|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Dück, Alexander; Le, Anh H. |
| Abstract: | Climate change has become one of the most prominent concerns globally. In this paper, we study the transition risk of greenhouse gas emission reduction in structural environmental-macroeconomic DSGE models. First, we analyze the uncertainty in model prediction on the effect of unanticipated and pre-announced carbon price increases. Second, we conduct optimal model-robust policy in different settings. We find that reducing emissions by 40% causes 0.7% - 4% output loss with 2% on average. Pre-announcement of carbon prices affects the inflation dynamics significantly. The central bank should react slightly less to inflation and output growth during the transition risk. With optimal carbon price designs, it should react even less to inflation, and more to output growth. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Environmental policy, Optimal policy, Transition risk, Model uncertainty, DSGE models |
| JEL: | Q58 E32 Q54 C11 E17 E52 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:imfswp:187&r=env |
| By: | Destek, Mehmet Akif; Oguz, İbrahim Halil; Okumus, Nuh |
| Abstract: | Background: The adoption of growth strategies based on foreign trade, especially in the previous century when liberal policies began to dominate, is one of the main reasons for the increase in output and indirectly for environmental concerns. On the other hand, there are complex claims about the environmental effects of liberal policies and thus of globalization. Objectives: This study intends to analyze the effects of global collaborations involving 11 transition economies that have completed the transition process on the environmentally sustainable development of these nations. Research Design: In this direction, the effects of financial and commercial globalization indices on carbon emissions are investigated. The distinctions of globalization are used to distinguish the consequences of the two types of globalization. Subjects: In doing so, the de facto and de jure indicator distinctions of globalization are used to differentiate the consequences of two types of globalization. In addition, the effects of real GDP, energy efficiency, and use of renewable energy on environmental pollution are dissected. Measures: For the main purpose of the study, the CS-ARDL estimation technique that allows cross-sectional dependency among observed countries is used to separate the short and long-run influences of explanatory variables. In addition, CCE-MG estimator is used for robustness check. Results: According to the empirical findings, the economic growth and increasing energy intensity increases carbon emissions, but the increase in renewable energy consumption improves environmental quality. Furthermore, trade globalization does not have a significant impact on the environment in the context of globalization. On the other hand, the increase in de facto and de jure financial globalization indices results in an increase in carbon emissions, but de jure financial globalization causes more environmental damage. Conclusions: The harmful impact of de jure financial globalization on environmental quality suggests that the decreasing investment restrictions and international investment agreements of transition countries have been implemented in a manner that facilitates the relocation of investments from pollution-intensive industries to these countries. |
| Keywords: | Financial globalization, Trade globalization, De Facto, De Jure, Carbon emissions, Energy efficiency |
| JEL: | F18 F64 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117735&r=env |
| By: | Li, Yi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335609&r=env |
| By: | Lachhab, Rania |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335795&r=env |
| By: | Okhunjanov, Botir B.; McCluskey, Jill J. |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336011&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Youngho |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335971&r=env |
| By: | Yim, Hyungsun |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335591&r=env |
| By: | Linsenmeier, Manuel |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335474&r=env |
| By: | Schmid, Anna |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335671&r=env |
| By: | Serhan Cevik, João Tovar Jalles |
| Abstract: | Policymakers across the world are striving to tackle the century-defining challenge of climate change without undermining potential growth. This paper examines the impact of structural reforms in the energy sector (electricity and gas) on enviromental outcomes and green growth indicators in a panel of 25 advanced economies during the period 1970-2020. We obtain striking results. First, while structural reforms so far failed in reducing greenhouse gas emissions per capita, there is some evidence for greater effectiveness in lowering emissions per unit of GDP. Second, although energy reforms are not associated with higher supply of renewable energy as a share of total energy supply, they appear to stimulate a sustained increase in environmental inventions and patents per capita over the medium term. We also find strong evidence of nonlinear effects, with market-friendly energy reforms leading to better environmental outcomes and green growth in countries with stronger environmental regulations. Looking forward, therefore, structural reforms should be designed not just for market efficiency but also for green growth. |
| Keywords: | Structural reforms; environment; green growth; panel data; local projection; environmmental policy. |
| JEL: | D31 L43 L51 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02782023&r=env |
| By: | Huh, Sun Kyung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes hydrogen policies in key countries and uses the implications carried by the analysis to formulate a strategic framework for the development of the domestic Korean hydrogen industry. A comprehensive national hydrogen strategy is crucial if Korea is to achieve a swift and effective transition to a hydrogen-based economy. The prevailing concerns surrounding climate change and environmental issues have prompted a significant shift in the global energy landscape. Consequently, numerous countries have embraced policies aimed at augmenting the proportion of renewable energy sources in order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This pursuit of an energy transition and efforts toward carbon neutrality have emerged as central tenets of national energy and environmental agendas across the globe. Korea too is a part of this international movement toward cleaner energy and carbon neutrality, exemplified by the Korean government’s promulgation of the Energy Transition Roadmap in 2018. Hydrogen energy addresses a major shortcoming of many renewables: their intermittent nature. They hydrogen sector also contributes to the decarbonization of industries and transportation, and can stimulate economic growth as a burgeoning green sector. Recognizing the pivotal role that the hydrogen industry will play in facilitating the transition toward carbon neutrality, this study ascertains the distinctive features of domestic and international hydrogen industry policies, and proposes a suite of domestic policy strategies based on these findings specifically tailored to the Korean context. |
| Keywords: | hydrogen; hydrogen energy; hydrogen industry; alternative energy; renewable energy; greenhouse gas mitigation; climate change; carbon reduction; emissions reduction; clean energy; green energy; decarbonization; green industry; carbon neutrality; net-zero; Korea |
| JEL: | Q40 Q42 Q43 Q48 Q50 Q53 Q54 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2023_016&r=env |
| By: | Lee, Sangwon (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Consumers and businesses on the demand side worldwide are beginning to look more favorably on tighter carbon regulations, leading players on the supply side to voluntarily launch carbon reduction initiatives. The industrial sector is also under increasing public pressure to minimize energy consumption and cut carbon emissions. Trends in this space include eco-friendly design, enhanced durability and longer usable life, remanufacturing, and recycling. Previous studies such as IPCC (2022) and Allwood et al. (2011) have stressed the importance of material efficiency in reducing carbon emissions in the industrial sector. These studies see material efficiency as a typical demand-side reduction effort. Identifying effective and diverse demand-side mitigation strategies is crucial to overcome the limitations of traditional supply-side industrial carbon reduction strategies. To date, carbon reduction activities in the industrial sector have primarily focused on supplier- or producer-funded energy transition policies, such as substituting fossil-based energy with alternative fuels and expanding renewable energy. In the context of government policies that prioritize supply, such as clean electricity and hydrogen policies, this paper reviews the contemporary discourse on material demand management, recycling, and reuse. |
| Keywords: | materials; material efficiency; carbon mitigation; emissions reduction; climate change; environmental policy; environmental regulation; carbon regulation; waste reduction; resource circularity; consumption reduction; sustainability; sustainable growth; sustainable development; Korea |
| JEL: | F18 F64 Q50 Q53 Q54 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2023_017&r=env |
| By: | Olimpia Fontana (Mario Albertini Fellow at Centro Studi sul Federalismo, Torino, Italy) |
| Abstract: | In 2019, the European Commission launched the European Green Deal and outlined its developing model to combat climate change, particularly focused on accelerating the pace of reducing CO2 emissions. Emissions in Europe have thus far been reduced by 20% compared to 1990 values, while now the goal, as the "Fit for 55" package suggests, is to achieve a 55% reduction by 2030 and to reach climate neutrality by 2050. With these commitments, the EU intends to comply with the Paris Agreement by keeping “the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, recognising that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change†(Art. 2(1)(a) of the Agreement).[...] |
| Keywords: | European Commission, European Green Deal, CO2, climate change, carbon pricing, carbon leakage |
| JEL: | E43 E58 F33 F38 F41 F42 G15 H71 |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:azz:ppaper:52&r=env |
| By: | Marco Percoco; Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira; Margaux Lelong; Ludovica Mager |
| Abstract: | Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in achieving climate neutrality and resilience. However, infrastructure is also vulnerable to certain risks, and poor management of infrastructure assets can lead to increased dependency on fossil fuels and lock in climate-related risks. For this reason, an infrastructure governance framework is needed that can direct public investments towards sustainability objectives.To this end, the OECD has provided technical support to the Government of Ireland to strengthen climate-related and environmental considerations in public infrastructure decision making (i.e. strategic planning, project appraisal, budgeting). Building on Irish Public Spending Code and on standardised criteria based on international good practices, this working paper develops a new methodological approach to assessing the climate-related impacts of infrastructure and integrate climate-related risk and uncertainty in the appraisal of infrastructure projects. |
| Keywords: | adaptation, climate, environment, infrastructure, mitigation, public investment |
| JEL: | H54 O18 Q56 O44 |
| Date: | 2023–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaaa:61-en&r=env |
| By: | Francis X. Diebold; Glenn D. Rudebusch |
| Abstract: | Arctic sea ice has steadily diminished as atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have increased. Using observed data from 1979 to 2019, we estimate a close contemporaneous linear relationship between Arctic sea ice area and cumulative carbon dioxide emissions. For comparison, we provide analogous regression estimates using simulated data from global climate models (drawn from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 model comparison exercises). The carbon sensitivity of Arctic sea ice area is considerably stronger in the observed data than in the climate models. Thus, for a given future emissions path, an ice-free Arctic is likely to occur much earlier than the climate models project. Furthermore, little progress has been made in recent global climate modeling (from CMIP5 to CMIP6) to more accurately match the observed carbon-climate response of Arctic sea ice. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.03552&r=env |
| By: | Li, Lingyi |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335573&r=env |
| By: | Kelly Cobourn |
| Abstract: | National climate change adaptation programmes can strengthen agriculture’s resilience to adverse climatic events by investing in absorptive capacity to mitigate the impact of a shock in the short run, adaptive capacity to effect incremental changes in the medium run, and transformative capacity to create fundamentally new agricultural production systems in the long run. Using UNFCCC reporting documents, this analysis takes stock of agricultural climate change adaptation programmes in OECD countries and evaluates their contribution to developing resilience. Significant investments have been undertaken in the creation of decision support tools, the management of soil and water resources, and cultivar selection and breeding to address key agricultural vulnerabilities, namely drought, flooding and declining crop yields. Adaptation programmes developed to date most heavily emphasise adaptive capacity to address sustained and growing climate risks. Actions that contribute to transformative capacity are beginning to emerge, but lag behind medium-run measures. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural production, Climate risk, Content analysis, Transformative capacity |
| JEL: | Q18 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:202-en&r=env |
| By: | Schoniger, F.; Resch, G.; Suna, D.; Hasengst, F.; Pardo-Garcia, N.; Totschnig, G.; Formayer, H.; Maier, P.; Leidinger, D.; Nadeem, Imran |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmicp:337108&r=env |
| By: | Dembele, Moctar; Salvadore, E.; Zwart, Sander; Ceperley, N.; Mariethoz, G.; Schaefli, B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics |
| Date: | 2023–04–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmicp:337106&r=env |
| By: | Mark Keese; Luca Marcolin |
| Abstract: | This study sets out a conceptual framework to analyse the impact of climate change and greenhouse gases mitigation efforts on the labour market, migration flows and people’s health, as well as the most important policy levers that can cushion potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities from the climate transition. |
| JEL: | I18 J08 J2 Q52 Q54 F22 |
| Date: | 2023–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:elsaab:295-en&r=env |
| By: | Rahmawati, Novita; Pandin, Maria Yovita R |
| Abstract: | This study aims to determine the level of understanding and application of the will of cloning in coffee shops in Kedung baruk village. Green accounting is an accounting method that correlates environmental aspects and sustainability regarding the measurement of reporting and financial analysis of an organization aims to integrate environmental and social information into the financial statements of the decision-making process that allows a more comprehensive assessment of social and environmental financial performance. Techniques using observation questionnaires, interviews, documentation to bury research data. Data analysis in conducting this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study are that the coffee shop actors in the new building understand the earthquake and apply it in their operational activities and understand the importance of considering the environmental impact of the coffee shop business taking steps to reduce negative impacts by reducing negative impacts in making handicrafts to protect the environment and there are still some Warkop who do not understand and apply it in their operations. In the way of providing environmental accountability that has gone through the stage of adjustment with various environmental objectives and corporate ideals, environmental costs can be in the form of costs of steps taken, or that must be taken to regulate various environmental impacts on company activities. |
| Date: | 2023–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bwzvy&r=env |
| By: | Berg, Tobias; Carletti, Elena; Claessens, Stijn; Krahnen, Jan Pieter; Monasterolo, Irene; Pagano, Marco |
| Abstract: | Climate risk has become a major concern for financial institutions and financial markets. Yet, climate policy is still in its infancy and contributes to increased uncertainty. For example, the lack of a sufficiently high carbon price and the variety of definitions for green activities lower the value of existing and new capital, and complicate risk management. This column argues that it would be welfare-enhancing if policy changes were to follow a predictable longer-term path. Accordingly, the authors suggest a role for financial regulation in the transition. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Financial Regulation and Banking |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safepl:100&r=env |
| By: | McDermid, Sonali Shukla; Hayek, Matthew; Jamieson, Dale W; Hale, Galina; Kanter, David |
| Abstract: | The global food system, and animal agriculture in particular, is a major and growing contributor to climate change, land system change, biodiversity loss, water consumption and contamination, and environmental pollution. The copious production and consumption of animal products are also contributing to increasingly negative public health outcomes, particularly in wealthy and rapidly industrializing countries, and result in the slaughter of trillions of animals each year. These impacts are motivating calls for reduced reliance on animal-based products and increased use of replacement plant-based products. However, our understanding of how the production and consumption of animal products, as well as plant-based alternatives, interact with important dimensions of human and environment systems is incomplete across space and time. This inhibits comprehensively envisioning global and regional food system transitions and planning to manage the costs and synergies thereof. We therefore propose a cross-disciplinary research agenda on future target-based scenarios for food system transformation that has at its core three main activities: (1) data collection and analysis at the intersection of animal agriculture, the environment, and societal well-being, (2) the construction of target-based scenarios for animal products informed by these new data and empirical understandings, and (3) the evaluation of impacts, unintended consequences, co-benefits, and trade-offs of these target-based scenarios to help inform decision-making. |
| Keywords: | Animal agriculture, Plant based, Scenarios, Zero Hunger, Life on Land, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucscec:qt4x61w83f&r=env |
| By: | Zebrowski, Wesley M. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335861&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Seung Min; Mendelsohn, Robert |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335508&r=env |
| By: | Shunta Yamaguchi |
| Abstract: | Environmental crime is on the rise and is of growing concern to policy makers, to legitimate businesses, and more broadly to the general public. It is growing rapidly worldwide on average at over 8% per year, with an estimated value between USD 110-281 billion in 2018. Emerging issues include wildlife trafficking, illegal timber, illegal mining, illegal chemicals, illegal waste trafficking, and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Environmental crime can have serious implications to human health and the environment, to the global economy, and more broadly to good governance, national security and sustainable development.Addressing these criminal activities affecting the environment is difficult exclusively at the national level as they often extend on a transnational scale. In this context, this report provides a snapshot of cross-border environmental crime and available initiatives to tackle illegal activities at a transnational scale, with a particular focus on multilateral and regional frameworks. The key message from this report is that the increasing prevalence of cross-border environmental crime is due to regulatory failures and the growing involvement of transnational organised crimes, which require an internationally co-ordinated response, both at the multilateral and regional level. |
| Keywords: | environment policy, environmental crime, illegal, illegal chemicals, illegal timber, illegal trade, illegal waste, Trade and environment, trade policy, unreported and unregulated fishing, wildlife tracking |
| JEL: | F18 F64 K42 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaaa:2023/02-en&r=env |
| By: | Nicolas Gratiot; Jérémie Klein; Marceau Challet; Olivier Dangles; Serge Janicot; Miriam Candelas; Géraldine Sarret; Géremy Panthou; Benoît Hingray; Nicolas Champollion; Julien Montillaud; Pascal Bellemain; Odin Marc; Cédric-Stéphane Bationo; Loïs Monnier; Laure Laffont; Marie-Alice Foujols; Véronique Riffault; Liselotte Tinel; Emmanuel Mignot; Nathalie Philippon; Alain Dezetter (HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Alexandre Caron; Guillaume Piton; Aurélie Verney-Carron; Anne Delaballe; Nelly Bardet; Florence Nozay-Maurice; Anne-Sophie Loison; Franck Delbart; Sandrine Anquetin; Françoise Immel; Christophe Baehr; Fabien Malbet (IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Météo-France); Céline Berni; Laurence Delattre (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Vincent Echevin; Elodie Petitdidier; Olivier Aumont; Florence Michau; Nicolas Bijon; Jean-Philippe Vidal (RiverLy - RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sébastien Pinel; Océane Biabiany; Cathy Grevesse; Louise Mimeau; Anne Biarnès; Charlotte Récapet; Morgane Costes-Thiré; Mariline Poupaud; Maialen Barret; Marie Bonnin; Virginie Mournetas; Bernard Tourancheau; Bertrand Goldman; Marie Paule Bonnet; Isabelle Michaud Soret |
| Abstract: | A growing portion of scientists realises the need to not only alert about climate change, but also change their professional practices. A range of tools have emerged to promote more sustainable activities, yet many scientists struggle to go beyond simple awareness-raising to create concrete transition actions. Here we propose a game-based transition support system MaTerre180' , which has been designed to build scenarios of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions in the academic community. After providing a common scientific background about the context (global warming issue, its causes and consequences) and setting up a challenge (50% reduction of carbon budget by 2030), the participants belonging to the academic community and its governance bodies immerse themselves into fictional characters, to simulate the behaviour of real research groups. The game has been deployed during the year 2021, with six hundred participants from nine countries and 50 cities. Results explore clear pathways for GHG reductions between 25 and 60%, and a median reduction of 46%. The alternatives allowing the greatest reduction are video communication tools (36%), followed by mutualization of professional activities and voluntary cancellation or reduction, that represent 22 and 14% of reduction, respectively. The remaining 28% of reduction consists of transport alternative, relocation of professional activities, extended duration of some travels, etc. In addition, the analyses pointed out the importance of the guided negotiation phase to bring out some alternatives such as relocation, local partners and computing optimization. An added value of this transition support system is that the information it collects (anonymously) will be used to answer pressing research questions in climate change science and environmental psychology regarding the use of serious games for promoting changes in attitudes and behaviours towards sustainability, and including broader questions on how network structures influence "climate behaviour", knowledge and the governance of the commons. Modestly, MaTerre180' offers an innovative game-based transition support system to build scenarios of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions in the academic community. It is not simply a question of moving tokens on a virtual gameboard and a playful adjustment of practices, but rather a question of brainstorming about possible and desirable ways of remodelling research and teaching communities and embracing a new paradigm. After tens of workshops, our results show clear pathways for reaching up to 50% GHG reductions and stress the importance of guided negotiations to bring out alternatives to carbonized activities. This first attempt reinforces our belief that scientific engagement is at the heart of the international development agenda and a key approach to tear down the institutional barriers that inhibit the transformation needed to achieve a more sustainable society. |
| Date: | 2023–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04126329&r=env |
| By: | Jussi Lankoski; Kelly Cobourn |
| Abstract: | With half of the world’s habitable land being used for agriculture, monitoring the biodiversity on agricultural land is essential for meeting the objectives of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This paper seeks to advance the monitoring of farmland biodiversity in OECD countries by investigating current national initiatives and proposing guidelines for the development of an indicator based on habitat. The proposed approach provides a flexible and pragmatic framework to harmonise reporting from national programmes while accommodating cross-country diversity in contextual factors, including farming systems, climate, biophysical conditions and species pools. To facilitate implementation in the near term, the indicator includes a three-tiered approach to reporting based on data availability, which accommodates countries with limited data resources as well as those that currently have monitoring programmes in place. |
| Keywords: | Agri-environmental indicator, Agriculture, Ecosystem services, Land cover |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q24 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:201-en&r=env |
| By: | Sanat, Lyazzat |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335885&r=env |
| By: | Jha, Natasha |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335936&r=env |
| By: | Swanson, Andrew C. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335864&r=env |
| By: | Bocci, Corinne F. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335973&r=env |
| By: | Andrea Ugolini; Juan C. Reboredo; Javier Ojea Ferreiro |
| Abstract: | We study whether the credit default swap (CDS) spreads of firms reflect the risk from climate transition. We first construct a climate transition risk (CTR) factor by using information on the vulnerability of a firm’s value to the transition to a low-carbon economy. We then document how this factor shifts the term structure of the CDS spreads of more vulnerable firms but not of less vulnerable firms. Considering the impact of different climate transition policies on the CTR factor, we find that these policies have asymmetric and significant economic impacts on the credit risk of more vulnerable firms, and negligible effects on other firms. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Credit risk management; Econometric and statistical methods |
| JEL: | C24 G12 G32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocawp:23-38&r=env |
| By: | Bruno Cabrillac (Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France); Camille Fabre (Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France); Luc Jacolin (Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France) |
| Abstract: | Climate change has both immediate and long-term consequences on the debt trajectories of developing countries. Their high physical vulnerability to global warming and the in-crease in natural disasters, combined with lower socio-econo-mic resilience (food and agricultural insecurity, high population growth, lack of social safety nets and political instability), are putting a strain on public finances at a time when they already have little budgetary leeway. |
| Date: | 2023–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04125648&r=env |
| By: | Gabriela Nascimento da Silva (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro); Frédéric Lantz (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Pedro Rochedo (UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro); Alexandre Szklo (UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) |
| Abstract: | Hydrogen from renewable sources has been discussed worldwide as a crucial energy carrier for climate change mitigation. It has multiple possibilities of production routes, as well as many current and potential applications. The objective of this research is to develop an optimization model for expanding and operating the hydrogen infrastructure for the promotion of hydrogen markets. The developed model can be applied for every location. It addresses the whole hydrogen value chain, from the H2 production, including water electrolysis and steam reform with and without carbon capture, up to the H2 delivery to consumers via road transportation or pipelines. The model was developed in GAMS language using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MIP). Its objective function is to minimize the total cost of hydrogen supply, subject to demand, CO2 emissions constraints, availability of resources and energy and mass balances of technologies. The model has an hourly discretization and includes options of hydrogen storage, electricity storage, grid electricity use, in addition to mixing different complementary resources and production technologies. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen, Energy, Climate |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04147420&r=env |
| By: | Chu, Yin; Holladay, J. Scott; Qiu, Yun; Tian, Xian-Liang; Zhou, Maigeng |
| Abstract: | We leverage the timing of coalmine accidents to examine the effect of coal mining on air pollution. Safety regulations mandate that coal mining be suspended if a mine experiences an accident with 10 or more fatalities. We use a stacked difference-in-differences approach to compare counties with an accident to those experiencing an accident more than two years earlier or later. We provide evidence that the timing of accidents cannot be predicted. Next, we combine satellite-based air pollution data at the county-day level with the dates of accidents to show that on average, suspending coal mining reduces local air pollution by 8%. Changes in the level of coal consumption do not drive this reduction. We also find significant decreases in respiratory mortality after suspending coal mining with particularly large effects on vulnerable populations. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, coal mining, coalmine accidents, health impacts |
| JEL: | I10 Q40 Q53 R11 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1302&r=env |
| By: | Ohler, Adrienne |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335760&r=env |
| By: | Csaba Burger (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Dariusz Wojcik (University of Oxford, School of Geography and the Environment) |
| Abstract: | Incorporating climate change considerations in central bank decisions has been fraught with legal and technical controversies. Legal, because interpretations of central bank mandates in relation to sustainability has been widely cited as hurdles to the discussion of climate change; and technical, because no methodology used to exist to assess and to measure the impact of climate risks on financial stability. This paper first analyses the spatial and temporal process climate change-related risk analysis spread among central banks by text mining - counting relevant bigrams - in 941 European financial stability reports of 39 central banks in Europe. It then maps climate risk relevant references of these reports. The study argues that geographical proximity played a significant role in the spread of the climate friendly central bank mandate interpretations. It also shows that the ECB, together with representatives of EU national central banks and their technical know-how, played a pivotal role in turning an innovation from being a novel research method into an accepted analytical framework. At the beginning of 2023, it now paves the way a towards a Basel-conform banking regulation within the EU, which reflects climate change risks too. |
| Keywords: | financial geography, central bank mandates, climate change, financial stability, text mining, bigram search, fiduciary duty |
| JEL: | E58 Q54 G17 G21 L38 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnb:opaper:2023/150&r=env |
| By: | Egger, Peter; Keuschnigg, Christian |
| Abstract: | Recycling waste from used goods can substitute for scarce raw materials and reduce resource dependence. This paper presents a model of waste collection, recycling and final goods production using raw and recycled materials. Non-recycled waste must be safely stored by landfill to avoid environmental damage. The costs of waste disposal create externalities. An optimal allocation requires a trash tax to make producers pay for the costs of waste disposal, and an input subsidy to recycling firms to compensate for the savings in disposal costs. We study trade between resource poor economies exporting final goods, and resource rich countries exporting raw materials. We find rich welfare effects of trade policy with non-trivial interactions between terms of trade effects and distortions in recycling and resource extraction. |
| Keywords: | Waste, recycling, externalities, resource dependence, trade |
| JEL: | D62 Q32 Q53 F18 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usg:econwp:2023:06&r=env |
| By: | Wan, Xiaolan; Sun, Hao; Comito, Jaqueline; Zhang, Wendong |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:337153&r=env |
| By: | Abedin, Naveen |
| Keywords: | International Development, Productivity Analysis, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335796&r=env |
| By: | Sheldon, Ian M.; McCorriston, Steve |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Environmental Economics and Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335697&r=env |
| By: | Martijn Boermans; Rients Galema |
| Abstract: | We investigate the extent to which investors exhibit carbon home bias: disproportionate investment in carbon-intensive firms from the home market. We utilize a comprehensive stock-level holdings dataset of European investors to understand the relationship between carbon home bias, divestment and disclosure. We show that investors exhibit significant carbon home bias, with about half of their carbon emissions stemming from their domestic portfolios. Over our sample period 2013-2022, European investors have decarbonized their portfolios, but predominantly through their foreign portfolios. Domestic carbon exposures have persisted. Differences-in-differences analyses show that a shock inducing institutional investors to decarbonize is associated with higher ownership of domestic carbon-intensive stocks. Consistent with engagement, higher domestic ownership of carbon-intensive stocks is associated with lower carbon emissions and a higher likelihood of carbon disclosure. Our results show that carbon home bias is not driven by differential home-foreign carbon risk premia, but instead suggest investors’ successful engagement at home while divesting abroad. |
| Keywords: | home bias; carbon footprint; divestment; engagement; securities holdings statistics |
| JEL: | G11 G15 G23 H55 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:786&r=env |
| By: | Beatty, Timothy; Lee, Goeun |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335461&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Miseok; Yoo, Do-il |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335938&r=env |
| By: | Rickels, Wilfried; Rischer, Christian; Schenuit, Felix; Peterson, Sonja |
| Abstract: | In the European Union (EU), a second emissions trading system (EU ETS2) covering buildings, road transport and small energy and industrial installations is expected to be introduced from 2027. Until 2030, however, EU ETS2 will not be a separate pillar of EU climate policy, but will support Member States in meeting their national targets under the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR). If there are net regional shifts in emission reductions within the EU ETS2, for example, if companies in one member state buy in aggregated terms net allowances, this must be compensated for at the national level. We study the EU ETS2 for the year 2030 using the general equilibrium model DART. In our analysis, the introduction of an EU ETS2 generates about a quarter of the efficiency gains of a comprehensive emissions trading system, assuming that nation states use the flexibility mechanisms of the ESR and compensate for regional abatement leakage through interstate emissions trading. However, this is only true if there is no extensive price stabilization in the EU ETS2. Our analysis suggests an EU ETS2 allowance price of around EUR 300/tCO2. Stabilizing the EU ETS2 price at the envisaged intervention price of 45 EUR/tCO2 would require about 415 million additional allowances and thus imply additional emissions of the same amount in 2030 alone. |
| Keywords: | European Union Climate Policy, Emissions Trading, Computable General Equilibrium Model |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2249&r=env |
| By: | Cheu, Sungmin; Gammans, Matthew |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335819&r=env |
| By: | Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336000&r=env |
| By: | Serhan Cevik, João Tovar Jalles |
| Abstract: | Climate change is the defining challenge of our time with complex and evolving dynamics. The effects of climate change on economic output and financial stability have received considerable attention, but there has been much less focus on the relationship between climate change and income inequality. In this paper, we provide new evidence on the association between climate change and income inequality, using a large panel of 158 countries during the period 1995 – 2019. We find that an increase in climate change vulnerability is positively associated with rising income inequality. More interestingly, splitting the sample into country groups reveals a considerable contrast in the impact of climate change on income inequality. While climate change vulnerability has no statistically significant effect on income distribution in advanced economies, the coefficient on climate change vulnerability is seven times greater and statistically highly significant in the case of developing countries due largely to weaker capacity for climate change adaptation and mitigation. These findings are robust with alternative estimation methods and measures of income inequality, but it should be noted that the appropriate measurement of climate change vulnerability and resilience remains a challenge that imposes limits on empirical analysis. |
| Keywords: | Income inequality; climate change; vulnerability; resilience. |
| JEL: | C30 D30 E60 O10 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02772023&r=env |
| By: | Merk, Christine; Andersen, Gisle; Nordø, Åsta Dyrnes; Helfrich, Torben |
| Abstract: | Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as an essential part of the lowest-cost path toward reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement. In Europe, an accelerated pace of CCS development indicates that a CO2 transport and storage system could be established by 2030. However, we know little about how the public views the market for transport and storage of CO2 currently under development in Europe. In early 2023, we conducted an experimental comparative survey to study public opinions on cross-border CO2 trade for storage in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK. The share of respondents that perceive CCS as somewhat positive or very positive varies considerably between the countries; we find the highest share in Denmark (69%), followed by the UK (68%), Norway (67%), the Netherlands (57%) and the lowest share in Germany (49%). Especially concerns about environmental risks and costs lead to more negative views, while perceptions of job creation and economic opportunities lead to more positive evaluations. The experimental results show that importing CO2 for storage is among the least preferred options in all countries, while the storage of CO2 that has been captured in the own country is the most preferred option; the gap in the share of positive evaluations is substantial and amounts to up to 20 percentage points in the UK. Respondents who feel that countries are responsible for reducing national greenhouse gas emissions and storing their own captured CO2 drive the pattern of a more positive evaluation of a domestic CCS value chain and a more negative evaluation of importing CO2. |
| Keywords: | carbon capture and storage, public perceptions, trade |
| JEL: | F35 O18 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2252&r=env |
| By: | Akinyemi, Taiwo; Jung, Suhyun |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335962&r=env |
| By: | Felbermayr, Gabriel (WIFO); Peterson, Sonja (IfW); Wanner, Joschka (IfW) |
| Abstract: | This DG TRADE Chief Economist Note provides a structured overview of the existing economic literature on the interaction between environmental outcomes, trade, environmental policy and trade policy, covering both the applied methods and data as well as main findings. Analyzing the literature on Input-Output tables, it first looks at the general pattern of industrialized countries becoming net importers of embedded emissions. It then discusses quantitative trade models of different types modelling emissions along value chains and shedding light on aspects such as the roles of consumption choices at different development stages or the role of trade imbalances. The Note also looks at the rather narrow stand of literature on the importance of emissions from transportation and discusses the implications of carbon levies in general or taxes on transport emissions. Finally, it discusses the theoretical research as well as the econometric analysis and quantitative modeling, which address the questions how international trade is shaped by the role of firms that are found to play an important role in determining the effect of trade on the environment and the climate. In all strands of literature, this Chief Economist Note reflects on potential for future research. It especially identifies how model features and model approaches in quantitative trade modelling could be improved in different respects and how these models can be used for new types of policy analysis. |
| Keywords: | international trade and climate; literature review |
| JEL: | F18 |
| Date: | 2023–04–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:dgtcen:2022_003&r=env |
| By: | Sajedinia, Ehsanreza |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335950&r=env |
| By: | Hall, David C. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335815&r=env |
| By: | Williamson, Samuel E. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335866&r=env |
| By: | Serhan Cevik, João Tovar Jalles |
| Abstract: | What is the impact of climate change on inflation and growth dynamics? This is not a simple question to answer as climate shocks tend to be ubiquitous, but with opposing effects simultaneously on demand and supply. The extent of which climate-related shocks affect inflation and economic growth also depends on long-run scarring in the economy and the country’s fiscal and institutional capacity to support recovery. In this paper, we use the local projection method to empirically investigate how climate shocks, as measured by climate-induced natural disasters, influence inflation and economic growth in a large panel of countries over the period 1970–2020. The results shows that both inflation and real GDP growth respond significantly but also differently in terms of direction and magnitude to different types of disasters caused by climate change. We split the full sample of countries into income groups—advanced economies and developing countries—and find a striking contrast in the impact of climate shocks on inflation and growth according to income level, state of the economy, and fiscal space when the shock hits. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; natural disasters; inflation; growth; local projections; panel data. |
| JEL: | E31 E32 E62 N10 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02762023&r=env |
| By: | Federica Lanterna (University Roma Tre, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The paper suggests a possible strategy to reform energy excise duties to address the issue of climate change, following the provisions of the proposed revision of the Energy Taxation Directive. The analysis focuses on three products: petrol, diesel, and electricity consumption. The logic of the environmental reform follows the double dividend theory. Indeed, using a micro-simulation model on data from the Household Budget Survey provided by the Italian National Statistics Institute, a first reform scenario is simulated for the values of the excise duties mentioned. The focus is on the additional revenue generated by the environmental reform, which will be used to intervene firstly on VAT, the main indirect tax in Italy, and secondly on excise duties themselves. The aim is to demonstrate that more robust redistributive effects can be achieved by using public expenditure to limit the regressive effect of the environmental reform, working with a comprehensive tax reform. |
| Keywords: | Tax Reform, Energy excise duties, VAT, Redistribution |
| JEL: | H20 H23 H31 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtr:wpaper:0277&r=env |
| By: | Lu, Pei Jyun; Skidmore, Mark |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335455&r=env |
| By: | M. Scott Taylor; Fruzsina Mayer |
| Abstract: | Orcinus Orca is the world’s largest predator, and simultaneously a significant tourist asset and cultural icon for much of the Pacific Northwest. In the past two decades, the Southern Resident Killer whale (SRKW) population has declined by more than 25 percent, putting them at risk of extinction. The cause of this decline is hotly debated. This paper employs novel data, an innovative noise pollution model, and quasi-experimental methods borrowed from environmental economics to solve this puzzle. We find consistent evidence that vessel noise pollution from international shipping has lowered fertility and raised the mortality of the SRKW significantly. Had noise pollution remained at its pre-1998 levels, the SRKW population would be 30% larger. Noise pollution is a growing threat to marine mammals worldwide. |
| JEL: | F1 Q01 Q20 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31390&r=env |
| By: | Sajid, Osama |
| Keywords: | International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335442&r=env |
| By: | Alaminie, A.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Padhee, Suman; Ghosh, Surajit; Tilahun, S.; Mekonnen, M.; Assefa, G.; Seid, Abdulkarim; Zimale, F.; Jury, M. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmicp:337107&r=env |
| By: | Han, Xianru |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335926&r=env |
| By: | Millard, Joe |
| Abstract: | Collective humanity is at a critical juncture. Despite our efforts to set targets and goals, biodiversity and climate are both changing rapidly, pushing us towards a biosphere our species has not known. One view is that we need transformational change of the economic paradigm, but that might be more an ideal than pragmatic. A new idea could be that we take inspiration from the way in which life has evolved, and co-opt some mechanism to self-regulate us within a boundary we at least know is not definitely unsafe. Think genes that up or down regulate themselves or switch off and on other genes, or hormones that up or down regulate the secretion of other hormones. For humanity, one means might be to co-opt the philosophy of the carbon coin, and devise a new single currency for nature. We track a conjunction of anthropogenic variables from space or remotely, combine that with a model predicting biodiversity change, and then link that to a new global currency that will help self-regulate those variables towards bending the curve. It would be hard, and there’s a lot we’d need to know to make it work, but I think this might be what life would do |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:j7phu&r=env |
| By: | Ibrahim Y. Tawbe (Université de Franche-Comté, CRESE, F-25000 Besançon, France) |
| Abstract: | Environmental information disclosure programs are regulatory tools designed to reduce toxic emissions from polluting sites. These programs provide information on the most polluting sites and the type and quantity of their emissions, with the aim of protecting the environment and public health. Disclosed information is disseminated online through these programs’ websites, and hence access to the internet is required in order to access this information. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the most well-known international environmental information disclosure programs, namely TRI, E-PRTR, NPI, PROPER, EcoWatch, Greenwatch, NPRI, MVR, and AKOBEN. We compared the risk of low birth weight (LBW) before and after implementing these programs. We also considered the levels of internet accessibility in each country in which we evaluated the effectiveness of these programs. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. We considered studies on the most well-known international environmental information disclosure programs and compared the risk of LBW before and after implementing these programs and also conducted a meta-regression to evaluate the factors influencing LBW risk. Our analysis shows that in countries where these programs were in place, the risk of LBW had decreased for most programs except for the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), which had the opposite effect. The meta-regression results showed that maternal age and gestational duration significantly influence birth weight, with older mothers having a reduced risk of giving birth to LBW infants. Length of gestation is associated with decreased risk of LBW. Maternal education was negatively associated with birth weight, with mothers with higher education levels having an increased risk of giving birth to LBW infants. Time also showed a significant negative relationship with the incidence of LBW. Finally, a significant positive interaction was observed between the "program" and "internet" variables, suggesting that environmental disclosure may not reach certain vulnerable populations and that the presentation of information may play an important role in the effectiveness of these programs. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, birth weight, environment, meta-analysis, public information program |
| JEL: | Q5 G53 I1 I18 K3 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2023-02&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Jamaica is highly exposed to multiple natural hazards, including tropical cyclones, floods, and droughts. Jamaica ranks 47th out of 191 countries in the 2023 Inform Risk index.1 Jamaica suffers from damaging winds, rain, and storm surges, especially during the tropical cyclone season. Over the coming decades, Jamaica is expected to experience more heatwaves, more irregular rainfalls that bring heightened hazards of droughts or flooding, stronger tropical cyclones, and raising sea levels. Intensified climate hazards interact with socioeconomic vulnerability in Jamaica—since infrastructure, population and tourism activities are concentrated in the coastal areas—amplifying climate related costs to the country’s physical assets, population, and the broader economy. |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/236&r=env |
| By: | Nutsugah, Godwin K. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335651&r=env |
| By: | Ray, Srabashi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335675&r=env |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet |
| Abstract: | In this research note, we focus on a representative, leather producing tannery in Kanpur, India, and shed light on two specific questions that, to the best of our knowledge, have not been studied previously in the literature. First, what is the deadweight loss from water pollution caused by this tannery? Second, how might an effluent fee be used to ensure that the socially optimal amount of leather is produced by this same tannery? Our linear model provides answers to these two questions and also shows how our results can be used to guide pollution regulation policy. |
| Keywords: | Deadweight Loss, Effluent Fee, Ganges River, Pollution, Representative Tannery |
| JEL: | Q53 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117786&r=env |
| By: | Donatella Gatti (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Julien Vauday (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) |
| Abstract: | While environmental values are spreading among societies, they hardly lead to effective political actions. This may be due to an overestimation of the sharing of those values among people, or to a lack of political power of environmentalists vis-à-vis materialist citizens. We propose a theoretical model to investigate these two channels, based on a setup a la Grossman and Helpman (1994), in which lobby is a strategy available to social groups, in order to influence the government on environmental taxes. Because societies have being historically marked by materialist habits, citizens sharing those habits face lower costs when getting organized. By considering endogenous lobby formation a la Mitra (1999), we show that, in order for environmental and materialist lobbies to coexist, the society must be mixed enough. Based on a dynamic framework a la Besley and Persson (2019), we investigate how social values change over time. Whenever lobbying by materialists prevails, a unique social equilibrium exists, featuring a stable hegemony by materialist values. If environmentalists get organized too, a second social equilibrium emerges, that is locally stable and more favorable to them. However, the threshold might be very high, above which the cultural transition effectively takes off. By calibrating the model, we study counter-acting forces allowing to improve the odds of the environmental transition, such as cultural mutations, social-signaling, and lowering organizational costs. Finally, we provide policy implications. |
| Abstract: | Alors que les valeurs environnementales se répandent dans les sociétés, elles ne débouchent guère sur des actions politiques efficaces. Cela peut être dû à une surestimation du partage de ces valeurs entre les gens, ou à un manque de pouvoir politique des écologistes vis-à-vis des citoyens matérialistes. Nous proposons un modèle théorique pour investiguer ces deux canaux, basé sur un cadre à la Grossman et Helpman (1994), dans lequel le lobbying est une stratégie à la disposition des groupes sociaux, afin d'influencer le gouvernement sur les taxes environnementales. Parce que les sociétés ont été historiquement marquées par des habitudes matérialistes, les citoyens les partageant font face à des moindres coûts lorsqu'ils s'organisent. En considérant la formation de lobby endogène à la Mitra (1999), nous montrons que, pour que les lobbies écologistes et matérialistes coexistent, la société doit être suffisamment mixte. Sur la base d'un cadre dynamique à la Besley et Persson (2023), nous étudions comment les valeurs sociales changent au fil du temps. Chaque fois que le lobbying des matérialistes prévaut, un équilibre social unique existe, caractérisé par une hégémonie stable des valeurs matérialistes. Si les écologistes s'organisent eux aussi, un second équilibre social émerge, localement stable, qui leur est plus favorable. Cependant, le seuil peut être très élevé, au-dessus duquel la transition culturelle s'enclenche effectivement. En calibrant le modèle, nous étudions les forces permettant d'améliorer les chances de la transition environnementale, telles les mutations culturelles, le social-signaling et la baisse des coûts d'organisation. Enfin, nous fournissons des implications de politique économique. |
| Keywords: | Lobby, Environmentalism, Carbon tax, Environmental policy, Social change |
| Date: | 2023–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cepnwp:hal-04158754&r=env |
| By: | Seifert, Stefan; Hüttel, Silke; Werwatz, Axel |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates price differentials between organically and conventionally farmed arable land. Organic commodities offer higher prices and environmental benefits such as improved soil constitution, where land buyers gauge these benefits against lower yields at higher risk, switching and higher production cost compared to conventional production. Combining land transaction and cover data from EU's Integrated Administrative Control System between 2005-2019, we test the hypothesis of positive valuation of organic cultivation, also for conventional use after sale. Based on a double robust approach, we find on average no effect but markups for conventional and markdowns for organic use post-sale. |
| Keywords: | Organic agriculture, farmland pricing, Integrated Administrative Control System (IACS), ecosystem services, matching |
| JEL: | Q15 Q24 Q51 R30 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:forlwp:282023&r=env |
| By: | Koen Deconinck; May Hobeika |
| Abstract: | Assurance schemes (certifications and labels) are widespread in the agri-food sector. This paper reviews the landscape of existing schemes, and the evidence on whether labels change consumer behaviour, and whether assurance schemes achieve positive change on the farm. The impact of existing labels on shopping behaviours appears limited: even for well-established schemes, market shares remain low, as factors such as taste, health, or price appear to dominate consumer decisions. Regarding farm-level effects, not all crops, standards, and geographies have been equally well studied, and many studies find no effect; but when an effect is found, it is usually positive. The paper identifies actions to improve the effectiveness and inclusiveness of existing and new assurance schemes, and also highlights the new trend of labels which communicate environmental impacts, rather than conformity with process or production requirements. |
| Keywords: | Certification, Credence goods, Food systems, Hypothetical bias, Voluntary sustainability standards |
| JEL: | D12 D91 M3 Q50 L15 |
| Date: | 2023–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:200-en&r=env |
| By: | Pham, Trinh |
| Keywords: | International Development, Labor and Human Capital, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335724&r=env |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In this article, I estimate the value of “Individual Using Internet”-IUI in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG database of the World Bank. I use data from 193 countries for the period 2011-2020. I found that among others the value of IUI is positively associated to “Methane Emissions” and “People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services” and negatively associated among others to “Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption” and “Renewable Energy Consumption”. I apply the k-Means algorithm for the clusterization optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of three clusters. Finally, I confront eight machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of IUI. I found that the best predictive algorithm is Linear Regression and that the value of IUI is expected to decrease on average of 0.30% for the analysed countries. |
| Keywords: | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, General, Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behaviour, Bureaucracy, Administrative Processes in Public Organizations, Corruption, Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation, Implementation. |
| JEL: | D7 D70 D72 D73 D74 D78 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117743&r=env |
| By: | Liang, Yuanning |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335618&r=env |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the correlation between banking sector non-performing loans and the level of sustainable development. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between banking sector non-performing loans and the level of sustainable development measured by the sustainable development index. The significant positive correlation is evident in European countries and in countries in the region of the Americas. There is a significant negative correlation between banking sector non-performing loans and achieving SDG3 and SDG7 in African countries and European countries. There is also a significant negative correlation between non-performing loans and achieving SDG10 in European countries. There is a significant positive correlation between banking sector non-performing loans and achieving SDG4 and SDG7 in the region of the Americas. There is also a significant positive correlation between non-performing loans and achieving SDG10 in African countries and in countries in the region of the Americas. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, non-performing loans, sustainable development goals, SDGs, SDG3, SDG4, SDG7, SDG10, sustainable development index, correlation. |
| JEL: | G21 G23 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117807&r=env |
| By: | Fuller, Madisen; Baker, Justin; Roberts, Zoey; Latta, Gret; Ohrel, Sara; Gower, Tom |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:337099&r=env |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo; Leogrande, Domenico; Costantiello, Alberto |
| Abstract: | In this article, we investigate the role of Unemployment-U in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at World Level. We use data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2021. We apply Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, and Weighted Least Squares-WLS. We found that among other the level of U is positively associated, among others, to “GHG Net Emissions” and “Government Effectiveness”, and negatively associated among others, to “Maximum 5 Day Rainfall” and “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism”. Furthermore, we confront eight different machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of U. We found that the best predictive algorithm in terms of maximization of R-squared and minimization of MAE, MSE, and RMSE is the Linear Regression. The value of U is expected to growth of 1.51% on average for the analysed countries. |
| Keywords: | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation. |
| JEL: | D7 D70 D72 D73 D78 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117845&r=env |
| By: | Fan, Pengfei; Mishra, Ashok K.; Feng, Shuyi; Su, Min |
| Abstract: | Understanding the overuse of chemical fertilizer is critical for global food security and environmental protection. We use a nationally representative rural household survey from China, the difference-in-difference, three-step approach, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression methods to assess the impacts of China’s new agricultural subsidy on chemical fertilizer use, heterogeneity effect, and mechanism. The results show that, first, the new agriculture subsidy reduces the use of chemical fertilizer by about 7.2 percent. A series of robustness tests confirms the finding. Second, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the subsidy’s negative impact on fertilizer use is substantially greater among younger farmers than among older farmers. The negative effect also is significantly more in the main grain-producing areas than in non-grain-producing areas of China. Third, the mediating effect analysis shows that farmland scale mediates 8.3 percent of fertilizer use, and adoption of agricultural machinery mediates 48.6 percent of fertilizer use. Thus, China’s new agricultural subsidy reduces fertilizer use by helping farmers expand their farmland scale and adopt farm machinery. Our findings underscore the positive role that reforming the agrarian subsidy policy plays in sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:337098&r=env |
| By: | Helm, Ines (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München); Koch, Nicolas (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)); Rohlf, Alexander (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)) |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of a large car scrappage scheme in Germany on new car purchases and local air quality by combining vehicle registration data with data on local air pollutant emissions. For identification we exploit cross-sectional variation across districts in the number of cars eligible for scrappage. The scheme had substantial effects on car purchases and did not simply reallocate demand across time in the short-term. Nevertheless, about half of all subsidized buyers benefited from windfall gains. The renewal of the car stock improved local air quality suggesting substantial mortality benefits that likely exceed the cost of the policy. While policy take-up is somewhat smaller in urban districts, improvements in air quality and health tend to be larger due to a higher car density. |
| Keywords: | cash for clunkers, local air quality, car scrappage schemes, emissions, car rebate |
| JEL: | H20 H23 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16266&r=env |
| By: | Karen Clay; Alex Hollingsworth; Edson R. Severnini |
| Abstract: | Lead exposure has detrimental effects on fertility, infants, children, and adults. Despite the success in removing lead from on-road gasoline, industrial and aviation emissions continue to pose a substantial global challenge. Other major sources of exposure include dust, soil resuspension, and consumption of contaminated water or food. Both animal studies and evidence from humans support claims of an adverse relationship between lead pollution and human health. Since lead exposure is not randomly assigned, quasi-experimental studies play a crucial role in this knowledge base. Among these studies, extensive research links elevated blood lead levels in children to academic and behavioral outcomes, but more limited attention has been given to lead’s impact on fertility, infant mortality, and infant health. This paper examines the existing quasi-experimental literature on lead and fertility, infant mortality, and infant birth outcomes, highlighting key results, methods, and implications for policymakers. |
| JEL: | I12 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31379&r=env |
| By: | Pascal LEVASSEUR (IFIP - Institut du Porc); Nicolas QUERAL (IFIP - Institut du Porc) |
| Abstract: | Poster présenté aux 54es JRP. Face à la nécessité de réduction des émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES), l'Union Européenne et la France se sont fixées un objectif de neutralité carbone à l'horizon 2050 (JORF, 2019). L'agriculture sera mise à contribution, son émission devant diminuer de 46% entre 2015 et 2050 (MTES, 2020). Pour cela, un certain nombre de leviers d'action sont mentionnés, dont la gestion des effluents d'élevage. A ce titre, des scénarios prospectifs de réduction des émissions directes de GES par une meilleure gestion des effluents d'élevages porcins ont été réalisés pour la période 2020 - 2050. |
| Keywords: | gaz à effet de serre, effluent, simulation |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04003299&r=env |
| By: | Ran Yan; Nan Zhou; Wei Feng; Minda Ma; Xiwang Xiang; Chao Mao |
| Abstract: | As the two largest emerging emitters with the highest growth in operational carbon from residential buildings, the historical emission patterns and decarbonization efforts of China and India warrant further exploration. This study aims to be the first to present a carbon intensity model considering end-use performances, assessing the operational decarbonization progress of residential building in India and China over the past two decades using the improved decomposing structural decomposition approach. Results indicate (1) the overall operational carbon intensity increased by 1.4% and 2.5% in China and India, respectively, between 2000 and 2020. Household expenditure-related energy intensity and emission factors were crucial in decarbonizing residential buildings. (2) Building electrification played a significant role in decarbonizing space cooling (-87.7 in China and -130.2 kilograms of carbon dioxide (kgCO2) per household in India) and appliances (-169.7 in China and -43.4 kgCO2 per household in India). (3) China and India collectively decarbonized 1498.3 and 399.7 mega-tons of CO2 in residential building operations, respectively. In terms of decarbonization intensity, India (164.8 kgCO2 per household) nearly caught up with China (182.5 kgCO2 per household) in 2020 and is expected to surpass China in the upcoming years, given the country's robust annual growth rate of 7.3%. Overall, this study provides an effective data-driven tool for investigating the building decarbonization potential in China and India, and offers valuable insights for other emerging economies seeking to decarbonize residential buildings in the forthcoming COP28 age. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.13858&r=env |
| By: | Clay, Karen (Carnegie Mellon University); Hollingsworth, Alex (Indiana University); Severnini, Edson R. (Carnegie Mellon University) |
| Abstract: | Lead exposure has detrimental effects on fertility, infants, children, and adults. Despite the success in removing lead from on-road gasoline, industrial and aviation emissions continue to pose a substantial global challenge. Other major sources of exposure include dust, soil resuspension, and consumption of contaminated water or food. Both animal studies and evidence from humans support claims of an adverse relationship between lead pollution and human health. Since lead exposure is not randomly assigned, quasi-experimental studies play a crucial role in this knowledge base. Among these studies, extensive research links elevated blood lead levels in children to academic and behavioral outcomes, but more limited attention has been given to lead's impact on fertility, infant mortality, and infant health. This paper examines the existing quasi-experimental literature on lead and fertility, infant mortality, and infant birth outcomes, highlighting key results, methods, and implications for policymakers. |
| Keywords: | lead exposure, fertility, mortality, infant health |
| JEL: | I12 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16236&r=env |
| By: | Ahn, Soojung |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335588&r=env |
| By: | Thema, Johannes; Roa García, María Cecilia |
| Abstract: | This Wuppertal Paper analyses the energy transition models of Colombia and Germany. The emphasis of the exercise is on an analysis of options for the complete decarbonization of the energy system in Colombia as a Global South country. To this end, it analyses the current situation, projections, public policy and narratives, and contrasts it with Germany as one of the countries of the Global North with which Colombia has historically maintained energy trade relations and is currently collaborating in the exploration of energy alternatives for decarbonization. Detailed analysis of sectoral energy consumption in Colombia shows the sectors with the highest fossil energy consumption (in this order): transport (fuels), industry (gas, coal), electricity generation (gas, coal) and residential (gas). We show the projected increase in demand for fuels and electricity, and calculate the amount of electricity theoretically needed to substitute fossil sources in each sector. We estimate the total electricity required for decarbonization via sector coupling and derive a first estimation of the range of additional renewable energy capacities needed to supply this demand. We find that required capacities are expectedly large (56-110 GW), depending on decarbonization pathways, and that export capacity beyond national demand may be limited. Our analysis of the policy and scenario arena in both countries finds that Colombia is still lacking both sector-specific decarbonization strategies and an embedding in a systemic vision of a systemic energy transition. Germany has more advanced sector strategies and (national) systemic visions, but lacks embedding assumptions on energy imports in a global-system analysis, i.e. in the analysis of an energy transition in potential exporting countries like Colombia. We formulate requirements to close these gaps in our conclusions. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wuppap:200&r=env |
| By: | Febriyana, Nabila |
| Abstract: | Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana profitabilitas produsen UMKM Tahu di Surabaya dipengaruhi oleh green accounting. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan survey ke lokasi penelitian dengan menggunakan metodologi deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pabrik Tahu UMKM di Surabaya menyadari kurangnya pengetahuan mereka tentang akuntansi hijau dan kurangnya kesadaran lingkungan. Karena tingginya biaya produksi, mayoritas pelaku usaha UMKM Tahu menyadari kekurangan tangki pengolahan air limbah. Alhasil, UMKM Tahu sengaja membangun pabrik di dekat sungai untuk membuang limbah cair tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu. |
| Date: | 2023–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zta2g&r=env |
| By: | Thibaut Couturier (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sarah Bauduin (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Guillelme Astruc (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Aurélie Blanck (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Coline Canonne (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité, CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Thierry Chambert (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jules Chiffard (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Alix Cosquer (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sarah Cubaynes (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Laurence Curtet (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Emmanuelle Dortel (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Nolwenn Drouet‐hoguet (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Christophe Duchamp (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Charlotte Francesiaz (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Oksana Grente (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité, CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Adrien Jailloux (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Maëlis Kervellec (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Valentin Lauret (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jean‐dominique Lebreton (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Julie Louvrier (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Lucile Marescot (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Raphaël Mathevet (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marie‐laure Navas (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Charlotte Perrot (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Nicolas Poulet (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Pierre‐yves Quenette (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Michel Salas (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Guillaume Souchay (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Cécile Vanpé (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Aurélien Besnard (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Olivier Gimenez (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | 1. To document and halt biodiversity loss, monitoring, quantifying trends and assessing management and conservation strategies on wildlife populations and communities are crucial steps. 2. With increasing technological innovations, more and more data are collected and new quantitative methods are constantly developed. These rapid developments come with an increasing need for analytical skills, which are hardly accessible to managers. On the other hand, researchers spend more and more time on research grant applications and administrative tasks, which leaves fewer opportunities for knowledge transfer. This situation tends to increase the gap between researchers and managers. Here, we illustrate how to fill this gap by presenting two long-term collaborations between a research unit—Centre for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology; CEFE—and a national agency—French Biodiversity Agency; OFB. 3. The first example is a collaboration providing statistical support to national parks for the design and implementation of scientific monitoring protocols. It relies on the recruitment of a research engineer funded by OFB and physically based at CEFE, who works closely with OFB and managers. The second example is a collaboration on the management of large carnivores. For more than 10 years, it has involved several PhD students and post-doctoral fellows co-supervised by CEFE and OFB, and has recently resulted in the recruitment of a permanent OFB researcher who works half-time at CEFE and half-time at OFB. These case studies illustrate the modalities of collaborative work between public institutions acting at different levels of biodiversity conservation for the co-construction of research agendas and the exchange of knowledge. 4. These collaborations also bring out some challenges. Inter-knowledge and mutual learning remain difficult at scales larger than that of the teams concerned. The staff working at this interface needs to possess good listening skills, respect all partners' needs and demonstrate flexibility. Knowledge exchanges require time, thus reducing productivity according to quantitative metrics such as scientific publications or institutional reports. These collaborations can therefore be difficult to assume socially, and remain tenuous because they rely on a good understanding of the differences in governance of the various partners. 5. Based on our experience, success is favoured by long-term and close relationships, and by co-construction of projects at early stage. Sharing a space (i.e. office or building) facilitates face-to- face interactions during planned work sessions and casual meetings that build up a shared scientific culture and mutual trust. |
| Keywords: | Boundary science, Environmental management, Research–implementation gap, Science-conservation interface |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04125409&r=env |
| By: | Alvaro MORENO; Diego GUEVARA; Jhan ANDRADE; Christos PIERROS; Sebastian VALDECANTOS; Antoine GODIN; Devrim YILMAZ |
| Abstract: | The transition to a low-carbon and climate resilient economy is a process of heavy restructuring of the productive network, during which sunset industries are in decline or even disappear, while sunrise industries emerge and flourish. This process affects all aspects of the economy: the demand and the supply side, the public and the private sector, the financial structure and the informal economy. In this paper, we propose a holistic framework that assesses the macroeconomic vulnerability that emerges from a low-carbon transition, especially in developing economies. We consider vulnerability as a multidimensional phenomenon and, thus, pay attention to all fiscal, social, monetary, financial and external dimensions of the economy. We, then apply this framework to the Colombian economy. We use indicative variables of vulnerability, in all its aspects, and a stock-flow consistent growth model in order to monitor their evolution across time. We consider two scenarios related to a reduction of real fossil fuel exports of Colombia and a global rise in the interest rates. Results indicate that the more delayed is the global transition, the higher the vulnerability of the Colombian economy. Similarly, global monetary tightening becomes an obstacle in the transition process, as it induces vulnerability stemming from the financial and external side of the economy. |
| Keywords: | Colombie |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15700&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | After successfully weathering a series of shocks in recent years, the Barbadian economy is recovering strongly driven by a rebound in tourism and related activities. Public debt was brought back onto a downward trajectory and international reserves have risen to over 7 months of imports. The authorities are making good progress in implementing their updated Economic Recovery and Transformation (BERT) plan and their ambitious climate policy agenda. Following the completion of the 2018-22 Extended Fund Facility (EFF), a successor 36-month EFF arrangement along with a Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) were approved in December 2022. The authorities are strongly committed to strengthen fiscal sustainability, advance structural reforms, and increase resilience to climate change and natural disasters. |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/241&r=env |
| By: | Michael S. Michael; Panos Hatzipanayotou; Nikos Tsakiris |
| Abstract: | We develop a model of two small open asymmetric economies with two tradable and one non-tradable goods, capital mobility and consumption generated cross border pollution. We show that the Nash equilibrium calls for a consumption tax and capital tax (subsidy) when the consumption of the tradable (non-tradable) good pollutes. In this model, the consumption tax causes pollution leakages between the two countries which is partly offset by the capital tax or subsidy. Thus, the existence of non-tradable goods and international capital mobility induce the small countries to act strategically. In the absence of capital taxes, consumption taxes are lower to their rates when capital taxes are also present since are used strategically to mitigate the pollution leakage. |
| Keywords: | Pollution Leakage; Non-tradable Goods; Capital Mobility; Capital and Consumption Taxes; Consumption-generated Cross-border Pollution |
| JEL: | F15 F18 F20 H20 H21 |
| Date: | 2023–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucy:cypeua:02-2023&r=env |
| By: | Kingsley I. Okere (Gregory University, Uturu, Nigeria); Stephen K. Dimnwobi (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Chukwunonso Ekesiobi (Igbariam, Nigeria); Favour C. Onuoha (Evangel University Akaeze, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | A popular theme in the literature is the examination of a variety of factors that contribute to energy poverty, but little is known about the connection between public debt and energy poverty, particularly for developing regions of the world. This study clearly illustrates the nexus between public debt and energy poverty, focusing on thirty SSA nations from the years 2007 to 2018. In conjunction with disaggregated energy poverty variables such as urban electrification, national electricity access, rural electrification, access to clean cooking fuels, renewable energy utilization and output, a composite energy poverty index was developed using the principal component analysis and estimated in relation to public debt via the Instrumental Variable Generalized Method of Moments approach. Additionally, the effects of a debt threshold are taken into account and their implications for the region’s energy poverty are assessed. The main finding of the study reveals that public debt has a positive and significant linear effect on the energy poverty index, national electricity access, urban electrification, rural electrification and access to clean cooking fuels while it reduces renewable energy production and utilization. Thus, our research contributes to the body of knowledge and offers policy recommendations for SSA's targeted reduction in energy poverty through sustainable public debt management. |
| Keywords: | Public Debt, Energy Poverty, Sub-Saharan Africa, Debt Threshold, Electricity Access. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/041&r=env |
| By: | Kingsley I. Okere (Gregory University, Uturu, Nigeria); Stephen K. Dimnwobi (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Chukwunonso Ekesiobi (Igbariam, Nigeria); Favour C. Onuoha (Evangel University Akaeze, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | A popular theme in the literature is the examination of a variety of factors that contribute to energy poverty, but little is known about the connection between public debt and energy poverty, particularly for developing regions of the world. This study clearly illustrates the nexus between public debt and energy poverty, focusing on thirty SSA nations from the years 2007 to 2018. In conjunction with disaggregated energy poverty variables such as urban electrification, national electricity access, rural electrification, access to clean cooking fuels, renewable energy utilization and output, a composite energy poverty index was developed using the principal component analysis and estimated in relation to public debt via the Instrumental Variable Generalized Method of Moments approach. Additionally, the effects of a debt threshold are taken into account and their implications for the region’s energy poverty are assessed. The main finding of the study reveals that public debt has a positive and significant linear effect on the energy poverty index, national electricity access, urban electrification, rural electrification and access to clean cooking fuels while it reduces renewable energy production and utilization. Thus, our research contributes to the body of knowledge and offers policy recommendations for SSA's targeted reduction in energy poverty through sustainable public debt management. |
| Keywords: | Public Debt, Energy Poverty, Sub-Saharan Africa, Debt Threshold, Electricity Access. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/041&r=env |
| By: | Hajdu, Tamás |
| Abstract: | Research on the effect of in utero shocks on health at birth may be influenced by in utero selection. This study outlines a conceptual framework and shows that the results of the standard empirical approach are biased if (i) the exposure changes the probability of fetal death and (ii) health differences exist between deceased and surviving fetuses. Furthermore, an empirical example is provided to illustrate, the potential importance of fetal selection. Examining the impact of heat on birth weight, I find that accounting for fetal selection substantially increases the heat effect compared to the standard approach. These results suggest that incorporating the distorting effect of fetal losses into the estimations may be critical in some cases to provide more informed guidance for public policy. |
| Keywords: | in utero selection, health at birth, birth weight, temperature, climate change |
| JEL: | I12 J13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1301&r=env |
| By: | Ellenrieder, Sara; Jourdan, Nicolas; Biegel, Tobias; Bretones Cassoli, Beatriz; Metternich, Joachim; Buxmann, Peter |
| Date: | 2023–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:138521&r=env |
| By: | Belloc, Ignacio (University of Zaragoza); Gimenez-Nadal, José Ignacio (University of Zaragoza); Molina, José Alberto (University of Zaragoza) |
| Abstract: | In recent decades, global warming and its relationship to individual well-being has concerned researchers and policy makers, with research focusing on the consequences of global warming on well-being. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between weather conditions and the feelings reported by individuals during daily travel episodes. We use data from the Well-Being module of the American Time Use Survey for the years 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2021, together with county-level weather information. Our findings indicate an association between extreme temperatures and certain measures of affective well-being while commuting, and notable differences are found, depending on the main travel purpose. In the current context of global warming, when daily temperatures are expected to rise in the future and heat waves will become more frequent, our findings indicate that certain travel activities could be more sensitive to rising temperatures, from an affective perspective, which may help to complement the well-being consequences of global warming. |
| Keywords: | well-being, travel episode, purpose, extreme temperatures, time use, ATUS |
| JEL: | R40 I10 J22 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16241&r=env |
| By: | Kuschnig, Nikolas; Vashold, Lukas |
| Abstract: | Malaria places a great burden on the health and prosperity of many and occupies a great number of scientists and policymakers. The dynamics of the disease are tightly interwoven with economics - incidence is both tied to economic circumstances and impacts them. Economic research plays an important role in understanding and supporting the fight against malaria. The economic literature, however, features a number of peculiarities that can hamper accessibility and has been slow to approach interdisciplinary issues. Here, we explain the economic perspective and summarise the literature on the economic impacts of malaria. Malaria has severe impacts on individual and aggregate economic outcomes, including mortality and morbidity, but also indirect burdens that materialise with a delay. The fight against malaria is not an economic policy per se, but may provide beneficial economic spillovers and can be vital in establishing an environment that allows for prosperity. Economic insights can make a difference in the design and implementation of effective and efficient eradication and control strategies. This is critical in the light of increasing disease (re-)exposure due to climate change and the emergence of resistant vectors and pathogens. |
| Keywords: | malaria; development; economic growth; education; health |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus005:44832056&r=env |
| By: | Till Baldenius; Nicolas Koch; Hannah Klauber; Nadja Klein |
| Abstract: | Segregation on the basis of ethnic groups stands as a pervasive and persistent social challenge in many cities across the globe. Public spaces provide opportunities for diverse encounters but recent research suggests individuals adjust their time spent in such places to cope with extreme temperatures. We evaluate to what extent such adaptation affects racial segregation and thus shed light on a yet unexplored channel through which global warming might affect social welfare. We use large-scale foot traffic data for millions of places in 315 US cities between 2018 and 2020 to estimate an index of experienced isolation in daily visits between whites and other ethnic groups. We find that heat increases segregation. Results from panel regressions imply that a week with temperatures above 33{\deg}C in a city like Los Angeles induces an upward shift of visit isolation by 0.7 percentage points, which equals about 14% of the difference in the isolation index of Los Angeles to the more segregated city of Atlanta. The segregation-increasing effect is particularly strong for individuals living in lower-income areas and at places associated with leisure activities. Combining our estimates with climate model projections, we find that stringent mitigation policy can have significant co-benefits in terms of cushioning increases in racial segregation in the future. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.13772&r=env |
| By: | José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez; Salvador Gil-Guirado; Nicholas Ryan |
| Abstract: | We study the climate as a determinant of religious belief. People believe in the divine when religious authorities (the “church”) can credibly intervene in nature on their behalf. We present a model in which nature sets the pattern of rainfall over time and the church chooses when optimally to pray in order to persuade people that it has caused the rain. We present evidence from prayers for rain in Murcia, Spain that the church follows such an optimal policy and that its prayers therefore predict rainfall. In our model, praying for rain can only persuade people to believe if the hazard of rainfall during a dry spell is increasing over time, so that the probability of rainfall is highest when people most want rain. We test this prediction in an original data set of whether ethnic groups around the world traditionally prayed for rain. We find that prayer for rain is more likely among ethnic groups dependent on intensive agriculture for subsistence and that ethnic groups facing an increasing rainfall hazard are 53% more likely to pray for rain, consistent with our model. We interpret these findings as evidence for the instrumentality of religious belief. |
| JEL: | N3 N5 O13 P48 Z12 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31411&r=env |
| By: | Sebastian Busch; Ruben Kasdorp; Derck Koolen; Arnaud Mercier; Magdalena Spooner |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy sources (RES) play a crucial role in the decarbonisation of the electricity system. Their share in electricity production has grown significantly since 2005 and it is expected to grow further to reach over 70% of gross electricity generation in 2030. This development will change electricity market dynamics and increase the need for flexible power. The introduction of RES has so far been policy driven. Technology development has progressed thanks to massive public support to deployment. Different modes of support have been used, with various impacts on the market. We need to continue to move towards more market-based instruments in order to reduce both overall support costs and the distortive impact on the market, and in particular towards self-standing instruments such as power purchase agreements (PPAs). The key question is whether and when renewable technologies can become competitive in the electricity market. A complication is their cost structure, with close to zero marginal costs. Our analysis shows that their profitability depends on both the price level of energy commodities and the carbon price, and the flexibility of the electricity system to reduce the cannibalisation effect that renewables have on their own revenues. As renewables move to open merchant markets, we need to ensure adequate investments by introducing different forms of long-term contracts. Such contracts would contribute to stabilise market revenues of these investments, thereby benefiting both consumers and producers while ensuring market-based solutions. |
| JEL: | Q40 Q42 Q47 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:dispap:187&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Under the current EFF, the authorities have made substantial progress in restoring macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability after being hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, they would like to pivot to the deeper medium-term structural reforms needed to support structural balance of payments needs and promote sustainable and inclusive growth. To support this pivot, they have requested the cancellation of the current EFF and the approval of a new one. Concurrently, they have requested a program under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) to help advance their climate agenda, including measures to enhance resilience to climate-related shocks. |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/235&r=env |
| By: | Adhikari, Shyam |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335574&r=env |
| By: | Roberta De Santis (Italian National Statistical Institute); Lorenzo Di Biagio (Italian National Statistical Institute); Piero Esposito (Università di cassino) |
| Abstract: | Despite widespread recognition of the importance of the issue, economic literature to the best of our knowledge has neglected the role of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the persistent core periphery dualism in European Monetary Union (EMU). This gap is peculiar since starting from 2015 (and even before with the Millennium goals and the OECD DAC International Development Goals) the European Union (EU) has shaped its economic policies in order to reach the 17 SDGs by 2030. In this paper we intend to fill this gap. We contribute to the empirical literature in two ways i) assessing whether the SDGs might represent themselves a new dimension of EMU core periphery dualism and ii) whether the similarity of SDGs scores for EMU country pairs have been affecting the existing dualism. The cluster analysis performed evidenced that there was a Core-Periphery pattern for SDGs scores in the period 2001-2021 for 12 EMU countries, although the distance between and within the two groups diminished overtime. Moreover, panel estimates for the period 2003-2019 evidenced that there was a relationship between SDGs scores similarity and business cycle synchronization for the selected EMU countries. According to our estimates, it seems that having a similar pattern to reach the SDGs displayed a differentiated impact on core and periphery countries. Moreover, disentangling the SDGs similarity index in its three main components (the 3Ps) evidenced heterogeneous and even opposite relationships with business cycle correlation. |
| Keywords: | Euro, Core-Periphery, Convergence, Sustainable development |
| JEL: | C5 E3 N1 F4 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lui:lleewp:23157&r=env |
| By: | Ayse Gül Mermer (Tilburg University); Sander Onderstal (University of Amsterdam); Joep Sonnemans (University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | In economic environments, decision-makers can strategically delay irreversible investments to learn from the actions of others. This creates free-riding incentives and can lead to socially suboptimal outcomes. We experimentally examine if and how communication mitigates this free-riding problem in an investment-timing game. In our baseline investment-timing game, participants choose when to invest in a nonrival project with uncertain returns, in groups of two or four players. The earliest investor of the group bears the costs of investment while everyone in the group benefits if the project reveals high returns. If more investors invest at the same time, they share the costs. In the communication treatment, subjects can freely communicate before choosing the investment time. We find that in groups of two players, communication increases cooperation and leads to significantly earlier investments. In groups of four players, however, communication significantly reduces delay only in the first period of interaction, but not in the aggregate over all periods |
| Keywords: | stochastic volatility, social cost of carbon, climate damage, Duffie-Epstein preference |
| JEL: | C72 C92 D83 H41 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20230033&r=env |
| By: | Ximena Cadena; Sandra Zuluaga; Sandra Oviedo; María José Mejía; Santiago Muñoz; Luisa Vargas |
| Abstract: | La inversión privada de impacto es un enfoque de inversión que utilizan fondos de capital, bancas de inversión, instituciones financieras privadas, instituciones financieras de desarrollo (IFD), fundaciones, empresas de Beneficio e Interés Colectivo (BIC), pagadores por resultados, emprendedores sociales, empresas con impacto social y aceleradoras de impacto, con la intención de contribuir a la solución de problemas sociales y/o medioambientales específicos, a la vez que se genera rentabilidad y un impacto positivo medible. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las acciones prioritarias que el gobierno podría emprender para incluir la inversión privada de impacto en la agenda de política pública desde sus posibles roles en el ecosistema como catalizador, regulador o participante, con el fin de aprovechar la contribución que los recursos privados pueden hacer a cerrar la brecha de financiamiento del desarrollo. El estudio muestra que, si bien Colombia no tiene una política pública específica de inversión de impacto, si cuenta con un conjunto de políticas que han sentado las bases para el desarrollo de la inversión de impacto en el país, por lo cual se requiere de iniciativas para la articulación de los actores gubernamentales, privados y no gubernamentales y del impulso a políticas de tipo expansivo. El estudio también busca hacer recomendaciones para que el National Advisory Board de Inversión de Impacto de Colombia (NAB Colombia) pueda incidir en la política pública compartiendo las mejores prácticas, participando en el diseno de políticas y herramientas de política que promuevan la inversión de impacto e impulsando el relacionamiento público-privado, entre otros aspectos. Este estudio se compone de un documento de soporte que presenta en detalle los hallazgos y recomendaciones que dieron a origen a las acciones propuestas y de un Policy Brief.****** Abstract: Private impact investment is an investment approach used by capital funds, investment banks, private financial institutions, development financial institutions (DFIs), private foundations, Benefit and Collective Interest (BIC) companies, pay for results organizations, social entrepreneurs, companies seeking social impact and impact accelerators, with the intention of contributing to the solution of specific social and/or environmental problems, while generating profitability and a measurable positive impact. The objective of this study is to identify the main actions that the government could undertake to include private impact investment in the public policy agenda from its possible roles in the ecosystem as a catalyst, regulator, or participant, in order to take advantage of the contribution that private resources can make to closing the development financing gap. The study shows that, although Colombia does not have a specific impact investment public policy, it does have a set of policies that have laid the foundations for the development of impact investment in the country. Therefore, policy initiatives are required for the articulation of governmental, private and non-governmental actors, and the impulse to expansive policies. The study also seeks to make recommendations so that the National Impact Investing Advisory Board of Colombia (NAB Colombia) can catalyze public policy by sharing best practices, participating in the design of policies and policy tools that promote impact investing and promoting public-private relations, among other aspects. This study is made up of a supporting document that presents in detail the findings and recommendations that gave rise to the proposed actions and a Policy Brief. |
| Keywords: | Inversión de Impacto, Inversión Privada de Impacto, Financiación Basada en Resultados, Financiamiento del Desarrollo, Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS)Política Pública |
| JEL: | G23 G28 G38 L31 L38 M14 O16 O19 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:020792&r=env |
| By: | Rimmer, Matthew (Queensland University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Refereed Article. Matthew Rimmer, 'Shane Rattenbury, the Productivity Commission, and the Right to Repair: Intellectual Property, Consumer Rights, and Sustainable Development in Australia' (2023) 37 (3) Berkeley Technology Law Journal 989-1056. This Article tells the story of the fight for the right to repair in Australia. It is intended to complement comparative research elsewhere, looking at the right to repair in the United States and Canada; the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the European Union; and other jurisdictions, such as South Africa. Part II of this paper considers the politics of the right to repair in Australia. It explains how Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Attorney-General Shane Rattenbury has sparked a larger law reform inquiry by the Productivity Commission into the right to repair. It highlights how Australia is particularly promising in terms of law reform – due to an unusual consensus amongst the major political parties across the usual divides. Part III focuses on the debate over intellectual property and the right to repair in Australia, and the recommendations of the Productivity Commission. It argues that there needs to be more than just copyright law reform; there should be matching reforms in designs law, trade mark law, patent law, trade secrets, and data protection. Part IV considers the recommendations of the Productivity Commission regarding consumer law and competition policy. It highlights the need for further law enforcement action to protect the right to repair. Part V explores the discussion about the right to repair in the context of sustainable development–looking at submissions on e-waste, the circular economy, and sustainable development. It contends that there should be greater law reform in these areas (going well beyond the limited recommendations of the Productivity Commission in this area). Part VI concludes by noting that the Productivity Commission has asked for action in particular markets in respect of automobiles, agricultural machinery, and tablets. The Article calls for the Australian Parliament to go further and recognise a more broadly based right to repair. Such a recognition will require a holistic approach, involving reforms to intellectual property laws, consumer rights and competition policy, and regulation of the environment and sustainable development. It maintains that it is necessary that the jurisdiction of Australia keep pace on the right to repair with its comparative partners. |
| Date: | 2023–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qp7kn&r=env |
| By: | Gräser, Melanie |
| Abstract: | Using novel data on industrial, semi-industrial, and artisanal mining, this paper analyses the impact of different mining types on employment outcomes for individuals living close to mines in Liberia. The econometric strategy exploits the temporal variation in mine openings and closings and the spatial variation in mine locations in a difference-in-difference analysis. Primary data collected through qualitative interviews at mining sites explains the mechanisms behind the econometric results. The findings provide the first causal evidence on employment effects of a boom-and-bust cycle of artisanal mining. A boom seems to shift employment from subsistence agriculture to more productive sectors and a bust decreases the likelihood for individuals to work. In contrast, the opening of industrial gold mines seems to decrease employment in more productive sectors and increase employment in agriculture, while industrial iron ore mines have no effect. This paper shows that benefits of mining for the local population depend on the type of mining, the commodities mined, and the local boom-bust cycle of mining. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources; Extractive industries; Liberia; Industrial mining; Artisanal mining |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus005:44832439&r=env |
| By: | John Hartwick |
| Abstract: | We ”translate”Hotelling’s continuous-time, exhaustible resource extraction Model of 1931 into a linear program of present value extraction cost minimization subject to a stock endowment and period by period demand constraints. The appropriate form of the demand constraints allows for resource rent rising at the rate of interest in the dual program. A useful variant has the stock size endogenous. |
| Keywords: | resource extraction, linear program, rent and interest rate |
| JEL: | Q32 C61 D46 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:wpaper:1506&r=env |
| By: | Joseph I. Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda N. Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on gender and food security in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This paper adopts a survey research technique aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population. A total of 800 women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region. It is essentially cross-sectional: describing and interpreting the current situation. The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching (PSM) and logit model indicate that CSR interventions of the MOCs using GMoUs have contributed in empowering women to effectively discharge their role in food and nutritional security. This is achieved by enhancing coherence in policies on gender, agriculture, nutrition, health, trade and other relevant areas in the Niger Delta. The findings also show that CSR intervention of MOCs supported ecological sound approaches to food production, such as agro-ecology that promotes sustainable farming and women’s empowerment in the region. This suggests that recognizing and respecting the local knowledge of farmers, including women farmers, will help develop locally relevant food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa. This implies that promoting the implementation of everybody’s right to food, particular that of women, as well as giving women rights to other resources like land, in addition to engaging women and men in challenging the inequitable distribution of food within the household will help strengthen food security in Africa. This research contributes to the gender debate in agriculture from a CSR perspective in developing countries and serves as a basis for the host communities to demand for social projects. It concludes that corporate establishments have an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Gender, food security, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/039&r=env |
| By: | Tom Moerenhout (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)); Amrita Goldar (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Saon Ray (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Anirudh Shingal (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Siddharth Goel (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)) |
| Abstract: | The report makes an attempt to comprehend various challenges in trade, investment and battery waste management of EVs in India and identifies diverse solutions to aid India’s EV transition. This summary captures, in brief, the major findings of the larger study aimed towards policy makers, and technology enablers. It discusses detailed stylized facts on trade and tariffs of goods involved in the EV value-chain as well as on investment, addressing regulatory barriers to trade and investment in the EV value-chain and identifying key barriers such as charging infrastructure, supply chain concerns, and skill gaps. At the same time, deliberating on the far end of the EV value chain, the results also focus explicitly on the effective management of EV battery waste. The three critical pillars for battery waste management i.e., technology, employment opportunities, policy and regulations are discussed in detail to draw attention to the crucial role the battery waste sector can play in the economy. |
| Keywords: | EV manufacturing, battery, waste management, climate, icrier, iisd |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:22-r-02&r=env |
| By: | Alexandra Bykova (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Rumen Dobrinsky (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Richard Grieveson (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Maciej J. Grodzicki; Doris Hanzl-Weiss (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Gabor Hunya (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Niko Korpar (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Sebastian Leitner (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Bernhard Moshammer (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Ondřej Sankot; Bernd Christoph Ströhm (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Maryna Tverdostup (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Zuzana Zavarská (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | The EU member states of Central Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have experienced rapid convergence in the decades following their EU accession, and have built up strong export-oriented manufacturing sectors boosted by foreign direct investment inflows. While this growth model has brought many positives, there are indications that it is hitting its limits. Endogenous limits to EU-CEE’s growth model are exacerbated by exogenous challenges of the ‘twin’ (green and digital) transitions, and the fallout of the pandemic and Russian invasion of Ukraine. This reinforces the imperative for EU-CEE to transition to a more innovation-driven, new growth model, enabled by a comprehensive industrial policy. However, the EU-CEE countries have not only lacked a stable and strategic approach to industrial policy in their development paths, but also find themselves in a unique position due to EU membership. As a result, innovation and industrial policies are underdeveloped in the region. Based on an in-depth analysis of the industrial landscape and the industrial policy environment of the region, we propose eight pillars for creating a EU-CEE version of the entrepreneurial state. |
| Keywords: | industrial policy, EU-CEE, convergence, transition, green, digital |
| JEL: | L52 O25 F63 L60 P27 O40 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:469&r=env |
| By: | Ferraro, Greg |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335519&r=env |