| JEL: | F18 Q56 Q01 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkrep:282995&r=env |
| By: | Kindler, Gareth; Kelly, Nick; Carden, Tim; Watson, James E.M. |
| Abstract: | Despite public support for conservation, Australian government policy responses have been insufficient for addressing the biodiversity crisis. This situation represents a disconnect between political decision-makers and the public. Digital interventions offer a promising tool for bridging this connection through education and political engagement at the constituency level. We present the conceptual foundations, design, and impact of Threatened Australians, a web-based application aimed at constituency-based awareness raising and facilitating of political actions. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we curated nine data sets including species threats and the voting history of elected representatives to communicate the plight of 1717 species across 151 electoral districts. The app received 17, 235 users across all electoral districts over a six-week period around the 2022 Australian federal election. We discuss the design intentions, impact, and lessons learnt such as trade-offs in navigating data limitations and the benefits of following scientific frameworks. The app demonstrates a case study in augmenting conservation efforts with digital approaches to bridge the gap between public conservation sentiment and government policy. |
| Date: | 2024–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vbn84&r=env |
| By: | Chatman, Daniel G. PhD; Barbour, Elisa PhD; Kerzhner, Tamara; Manville, Michael PhD; Reid, Carolina PhD |
| Abstract: | This report presents analytical review of empirical research on the interactions between housing availability and production, and travel behavior, accessibility, land use policies, and transportation policies. It identifies lessons from this review for California state legislative efforts to improve housing and transportation linkages, and to increase both transportation sustainability and housing affordability. Relevant California state efforts include legislation to influence parking standards; to require up-zoning near transit stations; to influence regional housing and transportation planning goals; and to change environmental review to focus on reducing vehicle miles traveled instead of accommodating road traffic. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Housing, travel behavior, accessibility, policy analysis, land use, incentives, regulation |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt03z7t8r1&r=env |
| By: | Rachel Levy (ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville, LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); Jean-Pierre del Corso (UT - Université de Toulouse, LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville) |
| Abstract: | The communication aims at better understanding how agricultural education students are tackling the issue of climate change. For this, it investigates how their presence in three contrasting cultural spaces, the school, the social networks and their living territories shape their beliefs on the subject and endow them with a power of intermediation in the said spaces. The study highlights that these three cultural spaces contribute each in their own way to forging the opinions of students and that if they provide an intermediary function within the cultural spaces considered, it is in the living areas and mainly in the rural areas that they assume this function most actively and thus act as true operators of institutional change. |
| Abstract: | La communication vise à mieux comprendre comment des étudiants de l'enseignement agricole se positionnent face à la question du changement climatique. Pour cela, elle examine en quoi et comment leur présence dans trois espaces culturels contrastés-l'école, les réseaux sociaux et les territoires de vie-façonnent leurs croyances sur le sujet et les dotent d'un pouvoir d'intermédiation dans lesdits espaces. L'étude met en évidence que ces trois espaces culturels contribuent chacun à leur manière à forger leurs opinions. Par ailleurs, elle montre que si les étudiants assurent une fonction d'intermédiaire au sein des espaces culturels considérés, c'est dans les territoires de vie, et principalement dans les territoires ruraux, qu'ils assument le plus activement cette fonction et agissent ainsi en véritables opérateurs du changement institutionnel. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Agricultural education, Culture, Institutional change, Intermediation, intermédiaires territoriaux, changement climatique, enseignement agricole, culture, changement institutionnel, intermédiation |
| Date: | 2023–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04427048&r=env |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report assesses the current state of water transport employment in Europe and links it to water transport governance. Authorities generally consider the skillset required by employees in water transport strategically important. However, evolving governance frameworks might have undermined the possibility of maintaining these skills in Europe. This report assesses incoherence in government policies and provides recommendations for reform to ensure the relevant skills needed in water transport can be maintained. |
| Date: | 2023–08–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:119-en&r=env |
| By: | DesRoches, C. Tyler |
| Abstract: | Review of “A History of Ecological Economic Thought” by Marco P. Vianna Franco and Antoine Missemer. |
| Date: | 2024–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ruasz&r=env |
| By: | Molly J Doruska; Christopher B Barrett; Jason R Rohr |
| Abstract: | Infectious disease can reduce labor productivity and incomes, trapping subpopulations in a vicious cycle of ill health and poverty. Efforts to boost African farmers' agricultural production through fertilizer use can inadvertently promote the growth of aquatic vegetation that hosts disease vectors. Recent trials established that removing aquatic vegetation habitat for snail intermediate hosts reduces schistosomiasis infection rates in children, while converting the harvested vegetation into compost boosts agricultural productivity and incomes. Our model illustrates how this ecological intervention changes the feedback between the human and natural systems, potentially freeing rural households from poverty-disease traps. We develop a bioeconomic model that interacts an analytical microeconomic model of agricultural households' behavior, health status and incomes over time with a dynamic model of schistosomiasis disease ecology. We calibrate the model with field data from northern Senegal. We show analytically and via simulation that local conversion of invasive aquatic vegetation to compost changes the feedbacks among interlinked disease, aquatic and agricultural systems, reducing schistosomiasis infection and increasing incomes relative to the current status quo, in which villagers rarely remove vegetation. Aquatic vegetation removal disrupts the poverty-disease trap by reducing habitat for snails that vector the infectious helminth and by promoting production of compost that returns to agricultural soils nutrients that currently leach into surface water from on-farm fertilizer applications. The result is healthier people, more productive labor, cleaner water, more productive agriculture, and higher incomes. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.17384&r=env |
| By: | Mameno, Kota; HSU, Chia-Hsuan; TSUGE, Takahiro; ONUMA, Ayumi; KUBO, Takahiro |
| Abstract: | Wildlife overexploitation is a significant challenge in biodiversity conservation. Regulation can enforce consumer behaviour change to be biodiversity-friendly but also cause unintended negative impacts. A quantitative investigation of consumer preference for alternative goods is needed before the regulation intervention. This study focused on a case of Japanese eels that are threatened with extinction due to commercial fishery and overfishing and clarified potential alternative choices after the market regulations. This study employed a best–worst scaling technique. Our analysis specifies the two consumer groups; approximately 30% of consumers (“Potential Illegal” group) may select illegal eel consumption as their second-best preference. The Potential Illegal group tends to contain males, younger, and people who eat eels once or more annually, in comparison to the other group. Our findings can contribute to setting effective regulations as useful information about potential consumer choice changes. |
| Date: | 2024–02–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:f3hwj&r=env |
| By: | Benink, Harald (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Huizinga, Harry (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Raes, Louis (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Zhang, Lishu (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research) |
| Keywords: | Carbon Intensity; divestment; Foreign Investment |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:2f31c2d5-58ef-4b23-b929-abf4bbd0b09e&r=env |
| By: | Elisa Prin (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Emmanuelle Reynaud (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Fast fashion, criticised for its disastrous impact on the environment and its exploitation of cheap labour around the world, is being forced to rethink its business model to incorporate an ethical dimension. However, the implementation of a CSR strategy seems highly compromised, as competitive advantage is mainly driven by low prices. The aim of this research is to identify the CSR actions that fast-fashion companies can adopt without compromising their economic performance and competitive advantage, based on the case of one of the sector's leaders: Inditex. Based on the global performance model (Reynaud, 2003), we have identified several environmental and social actions that can have a positive impact on the economic performance of a fast-fashion company. The originality of our results lies in the extension of the scope of actions considered beneficial for the company in Reynaud's (2003) global performance model, by including the supply chain. |
| Keywords: | Fast fashion, Global performance, CSR |
| Date: | 2023–10–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04431028&r=env |
| By: | Paul Dutronc-Postel (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Arthur Guillouzouic (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Clément Malgouyres (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Rachel Paya (ESSEC Business School, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Laurent Bach (ESSEC Business School) |
| Abstract: | Présentation Qui sont les entreprises françaises qui contribuent le plus aux émissions de CO2 de l'industrie française, et quelles sont leurs caractéristiques ? Quels dispositifs de réduction des émissions de CO2 s'appliquent à elles, et selon quelles modalités ? Quel rôle insoupçonné peuvent avoir les outils fiscaux généraux, a priori sans visée environnementale ? Cette note répond successivement à ces trois questions, et propose un premier cadre d'analyse pour l'évaluation ex ante des mesures de politiques publiques à destination des entreprises. Nous documentons la distribution de l'intensité carbone dans le tissu industriel français, ainsi que les tarifications effectives du carbone auxquelles sont soumis différents types d'entreprises. Enfin, nous examinons le ciblage carbone implicite de différents dispositifs fiscaux sans visée environnementale. Résultats clés Les émissions de CO2 du secteur industriel sont extrêmement concentrées ; 10 % de la valeur ajoutée représentent 75 % des émissions de CO2. Cette forte concentration est en grande partie tirée par des effets sectoriels ; la métallurgie, la chimie, les minéraux métalliques (comme le ciment), et le papier/carton sont les secteurs les plus intenses en CO2. Deux grands régimes de tarification effective du CO2 cohabitent dans l'industrie : celle des établissements soumis au marché du carbone (SCEQE, 70 % des émissions), dont la tarification effective augmente avec le temps ; et celle des établissements hors SCEQE (30 % des émissions), gelée de 2018 à 2024. En 2019, la tarification effective du CO2 des entreprises les plus émettrices est plus faible (31€/tCO2e) que celle des entreprises les moins émettrices (47€/tCO2e). En 2022, elle est plus élevée (84€/tCO2e contre 60€/tCO2e). L'allocation de quotas gratuits, dont le volume représente, en 2022, 90 % des émissions réalisées par le secteur industriel, abaisse considérablement le poids effectif du marché carbone pour les entreprises qui y sont soumises. Par leur ciblage implicite, les dispositifs fiscaux sans visée environnementale peuvent avoir un effet sur les émissions industrielles totales. En 2019, le niveau de la contribution économique territoriale (les « impôts de production », fortement allégés dans le plan France Relance) est substantiellement plus élevé pour les 10 % des entreprises les plus intenses en CO2 (3 % de la valeur ajoutée), que pour les 10 % les moins intenses (1, 2 %). Une suppression de ces impôts bénéficie donc davantage aux entreprises très émettrices. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ipppap:halshs-04439232&r=env |
| By: | Valiente, Regina; Heckert, Jessica; Paz, Flor; Cabnal, Edwin |
| Abstract: | Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls is reflected across policy priorities at global and national levels. Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) seeks to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. Moreover, the Government of Guatemala, through the Presi dential Secretariat for Women (SEPREM), has supported these priorities through the National Policy for the Promotion and Comprehensive Development of Women and the Equality of Opportunities Plan 2008-2023, particularly under its Equitable Economic and Productive Development policy line, which gives the agenda a thematic focus on women’s economic empowerment. Both policy instruments are designed to guide public institutions in achieving the goals that have been set by the Council of Minis ters of Women of Central America and the Dominican Republic (COMMCA). Economic empowerment is one of the main lines of policy action under the Regional Policy on Gender Equality and Equity of SICA (PRIEG/SICA). As such, women’s economic empowerment is being prioritized at the national level in Guatemala, and also at the regional level across Central America and the Dominican Republic. |
| Keywords: | gender equality; women's empowerment; policies; development; economic aspects; women; Sustainable Development Goals; GUATEMALA; LATIN AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:137089&r=env |
| By: | Amy Finkelstein; Matthew J. Notowidigdo; Frank Schilbach; Jonathan Zhang |
| Abstract: | We leverage spatial variation in the severity of the Great Recession across the United States to examine its impact on mortality and to explore implications for the welfare consequences of recessions. We estimate that an increase in the unemployment rate of the magnitude of the Great Recession reduces the average, annual age-adjusted mortality rate by 2.3 percent, with effects persisting for at least 10 years. Mortality reductions appear across causes of death and are concentrated in the half of the population with a high school degree or less. We estimate similar percentage reductions in mortality at all ages, with declines in elderly mortality thus responsible for about three-quarters of the total mortality reduction. Recession-induced mortality declines are driven primarily by external effects of reduced aggregate economic activity on mortality, and recession-induced reductions in air pollution appear to be a quantitatively important mechanism. Incorporating our estimates of pro-cyclical mortality into a standard macroeconomics framework substantially reduces the welfare costs of recessions, particularly for people with less education, and at older ages where they may even be welfare-improving. |
| JEL: | E3 I1 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32110&r=env |
| By: | Patrick Guillaumont (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Sylviane Guillaumont Jeanneney (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | Le Sommet de Paris pour un Nouveau Pacte financier mondial de juin 2023 avait été initialement annoncé comme devant répondre à la situation des pays vulnérables ou, dit autrement, aux situations de vulnérabilité, en particulier à la vulnérabilité au changement climatique. Le soutien aux pays vulnérables demeure l'un des quatre principes du Pacte de Paris pour les peuples et la planète (4P) issu de ce sommet. Quels que soient les affectations sectorielles ou les instruments financiers préconisés, il est nécessaire de s'assurer que les financements mobilisés, s'ajoutant à ceux existants, vont bien bénéficier aux pays vulnérables ou répondre aux situations de vulnérabilité. |
| Keywords: | Vulnérabilité, Aide au développement, Pays les moins avancés |
| Date: | 2024–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04428726&r=env |
| By: | Shin, Kiseok; Grant, Jason; He, Xi; Arita, Shawn; Sydow, Sharon; Tomlin, Hazelle; Jones, Jason |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats23:339521&r=env |
| By: | Mohammed Kharbouche (PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Date: | 2023–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04362960&r=env |
| By: | León, Daniel; Abdulkadri, Abdullahi |
| Abstract: | This study assesses international migration trends in 28 Caribbean countries from 2000 to 2020 and discusses the implications of these trends for different aspects of sustainable development in the subregion. It is well-documented that the Caribbean is a subregion that has exhibited net emigration, but this trend has intensified over the last two decades, with Global North regions representing the main destination of Caribbean emigrants. Although immigration to the Caribbean increased from 2000 to 2020, this increase was less substantial than that recorded for emigration from the subregion. By 2020, intra-Caribbean migration stocks accounted for just over half of all immigration stocks in the subregion, showing growing intra-Caribbean mobility of persons. International migration trends in the Caribbean, particularly emigration from the subregion, have implications for the subregion’s sustainable development, and these are reflected in indicators such as international financial flows, demographic dynamics, and labour productivity. In general, the high net emigrant stock of the Caribbean directly correlates with remittance inflows to the subregion. Furthermore, many countries of the subregion with ageing populations stand to gain from increased immigration as it rejuvenates their labour forces. However, with highly skilled labour constituting a large and growing proportion of the net emigrant stocks, the resulting brain drain in the Caribbean could have a more profound impact on the sustainable development of the subregion. Available data showed that most countries with net emigration during the period covered by this study experienced negative or stagnant labour productivity levels. Considering the importance of quality data in assessing international migration trends, it is pertinent to collect, analyse, and disseminate international migration data in the Caribbean following international standards and best practices to facilitate optimal use of the subregion’s international migration statistics. This study has revealed some advances and gaps among Caribbean countries in producing international migration data. Some Caribbean countries have included questions on international migration in their national censuses, household surveys, and labour force surveys. Nevertheless, gaps remain in collecting international migration indicators, especially those related to labour and international university student mobility. Leveraging administrative data, inter-agency coordination, and international cooperation can help countries improve the collection of international migration data, thereby enhancing national statistical capacity in the Caribbean. |
| Date: | 2024–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col033:68841&r=env |
| By: | Florian Diekert; Daniel Heyen; Frikk Nesje; Soheil Shayegh |
| Abstract: | Early warning signals (EWS) of imminent regime shifts can be identified through the observation of a system’s behavior under increasing stress and before crossing a tipping point. Despite many advances in the detection of EWS in recent years, EWS are yet to find direct application in management. Here, we focus on operationalizing the EWS information in an early warning system consisting of a tipping indicator (e.g., autocorrelation), whose value increases as the system approaches the tipping point, and a trigger value, beyond which an EWS is sent. We demonstrate how such an early warning system allows managers to balance the risk of tipping by providing information for updating their belief about the location of the tipping point. In particular, deployment of an early warning system results in taking more cautious early steps while it encourages more risk taking behavior in later stages if no EWS is sent. We uncover a tension between better information about the location of the tipping point and increased risk of crossing it as a result of EWS. Our framework complements the emerging EWS knowledge in the natural sciences with a better understanding of how, when, and why EWS improve management. |
| Keywords: | catastrophic regime shifts, tipping points, early warning signals, learning, optimal ecosystem management |
| JEL: | C61 D83 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10892&r=env |
| By: | Sophie Louey (UPJV - Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURAPP-ESS - Centre universitaire de recherches sur l'action publique et le politique. Epistémologie et Sciences sociales - UMR CNRS 7319 - UPJV - Université de Picardie Jules Verne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, CSO - Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pierre Robert (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Cette communication interroge l'économie des communs à partir d'une enquête menée à la ChairESS Hauts-de-France depuis 2017 sur « l'écosystème » des communs de la MEL (Gardin et Robert, 2018). Cet écosystème, associant entre autres deux associations (la Compagnie des Tiers Lieux, l'ANIS) et une CAE (Opteos). Ces collectifs fonctionnent avec un budget contributif où les contributrices et contributeurs aux projets communs auto-évaluent leur travail/engagement pour se rémunérer. Le recours au modèle contributif soulève des questionnements sur les modèles économiques et les formes de travail dans les communs. Quels sont les modèles utilisés et à quoi correspond le modèle « contributif » ? Comment estime-t-on les « valeurs » des contributions ? Quels sont les profils sociologiques des contributeurs et des contributrices ? Comment, en pratique, contribuent-ils et elles et comment se rémunèrent-ils et elles ? |
| Date: | 2022–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04321998&r=env |
| By: | Peng, Xue; Shen, Jinhu |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats22:339443&r=env |