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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Yuventus Effendi; Budy P. Resosudarmo |
| Abstract: | Given the rising levels of carbon emissions, governments in the East Asia region are exploring effective decarbonization policies. This study examines the socio-economic and environmental implications of these policies using a closed-loop multi-country computable general equilibrium model that captures key linkages between the economy and climate change. Our findings suggest that the intended decarbonization policy, aimed at accelerating technology transfer, may not always reduce carbon emissions. However, incorporating Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology into existing coal power plants and implementing a carbon tax could significantly reduce carbon emissions in all countries in the region. The paper suggests implementing carbon tax policy to reduce carbon emissions, retrofitting CCS technology in coal-based electricity power plants, and developing renewable electricity at the same time as controlling emissions from non-renewable energy. These policies, however, need some supplement policy strategies to compensate for the potential output contraction due to the tax. |
| Keywords: | decarburization, climate change, East Asia, Computable General Equilibrium |
| JEL: | D58 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2023-05&r=env |
| By: | Roberts, Zoey; Latta, Gregory; Baker, Justin S.; SODIYA, OLAKUNLE E. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336004&r=env |
| By: | Wang, Yutian; Chen, Xuan; Shi, Longzhong |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335668&r=env |
| By: | Aguirre, Julio; De La Torre Ugarte, Daniel G.; Yu, Tun-Hsiang E.; Accinelli, Roberto; Rojas, Eduardo; Paucar, Marcos; Heros, Carlos |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335603&r=env |
| By: | Crespo, Daniel; Nemati, Mehdi; Dinar, Ariel; Frankel, Zachary; Halberg, Nick |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335589&r=env |
| By: | Purevjav, Avralt-Od; Avirmed, Tumenkhusel; Wilcox, Steven W.; Barrett, Christopher B. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336015&r=env |
| By: | Lin, Ziyi; Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel; Wolf, Christopher A.; Reed, Kristan Foster |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335868&r=env |
| By: | Kimmerer, Christopher; Bannon, Nicholas; Deaton, B. James |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural Finance, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335504&r=env |
| By: | Zhu, Kunxin; Miteva, Daniela A.; Gopalakrishnan, Sathya |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335996&r=env |
| By: | Towe, Charles A.; Liu, Pengfei; Dang, Ruirui; Swallow, Stephen K. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335992&r=env |
| By: | Brueckner, Jan K. (University of California, Irvine); Kahn, Matthew E. (University of Southern California); Nickelsburg, Jerry (UCLA) |
| Abstract: | Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study how fuel price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this externality. The airline industry's capital stock can be easily inventoried as a set of long-lived, durable aircraft. This portfolio approach allows us to study the utilization and composition of the capital stock at a highly disaggregated level. Changes in airline operations directed toward conserving fuel can be an important path toward lower emissions. |
| Keywords: | airline fuel consumption, energy conservation, carbon dioxide emissions |
| JEL: | R4 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16189&r=env |
| By: | Destek, Mehmet Akif; Sinha, Avik; Özsoy, Ferda Nakıpoglu; Zafar, Muhammad Wasif |
| Abstract: | It is extremely difficult for emerging economies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and in order to close this policy gap, a comprehensive policy framework is needed. The purpose of this research is to determine the proportional impacts of domestic and foreign capital to environmental degradation in newly industrialized nations (NICs). For this reason, panel data methodology is used to evaluate, for the years 1991 to 2018, how the ecological footprint is affected by stock market capitalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, urbanization, and energy intensity. Using the squared terms of stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment, respectively, it is also looked at whether domestic and foreign capital may have non-linear effects on the environment. According to the empirical findings, whereas local capital growth worsens the environment, increasing international capital prevents environmental degradation. There is an inverted U-shaped link between domestic capital and environmental degradation in the event of non-linearity, but foreign capital has a monotonically declining effect on environmental degradation. Additionally, it has been discovered that while using more non-renewable energy causes more environmental deterioration, using more renewable energy improves the quality of the environment. The study outcomes are utilized to design a policy framework to address the objectives of SDG 7, SDG 11, and SDG 13. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Stock Market, Ecological Footprint, Environmental Degradation |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2023–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117560&r=env |
| By: | Pata, Ugur Korkut; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the effects of military expenditures (MEX) on environmental pollution, as well as the moderating role of factors such as financial development and technological progress for 15 NATO member countries under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Using the CS-ARDL estimator, the study analyzes the effects of MEX, income, energy consumption, financial development, and technical progress on carbon emissions spanning the period from 1991 to 2018. Additionally, interaction terms are employed to regularize the moderating effects of financial development and technical advancement. The results show that income, energy consumption, and MEX all contribute to a rise in emissions. It is also found that the financial sector does not eradicate the detrimental ramifications of MEX on the environment, but that technological progress has a moderating effect. A 1% increase in the interaction of technological progress with the military sector reduces environmental degradation by 0.36, but a 1% augment in the interaction of the financial sector with the military sector increases carbon emissions by 0.41%. For this reason, it is imperative to evaluate and revise the financing of MEX of NATO countries from an environmental perspective for sustainable development. Furthermore, as long-run income elasticity in NATO countries is lower than the short-run one, the EKC hypothesis is valid. Based on the overall findings, the study suggests that NATO allies should incorporate the benefits of income growth and technological development into their environmental policies to offset the negative effects of MEX. |
| Keywords: | Military expenditures; EKC; environment; energy consumption; technological progress, financial development |
| JEL: | H5 Q5 |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117567&r=env |
| By: | Sofie Errendal; Jane Ellis; Sirini Jeudy-Hugo |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the potential role and contribution of carbon pricing in transforming emission pathways towards net zero GHG emissions. It reviews carbon pricing’s impacts, overall and in the electricity sector in selected jurisdictions to date. The paper also analyses the current and potential application of emissions pricing (e.g. emissions trading schemes or carbon taxes) in food systems. The analysis finds that carbon pricing could contribute to net zero pathways alongside other policies, yet price levels and coverage to date have been too low to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement’s goals. Carbon pricing’s contribution to net zero pathways could be further strengthened, including by incentivising demand-side shifts, sequencing policies and enhancing international carbon pricing collaboration. Applying emissions pricing in food systems faces significant short-term technical, methodological, and political barriers and could have just transition implications but reducing emissions from food systems could also lead to many co-benefits. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, carbon pricing, carbon tax, climate change, climate mitigation, demand-side, emissions trading system, ETS, food systems, greenhouse gas emissions, just transition, net zero, policy packages, revenue recycling, supply-side, transformative change |
| JEL: | H23 Q52 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:220-en&r=env |
| By: | Joëlle Noailly |
| Abstract: | Achieving the ambition of limiting global warming to 1.5°C to 2°C by the end of the century as enacted in the Paris Climate Agreement will require massive investments in environmental technologies and a forceful change of path away from high-carbon technologies. This report presents novel descriptive evidence on global trends in patenting in low-carbon technologies, with a particular focus on the energy and road transport sector. The analysis discusses the role of public policies in driving the rate and the direction of innovation for a low-carbon future. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Innovation, Clean technologies, Patents, Energy, Electric vehicles, Environmental policy, Technology Policy |
| JEL: | Q55 O31 Q42 L62 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wip:wpaper:72&r=env |
| By: | Markus Zimmer; Patrick Hoffmann |
| Abstract: | The industrial sector is responsible for roughly one quarter of global greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. To align sector pathway developments with overarching net-zero transition goals in different industries, governments are required to understand sectoral reduction potentials to efficiently promote industry decarbonization using the instruments at their disposal (e.g. subsidies, carbon taxes). In our analysis we examine the state of various industries and employ different modelling frameworks to study investment pathways consistent with a net zero industry transformation. We find that a mix of measures, including energy efficiency improvements, using hydrogen and biomass as feedstock or fuel, producing heat through electric means and the adopting carbon-capture technologies can reduce a sector’s carbon dioxide emissions to almost zero. Global investment efforts needed for a green transition of the analyzed sectors1 amount to EUR2.7trn until 2050 of which 8% or EUR210bn is invested in the EU. The largest single sector investments for the EU countries are required in the pulp & paper industry with EUR 78.4bn until 2050 - followed by iron & steel (EUR55.4bn) and cement (EUR37.6bn). The achievable emission reduction for the European industrial sector is estimated at 265 MtCO2 (-92%), which yields an average abatement investment of EUR790 per tCO2. |
| Keywords: | decarbonization, industry sectors, industry investment, net zero |
| JEL: | Q32 E22 Q55 O31 L61 L62 L66 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10506&r=env |
| By: | Pier Basaglia; Sophie M. Behr; Moritz A. Drupp |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to investigate the effectiveness of fuel taxation to jointly deliver climate and health benefits in a quasi-experimental setting. Using the synthetic control method, we compare carbon and air pollutant emissions of the actual and synthetic German transport sector following the 1999-2003 German eco tax reform. We demonstrate sizable average reductions in CO2 (12%), PM2.5 (10%) and NOX (6%) emissions between 1999 and 2009 across a range of specifications. Using official cost estimates, we find that the eco-tax saved more than 40 billion euros of external damages. More than half of the reductions in external damages are health benefits, highlighting the importance of accounting for co-pollution impacts of carbon pricing. Our fuel and emission specific tax elasticity estimates suggest much stronger demand responses to eco tax increases than to market price movements, primarily due to increases in tax salience, which we measure using textual analysis of newspapers. We further show that gasoline-to-diesel substitution substantially mediates the trade-off between climate and health benefits. Our results highlight the key roles of tax salience and fuel-substitution in mediating the effectiveness of fuel taxes to reduce climate and health externalities. |
| Keywords: | environmental policy, carbon tax, eco tax, tax elasticity, tax salience, fuel consumption, fuel substitution, externalities, climate, pollution, health |
| JEL: | Q51 Q58 Q41 H23 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10508&r=env |
| By: | Tony Harding; Juan Moreno-Cruz; Martin Quaas; Wilfried Rickels; Sjak Smulders |
| Abstract: | Projections of climate change damages based on climate-econometric estimates suggest that, without mitigation, global warming could reduce average global incomes by over 20% towards the end of the century (Burke et al., 2015). This figure significantly surpasses climate damages in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). For example, global climate damages obtained with the seminal DICE model are just a 7% reduction in output (Nordhaus, 2018). Here, we show that the discrepancy between the projections can be resolved by accounting for growth convergence in a climate-econometric approach that is consistent with the macroeconomic models underlying most IAMs. By re-estimating the global non-linear relationship between temperature and country-level economic growth, our convergence-consistent projections reveal that under an unmitigated warming scenario, global climate damages amount to 6%. |
| Keywords: | climate change, economics growth, convergence, integrated assessment models |
| JEL: | O40 O44 Q54 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10490&r=env |
| By: | Simona Malovana; Dominika Ehrenbergerova; Zuzana Gric |
| Abstract: | We surveyed economics and finance professionals on the transition to a low-carbon economy, assessing risks, opportunities, and stakeholder responsibilities. Findings reveal that respondents view the transition as an opportunity for the financial sector, with modest increase in banking risks. Most respondents agreed that governments hold primary responsibility for climate mitigation policies, with carbon tax as the favored solution. Additionally, respondents perceived the COVID-19 to have a neutral or positive impact on the transition, while the Ukraine war a strong negative impact. Notably, opinions differ based on environmental awareness and professional roles, with environmentally conscious individuals expressing more optimism. |
| Keywords: | Carbon footprint, climate finance, climate policy, environmental awareness, expert survey |
| JEL: | G12 G14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnb:wpaper:2023/6&r=env |
| By: | Kimberly A. Clausing; Catherine Wolfram |
| Abstract: | Jurisdictions adopt heterogeneous climate policies that vary both in terms of ambition and in terms of policy approach, with some jurisdictions pricing carbon and others subsidizing clean production. We distinguish two types of policy spillovers associated with diverse policy approaches to climate change. First, when countries have different levels of climate ambition, free-riders will benefit at the expense of more committed countries. Second, when countries pursue different approaches, carbon-intensive producers within cost-imposing jurisdictions will be at a relative competitive disadvantage compared with producers in subsidizing jurisdictions. Carbon border adjustments and climate clubs are attempts to respond to these policy spillovers, but when countries have divergent policy approaches, one policy alone will not be able to address both types of spillovers. We also consider the policy dynamics that result from carbon border adjustments and climate clubs; both have the potential to encourage upward harmonization of climate policy, but they come with risks. Further, the pressures of international competition in the presence of divergent climate policy approaches may result in subsidy races, which come with their own potential risks and benefits. |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31310&r=env |
| By: | Nicolas Piluso (CERTOP - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The carbon market reform is controversial because the modalities of carbon pricing foreseen risk reducing the performance of companies and negatively affecting the economy. The objective of this paper is to show that the carbon tax can be floating and adapt to the economic situation while maintaining its ecological efficiency. Herein, Tobin's Q model, which has become a standard in the literature for explaining the investment decision, is applied to the green investment decision. A carbon tax is introduced into the firm's maximization program to see how carbon pricing changes the outcome of the traditional model. The model shows that green investment depends on the sum of the stock price and the carbon price, which suggests the possibility of modulating this amount according to the upward or downward trend of the stock price to avoid permanently penalizing the competitiveness of firms. The study also demonstrates how the financial market is likely to value green investments and that such investments will likely generate shareholder value through several channels. Indeed, green investments impact the firm's turnover and the minimum income required by the shareholder. Such a modulation of the carbon tax according to the economic cycle would make reconciling ecological and economic efficiency possible. |
| Keywords: | stock market price, greenhouse gas emissions, green investment, Tobin’s Q, carbon tax |
| Date: | 2023–02–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04125654&r=env |
| By: | Yichuan Tian |
| Abstract: | The carbon-reducing effect of attention is scarcer than that of material resources, and when the government focuses its attention on the environment, resources will be allocated in a direction that is conducive to reducing carbon. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2019, this study revealed the impact of governments' environmental attention on carbon emissions and the synergistic mechanism between governments' environmental attention and informatization level. The findings suggested that (1)the environmental attention index of local governments in China showed an overall fluctuating upward trend; (2)governments' environmental atten-tion had the effect of reducing carbon emissions; (3)the emission-reducing effect of governments' environmental attention is more significant in the western region but not in the central and eastern regions; (4)informatization level plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between governments' environmental attention and carbon emissions; (5)there is a significant threshold effect on the carbon reduction effect of governments' environmental attention. Based on the findings, this study proposed policy implications from the perspectives of promoting the sustainable enhancement of environmental attention, bringing institutional functions into play, emphasizing the ecological benefits and strengthening the disclosure of information. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.13436&r=env |
| By: | Frida Aulie; Antoine Dechezleprêtre; Fernando Galindo-Rueda; Clara Kögel; Inès Pitavy; Alzbeta Vitkova |
| Abstract: | Fiscal spending policies adopted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic have been presented as a unique opportunity to “build back better” and re-ignite the economy while accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper analyses 1 166 funding measures announced by 51 countries and the European Union in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures – amounting to USD 1.29 trillion – can make an important contribution to filling the climate investment gap, particularly in emerging technologies such as carbon capture, usage and storage and green hydrogen. A modelling analysis suggests that they could have large impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and bring about significant co-benefits in terms of clean sectors’ output growth and reductions in fossil fuel imports. |
| JEL: | L52 O38 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:151-en&r=env |
| By: | Sean Dougherty; Andoni Montes Nebreda |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of fiscal federalism in driving ecological transition, a key challenge in the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals agenda. The ecological transition seeks a sustainable society that prioritises naturalresource preservation and reduces environmental impacts. The study investigates the link between fiscal federalism institutionsand ecological transition policies, focusing on regional and local governments’ role in implementing environmental goals. Despitesubnational governments’ commitment to green objectives, comprehensive plan implementation has been limited due tolocal governments’ incentive schemes and capacity constraints. The paper examines the potential of fiscal federalism institutions, such as fiscal rules, transfers and capacity-building programs, to support ecological transition policies. The research emphasises engaging regional and local governments in the green agenda and highlights the need for tailored approaches in multi-level fiscal governance to effectively achieve environmental goals. By investigating fiscal federalism’s potential contribution to ecological transition, the paper offers valuable insights for policymakers addressing environmental challenges through a multi-level governance approach. |
| Keywords: | ecological transition, environmental goals, fiscal federal institutions, fiscal federalism, green agendas |
| JEL: | H23 H77 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ctpaab:44-en&r=env |
| By: | Schenuit, Felix; Böttcher, Miranda; Geden, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Climate policy in the European Union (EU) and Germany changed significantly with the adoption of net-zero emissions targets. A key new development is the growing importance of carbon management. The umbrella term includes not only the capture and storage of CO2 (carbon capture and storage, CCS), but also CO2 capture and utilisation (carbon capture and utilisation, CCU) as well as the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide removal, CDR). It is important to provide clarity when differentiating between these approaches and identifying their relation to so-called residual emissions and hard-to-abate emissions. This is particularly important because it will determine the overall ambition of climate policy as well as shape future policy designs and their distributional impacts. Current policy and legislative processes should ensure that carbon management does not delay the phase-out of fossil fuels. New policy initiatives present an opportunity to actively shape the interface between ambitious climate and industrial policy. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Management, Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS, Carbon Capture and Utilization, CCU, Carbon Dioxide Removal, CDR, BECCS, DACCS, residual emissions, hard-to-abate emmission, Net Zero Industry Act, Carbon Dioxide Removal, climate policy, climate protection, net-zero target, net-negative emissions |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:292023&r=env |
| By: | Elisabeth Gsottbauer; Michael Kirchler; Christian König-Kersting |
| Abstract: | Climate change constitutes one of the major challenges to humankind in the 21st century. To address this crisis, it is necessary to transform the economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The finance industry has the potential to play a central role in this transformation by implementing sustainable investment and financing policies.We document climate mitigation preferences and attitudes toward the climate crisis of finance professionals — the key protagonists on financial markets — and climate experts — the key protagonists providing scientific findings. We use an incentivized choice experiment to measure the willingness to forgo individual payout to curb greenhouse gas emissions and survey participants to elicit their attitudes and beliefs toward the climate crisis. To learn how well both groups understand each other, we also ask participants what they believe the other stakeholder group believes. Our results provide suggestive evidence that finance professionals have a lower willingness to curb greenhouse gas emissions, measured through incentivized indifference valuations of carbon offsets, and are also less concerned about climate change compared to climate experts. Additionally, we find that the motivations and priorities of the two groups in addressing the climate crisis differ, with finance professionals being more driven by economic and reputational considerations and climate experts prioritizing the ecological and social consequences of the crisis. Finally, we find that finance professionals are less supportive of a carbon tax. Our findings have implications for policy and communication efforts, highlighting the importance of financial incentives and reputational concerns in motivating finance professionals to address the climate crisis. |
| Keywords: | Climate Crisis, Financial Professionals, Climate Experts, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon Tax |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inn:wpaper:2023-06&r=env |
| By: | Kimberly A. Clausing (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Catherine Wolfram (University of California, Berkeley) |
| Abstract: | Jurisdictions adopt heterogeneous climate policies that vary in terms of both ambition and policy approach, with some jurisdictions pricing carbon and others subsidizing clean production. We distinguish two types of policy spillovers associated with diverse policy approaches to climate change. First, when countries have different levels of climate ambition, free riders will benefit at the expense of more committed countries. Second, when countries pursue different approaches, carbon-intensive producers within cost-imposing jurisdictions will be at a relative competitive disadvantage compared with producers in subsidizing jurisdictions. Carbon border adjustments and climate clubs are attempts to respond to these policy spillovers, but when countries have divergent policy approaches, one policy alone will not be able to address both types of spillovers. The authors also consider the policy dynamics that result from carbon border adjustments and climate clubs; both have the potential to encourage upward harmonization of climate policy, but they come with risks. Further, the pressures of international competition in the presence of divergent climate policy approaches may result in subsidy races, which come with their own potential risks and benefits. |
| Keywords: | carbon border adjustments, climate clubs, Pigovian taxes and subsidies, international competitiveness, trade and environment |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp23-3&r=env |
| By: | Hidayatullah, Mokhamad Alfiyan |
| Abstract: | The correlation between green management and financial accounting fraud underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding sustainability initiatives. While green management practices can contribute to a more sustainable future, they must be implemented with transparency and integrity. By addressing the challenges and establishing robust accountability mechanisms, we can ensure that sustainability remains a guiding principle, untainted by financial misconduct. Only through a holistic approach can we achieve a true balance between environmental responsibility and financial integrity. |
| Date: | 2023–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:74wcq&r=env |
| By: | Liu, Hongxing; Li, Liqing; Long, Dede |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335670&r=env |
| By: | Song, Chun; Scognamillo, Antonio; Mastrorillo, Marina |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335532&r=env |
| By: | Arnold, Fabian (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Ashour Novirdoust, Amir (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Theile, Philip (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | Governments worldwide have set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the residential sector to zero. Policy instruments, such as carbon pricing or subsidies, are being discussed and implemented to achieve these targets. If individuals exhibit present bias, Heutel (2015) has shown that optimal policies targeting investments in the efficiency state of externality-producing durable goods and their usage consist of two components, one aimed at the externality and one aimed at the present bias. We generalize Heutel’s theoretical model by defining a larger technology set. This allows us to represent the dependence of fuel prices and emission intensities on technologies used in the building sector and to include a zero emission backstop technology. We first examine the effect of this model generalization on Heutel’s main propositions, assuming still that the backstop technology is not optimal. Second, we extend this examination to the case when the backstop technology is optimal. In a stylized case study for a representative building in Germany, we numerically estimate magnitudes of the present bias effect on investment and heating decisions, emissions, policies, and deadweight loss. We show that as long as social costs of carbon and the corresponding CO 2 price are not high enough to make the backstop technology optimal, Heutel’s proposition holds that optimal policies must consist of two components. Contrary to Heutel’s proposition, if the social costs of carbon and the CO2 price are high enough, a single instrument can address present bias. While the level of this single instrument, i.e., a tax or subsidy, depends on the level of present bias, we find that there exists a tax-subsidy combination that is optimal regardless of the level of present bias. |
| Keywords: | Present bias; policy; heating investments; durable goods; climate neutrality |
| JEL: | D15 D62 D91 H23 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2023_005&r=env |
| By: | Asuamah Yeboah, Samuel |
| Abstract: | Illegal mining has emerged as a pressing issue with significant implications for economic growth and development in Ghana. This systematic review examines the impact of illegal mining on the country's economy and its overall development trajectory. The study focuses on the adverse effects of illegal mining, including environmental degradation, social instability, governance challenges, and lost revenue. It explores the interconnectedness of these impacts and their implications for sustainable development goals. The review reveals that illegal mining hampers economic growth by undermining formal mining activities, reducing investor confidence, and limiting government revenue. It highlights the detrimental effects on key sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and infrastructure. The environmental consequences, including deforestation, water pollution, and soil degradation, also pose long-term challenges for sustainable economic development. Additionally, the review identifies governance gaps and regulatory weaknesses as key drivers of illegal mining in Ghana. Inadequate enforcement, corruption, and weak institutional frameworks contribute to the persistence of illegal mining activities. These factors erode the rule of law and hinder effective resource management, posing obstacles to sustainable development. The study underscores the importance of addressing illegal mining comprehensively. It emphasizes the need for enhanced regulation, enforcement, and institutional capacity building to curtail illegal mining activities and promote responsible mining practices. Strengthening governance frameworks, engaging local communities, and fostering partnerships with international stakeholders is vital for sustainable economic growth and development. By shedding light on the multifaceted impacts of illegal mining, this systematic review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. It underscores the urgency of taking concrete actions to combat illegal mining and create an enabling environment for responsible and sustainable mining practices in Ghana. |
| Keywords: | illegal mining, economic growth, development, Ghana, governance, regulation, sustainability, investment, social impact, environmental impact |
| JEL: | O10 O13 O20 O25 O43 Q34 Q38 |
| Date: | 2023–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117641&r=env |
| By: | Moor, Jordan; Asche, Frank; Ropicki, Andrew J. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335749&r=env |
| By: | Brewer, Shelby; Yun, Seong; Petrolia, Daniel R. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335617&r=env |
| By: | Greenhalgh, Sue E.; Djanibekov, Utkur; Austin, Darran; Ash, Jamie; Newman, Matthew; Hoddinott, Julia; Khatami, Koohyar |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335487&r=env |
| By: | Zehui, Zhao |
| Abstract: | This article critically examines the existing literature on pro-environmental behavior, focusing on essential theories, empirical evidence, and cross-disciplinary implications. The study delves into the influence of individualistic, societal, and circumstantial factors in shaping pro-environmental behaviors, drawing insights from prominent theoretical models. Moreover, it thoroughly examines the effectiveness of economic incentives and non-market approaches in stimulating pro-environmental activities, emphasizing the need for integrating behavioral economics and social psychology within the field of environmental studies. The paper concludes by identifying potential areas for future research, including the role of digital technologies, climate change communication, and social networks in fostering sustainable societies. The primary objective of this study is to equip researchers and practitioners with the necessary knowledge to develop effective strategies for promoting sustainability. |
| Date: | 2023–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hszge&r=env |
| By: | Olumba, Cynthia N.; Garrod, Guy; Areal, Francisco |
| Keywords: | International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335625&r=env |
| By: | Funes Leal, Victor E.; Gatti, Nicolas; Benito Amaro, Ignacio |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335752&r=env |
| By: | Han, Jung Hoon; Zheng, Xiaoyong; Pan, Lei; Cengiz, Ezgi; Rojas, Christian |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335502&r=env |
| By: | Bertrand Candelon (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain, Maastricht University [Maastricht, Pays-Bas]); Jean-Baptiste Hasse (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain, AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we evaluate the causal effects of climate policies on carbon emissions reduction. Specifically, we investigate the properties of the Granger causality test in the frequency domain, assuming that the dependent variables include a binary variable and a continuous variable (resp. treatment and outcome variables). Monte Carlo simulations confirm that: (i) this test is valid under this assumption; and (ii) it has more power than its time-domain counterpart. Then, using Sweden as a case study, we evaluate the impact of the Kyoto Protocol, the Swedish carbon tax, and the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on carbon emissions reduction over the period 1964-2021. Our empirical results indicate that only the carbon tax Granger causes carbon emissions reduction in the long run. Our methodological framework offers policymakers a useful toolbox for climate policy evaluation as well as new insights into the outcomes of international treaties and carbon pricing policies. |
| Keywords: | Granger causality, Spectral analysis, Climate policy, Carbon pricing |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04104020&r=env |
| By: | Arellano Gonzalez Jesus |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I use an 18-year long panel data set of maize yields and high resolution weather data at the municipality level in Mexico to shed light on the differentiated effects that climate change may have in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. I find that rainfed maize is sensitive to both temperature and precipitation. This sensitivity is weakened in irrigated maize suggesting that the use of irrigation reduces not only the dependency of production on direct precipitation but also the damaging effects of warmer temperatures. When the panel estimates are applied to climate change projections for 2100 I conclude that, in the absence of adaptation, rainfed maize yields could decrease by 3.3-4.0% on average depending on the climate model and scenario with rising temperatures accounting for about 80% of the loss and a declining precipitation accounting for the remaining 20%. Areas with high levels of rural poverty could be among the most affected with some municipalities losing up to 13.5% of maize yields. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change;Adaptation;Irrigation;Agriculture;Panel Data |
| JEL: | Q15 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2023-05&r=env |
| By: | Sebastian Bachler; Sarah Lynn Flecke; Jürgen Huber; Michael Kirchler; Rene Schwaiger |
| Abstract: | Anthropogenic climate change is one of the most pressing global issues today and finding means of mitigation is of utmost importance. To this end, we investigate whether carbon taxes on their own and coupled with revenue recycling schemes (symmetric or asymmetric carbon dividends) improve cooperative behavior in a modified threshold public goods game of loss avoidance. We implement a randomized controlled trial on a large sample of the U.S. population and measure the portion of groups who successfully remain below a critical consumption threshold. We find that a carbon tax with symmetric dividends reduces harmful consumption levels, but coupling the tax with asymmetric dividends not only enhances consumption reduction but also significantly improves group cooperation in avoiding simulated climate change. Our results show that the application of a carbon tax and asymmetric carbon dividends reduces the failure rate to about one-fourth (6%), compared to the 22% observed in a baseline condition. We find that environmental attitudes, conservatism, education, and gender are significantly associated with success rates in staying below the threshold. |
| Keywords: | climate change, carbon pricing, carbon tax, carbon dividend, revenue recycling, cooperation |
| JEL: | C92 H23 H30 H41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inn:wpaper:2023-07&r=env |
| By: | Hinsche, Isabelle Cathérine; Klump, Rainer |
| Abstract: | In order to reach climate neutrality by 2050, the European Union is taking action in the form of extensive sustainability regulations with the aim to push the private sector towards sustainable economic activities. In this context, a new instrument to finance a company's sustainability transition has been developed: the sustainability-linked bond (SLB). This paper analyzes the SLB market's efficiency in attracting those companies that are most crucial for a successful sustainability transition, namely carbon-intensive companies and companies that are lagging behind in their sustainability transition, defined as ESG laggards. By developing a conceptual framework for the SLB market and running a probit and logit regression estimation, this paper shows that the SLB market efficiently attracts carbon-intensive companies, but fails to attract ESG laggards. Moreover, the paper identifies four success factors for the SLB market to improve its future accessibility and credibility. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Finance, Sustainability-Linked Bonds, Transition Financing, Sustainable Investing, ESG, Market Efficiency |
| JEL: | C25 G10 G14 G18 G38 Q01 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cfswop:712&r=env |
| By: | Ji, Yongjie; Brighenti, Tássia Mattos; Gassman, Philip W. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335851&r=env |
| By: | Davis, James C.; Paudel, Krishna P.; Rupasingha, Anil |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335944&r=env |
| By: | Sakai Ando (IMF); Chenxu Fu (University of Tokyo); Francisco Roch (IMF/UTDT); Ursula Wiriadinata (IMF) |
| Abstract: | This paper assembles a comprehensive sovereign green bond database and estimates the sovereign greenium. The development of green bond markets has been one of the most important financial breakthroughs in the domain of sustainable finance during the last 15 years. A central benefit associated with green bonds has been that they exhibit a positive green premium (greenium), i.e., a lower yield relative to a similar conventional bond. Yet, issuances at the sovereign level have been relatively recent and not well documented in the literature. We find that green bonds are issued at a relatively small premium (4 basis pointson average) in Advanced Economies. Yet, importantly, the greenium is growing over time and is considerably larger (11 basis points on average) for Emerging Market Economies. |
| Keywords: | Green bonds, Sustainable finance, Financial innovation, Sovereign debt, Greenium, Climate change. |
| JEL: | F34 G15 H63 Q01 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoz:wpaper:253&r=env |
| By: | Fan, Xinxin; Khanna, Madhu; Hartman, Theodore; VanLoocke, Andy |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335787&r=env |
| By: | Wu, Zongyi; Feng, Xiaolong; Zhang, Yumei; Fan, Shenggen |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335547&r=env |
| By: | Hou, Peibin; Qiu, Huanguang; Yu, Jialing |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335638&r=env |
| By: | Hu, Chenyang; Bosch, Darrell J.; Zhang, Wei |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335525&r=env |
| By: | Hassan F. Gholipour; Mohammad Reza Farzanegan |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between individuals’ satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality and taste for revolt in the Middle East. Using recent World Value Survey data (WVS7, 2017-2021) from Egypt and Iraq (which have been experiencing severe environmental degradation and inadequate and mismanagement of public infrastructure) and applying Probit regressions, our results show that satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality indicators are negatively and statistically related to individuals’ inclination towards revolt in both countries. This finding is more pronounced in urban areas, particularly in large cities. We also find that individuals’ satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality affect the taste of revolt through the individual’s life satisfaction and satisfaction with the government’s provision of utilities. The analysis for Egypt suggests that satisfaction with public transportation systems, roads and highways, air quality, and housing quality are significantly and negatively associated with support for revolutionary action. For the Iraq sample, we find that dissatisfaction with roads and highways, water quality, school quality, and the physical settings of cities lead to a higher probability of support for uprising. |
| Keywords: | amenities, air quality, Middle East, environment, pollution, revolution, satisfaction |
| JEL: | D74 H54 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10503&r=env |
| By: | Daniel Clarke; Santaro Sakata; Sarah Barahona |
| Abstract: | The System of Environmental Economic Accounting Central Framework (SEEA CF) was adopted in 2012. In one decade, it has expanded to 92 countries, including most OECD countries. However, there is still work to be done by national statistics producers to increase the use of SEEA statistics. This paper focuses on the SEEA stocks and flows accounts, providing examples of where they are already used to support public policy making in high-priority areas such as climate change, environmental sustainability, the circular economy, and management of ecosystems and freshwater, as well as feeding into indicators, dashboards and other frameworks. Although these examples show that SEEA statistics are already informing public policy making in many countries, there are still important “influence gaps”. The second part of this paper discusses why these gaps exist and what can be done about them. |
| Keywords: | circular economy, climate change, environmental policy-relevant statistics, environmental-economic accounting, evidence-based policy making, natural capital |
| JEL: | Q01 Q2 Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stdaaa:2023/02-en&r=env |
| By: | Lee, Jukwan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Cho, Moonhee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kang, Jungu (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Ji Hyeon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구에서는 환경상품·서비스 시장 개방에 대한 국제사회의 논의 동향을 살펴보았으며, 주요국을 중심으로 환경상품과 서비스 시장의 규모와 개방 현황을 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 환경상품·서비스 시장 개방이 우리 경제에 미칠 영향을 살펴봄으로써 우리나라의 대내외 정책 방향을 제시하였다. The international community is striving to establish norms concerning the environmental market. It endeavors to secure a free and fair trade order, and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and sustainability. In this study, we first examine related discussions, then review the current status and market openness of environmental goods and services. Analyzing the effect of market liberalization on the Korean economy, we conclude with policy implications which could contribute to the Korean government’s policy making in the subject. Chapter 2 examines each country and international organizations’ definition on the environmental industry, goods and services, then it introduces the formation of related trade norms. Environmental goods are generally defined as products contributing to environmental protection and sustainability, and based on the degree of eco-friendliness throughout the product’s life-cycle. However, what constitutes environmental goods is a controversial issue among countries which depends on political and economic interests. As for environmental services, the UN, the OECD, and the EU define them as both including environmental protection and resource management, whereas the WTO focuses on pollution management. Multilateral organizations such as the WTO, the OECD, the APEC and the UNCTAD have made great efforts to establish the scope of environmental good and services and related trade norms, but these ultimately came to a standstill. Current discussions at the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD) involving the liberalization of environmental goods and services, as well as bilateral and regional talks such as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), are focusing on efforts to form related norms, toward which promising results are being seen.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | Free Trade; Environmental Policy; Environmental Products; Environmental Services; Trade Policy; Market Openness; Trade and Environment |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2022_011&r=env |
| By: | Katheline Schubert (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Aude Pommeret (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Francesco Ricci (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Confronted with political opposition to the implementation of efficient carbon pricing, climate policy relies on alternative policy interventions, at a cost in terms of welfare and public finance. In order to evaluate this cost, this paper studies, in the context of the energy transition, second best climate policies constrained to keeping a constant level of the carbon tax and combining it with subsidies to carbon-free electricity generation. This subsidies can take the form of a feed-in premium paid to electricity produced from carbon-free sources, or of subsidies to investment in green capacity. Within a stylized dynamic model where energy may be produced with fossil or carbon-free sources and climate policy aims at satisfying a carbon budget, we define and characterize the carbon pricing gap. We show that if the constant carbon tax is small and therefore the carbon pricing gap large, the subsidy to carbon-free sources should be so large to foster rapid build up of green capacity that it would imply large investment costs and huge financial burden on the public budget, and a large welfare loss. We calibrate the model to the European energy market to obtain orders of magnitude of the effects. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Carbon tax, Subsidies, FIP, Carbon-free energy, Policy acceptability |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-04075395&r=env |
| By: | Hansen, Gerrit; Geden, Oliver |
| Abstract: | With the publication of its Synthesis Report in March 2023, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has completed its work programme for the sixth assessment cycle. The IPCC reports, and in particular the respective Summary for Policy Makers (SPM), provide a scientific basis for negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They are a key reference in the global climate debate. The most recent Synthesis Report (SYR) is considered one of the most important sources of information for the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement, which is to be concluded at the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP28) in Dubai in December 2023. The knowledge politics surfacing in controversies that were visible during the report's adoption reflect the conflicting interests that will shape the upcoming round of new emission reduction and financing pledges. |
| Keywords: | international climate negotiations, global warming, IPCC Synthesis Report, COP28, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Paris Agreement, carbon capture and storage (CCS) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:252023&r=env |
| By: | Martinez, Elena M.; Blackstone, Nicole T.; Masters, William A.; Wilde, Parke E. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Development, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335753&r=env |
| By: | Ancev, Tihomir; Carriquiry, Miguel A.; Frabasile, Franco; Saracho, Andres; Rosas, Juan Francisco |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335895&r=env |
| By: | Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul; Aihounton, Dossou Ghislain Boris; Lokossou, Jourdain C. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Marketing, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335999&r=env |
| By: | Thomas, Pinky; Khurana, Ritika; Etienne, Xiaoli L.; Collins, Alan R. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335717&r=env |
| By: | Marcel Adenäuer; Clara Frezal; Thomas Chatzopoulos |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events can disrupt agricultural markets, but agricultural trade can help address subsequent food security concerns. Using the Aglink-Cosimo model, this stochastic scenario analysis sheds light on the complex relationships between trade and food security in an environment where extreme weather events create uncertainty. The analysis suggests that trade integration makes countries less vulnerable to negative yield shocks by mitigating the risk of extreme food prices and by stabilising food availability. Although no model can capture the complex process and consequences of opening this sector to trade, it is clear that trade integration needs to be part of a wider coherent policy package to improve food security. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Food security, Partial equilibrium modelling, Resilience, Trade integration |
| JEL: | Q17 Q18 Q54 Q56 C54 |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:198-en&r=env |
| By: | Bahrami, Shahin; Rouhi Rad, Mani; Nayga, Rodolfo M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335920&r=env |
| By: | Gendron-Carrier, Nicolas; Gonzalez-Navarro, Marco; Polloni, Stefano; Turner, Matthew A |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effect of subway system openings on urban air pollution. On average, particulate concentrations are unchanged by subway openings. For cities with higher initial pollution levels, subway openings reduce particulates by 4 percent in the area surrounding a city center. The effect decays with distance to city center and persists over the longest time horizon that we can measure with our data, about four years. For highly polluted cities, we estimate that a new subway system provides an external mortality benefit of about $1 billion per year. For less polluted cities, the effect is indistinguishable from zero. Back of the envelope cost estimates suggest that reduced mortality due to lower air pollution offsets a substantial share of the construction costs of subways. |
| Keywords: | Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Applied Economics |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt8xc9j5sm&r=env |
| By: | Lint Barrage (ETH Zurich); William Nordhaus (Cowles Foundation, Yale University) |
| Abstract: | The present study examines the assumptions, modeling structure, and preliminary results of DICE-2023, the revised Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy (DICE), updated to 2023. The revision contains major changes in the carbon and climate modules, the treatment of non-industrial greenhouse gases, discount rates, as well as updates on all the major components. The major changes are a significant reduction in the target for the optimal (cost-beneficial) temperature path, a lower cost of reaching the 2 ¡C target, an analysis of the impact of the Paris Accord, and a major increase in the estimated social cost of carbon. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2363&r=env |
| By: | Luca Benati |
| Abstract: | I use Bayesian VARs to forecast global temperatures anomalies until the end of the XXI century by exploiting their cointegration with the Joint Radiative Forcing (JRF) of the drivers of climate change. Under a ‘no change’ scenario, the most favorable median forecast predicts the land temperature anomaly to reach 5.6 Celsius degrees in 2100. Forecasts conditional on alternative paths for the JRF show that, given the extent of uncertainty, bringing climate change under control will require to bring the JRF back to the level reached in the early years of the XXI century. From a methodological point of view, my evidence suggests that previous cointegration-based studies of climate change suffer from model mis-specification. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Bayesian VARs; cointegration; forecasting; conditional forecasts |
| JEL: | E2 E3 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ube:dpvwib:dp2308&r=env |
| By: | Schmiess, Jacob S.; Lusk, Jayson L.; Valcu-Lisman, Adriana M.; Collins, LaPorchia A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335784&r=env |
| By: | Yannis Dafermos (Department of Economics, SOAS University of London) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, private and public financial institutions have increasingly focused on addressing the implications of the climate crisis. However, existing efforts to align the financial system with climate change suffer from a significant limitation: they exacerbate global climate injustice. In this paper, I identify several climate finance injustice channels and explain how these can be addressed via the development of a 'climate just financial system'. I define the latter as a system whereby climate justice criteria are incorporated into the policies governing public and private financial institutions, and the financing of private and public climate spending is in line with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. A climate just financial system has three key elements: (i) differentiated climate responsibilities for global North and global South financial institutions, with the latter primarily focusing on climate adaptation and the former prioritising climate mitigation; (ii) climate justice stabilising mechanisms that establish a permanent commitment by global North countries to provide climate financing support to global South countries without making the latter more financially vulnerable; and (iii) the incorporation of climate justice criteria in the design and use of climate mitigation tools by global North financial institutions. Creating a climate just financial system requires significant transformations in multilateral financial mechanisms, public banking, central banking, financial regulation and private financial institutions. Although these transformations would face political and technical challenges, they can potentially be overcome if climate justice gets centre stage in the climate policy agenda. |
| Keywords: | climate justice, climate-aligned development, central banking, public banking, climate finance, global financial architecture |
| JEL: | D63 E50 Q01 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:soa:wpaper:259&r=env |
| By: | Dodson, Laura L.; Dong, Fengxia; Nemec Boehm, Rebecca L.; Douglass, Cameron; Henry, Brianna; Olver, Ryan; Ranville, Michelle |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335570&r=env |
| By: | Chase, Alexander R. |
| Abstract: | The dairy industry's commitment to achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 has placed significant pressure on dairy farms, as emissions from field-to-farm gate account for the majority (78%–83%) of total emissions. This research employed the Integrated Farm System Management (IFSM) software modeling tool using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology to analyze field-to-farm gate emissions associated with various mitigation options across five heterogeneous dairy farms. A total of 70 economic models were estimated with the goal of informing stakeholders and policymakers on maintaining dairy farm economic viability while reducing GHG emissions. The IFSM modeling indicates that dairy farms have multiple mitigation options available, with the most significant reduction in GHG emissions achieved through adding pasture grazing and changing feed requirements with carbon footprint reductions from 2.7% to 26.7%. When employed alongside anaerobic digestion (AD) systems, these mitigation options resulted in a reduction in emissions ranging from 16.0% to 37.3%, albeit with a corresponding decrease in return to management (RTM) of 0.4% to 14.8%. In contrast, the most profitable approaches without utilizing AD systems, such as the use of larger Holsteins for increased milk production or increased cropland utilization, were found to yield higher profits ranging from 1.3% to 19.5% but showed a limited reduction in the carbon footprint of milk by 0.0% to 6.7%. Results demonstrate that the largest consistent increase in dairy farm profitability did not result in significant reductions in the carbon footprint of milk, and the largest mitigation options did not provide a guarantee of being cost-neutral or better. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:umapmt:336699&r=env |
| By: | Jinchi Dong (School of the Environment, Nanjing University); Jinnan Wang (School of the Environment, Nanjing University); Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, BN1 9SL Falmer, United Kingdom); Bi Jun (School of the Environment, Nanjing University) |
| Abstract: | The effects of weather on economic growth continue to be debated. Previous studies economic output, but income better reflects living standards; income and output are the same at the national level, but differ at a finer spatial scale. This study assembles a unique database comprising global subnational GDP and GDI per capita data from over 1600 regions across more than 180 countries and analyzes the effects of weather conditions on economic growth. There is a significant negative effect of annual mean temperature on income, while weather conditions do not significantly affect output per capita growth. We also find significant interaction effects between weather and weather variability, as well as different adaptations between rich and poor regions. The omission of data from a large number of poor and hot countries in previous subnational research has led to an underestimation of the economic impact of weather shocks. Focusing on output rather than income, previous studies also appear to have underestimated the impact of climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change, climate damages, gross domestic product, gross domestic income, panel regression |
| JEL: | O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:0423&r=env |
| By: | Duro Moreno, Juan Antonio; Giménez-Gómez, José Manuel; Sánchez-Soriano, Joaquín; Vilella Bach, Misericòrdia |
| Abstract: | The concept of carbon budgets has become a key and effective tool in terms of communicating the existing environmental challenge and monitoring environmental policy, in the context of the Paris agreement. In this sense, the literature has addressed different mechanisms to distribute them by countries/groups according to reasonable distribution principles, among which fairness and efficiency play an essential role. Given the problem of agreeing on indicators by countries, the paper proposes the use of claims models as a basis for this distribution, which avoid using indicators and only have to agree on elements defining the distribution rules. In this sense and based on a reference of the available global Carbon Budget (Mercator) for 2018-2050, and the CO2 forecasts taken from the intermediate scenario SSP2-45 (Middle of the road) considered by the IPCC (2021), different distribution rules are addressed proposed by the literature (equality, proportional, and α-min) and are evaluated for the available groups of countries. Two relevant exercises are proposed beyond the initial distribution based on the previous theoretical rules: first, evaluate the cost of these distributions in terms of the welfare of each group (in particular, in terms of GDP); and two, use the GDP costs themselves to propose new distribution rules that are cost-efficient. The results imply having not only a global cost-efficient distribution proposal but also an annual path. We understand that the work is useful not only in terms of its methodological proposal but also as an alternative guide that structures future distribution policies. Keywords: allocation methods; claims; carbon budgets; climate change mitigation; equity JEL classification: D7; H4; H8; Q58; Q54 |
| Keywords: | Anhídrid carbònic, Canvis climàtics--Mitigació, 502 - Natura. Estudi, conservació i protecció de la natura, |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:urv:wpaper:2072/535074&r=env |
| By: | Sandström, Christian (The Ratio Institute); Alm, Carl (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | Environmental policy is no longer about imposing regulations on industry but is increasingly regarded as industrial policy. Both the EU and national governments are taking more active roles in initiating “green deals” and various technologies aimed to result in sustainable development. In this chapter we describe and discuss some recent experiences of green innovation policies. Historical examples concerning efforts in both biogas and ethanol are combined with a more contemporary description of “fossil free” steel, i.e. steel made by using hydrogen instead of coal. We argue that the presence of large public funds from different funding bodies such as the EU, various government agencies and municipalities has distorted incentives, making it rational for firms to pursue technologies without long term potential. The result has been an absence of sustainable development, mounting debt and financial problems for those actors that have been involved. We explain these results and draw policy conclusions concerning the risks related to green deals. Relatedly, we argue that the EU’s current efforts into hydrogen gas face similar challenges. |
| Keywords: | Green deal; biogas; policy failure; entreprenörsstat; riktning |
| JEL: | O25 O31 O38 O44 Q42 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0365&r=env |
| By: | Kendra Marcoux; Katherine R. H. Wagner |
| Abstract: | The high and increasing cost of natural disasters around the world motivates a growing body of literature on the role of natural disaster insurance in adapting to climate change. This chapter reviews current challenges in both public and private natural disaster insurance markets in the United States and how the nature of these challenges has changed over the past fifty years. We discuss how the infrequent, spatially correlated, and extreme events that distinguish these markets complicate both the supply of and demand for natural disaster insurance, with spillovers to related markets such as real estate. We also highlight open questions that would be helpful to answer to inform analysis of currently proposed natural disaster insurance reforms. |
| Keywords: | natural disaster insurance, climate change, adaptation |
| JEL: | H53 H84 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10431&r=env |
| By: | Félix Bastit; David W. Shanafelt; Marielle Brunette |
| Abstract: | Natural disturbances play a key role in the long-term evolution of a forest but are by essence unforeseeable. If a sustainable management is fixed in a forest, where the harvest is equal to the forest growth (such as at maximal sustainable yield), natural disturbances could jeopardise the established equilibrium by modifying the future forest growth and possibility to harvest timber. This paper aims at studying the stability of a bio-economic equilibrium, where a forest is first managed in a sustainable way and has reached an equilibrium between the timber market and biological timber production. So far in forestry, sustainable management schemes do not appropriately integrate disturbance regimes. To overcome this issue, we describe a bio-economic equilibrium that includes a forest inventory, a local unregulated timber market (whose variations are defined by an equilibrium-displacement model), and natural disturbances. The paper investigates the short- and long-term effects following a disturbances. For reasonable descriptions of both forest evolution and timber market equilibrium, we show that there exists a critical forest inventory under which it is impossible to find a stable state where the forest inventory persists in the long term. For a forest inventory larger than this critical level, the equilibrium is what we call “meta-stable”, because while the forest inventory does often persist in the long term, there always exists a certain level of natural disturbance able to destabilize the equilibrium and, ultimately, exhaust the forest inventory. However, this threshold is often too large to threaten real forests. Finally, we derive the maximum frequency between hazards that ensures the long-term sustainability of the forest. |
| Keywords: | sustainable management, economics, local timber market, forest. |
| JEL: | Q23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2023-18&r=env |
| By: | Stump Árpád (Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem); Herczeg Bálint (HÉTFA Kutatóintézet); Szabó-Morvai Ágnes (Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Debreceni Egyetem) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effect of ambient air pollution on the number of births in the European Union. We collect air pollution data with web scraping technique and utilize variations in wind, temperature, number of heating, and cooling days as instrumental variables. There are 657 NUTS 3 regions included in the regressions, each with 2 to 6 years of observations between 2015 and 2020. Our results show that an increase in the levels of PM2.5 - PM10 pollution concentration by 1 μg/m3 (appr. 5-10%) would result in a 9% drop in the number of births next year. CO pollution levels also have a significant although smaller effect. If CO pollution concentration increases by 1 mg/m3 (appr. 15%) the number of births next year will fall by about 1%. In the heterogeneity analysis, we find that air pollution is more harmful to fertility in countries with already high pollution levels and lower GDP. This latter suggests that healthcare spending and the general level of living standard could be factors that moderate the negative consequences of ambient air pollution. To our knowledge, this is the first article to study the fertility effects of air pollution using an extended number of countries and years and at the same time including more than one air pollutant. As a result, our results have strong external validity. A remarkable novelty of our study compared to the previous literature is that after taking into account the effect of PM2.5 - PM10 and CO, the rest of the pollutants have much less role in shaping fertility outcomes compared to the findings of the previous literature. This difference is a result of the new method of this study, which examines the pollutants simultaneously instead of examining only one or a few at a time. This result can be important for environmental policies, where the limited resources should target pollution types that have the most detrimental effect on human fertility and health. |
| Keywords: | ambient air pollution, fertility, instrumental variables |
| JEL: | Q53 J13 I14 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:2310&r=env |
| By: | Tian, Guang; Conley, Shawn; Naeve, Seth; Mitchell, Paul D. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335768&r=env |
| By: | Li, Ding; Li, Ziran; Yu, Chenxi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335493&r=env |
| By: | Sophie Bernard; Florence Lapointe; Julien Martin |
| Abstract: | In this article, the authors draw on available data to report on the Canadian trade in plastic waste over the last 20 years, showing a bleak picture. They also highlight the fact that, in the absence of relevant data, it is often not possible to draw up an accurate picture of the situation, so a number of questions remain unanswered. Highlights of the study: In 2022, Canadian exports of plastic waste amounted to 175 thousand tonnes. Following China' s ban on plastic waste imports at the end of 2017—the National Sword—a large proportion of Canada's exports to China were absorbed by the US: the share of exports to the US rose from 50% in 2016 to 93% in 2021. The impact of China's ban has been very different from one province to another: between 2016 and 2021, plastic waste exports fell by 70% in British Columbia, 10% in Ontario and 4% in Quebec. Waste management policies probably have something to do with this. Today, Canada imports more plastic waste than it exports. 95% of imports come from the United States. At the end of the second session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution in Paris at the beginning of June, the Minister for the Environment and Climate Change stated that Canada is committed to negotiating a legally binding and ambitious international agreement to end plastic pollution and that fighting plastic pollution starts at home. In this context, this study is highly relevant. Dans cet article, les auteurs s’appuient sur les données disponibles pour rendre compte du commerce canadien des déchets plastiques des 20 dernières années et montrent un bilan peu reluisant. Ils soulignent aussi le fait que faute de données pertinentes, il n'est souvent pas possible de dresser un portrait précis de la situation, et donc plusieurs questions restent sans réponse. Faits saillants de l'étude : En 2022, les exportations canadiennes de déchets plastiques s’élevaient à 175 milliers de tonnes. À la suite du bannissement des importations de déchets plastiques par la Chine à la fin de 2017 — le National Sword — une large part des exportations canadiennes à destination de la Chine a été absorbée par les États-Unis : la part des exportations vers les États-Unis est passée de 50 % en 2016 à 93 % en 2021. Les répercussions du bannissement de la Chine ont été très différentes d’une province à l’autre : entre 2016 et 2021, les exportations de déchets plastiques ont diminué de 70 % en Colombie-Britannique, 10 % en Ontario et 4 % au Québec. Les politiques de gestion des déchets y sont vraisemblablement pour quelque chose. Aujourd’hui, le Canada importe davantage de déchets plastiques qu’il en exporte. 95 % des importations viennent des États-Unis. Au terme de la deuxième séance du Comité intergouvernemental de négociation sur la pollution plastique à Paris début juin, le ministre de l’Environnement et du Changement climatique déclarait que le Canada est résolu à négocier un accord international ambitieux et juridiquement contraignant pour mettre fin à la pollution plastique et que la lutte contre la pollution plastique commence chez soi. Dans ce contexte, cette étude est très pertinente. |
| Keywords: | Plastic pollution, environment, plastic waste, recycling, National Sword, Pollution plastique, environnement, déchets plastiques, recyclage, National Sword |
| Date: | 2023–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2023pj-07&r=env |
| By: | Lubos Pastor; Robert F. Stambaugh; Lucian A. Taylor |
| Abstract: | We estimate financial institutions' portfolio tilts that relate to stocks' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) characteristics. We find ESG-related tilts totaling 6% of the investment industry's assets under management in 2021. ESG tilts are significant at both the extensive margin (which stocks are held) and the intensive margin (weights on stocks held). The latter tilts are larger. Institutions divest from brown stocks more by reducing positions than by eliminating them. The industry tilts increasingly toward green stocks, due to only the largest institutions. Other institutions and households tilt increasingly toward brown stocks. UNPRI signatories tilt greener; banks tilt browner. |
| JEL: | G11 G23 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31320&r=env |
| By: | Lichtenberg, Erik; Newburn, David; Kim, Youngho |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335794&r=env |
| By: | Mary, Sebastien J.; Stoler, Avraham; Shafiq, Sarah; Craven, Kyle |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335448&r=env |
| By: | Jung, Jihyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Sung, Hankyoung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Hongwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Hanna (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Joo Hye (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Hea Ji (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 보고서는 ‘2060년 탄소중립 달성’을 선언한 중국의 탄소저감전략과 탄소가격정책의 특징을 살펴보고, 중국의 탄소가격정책이 중국 산업과 한중 경제관계에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 중국의 탄소가격정책으로 인한 산업 생산 및 비용의 변화, 한국의 수출경쟁력 및 대중국 수입·투자의 변화 등을 파악하였으며, 중국 탄소저감정책 관련 수입 공급망 리스크 대응 및 중국과의 협력 분야 모색 등에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. China’s “carbon neutral clock” has been speeding up since pivoting from its original skepticism regarding developing countries’ obligations to reduce emissions, internationally declaring in 2020 its vision of bringing carbon emissions to a peak in 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. As a developing economy that emits the largest amount of carbon in the world, China’s declaration of carbon neutrality ahead of Korea, the United States, and Japan was praised as a “historic event” adding momentum to the vision of carbon neutrality proposed by the EU, as well as certain doubts over the plausibility of this declaration. However, South Korea, which is highly dependent on China’s economy, experienced an unintended supply chain shock during the so-called “urea water crisis, ” and has come to realize the potential ripple effects caused by China’s accelerated “carbon neutral clock.” This study began with the question of and concern over how China’s carbon neutrality policy will affect not only China but also Korea. Leaving for the future a quantitative impact analysis on the entire carbon neutrality policy accompanied by economic and social transformation, this study chose to analyze the impact of China’s carbon price policy, as the first among developing countries to start a national emissions trading system (ETS). In Chapter 2, following a review of China’s carbon reduction strategy, the development process and characteristics of carbon price policy were analyzed. Aiming to meet its mid- to long-term growth target for 2035 (first stage goal of socialist modernization, doubling GDP from 2020), China has designated the target period for carbon emission peaking and achieving carbon neutrality. It plans to reduce carbon emission intensity (emission to GDP) rather than total carbon emission by 2030, the target year for carbon emission peaking, and its strategy is to reduce total carbon emission quickly by 2060 after reaching the mid- to long-term growth target in 2035. Accordingly, in the short term, it plans to control production in high-emission (i.e. high-pollution) industries to quickly reduce emissions.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | Chinas carbon neutrality; carbon pricing policy; supply chain; low-carbon/eco-friendly; Korea-China economic relations |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2022_025&r=env |
| By: | Yao, Shiyue; Larson, Justin; Baker, Justin S.; Ohrel, Sara B.; Steller, John; Bean De Hernandez, Alison |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335767&r=env |
| By: | Kadie Clark (Cambridge Associates, LLC); J. Isaac Miller (Department of Economics, University of Missouri) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the historical effects of climate change on real estate prices in Southwestern Colorado, an area strongly influenced by outdoor recreation-based tourism, and we use these estimates to make projections for future house prices in the region based on a business-as-usual carbon dioxide emissions scenario. We find that maximum and minimum local summer temperatures and minimum local winter temperatures have significant positive long-run relationships with global carbon dioxide concentrations. Moreover, once we control for non-climate factors that affect the housing market, we find that house prices have significant negative long-run relationships with maximum and minimum local summer temperatures and a significant positive long-run relationship with local winter precipitation. Projections suggest that the effects of climate change on house prices would continue through the end of the century as they have over the past few decades under the business-as-usual scenario, albeit with the addition of a small but insignificantly estimated dampening of the growth rate. Our case study focuses on the San Juan Mountain region of Southwestern Colorado, but we expect that our results generalize to other outdoor tourism destinations in the Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain West. |
| Keywords: | climate change, housing market, house price index, outdoor tourism |
| JEL: | C32 Q54 R31 Z32 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umc:wpaper:2309&r=env |
| By: | Malik, Khyati; Kim, Sowon; Cultice, Brian J. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335486&r=env |
| By: | Baehr, Tobias; Bernal Escobar, Adriana; Wollni, Meike |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335624&r=env |
| By: | Cisneros-Pineda, Alfredo; Hertel, Thomas W.; Baldos, Uris Lantz C.; Chaudhary, Abhishek |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335902&r=env |
| By: | Aina, Ifedotun V.; Thiam, Djiby Racine; Dinar, Ariel |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335539&r=env |
| By: | J. Hidalgo-Crespo (UG - Universidad de Guayaquil); C.M. Moreira (ESPOL - Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral [Guayaquil]); F.X. Jervis (ESPOL - Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral [Guayaquil]); M. Soto (UDC - University of A Coruña); J.L. Amaya (ESPOL - Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral [Guayaquil]); L. Banguera (UG - Universidad de Guayaquil) |
| Abstract: | Plastic industry is ubiquitous worldwide, and the generation of "plastic waste" has been steadily increasing to the point of being considered a high impact pollutant. The expanded polystyrene (EPS) plastic industry aware of the issue is interested on trying recycling post-consumer material. Through a recent study made in an alliance between the private sector and the academy, the feasibility of the EPS "mechanical" recycling was proven; therefore, a possible solution through a circular economy model. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the potential environmental impacts avoided by the circular economy scenario previously developed, through a life cycle assessment (LCA) performed for the city of Guayaquil, where 64% of all the plastic manufacturing industries in the country are located. The entire life cycle of 1.00 kg of 5 × 5 inch. food containers were assessed from the production stage until its end-of-life stage: focusing on three different valorization paths, circular economy closed-loop (container-to-container) proposal with electricity share of 2019 and another with the 2027 future one, and traditional linear economy (container-to-landfill). Results showed that the scenario C that considers the recycling of post-consumer EPS waste and the electricity share proposed for 2027 have lower impacts in 14 out of 16 categories, in specific for the Land use (−31%), Ozone Depletion (−28%), Acidification (−24%) and Terrestrial and Marine Eutrophication (−21%). These results strongly suggest that the recycling of these kind of plastic waste could benefit the environment greatly. |
| Keywords: | Recycling, Single-use plastics, Expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste, Circular economy, Life cycle assessment (LCA), Renewables |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04105772&r=env |
| By: | Adrien Fabre; Thomas Douenne; Linus Mattauch |
| Abstract: | We document majority support for policies entailing global redistribution and climate mitigation. Recent surveys on 40, 680 respondents in 20 countries covering 72% of global carbon emissions show strong support for an effective and progressive way to combat climate change and poverty: a global carbon price funding a global basic income, called the “Global Climate Scheme” (GCS). Using complementary surveys on 8, 000 respondents in the U.S., France, Germany, Spain, and the UK, we test several hypotheses that could reconcile strong stated support with a lack of salience in policy circles. A list experiment shows no evidence of social desirability bias, majorities are willing to sign a real-stake petition, and global redistribution ranks high in the prioritization of policies. Conjoint analyses reveal that a platform is more likely to be preferred if it contains the GCS or a global tax on millionaires. Universalistic attitudes are confirmed by an incentivized donation. In sum, our findings indicate that global policies are genuinely supported by a majority of the population. Public opinion is therefore not the reason that they do not prominently enter political debates. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, global policies, cap-and-trade, attitudes, survey |
| JEL: | P48 Q58 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0022&r=env |
| By: | Taheripour, Farzad; Chepeliev, Maksym; Karami, Omid; Sajedinia, Ehsanreza |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335927&r=env |
| By: | Kim, GwanSeon; Jeong, Hoyeon; Manlove, Jacob; Seok, Jun Ho |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335459&r=env |
| By: | Kang, Nawon; Sims, Charles; Armsworth, Paul R.; Mingie, James; Zhu, Gengping; Cho, Seong-Hoon |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335889&r=env |
| By: | Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca S.; Thompson, Alexandra; Han, Xianru; Post, Jessica; Miller, Jarrod; Newburn, David; Gedan, Keryn; Tully, Kate |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335970&r=env |
| By: | Asioli, Daniele; Zhou, Xiao; Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, Anni; Vanhatalo, Aila; Givens, Ian; Rondoni, Agnese; Turpeinen, Anu |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Marketing, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335660&r=env |
| By: | Gore, Christina C.; Carrel, Andre; Irwin, Elena G. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335437&r=env |
| By: | Inam, Munib; Nemati, Mehdi; Buck, Steven C. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335571&r=env |
| By: | Ottenheimer, William; Brady, Michael P.; Yoder, Jonathan K.; Rajagopalan, Kirti |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335772&r=env |
| By: | Kajaria, Swaty; Ferreira, Susana; Hashida, Yukiko |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335594&r=env |
| By: | Filomena, Mattia (Marche Polytechnic University); Picchio, Matteo (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the impact of temperatures on work-related accident rates in Italy by using daily data on weather conditions matched to administrative daily data on work-related accidents. The identification strategy of the causal effect relies on the plausible exogeneity of short-term daily temperature variations in a given spatial unit. We find that both high and cold temperatures impair occupational health by increasing workplace injury rates. The positive effect of warmer weather conditions on work-related accident rates is larger for men, in manufacturing and service sectors, and for workplace injuries. Colder temperatures lead to a substantial increase in commuting accidents, especially during rainy days. |
| Keywords: | climate change, temperatures, weather conditions, work-related accidents, job safety |
| JEL: | J28 J81 Q52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16169&r=env |
| By: | Stephan Sommer; Théo Konc; Stefan Drews |
| Abstract: | The success of climate policies depends crucially on the dynamics of public support. Using unique longitudinal data from three surveys conducted between 2019 and 2022, we study the variations of public support for carbon pricing in Germany. The period includes two relevant events: the introduction and ramping up of carbon pricing in Germany and the exogenous increase in energy prices following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Using panel methods, we show that support is very persistent over time and might have increased slightly more recently. However, people who experience high energy costs display a lower support. Regarding revenue use, we detect that social cushioning has become more popular after the introduction of carbon pricing. Our findings suggest that it is crucial to gather enough support before implementing climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Climate change mitigation, political economy, panel methods |
| JEL: | D12 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0021&r=env |
| By: | Ge, Houtian; Gomez, Miguel I.; Peters, Christian |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335742&r=env |
| By: | García Helena; Fedesarrollo; Alexander González; Marlon, Salazar |
| Abstract: | El estudio presenta qué es una transición climática justa, los retos que enfrenta Colombia en esta transición, y brinda recomendaciones sobre cómo disenar políticas públicas que ayuden a esta transición.****** Abstract: The study presents what a just climate transition is, the challenges that Colombia faces in this transition, and provides recommendations on how to design public policies that can support it. |
| Keywords: | Cambio Climático, Transición Justa, Transición Energética, Diseño de Políticas Públicas, Climate Change, Just TransitionEnergy Transition, Public Policy Design |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:020783&r=env |
| By: | Adrien Bilal; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg |
| Abstract: | We evaluate how anticipation and adaptation shape the aggregate and local costs of climate change. We develop a dynamic spatial model of the U.S. economy and its 3, 143 counties that features costly forward-looking migration and capital investment decisions. Recent methodological advances that leverage the `Master Equation' representation of the economy make the model tractable. We estimate the county-level impact of severe storms and heat waves over the 20th century on local income, population, and investment. The estimated impact of storms matches that of capital depreciation shocks in the model, while heat waves resemble combined amenity and productivity shocks. We then estimate migration and investment elasticities, as well as the structural damage functions, by matching these reduced-form results in our framework. Our findings show, first, that the impact of climate on capital depreciation magnifies the U.S. aggregate welfare costs of climate change twofold to nearly 5in 2023 under a business-as-usual warming scenario. Second, anticipation of future climate damages amplifies climate-induced worker and investment mobility, as workers and capitalists foresee the slow build-up of climate change. Third, migration reduces substantially the spatial variance in the welfare impact of climate change. Although both anticipation and migration are important for local impacts, their effect on aggregate U.S. losses from climate change is small. |
| JEL: | C6 E3 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31323&r=env |
| By: | Masayasu Asai; Janet Dwyer; Jesús Antón; Enrique Garcilazo |
| Abstract: | Agricultural and rural policies can benefit from potential synergies when designed correctly. Broadly speaking, agricultural policies target farms and food production, while rural policies focus on ensuring the development of a territory and the well-being of the rural population. Despite these differences, both policies are often applied within the same territory and share a growing interest in improving environmental sustainability and adapting to climate change, as well as improving inclusiveness, food security and nutrition, and increasing productivity and innovation. This paper calls for a constructive dialogue on policies and processes to enhance the synergies and coherence in policy advice, and helping to resolve possible trade-offs between agricultural and rural policies. There are many opportunities to build on potential synergies, including on the role of agriculture in structural change in rural areas, on diversifying farm and rural economies, and on ensuring environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Economic sustainability, Environmental sustainability, Food systems, Place-based approach, Resilience, Rural development, Social sustainability |
| JEL: | H7 O2 O3 Q18 R5 |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:197-en&r=env |
| By: | Aubrac, Charlotte J.; Harou, Aurelie P.; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Magomba, Christopher; Vasilaky, Kathryn |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335545&r=env |
| By: | Wu, Yining; Sohngen, Brent; Ludsin, Stuart A. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335844&r=env |
| By: | Zhang, Na; Khanna, Madhu; Atallah, Shadi S.; Wu, Linghui; Zhou, Qu; Kaiyu, Guan |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335939&r=env |
| By: | Koeneke, Roberto F.; Court, Christa D.; Grogan, Kelly A.; Savchenko, Olesya |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335882&r=env |
| By: | Mansfield, David; Rouhi Rad, Mani; Thayer, Anastasia W.; Manning, Dale |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335812&r=env |
| By: | Liu, Pengfei; Li, Yanggu; Zhang, Wei |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335843&r=env |
| By: | Nehring, Richard F.; Bailey, Samuel M.; Bonin, Daniel; Dimitri, Carolyn |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335491&r=env |
| By: | Xing Shi (School of Economics, Hefei University of Technology); Yujie Zeng (School of Economics, Hefei University of Technology); Yanrui Wu (Business School, The University of Western Australia); Shuai Wang (School of Economics, Hefei University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the reverse green innovation spillovers of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in Chinese multinational companies and how environmental regulation stringency in host countries moderates the relationship between OFDI and green innovation. The empirical analysis is based on an integrated dataset of publicly listed firms from 2008 to 2018. The findings demonstrate a significantly positive relationship between OFDI and the green innovation performance of multinational companies. It is also shown that environmental regulation stringency in host countries positively moderates the relationship between OFDI and green innovation. Further analysis reveals the variation of the findings across multinational companies in host countries at different development stages, with different ownership and in industries with different pollution intensities. The observations in this paper imply that the institutional environment of investment destinations matters for reverse technology spillovers, particularly reverse green technology spillovers from OFDI. |
| Keywords: | Outward foreign direct investment, Green innovation, Environmental regulation stringency, Chinese multinational companies |
| JEL: | F21 O30 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uwa:wpaper:23-05&r=env |
| By: | Cho, Chanheung; Brown, Zachary S.; Gatiboni, Luke; Baker, Justin S. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335582&r=env |
| By: | Che, Yuyuan; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Aglasan, Serkan; Burchfield, Emily |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335585&r=env |
| By: | Saha, Bijeta Bijen; Qiao, Xiaohui; Savchenko, Olesya |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335908&r=env |
| By: | Rajan, Abhishek; Savchenko, Olesya; Prince, Candice; Leary, James |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335956&r=env |
| By: | Newburn, David; Johnston, Robert J.; Wang, Haoluan; Polsky, Colin; Ndebele, Tom |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335438&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Xiaoguang; Cui, Xiaomeng; Gao, Jing |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335522&r=env |
| By: | Wright, Gemma; Noble, Michael; Barnes, Helen; Gasior, Katrin |
| Abstract: | Indonesia is among the countries with the highest exposure to natural disasters, and risks are expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Natural disasters and also other shocks require well-developed social protection systems that are able to cushion the economic consequences for those most vulnerable to these events. Many international and national organisations advocate for ‘Adaptive Social Protection’ (ASP) which links social policy with strategies on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The main emphasis is on improving households’ ability to prepare for, cope with, and adapt to shocks. This paper uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model INDOMOD to analyse the adaptiveness of the Indonesian social protection system both under normal conditions, and after a simulated hypothetical income shock caused by a natural disaster, using El Niño as a showcase. El Niño is a climate phenomenon that has the ability to change the global atmospheric circulation and as such to influence temperature and precipitation around the world. The drought caused in severely hit regions in Indonesia leads to a disruption of established crop patterns and harvest losses. The dry periods furthermore often cause forest fires affecting the livelihood of those employed in the forestry, transportation, tourism, and public health sector. The analysis focuses first on how the current tax-benefit system prepares individuals and households for a shock (Section 6.1). Secondly, it tests whether the level of preparedness improves after introducing a hypothetical policy reform by augmenting existing benefits and by introducing two new categorical benefits for old-age and disabled individuals (‘augmented reform’) (Section 6.2). Next, the analysis stress-tests the welfare system by introducing an income shock caused by a hypothetical El Nino event. Based on information from previous events, we simulate a labour market income shock to individuals living in regions more likely to be significantly hit and working in sectors affected by such an event. The analysis explores the impact of the income shock under the current tax-benefit system, under the augmented hypothetical reform and under an additional hypothetical reform that introduces emergency benefits in addition to the existing policy design (‘reactive reform’) (Section 6.3). |
| Date: | 2023–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ese:cempwp:cempa1-23&r=env |
| By: | Camille Luis (UPR HORTSYS - Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilenCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [France-Nord] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Magali Aubert (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | In the face of growing demand for local products, farmers are developing direct sales. Our research examines the impact of this strategy on farms' sustainability. Focusing on the market gardening sector, we compare metropolitan France and its overseas departments: Martinique, Guadeloupe and Reunion. These insular economies must meet national and European requirements for healthy and local production while complying with specific organizational and geographic conditions. If direct selling is considered an innovation, we first identify the factors, such as characteristics of farmers and their farm, determining its adoption. While establishing the link between such an innovation and performance, we study the impact of direct sales on farms' sustainability, inspired by the IDEA method. We use representative farm data from 2010 and 2016 and perform a propensity score matching coupled with a difference-indifference analysis. While the impact of direct sales on sustainability is effective in metropolitan France, more nuanced results are observed in insular economies. Whatever the location, direct sales provide a response to consumers' expectations in terms of product diversification. While direct sales are initially associated with product processing and tourism, these activities are gradually abandoned, in particular because of the skills necessary to their realization. In metropolitan France, direct selling modifies the relationship with certifications by developing organic production to the detriment of other types of certification. It is also accompanied by output and employment growth. Our results question the role that the environment in which farmers evolve plays in the sustainability dynamics of farms in island economies. |
| Keywords: | Direct sales, IDEA method, Island economies, Innovation, Propensity score matching, Difference-indifferences |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04111445&r=env |
| By: | Quigley, David T.; Che, Yuyuan; Yasar, Mahmut; Rejesus, Roderick M. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335586&r=env |
| By: | Ansari, Dawud |
| Abstract: | Germany and the EU plan to import hydrogen and its derivatives from the Arab Gulf states. Although Germany has signed a joint declaration of intent with the Sultanate of Oman to this end, its efforts focus primarily on Oman's larger neighbours. However, it would be a mistake to overlook Oman's potential role within German and European energy policy, geostrategy, and climate diplomacy. Oman's ambitious hydrogen plans can provide Germany and the EU with affordable clean energy; and enhanced (trade) relations with the Sultanate align with a value-based approach to trade, support global climate action, and stabilise regional power balances - thus preventing the potential of dangerous conflict. |
| Keywords: | Germany, EU, hydrogen imports, Oman, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, liquefied natural gas (LNG) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:182023&r=env |
| By: | Moeltner, Klaus; Puri, Roshan; Johnston, Robert J. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335807&r=env |
| By: | McFadden, Jonathan; Wechsler, Seth J.; Williamson, Samuel E. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335464&r=env |
| By: | Karami, Omid; Gholizadeh, Heidar; Zoghipourb, Mohammad Hossein |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335734&r=env |
| By: | Paul Deroubaix; Takuro Kobashi; L\'ena Gurriaran; Fouzi Benkhelifa; Philippe Ciais; Katsumasa Tanaka |
| Abstract: | Urban decarbonization is one of the pillars for strategies to achieve carbon neutrality around the world. However, the current speed of urban decarbonization is insufficient to keep pace with efforts to achieve this goal. Rooftop PVs integrated with electric vehicles (EVs) as battery is a promising technology capable to supply CO2-free, affordable, and dispatchable electricity in urban environments (SolarEV City Concept). Here, we evaluated Paris, France for the decarbonization potentials of rooftop PV + EV in comparison to the surrounding suburban area Ile-de-France and Kyoto, Japan. We assessed various scenarios by calculating the energy sufficiency, self-consumption, self-sufficiency, cost savings, and CO2 emission reduction of the PV + EV system or PV only system. The combination of EVs with PVs by V2H or V2B systems at the city or region level was found to be more effective in Ile-de-France than in Paris suggesting that SolarEV City is more effective for geographically larger area including Paris. If implemented at a significant scale, they can add substantial values to rooftop PV economics and keep a high self-consumption and self-sufficiency, which also allows bypassing the classical battery storage that is too expensive to be profitable. Furthermore, the systems potentially allow rapid CO2 emissions reduction; however, with already low-carbon electricity of France by nuclear power, CO2 abatement (0.020 kgCO2kWh-1 reduction from 0.063 kgCO2kWh-1) by PV + EV system can be limited, in comparison to that (0.270 kgCO2kWh-1 reduction from 0.352 kgCO2kWh-1) of Kyoto, also because of the Paris low insolation and high demands in higher latitude winter. While the SolarEV City Concept can help Paris to move one step closer to the carbon neutrality goal, there are also implementation challenges for installing PVs in Paris. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.00132&r=env |
| By: | Melkani, Aakanksha; Mieno, Taro; Hrozencik, Robert A.; Rimsaite, Renata; Brozovic, Nick; Kakimoto, Shunkei |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335606&r=env |
| By: | Msangi, Siwa M.; Gallagher, Nicholas; Maguire, Karen; Aillery, Marcel P. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335562&r=env |
| By: | Wang, Hongsha; Chen, Qihui; Zhu, Chen; Hu, Yue |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335523&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Zhenshan; Liu, Pengfei; Schultz, Eric; Kasper, Jacob |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335593&r=env |
| By: | Maertens, Annemie; Wollni, Meike; Wei, Jaizhu; Li, Lingzhi; Zhou, Li |
| Keywords: | International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335494&r=env |
| By: | Yekimov Sergiy |
| Abstract: | Agricultural production is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore it has a great influence on the dynamics of changes in global warming. The article investigated the problems faced by Czech agricultural producers on the way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The author analyzed the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions by various branches of agriculture for the period 2000-2015. The author proposed the coefficient t -covariances to determine the interdependence of the given tabular macroeconomic values. This indicator allows you to analyze the interdependence of macroeconomic variables that do not have a normal distribution. In the context of the globalization of the economy and the need to combat global warming in each country, it makes sense to produce primarily agricultural products that provide maximum added value with maximum greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2305.13253&r=env |
| By: | Deperrois, Rose; Fadhuile, Adelaide; Subervie, Julie |
| Keywords: | Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Productivity Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335538&r=env |
| By: | He, Fei; Lai, John; Court, Christa D.; Borisova, Tatiana; Athearn, Kevin R. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335650&r=env |
| By: | Saudamini Das (Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi) |
| Abstract: | United Nations reports the COVID-19 pandemic to have delayed the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as more resources were diverted to health and sanitation sectors. Scientific research attributes the COVID-19 pandemic to the loss of natural habitats of pathogens from unsustainable lifestyles that afflicted humans and puts their lives at risk. Should sustainable development or the attainment of SDGs be prioritized in post-pandemic developmental programs? Will such a policy undermine the pandemic management or the economic development of the countries? This paper examines this question by statistically analyzing the relation between SDG scores and COVID mortality in Indian states. COVID mortality is seen to be negatively related to the SDG score of the year 2020 as well as the rate of change of SDG scores between 2018 and 2020 and depicts an inverted U-shape association. This means states that fastened the attainment of SDGs in 2020 compared to 2018 witnessed fewer deaths, probably by managing the pandemic well, and states with the slow progress of SDGs witnessed more deaths. Globally, countries managing the pandemic well are seen to have suffered lower economic losses, and thus, high SDG scorer states can attain higher economic growth by better managing the pandemic. These results provide a reason to speed up the attainment of SDGs to rebuild the economy after the pandem |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awe:wpaper:457&r=env |
| By: | Diego A. Comin; Johannes Rode |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal effect of the diffusion of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on the fraction of Green Party votes in federal and state elections in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Our estimates are based on instruments that induce exogenous variation in roof appropriateness to PV installation. We find that PV adoption had a strong positive effect on Green Party votes. The effect is connected to the direct engagement of households with the PV system and does not reflect reciprocity to economic gains from PV. Our estimates likely reveal changing attitudes towards environmentally friendly values after adopting PV produced by cognitive dissonance. |
| JEL: | O14 O33 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31324&r=env |
| By: | Moon, Jin-Young (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Yoon, Sang-Ha (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Jiwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Na, Seung Kwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Sunghee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 환경, 사회 및 지배구조(ESG)를 고려하는 국제사회의 노력이 강화되는 가운데 본 연구는 정부 및 민간 차원의 ESG 대응을 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. 국제사회의 ESG 논의 쟁점 및 EU 중심으로 논의되고 있는 공급망 실사의 주요 쟁점과 국내 대응을 정리하였다. 또한 주요국의 기업을 대상으로 ESG에 대응한 성과를 비교 분석하고, 기업에 파급할 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. ESG standing for Environmental, Social and Governance has recently emerged as an important subject in the international community. Economic activities considering ESG are being strengthened, and the importance of ESG-related reporting and information disclosure is being emphasized. This study examines the global responses and major issues in ESG and analyzes the ESG scores of firms across major countries and impacts on employment and productivity. Based on these results, it aims to provide implications for government and private sector to address ESG. In Chapter 2, we examined ESG policy trends in selected countries and the key issues regarding implementation of ESG. The European Union plans to implement the new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, revised existing Non-financial Reporting Directive, requiring more companies to report more detailed sustainability information on an annual basis from 2024. Moreover, the EU aims to establishing ESG ecosystem by introducing sustainable finance strategies as well as the EU taxonomy for environmentally sound economic activities. Recently, the United States has been promoting the enhancement of disclosure regulations, especially for climate-related information, mainly driven by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Asian countries such as South Korea, Japan, China, ASEAN, and India also place increased emphasis on voluntary or mandatory ESG-related information disclosure provisions and guidelines. Chapter 2 also covers main issues and challenges to be addressed by both Korean companies and government in dealing with ESG practices and policies. First, in order to improve the consistency and comparability of ESG information, it is necessary to integrate various disclosure standards and set up an internationally accepted common standards. Next, the ability of Small and Medium Enterprises to respond to changing landscape of ESG including data disclosure and due diligence duty is increasing important in attracting investment and participating in global supply chains. In addition, since ESG information is used as important basis for decision-making by companies, investors, financial institutions, consumers, and regulators, companies need to make great efforts to improve the quality of ESG data while government should design policy to facilitate these efforts. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | Economic development; environmental policy; ESG response by the international community; Koreas challenges |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2022_005&r=env |
| By: | Joshi, Shruti; Nath, Siddhartha; Ranjan, Abhishek |
| Abstract: | The conventional estimate of technological progress and aggregate productivity growth, the total factor productivity, or TFP, can be upwardly biased if environmental externalities generated during the production processes are not accounted for. In this paper, we revisit TFP growth rates across 146 countries in the world between 1990 and 2019 after accounting for their CO2 emissions. The Global Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index suggests that although India’s conventional TFP growth stands out to be one of the highest globally, especially since 2000, India’s average annual Green TFP growth is lowest, at almost zero per cent since 2000. Our estimates suggest that mostly the OECD countries may have maintained substantial progress in terms of green TFP, whereas the emerging economies in East and Southeast Asia may also be significantly lagging. While the policy tools in India are converging towards the advanced economies, our estimates suggest that India’s relative position has improved in terms of Green TFP growth in recent years. |
| Keywords: | Green Total Factor Productivity; Directional Distance Function; Global Malmquist–Luenberger Index |
| JEL: | C43 D24 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117717&r=env |
| By: | Gao, Long; McCallister, Donna; Williams, Ryan Blake |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335667&r=env |
| By: | Ramadhani, Noviana; Wahyuni, Vika Triya; Puspitasari, Erinda Aprilia; Pandin, Maria Yovita R |
| Abstract: | The goal of this study was to determine whether environmental performance and environmental disclosure have an impact on the return on assets of the food and beverage industry. The three parameters we took into consideration for this study were return on assets (ROA), environmental performance (EP), and environmental disclosure (ED). The food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019–2021 make up the study's population. Five samples of businesses are chosen using the intentional sampling approach and certain criteria and attributes. Using the hypothesis t test and the hypothesis F test to test hypotheses Analyze data using IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The findings of the hypothesis t test indicated that the relevance of the ROA is not significantly impacted by environmental performance. According to the results of the hypothesis t test, the relevance score of (0.92) ˃ 0.05 for the ROA is not substantially impacted by environmental performance. However, environmental disclosure significantly affects ROA, with a significance value of (0.002) ˂ 0.05. The results of the hypothesis F test revealed that environmental performance and environmental disclosure have a significant impact on ROA, with a significance value of (0.92) ˃ 0.05. |
| Date: | 2023–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bfcy3&r=env |
| By: | Hrozencik, Robert A.; Rouhi Rad, Mani; Uz, Dilek |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335469&r=env |
| By: | Lucas W. Davis |
| Abstract: | One concern with subsidies for low-carbon technologies is that they tend to go predominantly to high-income households. Previous research has shown, for example, that the top income quintile receives 60% of subsidies for rooftop solar and 90% of subsidies for electric vehicles. This paper finds that heat pumps are an important exception. Using newly available U.S. nationally representative data, the paper finds that there is remarkably little correlation between heat pump adoption and household income. Nationwide, 15% of U.S. households have a heat pump as their primary heating equipment, and adoption levels are essentially identical for all income levels ranging from the bottom of the income distribution ( |
| JEL: | H23 L51 Q41 Q42 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31344&r=env |
| By: | Barcellos Lins, João Augusto; Dias Paes Ferreira, Marcelo; De Figueiredo Silva, Felipe; Basilio Tavares Ramos, Erica; Daniel, Lindomar P. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335510&r=env |
| By: | Financial Markets Department (Bank of Japan) |
| Abstract: | There is an increasing recognition that financial markets should play a greater role in terms of financial intermediation to expedite efforts in tackling climate change. Specifically, financial markets are expected to support industries' efforts to address climate change by pricing risks and opportunities arising from climate change (climate-related risks and opportunities) into financial instruments such as stocks and corporate bonds. This integration, combined with providing a more favorable environment for the issuance of climate change-related ESG bonds, would facilitate funding and investments in this area. Last year, the Bank of Japan launched the Market Functioning Survey concerning Climate Change. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the functioning of Japanese financial markets in relation to climate change and gain insights into challenges that need to be addressed for further improvement. This year, the Bank conducted the second round of the survey, involving more entities. The questionnaire for the second survey was distributed to 816 entities including issuers, investors, financial institutions, and rating agencies. This marks an increase from the first survey, which reached 663 entities. Of the distributed questionnaires, 380 entities provided responses, indicating a response rate of 47 percent. In comparison, the first survey received responses from 290 entities, resulting in a response rate of 44 percent. Similar to the findings of the first survey, respondents in the second survey viewed that climate-related risks and opportunities were priced into both the stock and corporate bond markets in Japan to a certain degree. At the same time, there was still perceived potential for further incorporation of these factors in the markets. To enhance the incorporation of climate-related risks and opportunities into market prices, many respondents raised issues regarding the availability of information and the assessment methodologies for evaluating these factors. The former included "enhancing and/or standardizing information disclosure" and "bridging data gaps on climate-related data, " while the latter included "improving transparency in ESG evaluation" and "further developing analysis methodologies." Additionally, "increasing investors and/or issuers that place a high value on climate-related risks and opportunities" was reiterated, echoing issues raised in the first survey. That being said, the results of the second survey implied positive changes in certain areas. For instance, continuous respondents, who participated in both the first and second surveys, reported that climate-related risks and opportunities were better priced in corporate bonds compared to the time of the first survey. Additionally, although the proportion of respondents raising issues about the availability of information such as "enhancing and/or standardizing information disclosure" remained high, it decreased slightly compared to the first survey. These findings align with the responses to an open-ended question, where many respondents highlighted changes that took place in the past 12 months. These changes included advancements in the development of climate-related disclosure standards, the introduction of mandatory disclosure requirements for certain items, and progress in discussions surrounding transition finance. Market stakeholders have demonstrated their commitment to addressing the issues highlighted in the survey and have been actively working towards the development of the market. In line with this, the Bank will continue conducting the survey, improving its contents, and providing information on the state of market functioning related to climate change, as well as highlighting future challenges. Furthermore, the Bank aims to contribute to the advancement of financial markets by not only monitoring developments outside of Japan but also conducting additional research and analyses on the functioning of financial markets in relation to climate change. Additionally, the Bank will engage in communication and coordination with relevant stakeholders to foster the development of market infrastructure in this domain. |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boj:bojron:ron230630a&r=env |
| By: | Penn, Jerrod; Howard, Gregory E.; Hu, Wuyang |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335998&r=env |
| By: | Yang, Ruixin; Wang, Sun Ling; Liu, Qian; Xin, Mengfei |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335450&r=env |
| By: | Wilcox, Steven W.; Just, David R.; Gomez, Miguel I.; Lin Lawell, C. Y. Cynthia; Grab, Heather |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335769&r=env |
| By: | Ghormley, Alexis N.; Outlaw, Joe L.; Fischer, Bart L.; Anderson, David P. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335929&r=env |
| By: | Santhosh, Harikrishnan; Colson, Greg; Mullen, Jeffrey D. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335804&r=env |
| By: | Yoo, Juyoung; Penn, Jerrod; Bampasidou, Maria; Hu, Wuyang |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335737&r=env |
| By: | Majeed, Fahd; Khanna, Madhu; Miao, Ruiqing; Kaiyu, Guan; Kent, Jeffery |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335923&r=env |
| By: | Julien CALAS; Antoine GODIN; Etienne ESPAGNE (World Bank); Julie Maurin (AFD) |
| Abstract: | Policy Paper 12 : Global Biodiversity Scenarios - Mandarin Version This paper aims to review and compare existing global and quantitative biodiversity scenarios that could help to build a forward-looking assessment of the consequences of biodiversity loss. More broadly, it provides a literature review of existing biodiversity scenarios and models as well as an assessment of the path forward forresearch to developing scenarios for biodiversityrelated socio-economic impacts at each step of the process:from building narratives, quantifying the impacts and dependencies, assessing the uncertainty range on the results all the way from the ecosystem to the economic and financial asset.This publication is also available in English and French. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr15269&r=env |
| By: | Marie-Noëlle WOILLEZ; Selasi YAO AVORNYO; Kwasi APPEANING ADDO; Pietro TEATINI; Philip S.J. MINDERHOUD |
| Abstract: | Coastal areas are regions of essential value that are home to a myriad of services. However, population growth and climate change along with their cascading impacts have had profound impacts on their topography and evolution. Consequently, many coastal regions, of which Ghana’s coast is no exception, are incessantly plagued with hazards that are increasing in both magnitude and frequency. Predominantly through the recurrence of floods and erosion, Ghana’s coast is increasingly becoming susceptible, with huge socioeconomic implications considering its environment dependent economy. Several previous attempts have been made to assess Ghana’s coastal vulnerability to comprehend the complexities underpinning the occurrence of these hazards. Most studies blame global sea-level rise, but coastal land subsidence could also have significant impacts. Indeed, land subsidence is a major component of relative sea-level rise in many coastal cities worldwide. Drawing on extant literature in Ghana, this scoping study provides an overview of three crucial and interrelated dimensions: sea-level rise, subsidence and coastal vulnerability. We also identify crucial knowledge gaps which impede comprehensive risk assessment of Ghana’s coast. The survey findings indicate a significant understudy of these issues albeit posing potential threats to Ghana’s coast. It brought to light the absence of a ground-validated subsidence study; a non-identification of potential local subsidence drivers; a non-availability of a subsidence-infused coastal vulnerability assessment; non existing studies on combined effects of climate change and subsidence; and huge deficits in available data for numerical modelling of coastal subsidence. A case study of the Volta delta using the PS-InSAR technique and Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys is also provided. It establishes the occurrence of subsidence. Interferograms of Sentinel-1 data from 2016 to 2020 indicated deformation rates ranging from -9.16 mm/yr to 1.77 mm/yr, with a majority of persistent scatterers (99.81%) showing land subsidence. Guided by the identified knowledge and data gaps and the need to mitigate impacts, the study recommends a thorough assessment of relative sea-level rise and coastal vulnerability; a continuous and long-term monitoring framework for drivers of change; a review of coastal management strategies; and the establishment of continuous GPS stations, tidal stations, elevation benchmarks. |
| Keywords: | Ghana |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15581&r=env |
| By: | Weng, Weizhe; Ji, Xinde; Boyle, Kevin J.; Rudstam, Lars G.; Cobourn, Kelly M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335561&r=env |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This publication examines the potential of novel fuels to decarbonise aviation and maritime shipping. Fuels like hydrogen, ammonia and synthetic hydrocarbons can be produced from renewable sources. They could also be easier to deploy than other emerging low- and zero-carbon technologies. Yet many uncertainties exist around scaling up their use. These include cost, infrastructure needs, operational requirements and health impacts. The publication reviews the latest understanding of the production and use of novel fuels in the shipping and aviation sectors and highlights the policy requirements needed to accelerate their adoption. |
| Date: | 2023–01–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:111-en&r=env |
| By: | M. Ehyaei; M. Kasaeian (Islamic Azad University, Tehran); Stéphane Abanades (PROMES - Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Armin Razmjoo (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona]); Hamed Afshari; Marc Rosen (UOIT - University of Ontario Institute of Technology); Biplab Das (National Institute of Technology [Silchar]) |
| Abstract: | Water scarcity threatens human life and it is likely to be a main concern in the next century. In this work, a novel multigeneration system (MGS) is introduced and assessed with energy, exergy, and economic analyses. This multigeneration system includes a gas cycle, multieffect distillation, an absorption refrigeration cycle, a heat recovery steam generator, and electrodialysis. Electrodialysis is integrated into this configuration to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride from brine to prevent its release to the environment with harmful impacts. The other products are electricity, cooling, and demineralized water. For the evaluation of the proposed system, one computer code is provided in engineering equation solver software. For physical properties calculation, the library of this software is used. The MGS produces 614.7 GWh of electrical energy, 87.44 GWh of cooling, 12.47 million m 3 of demineralized water, and 0.092 and 0.084 billion kilograms of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride over a year. Energy and exergy evaluations demonstrate that the MGS energy and exergy efficiencies are 31.3% and 18.7%, respectively. The highest and lowest value of exergy destruction rate is associated with the combustion chamber and pump, respectively. The economic evaluation indicates that the net present value of this proposed system is 3.8 billion US$, while the internal rate of return and payback period respectively are 0.49 and 2.1 years. |
| Keywords: | Exergy, water shortage, Multigeneration system, Gas cycle, Economic analysis |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04113893&r=env |
| By: | Kayamba-Phiri, Fundi; Abbott, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This report examines the motivation and willingness of Village Civil Protection Committees (VCPCs) and communities to mobilize resources at community level for Disaster Risk Management (DRM). To do this, a participatory action research (PAR) approach was utilized, facilitated by SWOT analyses, in combination with focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). The findings revealed that communities had prepositioned resources to prepare for disaster response as part of risk reduction. Participants identified their ability to mobilize themselves as a community; to mobilize funds and food; well trained and knowledgeable structures, good agricultural practices, and good governance as major strengths. Opportunities for resource mobilization included enterprise, piece work (ganyu), irrigation farming, access to safety net programs, and youth participation. Weaknesses included the disorganization of some community structures, lack of support or political will from community leaders and the government, lack of accountability from VCPC members, and reluctance to adopt improved agricultural practices. Community-based early warning systems, although available, are insufficient to provide effective risk reduction for natural disasters. There is a lack of documentation concerning indigenous early warning systems, which impedes the development of effective and contextual strategies for risk reduction. The recommendations include increasing awareness among traditional leaders, defining resource mobilization structures, documenting guidelines and transactions for transparency, investing in early warning infrastructure and capacity building, documenting indigenous early warning signs, and intensifying watershed restoration and conservation to increase disaster preparedness. |
| Keywords: | MALAWI; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; resource management; early warning systems; disaster risk management; climate resilience; climate vulnerability; preparedness and response; National Resilience Strategy; VCPCs; youth engagement |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:fprepo:136721&r=env |
| By: | Devrim YILMAZ; Sawsen BEN-NASR; Achilleas MANTES; Nihed BEN-KHALIFA; Issam DAGHARI |
| Abstract: | Using an empirical, multi-sectoral, open economy, Stock-Flow Consistent model, this paper assesses the long-term consequences of a sustained climate-induced decline in agricultural production for the Tunisian economy. Focus is placed on agricultural and processed food production and the feedback loops of balance sheet and liquidity effects on the real economy. The model is empirically calibrated using a range of national accounts, input-output, balance of payments and balance sheet datasets, agricultural projections from crop models and it is simulated for the period 2018- 2050. We show that costs of inaction in the face of declining agricultural production are dire for Tunisia. We find that the economy will face high and rising unemployment and inflation, growing internal and external macroeconomic imbalances and a looming balance of payments crisis, especially if global food inflation remains high in the coming decades. We then simulate two possible adaptation scenarios envisaged by policymakers and show that adaptation investments in water resources, increased water efficiency in production and a public, investmentdriven big push, can put the economy back on a sustainable path in the long run. |
| Keywords: | Tunisie |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15574&r=env |
| By: | Sheng, Di; Zhao, Xin; Waldhoff, Stephanie; Edmonds, James; Patel, Pralit; Msangi, Siwa; O'neill, Brian; Tebaldi, Claudia |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335515&r=env |
| By: | Grafström, Jonas (The Ratio Institute); Poudineh, Rahmat (The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies) |
| Abstract: | There is an increasing interest in policies that promote invention and diffusion in solar energy technologies. In this paper the question of how does support policies affect inventions and diffusion of solar PV technology and is the effect heterogeneous and counteracting is investigated. The policies investigated are Feed-in-tariffs, Public R&D stock and flow, Environmental tax, and Environmental Policy Stringency Index. A Schumpeterian technological development approach is utilized on a panel dataset covering 23 European countries between 2000 and 2019. Two econometric approaches are employed, a negative binomial regression model is used to assess inventions and a panel data fixed effect regression is used for the diffusion model. The empirical findings suggest that FITs, Public R&D stock and flow, Environmental tax and Environmental Policy Stringency Index have no statistically significant negative effect on either inventions or diffusion. In most cases for invention the policies had a statistically significant positive effect. Policy crowding out does not seem to have been present. |
| Keywords: | solceller PV; uppfinning; diffusion; Schumpeter; policy |
| JEL: | Q42 Q48 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0364&r=env |
| By: | Edward Mateosian |
| Abstract: | We attempt to record the imprint of air pollution on economic growth and vice versa, the tendency of economic growth on air pollution. The variables examined in our study are the Particulate Matter Lower than 2.5 micro, GDP per capita, GDP per working hour, Unemployment, Part of the budget for the health sector, Expenditures for medical care, Average annual temperature and Average annual precipitation. The databases used are OECD and World Bank and the data consist of OECD countries. After specification tests, the methodology consists of three specifications to produce robust results and to compare them consistently: panel data with fixed, random and pooled OLS, Difference and System GMM estimators, and the augmented mean value (AMG) estimator. The result is ambiguous as in some cases pollution seems to have a positive relationship with economic growth and in other cases their relationship is negative. On the contrary, the economic product always has a positive effect on air pollution. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, economic growth, augmented mean value estimator, panel data. |
| JEL: | F43 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eei:rpaper:eeri_rp_2023_03&r=env |
| By: | Balietti, Anca; Budjan, Angelika; Eymess, Tillmann |
| Abstract: | Guided by a theoretical framework, we study how perceived relative income affects preferences for public goods. In a randomized survey experiment, we inform respondents from India of their official income rank and elicit preferences for air quality, including actual contributions to environmental initiatives. Right-wing supporters withdraw contributions when perceived relative income increases. The effect coincides with diminished health concerns and lower intentions to utilize private protection measures against air pollution. In contrast, center-left supporters do not reduce contributions. A second survey experiment demonstrates the causality of the relationship using a novel treatment that exogenously shifts relative income perceptions. |
| Keywords: | perceived relative income; voluntary contributions; public goods; air pollution |
| Date: | 2023–06–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0729&r=env |
| By: | Deb, Prokash; Zhao, Shuoli; Wang, Haoluan; Li, Wenying |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335681&r=env |
| By: | Marie-Noëlle WOILLEZ; Femi Emmanuel Ikuemonisan; Vitalis Chidi Ozebo; Philip S.J. Minderhoud; Pietro Teatini |
| Abstract: | Nigeria’s low-lying coastal region, with its various economic activities, is vulnerable to global sea-level rise triggered by climate change. In some areas, this threat can be amplified by land subsidence, which can severely hamper coastal resilience. Several studies have investigated the vulnerability of Nigeria to global sea-level rise, but only few studies have investigated the role of increasing subsidence rates in some low-lying coastal cities, and none has provided a comprehensive review of the combined effects of these two phenomena. We propose here a synthesis of available literature on land subsidence and relative sea-level rise along the Nigerian coasts and identify current knowledge gaps. In addition, this study provides an in-depth analysis of land subsidence in the Port Harcourt area, using recently acquired Sentinel-1 satellite data. The findings indicate that land subsidence occurs in four coastal area: Lagos, Port Harcourt, Uyo, and Warri. However, the absence of active GNSS stations to calibrate and validate InSAR measurements poses the results quite uncertain. Another significant knowledge gap is the lack of records of groundwater withdrawals and piezometric evolution in recent decades. This information is necessary for reliable quantification of the link between groundwater extractions and land subsidence. Integrating measurements of recent sea-level changes with vertical land motion and piezometric data would be necessary to improve knowledge on land subsidence in Nigeria and provide relative sea-level rise projections. It is necessary to separate processes occurring on a global scale, such as sea-level rise, which are not directly under the control of the Nigerian authorities, from processes occurring locally, such as anthropogenic land subsidence, which could be mitigated. This study is a first step towards the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies against relative sea-level rise in Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | Nigéria |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15588&r=env |
| By: | Jiang, Qi; Penn, Jerrod; Hu, Wuyang |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335800&r=env |
| By: | Cabrini, Silvina M.; Schnitkey, Gary D.; Irwin, Scott H.; Colussi, Joana; Zucchini, Cristian; Rossetti, Marcelo; Elustondo, Luciana |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335987&r=env |
| By: | Aubrechtova, Jana; Heinle, Elke; Porcel, Rafel Moyà; Torres, Boris Osorno; Piloiu, Anamaria; Queiroz, Ricardo; Silvonen, Torsti; Cruz, Lia Vaz |
| Abstract: | Central banks around the world are increasingly monitoring climate change risks and how these affect their balance sheets and their monetary policy transmission. The European Central Bank (ECB) extensively reviewed its monetary policy implementation framework in 2020-21 to better account also for climate change risks. This paper describes these considerations in detail to provide a holistic perspective of one central bank’s climate-related work in relation to its monetary policy implementation framework. The paper starts by characterising the strategic reflections behind the principles of the enhanced framework and their relationship with the ECB monetary policy strategy review. Climate-related disclosures, improvements in risk assessment, a strengthened collateral framework and tilting of corporate bond purchases are the main pillars of the framework enhancements. The paper sheds light on the key motivations behind these enhancements, including the aspects that were reviewed but left unchanged. It also takes stock of the different challenges involved in the identification and estimation of climate change-related risk, how these can be partially overcome, and when they cannot be overcome, how they can constrain the ability of financial institutions, including central banks, to take further action. The integration of climate change considerations into the monetary policy implementation framework is at its inception. As data availability and quality improve, and risk methodologies develop, central banks will be able to deepen their approach. This paper also examines possible future avenues that central banks, including the ECB, might take to further refine their monetary policy implementation using an assessment framework for climate change-related adjustments. JEL Classification: E52, E58, Q54, D53 |
| Keywords: | climate change, monetary policy implementation |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2023318&r=env |
| By: | Del Rossi, Gemma; Kling, Catherine L.; Rudik, Ivan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335730&r=env |
| By: | Bian, Lei |
| Keywords: | energy storage policy; belt and road initiative; green finance; development finance institutions |
| JEL: | E6 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119356&r=env |
| By: | Easthope, Hazel; Palmer, Jasmine; Sharam, Andrea; Nethercote, Megan; Pignatta, Gloria; Crommelin, Laura |
| Abstract: | This research investigates how Australia can supply new and retrofit older apartments so that they are sustainable, that is they are comfortable; deliver cost reductions for householders while minimising consumption and waste; and maximise energy efficiencies and energy management, both in their construction and throughout their lifecycle (including through the adoption of renewable energy technologies). There is demand from residents for more sustainable apartments but speculative strata titled development means what gets built is not necessarily what consumers want. One key problem is that there are different stakeholders between the development and use phases of the building lifecycle. Design and construction decisions, impacting sustainability, are made by the speculative developer whose priorities for short-term project success differ from those of long-term residents, often perceiving sustainability features as value-add items rather than essential attributes of apartment buildings. There are also issues for owners considering retrofitting building for sustainability, including that they often only prioritise immediate issues (such as repairs and maintenance) and do not have the capacity to allocate time to forward planning, including planning for sustainability retrofits. Successful sustainable retrofits in strata buildings need to be driven either by an individual owner champion or a sustainability sub-committee made up of interested owners. The research identified six key shifts that are needed in order to produce more sustainable apartments: development teams embed sustainability in project feasibility; the design and construction of delivered apartment buildings reflects what was designed and approved; property valuation reflects building performance; the potential benefits of physical inter-dependence and shared services are realised; consumers have access to adequate information about building performance; and sustainability initiatives influence all joint decision-making. |
| Date: | 2023–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:z6yn4&r=env |
| By: | Bhattarai, Keshav; Adhikari, Ambika P. (Institute for Integrated Development Studies (IIDS)) |
| Abstract: | This paper responds to the research question, “can urban farming in Nepal help create sustainable cities?” Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, urban residents have begun to realize that food transported from long distances is not always reliable. Urban farming can help produce fresh food locally and help urban residents become self-reliant by engaging in healthy eating habits and practicing sustainable agricultural techniques in food-desert areas, while creating a positive impact on the environment through regenerative agricultural methods. In doing so, urban farms can help the growers save on food expenditures and even earn some additional income, while also improving air quality and minimizing the effects of urban heat islands. This practice also helps reduce greenhouse gases through plant carbon use efficiency (CUE), as vegetation carbon dynamics (VCD) can be adjusted while supporting the circular economy. As urban lands command higher prices than agricultural land, urban farming usually happens on residential yards, roofs, balconies, community gardens, and dedicated areas in public parks. Rainwater harvesting and redirecting can help irrigate urban farms, which can be part of rain gardens. The national census of 2021 identified that 66% of Nepal’s population lives in urban areas. However, the World Bank (2018) showed that only 21 of Nepal’s population was projected to live in urban areas in 2021. It is not debatable that the urbanization process in Nepal is on the rise. Thus, urban agriculture can play an important role in supplementing residents’ food needs. Many cities in Nepal have already successfully adapted to urban farming wherein residents grow food on their building sites, balconies, and rooftop, often growing plants in pots, vases, and other types of containers. The UN-Habitat, with the support of the European Union and local agencies, published a rooftop farming training manual (2014), showing the feasibility of urban farming in Nepal. This paper discusses how public-private partnership (PPP) can promote urban agriculture and make the process more effective and attractive to urban-farming households. It also analyzes how a PPP approach also facilitates the use of better technology, advisory support, and use of research extension activities. This paper draws on a literature review, uses remote-sensing imagery data and data from National Census Nepal 2021, and the authors’ professional experiences related to best practices in the areas to analyze the benefits and challenges related to urban farming both in Nepal and Arizona, USA. The paper provides recommendations for Nepali cities to maximize the benefit provided by urban farming. |
| Date: | 2023–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:xz4t7&r=env |
| By: | Çevik, Emre; Çevik, Emrah İsmail; Dibooglu, Sel; Cergibozan, Raif; Bugan, Mehmet Fatih; Destek, Mehmet Akif |
| Abstract: | This research investigates the relationship between clean energy stock and oil market returns utilizing Granger predictability in distribution and quantile impulse response analysis. We find that clean energy stock returns Granger predict oil price returns during "normal times" based on the distribution's center, but not vice versa. During bullish market episodes, there is bidirectional Granger predictability between the returns of clean energy stocks and oil market returns. Nonetheless, we find that clean energy stock returns Granger predict oil returns in bearish markets without any evidence of the contrary. This indicates that oil returns cannot be used to hedge the downside risk associated with renewable energy company purchases. Quantile impulse responses for the relationship between clean energy stocks and the crude oil market reveal bidirectional and significant responses, where a negative shock during an extremely down market reveals a negative response in the other market and a positive shock during an extremely up market reveals a significant positive response. This shows that neither market can be utilized to offset risks in the other market. |
| Keywords: | Clean energy returns; oil returns; risk spillovers; the hedging |
| JEL: | G1 |
| Date: | 2022–09–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117558&r=env |
| By: | Drechsler, Martin |
| Abstract: | Since many ecosystem services involve spatial scales beyond farm size, their preservation and management in agricultural systems depends on the interaction of the landowners. For the analysis of such interactive land use a dynamic generic land-use model is developed that considers different payoff structures in a systematic manner and relates land-use dynamics to payoff structure in a generic manner. A landowner’s own payoff depends on the land use on neighbouring land parcels. The landowners’ payoffs are interpreted in a game-theoretic manner which allows for a game-theoretic classification of the different land-use dynamics generated by the model. The model is analysed to determine the proportion, spatial aggregation and temporal turnover of land-use measures. The model results are applied to a number of cases from the literature in which the management of ecosystem services involves a regional scale, including pollinator conservation, pest control, and coordination incentives for the conservation of species in fragmented landscapes. Four main domains of model behaviour are identified, characterised by the proportions and temporal turnover of land-use measures, and whether the system has one or two stable equilibria. The borders between different domains are characterised by high behaviour-induced spatial aggregation of land-use measures. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem services, land use, simulation model, spatial externality |
| JEL: | C63 C65 Q20 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117605&r=env |
| By: | Saglam, Ismail |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the optimal antitrust policies for vertical price restraints in an infinitely-lived non-green supply chain channel that emits air pollution during production. The channel involves a supplier and a retailer that can either engage in sequential (Stackelberg) price competition where the supplier moves first or engage in vertical price coordination where they choose the retail price to maximize their joint profits and choose the wholesale price using the generalized Nash bargaining. We first consider the absence of an antitrust authority and characterize a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of coordination, which we call internal stability. Then, we characterize the socially optimal antitrust policies. The policies we consider involve the costly auditing of the channel to detect coordination at a fixed probability in each period and a penalty fee charged to the channel members in case coordination is detected. When coordination is internally unstable, it is socially optimal to prevent its formation if the relative abatement cost of collusive emissions is sufficiently large or if the minimum cost of auditing is sufficiently small. In the case where coordination is internally stable, destabilization is also an option for the antitrust authority. In this case, our necessary and sufficient conditions characterizing the optimal antitrust decisions imply that it is socially optimal to destabilize (allow) the vertical price coordination of the channel if both the minimum cost of auditing and the relative abatement cost of collusive emissions are sufficiently small (large) and to prevent it otherwise. |
| Keywords: | Supply chain; vertical price coordination; vertical price restraints; antitrust policy. |
| JEL: | D43 L11 L22 L42 Q52 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117587&r=env |
| By: | Stefanos Tyros; Dan Andrews; Alain de Serres |
| Abstract: | The need to rapidly decarbonise economies raises questions about whether countries’ workforces possess the requisite skills to achieve the net zero transition as well as the capacity to redeploy workers from “brown” to “green” jobs. This paper applies a task-based framework to granular data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and country-specific employment sources to generate new indicators of the green skills structure of labour markets for a large number of OECD countries and non-OECD EU countries. Significant cross-country differences emerge in the underlying supply of green skill and the potential of economies to reallocate brown job workers to green jobs within their broad occupation categories. In a majority of detailed brown occupations, workers have in principle the necessary skills to transition to green jobs, with the exception of those in production occupations, who may require more extensive re-skilling. In contrast, workers from most highly automatable occupations are generally not found to have the sufficient skills to transition to green jobs, suggesting more limited scope for the net-zero transition to reinstate labour displaced by automation. |
| Keywords: | green skills, green transition, reallocation |
| JEL: | J24 J62 J68 J82 |
| Date: | 2023–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1763-en&r=env |
| By: | John Muellbauer |
| Abstract: | A green land value tax can resolve conflicts between meeting climate goals, and equity and housing affordability, reducing intergenerational injustice. Land prices, reflected in house prices, relative to incomes are near all-time records, pricing younger citizens out of home-ownership and affordable rents. The OECD confirms that annual property taxes linked to recent market values improve macroeconomic stability and long run rates of growth. The green LVT – effectively a split-rate property tax- would consist of a charge on the land plus a charge on the building minus a discount depending on its energy usage. Regular revaluations discourage speculation and avoid cliff-edge changes. To protect cash-poor but land-rich households, everyone would have the right to defer the tax. To avoid complex interest charges, the tax authority would register a proportionate claim at the Land Registry equal to the unpaid tax for each year deferred, settled on the property’s transfer or sale. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:wpaper:1010&r=env |
| By: | Sam Cosaert; Adrián Nieto; Konstantinos Tatsiramos |
| Abstract: | We combine exogenous variation in temperature at the county-day level in the U.S. with daily time use data to examine the effect of temperature on joint time use. We show that low temperatures reduce time spent with friends but increase time spent with family. Conversely, high temperatures increase time alone but reduce time with family. We also provide evidence of the effect of temperature on joint time use being location-dependent. We rationalize this finding using a model in which the chosen time allocation is the outcome of a dual-self decision process with an indoor and an outdoor self. The two selves have different tastes for time alone, time with family, and time with friends. Weather conditions can change the influence of each self, and thereby the corresponding preferences for joint time use. We test the predictions of the model empirically by drawing on methods from the household economics literature. The test results support the hypothesis that weather affects joint time use insofar it affects where the activities take place. |
| Keywords: | temperature, joint time use, social interactions, dual-self model, indoors, outdoors |
| JEL: | D70 I31 J22 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10464&r=env |
| By: | Daniel Grainger |
| Abstract: | A dynamic model is constructed that generalises the Hartwick and Van Long (2020) endogenous discounting setup by introducing externalities and asks what implications this has for optimal natural resource extraction with constant consumption. It is shown that a modified form of the Hotelling and Hartwick rule holds in which the externality component of price is a specific function of the instantaneous user costs and cross price elasticities. It is demonstrated that the externality adjusted marginal user cost of remaining natural reserves is equal to the marginal user cost of extracted resources invested in human-made reproducible capital. This lends itself to a discrete form with a readily intuitive economic interpretation that illuminates the stepwise impact of externality pricing on optimal extraction schedules. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.04065&r=env |
| By: | Huang, Chenchen; Luo, Di; Mukherjee, Soumyatanu; Mishra, Tapas |
| Abstract: | Environmental risk (ER) has become increasingly crucial in international business, and firms endeavor to integrate environmental risk management (ERM) into business strategies. Examining a sample of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and alliances conducted by US firms from 39 host countries over the last two decades, we show that US firms tend to prefer to choose cross-border M&As over alliances when the ER of foreign partners is high, consistent with the prediction of a mean-variance utility model. The propensity towards M&As is amplified by US firms’ corporate governance quality, financial flexibility, and adherence to the host-country’s sustainability disclosure reforms. Further, US firms experience high announcement abnormal returns when they select M&A deals rather than alliances to manage high ER from foreign partners. Overall, our study provides novel insights into ERM in firms’ decision-making around international expansion. |
| Keywords: | Cross-border mergers and acquisitions; strategic alliances; corporate social responsibility; environmental risk |
| JEL: | D81 G34 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117591&r=env |
| By: | Oya Celasun; Galen Sher; Petia Topalova; Jing Zhou |
| Abstract: | Reducing transport sector emissions is an important pillar of the green transition. However, the transition to electric vehicles (EV) portends major changes in vehicle manufacturing activity, on which many livelihoods in Europe depend. Using the heterogeneity across European countries in the speed of transition to EV production and variation in sectoral and regional exposure to the automotive sector, this paper offers early evidence of the labor market implications of the EV transition. Our results suggest that the transformation of the auto sector is already having an adverse impact on employment in the affected sectors and regions, which can be expected to grow at least in the near term. Many of the affected workers will be able to retire and our analysis suggests that those who will have to transition to new “greener” jobs have a fair chance to do so when compared to other workers in the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, we find evidence that active labor market policies, specifically training, can help to reduce the adjustment costs for the affected workers. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicle; employment; green transition; labor market policy |
| Date: | 2023–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2023/116&r=env |
| By: | Richard S. J. Tol |
| Abstract: | I propose the Dominicy-Hill-Worton estimator to estimate the current climate niche of Homo Sapiens and our croplands. I use this to extrapolate the degree of unprecedentedness of future climates. Worton's peeled hull is a non-parametric, N-dimensional generalization of order statistics. Dominicy and colleagues show that Hill's estimator of the tail-index can be applied to any homogeneous function of multivariate order statistics. I apply the Dominicy-Hill estimator to transects through Worton's peels. I find a thick tail for low temperatures and a thin tail for high ones. That is, warming is more worrying than cooling. Similarly, wettening is more worrying than drying. Furthermore, temperature changes are more important than changes in precipitation. The results are not affected by income, population density, or time. I replace the Hill estimator by the QQ one and correct it for top-censoring. The qualitative results are unaffected. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.00002&r=env |
| By: | Antoine GODIN; Devrim YILMAZ; Jhan ANDRADE; Santiago BARBOSA; Diego GUEVARA; Gustavo HERNANDEZ; Leonardo ROJAS |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to understand the long-term consequences for the Colombian economy of a global low-carbon transition. The paper proposes an empirical Stock-Flow Consistent model for Colombia, encompassing relevant dynamics for the economy: details regarding the trade balance such as fossil fuel exports or propensities to import out of consumption, intermediate goods or capital goods, dependency to international financial flows to cover a trade balance deficit, and more generally financial feedback loops for all institutional sectors. We envisage different scenarios regarding fossil fuel exports and show the dramatic impacts that Colombia could face in the case of a rapid decline in such exports. We then consider policy responses consisting in industrial policies to diversify the export base and show they can help mitigate the Colombian vulnerabilities but only after a certain period of time indicating the urgency of implementing such policies in Colombia. |
| Keywords: | Colombie |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15573&r=env |
| By: | Taraba, Niclas; Mengen, Andreas |
| Abstract: | Was bedeutet eigentlich "Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement" und wann handeln Unternehmen nachhaltig und wann nicht? Um möglichst präzise und vergleichbare Antworten auf diese Frage geben zu können, wurde mit der EU-Taxonomie ein umfangreiches Rahmenwerk vorgelegt, welches im Kern nachhaltiges Management transparenter und messbarer machen soll. Dieses Klassifikationssystem nachhaltiger Tätigkeiten hat zum Ziel, Kapital in nachhaltige Wirtschaftsaktivitäten zu lenken. Die Auswirkungen auf Unternehmen gehen über die bereits in weiten Teilen eingeführte Berichtspflicht zum eigenen Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement hinaus. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass Unternehmen, die die Kriterien der EU-Taxonomie nicht oder unzureichend erfüllen, empfindliche Wettbewerbsnachteile befürchten müssen. Obwohl die EU-Taxonomie sich noch im Anfangsstadium befindet, gibt es bereits heute schon ganz konkrete Auswirkungen auf die Unternehmenspraxis. Was sind diese Auswirkungen und welche Bedeutung haben sie insbesondere für Nicht-Finanzunternehmen? Auf diese Fragen gibt die vorliegende Schrift Antworten. |
| Keywords: | EU-Taxonomie, Nachhaltigkeitsberichtserstattung, Reporting, Offenlegungspflichten, Berichtspflicht, Klassifikationssystem, Nachhaltigkeit, Transparenz, Stakeholder-Druck, European Green Deal |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hkowis:372023&r=env |
| By: | Ricardo Hausmann (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Miguel Angel Santos (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Jorge Tudela Pye; Frank Muci (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Yang Li; Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Ana Grisanti (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Jessie Lu |
| Abstract: | Loreto is a place full of contrasts. Although it is the largest department in Peru, it is one of the least populated in the country. Its capital, Iquitos, is closer to Brazil and Colombia’s border states than it is to the capitals of its neighboring regions in Peru - San Martin and Ucayali. Iquitos can only be reached by air or river, making it one of the largest cities in the world without road access. Since its foundation, Loreto's economy has depended on the exploitation of natural resources: from the Amazon rubber boom at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, to the oil extraction and exploitation of forest resources that predominate today. This model has brought with it significant environmental damage and has produced a pattern of slow and volatile growth, which has opened an ever-widening gap between the economy of the region and that of the rest of the country. Between 1980 and 2018, Loreto grew at an average compound annual growth rate four times lower than the rest of Peru. Otherwise stated, while the rest of Peru has tripled the size of its economy, Loreto increased it by just under one-third. Within the last decade (2008-2018), the region has distanced itself from its Amazonian peers in the country (Ucayali, San Martín, and Madre de Dios), which have grown at an average annual growth rate five times higher. Loreto’s average per capita income fell from three-quarters of the national average in 2008 to less than half of it by 2018. In addition to - or perhaps as a consequence of - its economic challenges, Loreto is also among the departments with the worst indicators of social development, including the highest levels of anaemia and child malnutrition in Peru. In this context, the Growth Lab at Harvard University partnered with the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to develop a research study that would provide inputs and policy recommendations to boost the development of the region and foster sustainable prosperity. |
| Keywords: | Amazon Rain Forest; Loreto, Peru |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:388a&r=env |
| By: | Tobias Schütze; Philipp C. Wichardt; Philipp Christoph Wichardt |
| Abstract: | Many environment related public goods require investment of time or effort rather than simply money. Yet, most experimental studies on public good games focus on a distribution of money. In the present paper, we report results from an experiment (N=181) comparing an effort based public goods game (both in gain/loss frame) to a standard (gain/loss) public goods game. We find lower average contributions and more free-riders in the effort treatments. These differences are highly significant statistically and in terms of effects size; the most notable effect showing for men in the loss frame (comparing standard vs. effort, contributions drop from 76.7% to 17.0%, free-riders increase from 8.3% to 82.6%, full-contributors drop from 50.0% to 13.0%). The findings suggest that the provision of environmental public goods faces more impediments than common experimental findings indicate. Moreover, they suggest that especially men become more self-focused when required to mitigate a loss with effort. Given that many environmental public goods are about avoiding losses by taking action and that most political decision makers are still men, the latter result seems to be relevant from a policy perspective. |
| Keywords: | public goods, real effort, climate change, loss aversion, gender effects |
| JEL: | C91 D91 H41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10444&r=env |
| By: | Victor Stephane (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03462364&r=env |
| By: | Luthango, Sikho; Schulze, Meike |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) is seeking out new partnerships and to strengthen existing ones, particularly with Global South states, to enhance its open strategic autonomy. This includes a resilient supply of raw materials for its twin transition to a digital and green economy. Hosting many transnational corporations, several of these partners advocate for a binding international standard to regulate business and human rights beyond the non-binding United Nations Guiding Principles (UNGPs). Thus, the EU should establish a mandate and actively engage in the negotiations for a Binding Treaty on Business and Human Rights (BHR) to consolidate its image as a defender of human rights internationally. Multilateral negotiations enable dialogue and mutual cooperation that regional and national laws on supply chain due diligence do not, and thus risk acceptance by international partners once implemented. This poses a challenge for mutual cooperation, which is necessary to achieve corporate accountability. |
| Keywords: | supply chains, human rights, environmental rights, United Nations Guiding Principles, UNGP, transnational corporations, TNC, legally binding instrument, LBI, Global Compact, BRICS states, forum non conveniens, rxtraterritorial obligations, ETOs, Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, CSDDD |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:162023&r=env |
| By: | Bärnthaler, Richard; Gough, Ian |
| Abstract: | This article deepens the framework of a sufficiency economy, defining sufficiency as the space between a floor of meeting needs and a ceiling of ungeneralizable excess. This framework can be applied to the domains of consumption and production. Complementing existing research on consumption corridors, our aim is to conceptualize the idea of a production corridor. To develop this notion, we survey a range of helpful concepts starting with objective and universal human needs to establish a “floor” and planetary boundaries to establish a “ceiling.” We then assess in some detail a range of conceptual debates that pertain to production: 1) Marxian categories of labor, 2) the production boundary, 3) provisioning and the foundational economy, 4) social reproduction, and 5) unnecessary labor. These debates permit us to start identifying essential production, which enables the satisfaction of human needs within planetary boundaries, and excess production, which contributes neither to need satisfaction nor human flourishing but drives planetary overshoot. This distinction further allows for an “in-between” domain of the economy, situated between the floor and ceiling. This discussion concludes with a more detailed model of production embedded in the framework of the sufficiency economy. We then “dynamize” this model to sketch a production corridor under climate-mitigation imperatives. It considers in turn the essential economy, the excess economy, and the in-between economy. The final section summarizes our depiction of the production corridor leading to rapid but fair decarbonization of the economy. |
| Keywords: | sufficiency; production corridors; human needs; planetary boundaries; provisioning; eco-social transformations |
| JEL: | J1 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2023–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119420&r=env |
| By: | Marina Dodlova; Michelle Escobar Carias; Michael Grimm |
| Abstract: | We assess the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children’s nutrition and education. We combine geo-coded shaking intensity data with four waves of the Haiti Demographic Health Survey, two administered before and two after the earthquake. We find lasting negative impacts of the earthquake on children’s stunting and wasting as well as on school enrolment and attendance. A one standard deviation increase in shaking intensity raises infant stunting by 0.08 standard deviations and wasting by 0.04 standard deviations. Our estimates account for the millions in aid funds allocated by the World Bank to overcome the earthquake’s aftermath. This aid mitigated but could not fully prevent the adverse effects on children’s health and education. The results are robust to alternative specifications and different measures of exposure to the earthquake. Our results highlight the need for aid in poor areas affected by natural disasters to prevent infant malnutrition and poor education. Reduced children’s health and education will have lasting private and social costs, which could easily exceed the necessary costs to counter these effects. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, earthquake, nutrition, education, school attendance, Haiti |
| JEL: | I15 I25 Q54 O10 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10505&r=env |
| By: | Tom Krebs (University of Mannheim) |
| Keywords: | Energy crisis, cost of crisis, supply shocks, resilience, renewable energy, public insurance |
| JEL: | E30 E32 E37 H12 Q40 Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agz:wpaper:2302&r=env |
| By: | Alhelo, Alzaki; Siddig, Khalid; Kirui, Oliver K. |
| Abstract: | The paper reviews the performance of the Sudanese agricultural sector over the last three decades (1990 through 2021) and examines the drivers of that performance. Key findings show that the sector’s contribution to gross domestic product was greater during the 1990–1999 period than during the other two decades; agricultural productivity as well was higher in that decade than in the subsequent two decades. The sector has remained a major source of employment and livelihood. During the last decade reviewed (2010–2021), the sector regained its leading position as a generator of foreign currency. Public investment in agriculture and government spending allocated to the sector were lower than in other countries in the region. Political elites have generally lacked commitment to development plans in the sector. Political developments in Sudan have disrupted more recent efforts to revitalize the sector. Climate change, as manifested in rising temperature, declining rainfall, and drought, is a substantial determinant currently affecting the sector. The paper discusses some broad recommendations for improving the performance of the Sudanese agricultural sector. |
| Keywords: | REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; agricultural sector; gross national product; agricultural productivity; employment; livelihoods; public investment; government spending; development; political aspects; climate change; gross domestic product |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2191&r=env |
| By: | Muriel Davies (LINEACT - Laboratoire d'Innovation Numérique pour les Entreprises et les Apprentissages au service de la Compétitivité des Territoires - CESI - CESI : groupe d’Enseignement Supérieur et de Formation Professionnelle - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université) |
| Abstract: | Pocheco est une petite fabrique d'enveloppes du Nord de la France que rien ne prédestinait à être pionnière dans la transformation écologique de l'industrie. Aujourd'hui, son efficacité écologique est exemplaire : autosuffisance en eau industrielle, autosuffisance en énergie renouvelable, approvisionnements non destructeurs de l'environnement, déchets triés et valorisés à 100%, perméabilité de 85% de la surface du site et de l'usine, maraichage en permaculture. Ce chapitre d'ouvrage présente 25 années de projets et de transformation culturelle qui ont amené à ces résultats. |
| Keywords: | Ecologie appliquée, transformation, changement |
| Date: | 2022–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04084165&r=env |
| By: | ’t Sas-Rolfes, Michael; Gooden, Jennifer Lynn |
| Abstract: | 1. Among factors that threaten wild populations of African megafauna, wildlife trade has gained prominence as a global policy issue, with concerted international campaigns aiming to influence the trade of species such as elephants, rhinos, and lions. Trade policy is strongly contested, confounding attempts to develop coherent approaches across jurisdictions and through international mechanisms such as CITES. This undermines conservation efforts. Understanding the drivers of such conflict may help to address this problem. 2. Scholars of political science increasingly recognize the power of ideas as drivers within policy processes. Guided by this literature, we developed an analytical framework and conducted a thematic analysis to examine the ideas driving wildlife trade policy conflict. Our nested case study approach examined debates over trade policy toward African elephants, rhinos, and lions, at two levels: the international policy arena of CITES and within a single country, South Africa. Informed by earlier literature, we tracked the evolution of international trade policy debates over a four-year period (2016–2019) and analysed submissions to a national policy review process in South Africa that took place during 2020. 3. During the study period, state and non-state actors contributed to vigorous trade policy debates within seven key thematic issues across the case study species. Arguments were driven by both cognitive ideas, which specify cause-and-effect relationships, and normative ideas, which are values-based and especially salient elements of anti-trade stances. 4. Fusing these cognitive and normative ideational elements, we identified three distinct over-arching narratives relating to wildlife trade policy. These three narratives align with broader environmental policy and political narratives and elucidate inherent tensions within the CITES arena. They also reveal differing ethical interpretations and perceptions of risk, precaution, and the role of property rights. 5. Policy implications: Wildlife trade policy conflict is driven at least in part by competing ideological visions, which may be entrenched by the CITES Appendix listing system. The structural role of CITES in perpetuating this polarization—and the consequences thereof—warrants further research. |
| Date: | 2023–06–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bzse5&r=env |
| By: | Jose Angel Leiva Vilaplana |
| Abstract: | La industria energética española está experimentando una gran transformación. Dicha transformación se centra en las fuentes de energía renovables, la eficiencia energética y la penetración de los vehículos eléctricos (VEs), en línea con las tendencias clave hacia un sector energético descarbonizado, electrificado, descentralizado, democratizado y digitalizado, para lograr un crecimiento económico sostenible al tiempo que se mitigan los efectos del cambio climático. Según el Plan Nacional Integrado de Energía y Clima (PNIEC) de España para 2030, (MITERD, 2020) los principales objetivos para 2030 se centran en aumentar el uso de energías renovables hasta el 42% del consumo final de energía, mejorar la eficiencia energética en un 39, 5% y alcanzar una cuota del 74% de energías renovables en la generación de electricidad. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2023-21&r=env |
| By: | Strickland, George; De Figueiredo Silva, Felipe; Vassalos, Michael; Ureta, Joan |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Consumer/Household Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335712&r=env |
| By: | Bingyou Chen; Yu Luo; Jieni Li; Yujian Li; Ying Liu; Fan Yang; Yanan Qiao |
| Abstract: | This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the Decentralized Co-governance Crowdfunding (DCC) Ecosystem, a novel solution addressing prevailing challenges in conventional crowdfunding methods faced by MSMEs and innovative projects. Among the problems it seeks to mitigate are high transaction costs, lack of transparency, fraud, and inefficient resource allocation. Leveraging a comprehensive review of the existing literature on crowdfunding economic activities and blockchain's impact on organizational governance, we propose a transformative socio-economic model based on digital tokens and decentralized co-governance. This ecosystem is marked by a tripartite community structure - the Labor, Capital, and Governance communities - each contributing uniquely to the ecosystem's operation. Our research unfolds the evolution of the DCC ecosystem through distinct phases, offering a novel understanding of socioeconomic dynamics in a decentralized digital world. It also delves into the intricate governance mechanism of the ecosystem, ensuring integrity, fairness, and a balanced distribution of value and wealth. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.00869&r=env |
| By: | Saif, Mannan; Meixia, Dong; Saleem, Tayyaba |
| Abstract: | The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aimed at connecting western China to the port of Gwadar in southwest Pakistan through an extensive network of infrastructure, trade, and investment linkages. The construction of CPEC in Pakistan has significant implications for the country's construction industry, which plays a vital role in economic growth, employment, and development. This research paper employs a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, surveys of 100 construction firms in Pakistan, and in-depth interviews with government officials, industry experts, and environmental NGOs, to examine the impact of CPEC construction on Pakistan's construction industry. The main objective of the research is to identify potential opportunities and obstacles for transnational operation management of firms within the BRI environment. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for businesses and decision-makers aiming to maximize the benefits of CPEC development while mitigating potential negative repercussions. |
| Keywords: | Belt and Road Initiative, CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor), Construction industry, Transnational operation management, Sustainability, Environmental impact, Economic impact, Investment, Technology transfer, Infrastructure development, Stakeholder engagement, Governance, Capacity building, Innovation |
| JEL: | L7 L74 |
| Date: | 2023–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117569&r=env |
| By: | Regmi, Sabina; Kim, Ayoung; Mills, Devon P.; Green, John |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335602&r=env |
| By: | Kimberly A. Berg; Chadwick C. Curtis; Nelson Mark |
| Abstract: | We use local projections to estimate the cross-country distribution of real GDP per capita growth impulse responses to global and idiosyncratic temperature shocks. Negative growth responses to global temperature at longer horizons are found for all Group of Seven countries while positive responses are found for seven of the nine poorest countries. Global temperature shocks have negative effects on growth for around half of the countries and seemingly anomalous positive effects for the other half. After controlling for latitude and average temperature, positive growth responses to global temperature shocks are more likely for countries that are poorer, have experienced slower growth, are less educated (lower high school attainment), less open to trade, and more authoritarian. |
| JEL: | E23 O13 O50 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31327&r=env |
| By: | Fabienne Cantner (Technical University of Munich (TUMCS)); Christoph Drobner (Technical University of Munich (TUMCS)); Sebastian J. Goerg (Technical University of Munich (TUMCS, SOM)) |
| Abstract: | Behaving more sustainable has been shown to signal cooperativeness in social dilemmas. We investigate whether people exploit this apparent signaling value by in ating their intention to behave sustainably without changing their actual behavior. We explore this question in an online experiment in which participants self-report the importance of sustainability in their daily lives before engaging in a prisoner's dilemma game. Using a between-subjects design, we manipulate whether participants have the opportunity to adjust their self-reported sustainability scores after receiving instructions for the game. The results show that almost 30% of participants increase their sustainability scores in anticipation of higher transfers from their matched partners. However, this greenwashing strategy proves to be unsuccessful, as higher sustainability scores do not lead to higher transfers. |
| Keywords: | Greenwashing, Social Dilemma, Signaling, Sustainability |
| JEL: | C91 H41 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aiw:wpaper:29&r=env |
| By: | Booth, Hollie (University of Oxford); Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Starkey, Malcolm |
| Abstract: | The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets a specific target for reducing the private sector’s negative impacts on biodiversity and increasing positive impacts, as part of overall efforts to halt and reverse biodiversity loss within the coming decade. In parallel, ‘nature positive’ is emerging as an inclusive and ambitious rallying call that aligns with the GBF. Yet tinkering with business as usual will not deliver these ambitions; calls for transformative change in business's relationship with biodiversity are increasingly strong. However there remains a lack of clarity on how to operationalize transformative change in the context of nature positive, particularly how to develop meaningful actions and measurable targets. This gap risks confusion, greenwashing, and failure to achieve global goals. This article aims to fill this gap, by drawing on existing literature on social change to offer a practical framework for understanding and operationalizing transformative change for business and biodiversity. We define and describe the role of transformative change towards a nature positive ambition and summarize the different types and scales of transformative actions that companies could take into a simple framework, which we illustrate with case studies from food retail and mining. This framework could be used to help companies develop and plan transformative actions, set targets, and monitor progress over time, as well as hold them accountable to ‘transformative’ claims; however, it can only contribute to a nature positive commitment if it is implemented in parallel with meaningful actions to avoid, reduce, restore, and compensate for contemporary attributable impacts. We invite companies to test our framework for their own planning, decision-making and disclosures, to advance meaningful application of transformative actions towards delivery of transformative change for a nature positive future. |
| Date: | 2023–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vk2hq&r=env |
| By: | Olivier Beaumais (LERN - Laboratoire d'Economie Rouen Normandie - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université, LISA - Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités - UPP - Université Pascal Paoli - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We explore differences in firms' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a unique dataset covering 8, 857 French firms, collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), we identify firms conducting conscious CSR and others with effective but unaware CSR activities. We then construct three CSR pillar scores for each firm, using Mokken scale analysis, a form of non-parametric item response analysis. The CSR scores, along with responses to specific questions, allow us to characterize firms that implement conscious or unaware CSR. We then estimate simple probit and count data models to show that a significant share of firms are in fact significantly engaged in unaware CSR, with no monotonic size effect. Cooperation with external actors such as NGOs mitigates the effect of firm size on the likelihood of conducting unaware CSR, while the effect of NGO campaigns against large firms is mainly to increase the environmental score of small firms in the same industry. |
| Keywords: | Corporate social responsibility, Non-parametric item response theory, Scoring, Stakeholders, SME, France |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-04003040&r=env |
| By: | Sejas Portillo, Rodolfo |
| Abstract: | I study the effects of weather conditions on the economic valuation of energy-efficiency (EE) in the UK housing market. The benefits of EE features depend directly on the expected weather over the ownership time frame (e.g. insulation for maintaining heat during cold periods). However, due to its notorious unpredictability, current weather conditions provide little to no additional information about future weather conditions (beyond common knowledge such as seasonal temperatures). Using transaction-level data of over 5 million residential property sales in England and Wales, I find that weather conditions on the month the buying decision is made can disproportionately influence the EE valuation of properties: During rough weather (i.e. cold and rainy) the EE rating of a property has a stronger influence on its sale price than during favourable weather (i.e. warm and dry). I show that these results are unlikely to be driven by energy-cost optimisation or self-selection behaviour. The consistency of the results with intuitive predictions (in the UK the benefits of EE are much higher during rough weather) highlights their importance: People understand the benefits of EE yet make biased intertemporal valuations. I model and discuss psychological biases as the most likely mechanisms and find that salience appears to have the stronger effect. I also present a novel extension to the regression-kink design (RDK) for identifying and estimating the treatment effect when the running variable also moderates the effect of another variable (via interaction). I conclude with policy recommendation. |
| JEL: | D91 R31 Q41 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119358&r=env |
| By: | Yeh, Adeline; Dai, Bingyan; Gomez, Miguel I.; Walton, Vaughn |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335548&r=env |
| By: | Matteo Alpino (Bank of Italy); Luca Citino (Bank of Italy); Annalisa Frigo (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | Using survey data from Italy, we study the effects of the 2021 energy crisis on the energy input choices of medium and large-sized industrial firms. Our instrumental variable (IV) strategy, based on the availability of fixed-price contracts subscribed before the crisis, reveals an average infra-annual price elasticity of demand very close to zero for both electricity and natural gas. Large energy consumers subject to the European Emission Trading System (EU ETS) have significantly larger natural gas elasticities and were able to partially substitute gas with other fossil fuels. Surprisingly however, their elasticity to electricity prices is similar to that of other firms. We finally show that in 2021 energy-intensive and EU ETS firms increased their final prices more than other firms, but this differential effect was mitigated by the presence of fixed-price contracts. Our evidence is valid for 2021 but does not necessarily extend to 2022. |
| Keywords: | energy crisis, price-elasticity of energy demand |
| JEL: | Q41 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_776_23&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Qihui; Wang, Hongsha; Hu, Yue |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335524&r=env |
| By: | Marson, Corissa; Abbey, Marie; Yue, Chengyan; Smith, Alan; Stowers, Carrie |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335801&r=env |
| By: | Herrington, Caitlin L.; Maredia, Mywish K.; Ortega, David L.; Reyes, Byron A. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335918&r=env |
| By: | Carry, Inga; Godehardt, Nadine; Müller, Melanie |
| Abstract: | When it comes to being supplied with raw materials, Europe faces a number of challenges. These include the diversification of European supply chains, the implementation of effective sustainability standards, and the reduction of strategic dependencies on China. What will European-Chinese raw material supply chains look like in 2030? This paper outlines three possible scenarios, illustrating the combined effects of different political and socio-economic developments and the impact they could have on European-Chinese supply chains. It aims to help political actors gain a deeper understanding of possible future trajectories and map out appropriate policy strategies in response to different scenarios. |
| Keywords: | raw materials, diversification of European supply chains, effective sustainability standards, reduction of strategic dependencies on China, Sustainability Due Diligence Directive |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:272023&r=env |
| By: | Seong, Jisub; Valle De Souza, Simone; Peterson, Christopher |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Productivity Analysis, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335845&r=env |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | After years of anticipation, Vietnam's Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh recently approved Power Development Plan 8 (PDP8, Decision 500/QĐ-TTg). This plan determines how to invest $13.5 billion per year and put the country's electricity system on the way to a net-zero future. The decision comes as Vietnam, which made a head start on other Mekong countries in the clean energy race in 2019-2021, was running out of steam. Releasing the PDP8 was critical to give a new dynamic and unlock investment in the electricity sector. |
| Date: | 2023–05–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04108991&r=env |
| By: | Arteaga, Julian; De Roux, Nicolás; Gafaro, Margarita; Ibanez, Ana Maria; Pellegrina, Heitor |
| Keywords: | International Development, International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335955&r=env |
| By: | Asuamah Yeboah, Samuel |
| Abstract: | The manufacturing sector plays a crucial role in the economic development of Ghana. This review aims to analyse the existing studies that investigate the economic linkages and spillover effects of the manufacturing sector in Ghana. The review identifies a diverse range of research papers that explore various aspects of the manufacturing sector, including its contribution to economic growth, employment generation, technological innovation, foreign direct investment, and environmental sustainability. The studies employ different methodologies such as econometric modelling, panel data analysis, and qualitative case studies to examine the interactions and effects of the manufacturing sector on other sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The findings indicate that the manufacturing sector in Ghana has positive linkages and spill over effects, including forward and backward linkages with other sectors, the promotion of industrial clusters, and the potential for generating multiplier effects. The studies also highlight the challenges faced by the sector, such as limited access to credit, infrastructure deficiencies, and the need for technological upgrading. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of policy interventions to promote the growth and competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in Ghana and maximize its positive economic impacts. |
| Keywords: | Manufacturing sector, Ghana, economic linkages, spill over effects, economic growth, employment generation, technological innovation, foreign direct investment, environmental sustainability, industrial clusters, policy interventions. |
| JEL: | L60 O14 O35 O55 |
| Date: | 2023–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117662&r=env |
| By: | Cao, Ting; House, Lisa A.; Chambers, Kerri-Ann; Mathews, Anne; Shelnutt, Karla |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335693&r=env |
| By: | Shinde, Victor (Asian Development Bank Institute); Kumar, Asok (Asian Development Bank Institute); Joshi, Dheeraj (Asian Development Bank Institute); Madan, Nikita (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | During the lockdown imposed due to the first wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there were several media reports of citizens flouting the lockdown rules in the United States. Upon closer investigation it was found that the rules were flouted mostly so that people could spend time outdoors in natural environments. This exemplifies the role of the natural environment as a panacea to the mental stress created by pandemics. River ecosystems are perhaps the greatest natural feature of any city. Efficient management of urban rivers, therefore, is strongly correlated to crisis management during pandemics like COVID-19. |
| Keywords: | master plans; governance; India; pandemic; planning; pollution; urban rivers |
| JEL: | I12 Q53 Q56 R11 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1349&r=env |
| By: | Fiore Camille (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is responsible for many premature deaths each year. Faced with this, local authorities are obliged to work collectively to define and implement strategies and actions in favor of air quality. In other words, local actors are developing inter-organizational relationships as a result of a state injunction. However, these relationships, like territorial management practices, are conducive to the development of paradoxical tensions. We seek to know in what way territorial public actors can develop and manage inter-organizational relations in the face of management paradoxes. This paper presents part of the results of Fiore's (2022) doctoral dissertation work, which is based on a multiple case study with embedded design. Our results indicate that local public actors are constrained in multiple ways and on multiple levels. These tend to accumulate to the point of forming paradoxical tensions. All of these difficulties are finally illustrated through a recursive loop, or in other words, a vicious circle. |
| Abstract: | La pollution atmosphérique est responsable de nombreux décès prématurés chaque année. Face à cela, les pouvoirs publics locaux sont dans l'obligation de travailler collectivement à la définition et à la mise en œuvre de stratégies et d'actions en faveur de la qualité de l'air. Autrement dit, les acteurs locaux développent des relations inter-organisationnelles du fait d'une injonction étatique. Cependant, celles-ci, tout comme les pratiques de management territorial, sont propices au développement de tensions paradoxales. Nous cherchons à savoir de quelle manière les acteurs publics territoriaux peuvent-ils développer et gérer des relations inter-organisationnelles face à des paradoxes de gestion. Cette communication présente une partie des résultats des travaux de thèse doctorale de Fiore (2022) qui s'appuient sur une étude de cas multiples au design enchâssé. Nos résultats indiquent que les acteurs publics locaux sont freinés de multiples manières et sur de nombreux niveaux. Ces différents tendent à se cumuler jusqu'à former des tensions paradoxales. L'ensemble de ces difficultés s'illustre finalement à travers une boucle récursive, ou dit autrement, un cercle vicieux. |
| Keywords: | interorganizational relationships, paradoxes, air quality, community of inquiry, institutional work, Relations inter-organisationnelles RIO, Paradoxes, Qualité de l'air, Communauté d'enquête, Travail institutionnel |
| Date: | 2023–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04122049&r=env |
| By: | Maihold, Günther |
| Abstract: | The traditional image of Latin America as a troubled region seems to continue even after the Covid-19 crisis, this time in the wake of the war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed by the West. Inflationary pressures, budget deficits and the danger that broad sections of the population will slip into poverty are fuelling negative scenarios. There are initial indications that some countries are already experiencing payment difficulties. Demands from Latin American governments for debt relief or the renegotiation of foreign debt are being put on the agenda as part of a reorientation of the development model towards sustainability and climate protection criteria. This requires a far-reaching structural change, away from the traditional commodity-based economies and towards an environmentally and socially compatible development path. Germany and Europe must also shift course by contributing to the conservation of natural resources and not just to their exploitation. |
| Keywords: | Latin America, economic development model, sustainability, climate protection, Just Transition, inflationary pressures, budget deficits |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:212023&r=env |
| By: | Kramer, Berber; Waweru, Carol; Malacarne, Jonathan G. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335632&r=env |
| By: | Choi, Junseok (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Lee, Juneyoung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | In response to the rapidly changing industrial landscape amid the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), net-zero race, and aging industrial infrastructure, the Korean government has designated 15 outdated industrial complexes as Smart-Green Industrial Complexes (SGICs) since 2019. Despite the Yoon Suk-yeol government has declared its commitment to SGIC policy continuation, a dearth of research has produced only scant evidence of the policy’s continued implementation. As three years have passed since the introduction of the SGIC policy, it is now time to analyze its effects and establish a strategy to enhance SGICs nationwide. This study analyzes the necessity of the SGIC policy from microeconomic and environmental-economic perspectives. Smartization, in theory, helps firms maximize productivity and profits by enabling them to produce more goods and services at the same cost (or less), contributing to the Pareto-optimization of the economy as a whole. Furthermore, SGICs provide tenant firms with energy-saving infrastructure, contributing to emissions reductions and allowing firms to share in the benefits of agglomeration. Firms at designated SGICs experienced a 6.13 percent increase in output, a 6.88 percent increase in exports, and an 8.91 percent increase in labor productivity from the first quarter of 2019 (Q1 2019) to Q2 2022. Our propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-difference (DID) analysis also confirms (at a significance level of one percent), that small and medium-size (SMEs) tenant firms subject to independent auditing generated roughly 2.5 percentage points more in average annual revenue and one percentage point more in operating margin (that is, the operating income-to-revenue ratio) than comparable enterprises not located in SGICs. Based on these findings, we propose a network structure for the efficient operation of SGICs, including not only the 10 leading industries the Korean government actively encourages joining SGICs but also other SGIC-related projects at public agencies. Our menu of necessary policy support measures presents a roadmap for the evolution of SGICs along with key performance indicators (KPIs) for effective performance management at these complexes. Finally, we recommend that the Korean government match the investments made by cluster unions from the Industrial Complex Environment Improvement Fund to encourage private sector investment. |
| Keywords: | industrial complexes; industrial clusters; industrial agglomeration; agglomeration effects; Industry 4.0; smart industrial complexes; smart-green industrial complexes; productivity; Pareto-optimization; network effects; industrial complex policy; Korea |
| JEL: | D22 D23 D24 D25 L52 L53 L59 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2023_002&r=env |
| By: | Uehara, Thiago Kanashiro |
| Abstract: | Attempts to reform trade to meet ecological, cultural and social goals alongside economic imperatives have not caught up with the expansion of trade. This paper proposes ways to meet this challenge and designs an original framework – the Planetary Welcare framework – for the analyses of production and consumption systems. The framework, which adopts an interdisciplinary approach to development, equity, sustainability and planetary health, brings together five interlinked principles on well-being, consumption, accountability beyond borders, reconciliation between international and place-based policymaking, and the environment. The paper first develops the framework and then applies it to the high-level strategies of the World Trade Organization and the International Fair Trade Charter, highlighting their differences and challenges. The paper demonstrates how the Planetary Welcare framework provides a relatively simple yet comprehensive set of principles to explore how production and consumption systems, including trade agreements, could contribute to achieving the highest attainable standard of health, well-being, and equity worldwide. |
| Date: | 2023–04–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2f9da&r=env |
| By: | Mohammad Reza Farzanegan; Sven Fischer |
| Abstract: | This study provides new causal evidence for the impact of a large-scale natural disaster on local economic activity in Iran using nighttime light intensity. We apply the synthetic control method (SCM) and nighttime light (NTL) data from 1992 to 2020 for 31 provinces and 429 counties to study the impact of the 2003 Bam earthquake in the Iranian Kerman Province. According to the results and statistical inference tests for the SCM, Bam County and four neighboring counties experienced a statistically significant boost in economic activity in the years following the earthquake. This increase in local economic activity can be explained by the combination of several factors, such as an unprecedented inflow of national and international disaster relief during the reformist government of President Khatami, the political trust and mobilization of civil society in this period, the cultural importance of Bam, the severity of the earthquake, and the media attention. Additionally, economic activity in Bam County returns to its pre-disaster development path after seven years. |
| Keywords: | natural disaster, natural hazard, synthetic control, earthquake, economic development, nighttime light, Iran, Bam |
| JEL: | E01 H84 O11 O44 O53 Q51 Q54 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10502&r=env |
| By: | Kramer, Berber; Waweru, Carol; Malacarne, Jonathan G. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335636&r=env |
| By: | Toyoda, Toshihisa; Cui, Qinglin; Ikeda, Masaki; Nakamura, Hiromitsu; Fujiwara, Hiromitsu |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a rapid or real-time estimation method of the economic value of direct stock damages caused by significant earthquakes in Japan. The result will contribute to both the government and private sectors’ early decision-making, particularly for provisional budget allocation. First, we developed a simple but evidence-based model for estimating stock losses explained by a representative earthquake hazard factor and an exposure factor, i.e., seismic intensity and existing stock of physical assets. The key characteristic of our estimation model is that the dependent variable is the prefectural damage amount. Still, the explanatory variables come from municipal sources: we overcome this data availability problem through our estimation process. Second, we carefully checked the model’s specification, estimation, and performance to be soundly applied to a real-time assessment of future earthquake events. We also explain the automated measuring of the prefectural direct loss value and its distribution to every 250 m mesh. Finally, we show two examples of the application of our model; one is the case of the 2018 Northern Osaka Earthquake, and the other is the anticipated Tokyo inland earthquake. |
| Keywords: | direct economic damage, real-time estimation, seismic intensity scale, existing physical stocks tsunami effect |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117037&r=env |
| By: | CDP Subgroup on voluntary national reviews |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an assessment of the Voluntary National Review (VNR) experience from 2018-2022 as an instrument of peer learning in the implementation of the UN 2030 agenda. It highlights the key findings of the annual studies by the CDP of the VNR reports submitted to the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) from 2017 to 2021. The VNRs have been successful as a process that has fully engaged Member States. The substantive content of the reports and the review process could be strengthened by: providing more analytical rather than descriptive information; focusing on achievements, challenges, and lessons learned; reflecting on the challenges of the transformative ambition of the 2030 Agenda; and including civil society inputs and shadow reports in drafting reports or presenting shadow reports at national, regional and global meetings including the HLPF. Drawing on these observations as well as those of other analyses, the report recommends launching a new approach to the reports – a VNR version 2.0. This is particularly urgent in view of the slow pace of progress and the Secretary General's call to 'rescue the SDGs'. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, SDGs, 2030 Agenda, voluntary national reviews, leaving no one behind, global partnership, inequality, gender inequality, structural transformation, productive capacities, COVID-19, pandemic preparedness |
| JEL: | F55 O1 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:une:cpaper:056&r=env |
| By: | Simon Johnson; Lukasz Rachel; Catherine Wolfram |
| Abstract: | In December 2022, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a G7-led coalition of countries imposed a $60 per barrel price cap on the sales of Russian oil that use western services. This paper provides a theoretical and quantitative analysis of this new tool. We build a tractable equilibrium model in which the financially constrained exporter of a non-renewable resource optimally exerts market power, and the price of the resource varies stochastically. An important insight from this framework is that the supply curve is inelastic and can even be downward sloping, rationalizing the patterns we observe in the data. Contrary to the fears that an introduction of the price cap will cause a damaging oil supply shock, the exporter may have strong incentives to increase extraction following the introduction of a binding price cap. In fact, when the producer is large and has market power, a price cap that applies to all or most sales significantly limits the degree to which market power is used in equilibrium and stabilizes world oil prices. But if the cap is poorly enforced, or if the sanctioned state has access to a non-compliant “shadow” fleet, the cap is less effective at stabilizing world prices. |
| JEL: | F51 L13 L71 Q41 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31347&r=env |
| By: | Xavier Ragot (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | La transition énergétique demande des investissements publics et privés nets additionnels pour la décarbonation, de l'ordre de 2 % du PIB en France en 2030 selon les estimations récentes. Par ailleurs, la croissance est contrainte par la rareté des facteurs et devrait donc plutôt diminuer par rapport à une tendance. De ce fait, cette hausse de l'investissement net devrait conduire soit à une baisse de la consommation, soit à une dégradation de la balance commerciale, indépendamment du mode de financement. Un financement de la part publique des dépenses de décarbonation par augmentation de la dette publique demande donc une hausse du taux d'épargne nationale afin de ne pas dégrader la balance commerciale. Un financement par la taxation réduit la consommation en réduisant le revenu disponible. Une considération d'équité et des contraintes d'économie politique demandent de compenser certains acteurs de la hausse des prix induite par la transition énergétique dont les effets régressifs (affectant plus que proportionnellement les plus pauvres) sont connus. Le mode de financement souhaitable dépend notamment (mais pas seulement) de la valeur relative du taux d'intérêt nominal apparent sur la dette publique (r) et de la croissance nominale (g) ainsi que de la dynamique de l'inflation à court terme. a) Si durablement r |
| Date: | 2023–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04122037&r=env |
| By: | Xavier Ragot (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | La transition énergétique demande des investissements publics et privés nets additionnels pour la décarbonation, de l'ordre de 2 % du PIB en France en 2030 selon les estimations récentes. Par ailleurs, la croissance est contrainte par la rareté des facteurs et devrait donc plutôt diminuer par rapport à une tendance. De ce fait, cette hausse de l'investissement net devrait conduire soit à une baisse de la consommation, soit à une dégradation de la balance commerciale, indépendamment du mode de financement. Un financement de la part publique des dépenses de décarbonation par augmentation de la dette publique demande donc une hausse du taux d'épargne nationale afin de ne pas dégrader la balance commerciale. Un financement par la taxation réduit la consommation en réduisant le revenu disponible. Une considération d'équité et des contraintes d'économie politique demandent de compenser certains acteurs de la hausse des prix induite par la transition énergétique dont les effets régressifs (affectant plus que proportionnellement les plus pauvres) sont connus. Le mode de financement souhaitable dépend notamment (mais pas seulement) de la valeur relative du taux d'intérêt nominal apparent sur la dette publique (r) et de la croissance nominale (g) ainsi que de la dynamique de l'inflation à court terme. a) Si durablement r |
| Date: | 2023–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-04122037&r=env |
| By: | Nehring, Richard F.; Bonin, Daniel; Bailey, Samuel M.; Leibold, Kelvin; Dimitri, Carolyn |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335490&r=env |
| By: | Li, Haoran; Van Loo, Ellen J.; Caputo, Vincenzina; Van Trijp, Hans C.M. |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335497&r=env |