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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Zen, Irina Safitri; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Doberstein, Brent |
| Abstract: | The carbon footprint of households is a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 24% of total emissions. As a result, it is critical to quantify a household's carbon footprint in order to reduce it over time. One of the best ways to measure carbon emitted from various sectors of the economy, including household daily activities, is to calculate a country's carbon footprint (CF). This study statistically examined the magnitude of households’ carbon footprints and their relationships with household daily activities and certain socio-economic demographic variables in Malaysia. Results revealed that the average household carbon footprint amounted to 11.76 t-CO2. The average also showed that the primary carbon footprint, 7.02 t-CO2 or 59.69% was higher compared to the secondary carbon footprint which was 4.73 t- CO2 or 40.22% and assessment revealed significant differences among household types. The largest carbon footprint was evident in a medium-high cost urban area, estimated at 20.14 t-CO2, while the carbon footprint found in a rural area was 9.58 t-CO2. In the latter, the primary carbon footprint was almost double the figure of 5.84 t-CO2 (61%) than the secondary carbon footprint of 3.73 t-CO2 (39%). The study reveals a higher carbon footprint in urban areas compared to rural ones depicting the effects of urbanisation and urban sprawl on household lifestyles and carbon footprints. Despite some limitations, the findings of this study will help policymakers design and implement stronger policies that enforce low-carbon activities and energy-saving goods and services in order to reduce urban Malaysia's carbon footprint dramatically. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:j5g8e&r= |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Sylvia Schwaag Serger (Lund University, Research Policy Institute); Angelos Plataniotis |
| Abstract: | The European Green Deal (EGD), introduced in December 2019 by the European Commission as Europe's Growth Plan, aims to make Europe climate-neutral, resource-efficient, socially inclusive, and innovative. The UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is a pledge to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development on a global scale by 2030, considering three pillars of sustainable development--economic, social, and environmental. The two frameworks share common objectives, one being the need for Innovation Policies to support transformations required to address current global challenges, like the Climate Crisis and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe the interdependence between innovation policy and Agenda 2030's implementation, in line with Europe's vision for Industry 5.0, and we demonstrate how funding mechanisms like the Next Generation EU recovery package, can support countries in becoming more resilient through Green and Digital Transformations. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2212&r= |
| By: | Ziętara, Wojciech; Mirkowska, Zofia |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the research is to evaluate the socio-economic consequences of increasing the area of agricultural land under organic farming in Poland. Increasing the share of organic farms in agricultural land could lead to a reduced agricultural production, which would pose a threat to food security. Implementing the principles of an integrated and precise production system of a greater range comparing to organic farming could be a competitive solution that would contribute to achieving the environmental and climate protection objectives to a greater extent, while maintaining the existing production rate. The implementation of the objectives was based on a comparative method: the authors compareorganic farms in Poland and Germany with farms applying conventional agricultural production systems. The research results demonstrate that implementing the Green Deal assumptions related to reaching 25% of agricultural land under organic farming in Poland, while maintaining the existing trends, will lead to a drop in agricultural production by approximately 11%. A competitive solution is to allocate the CAP funds to support pro-environmental measures and programs in the case of all farms. Participation in such programs should be voluntary. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–09–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:319704&r= |
| By: | Florian Leblanc (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ruben Bibas (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Silvana Mima (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Matteo Muratori (NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory); Shogo Sakamoto (Central Research Institute of Electrical Power Industry); Fuminori Sano (RITE, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth); Nico Bauer (PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research); Vassilis Daioglou (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency); Shinichiro Fujimori (NIES - National Institute for Environmental Studies); Matthew Gidden (Climate Analytics - Partenaires INRAE, IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg]); Estsushi Kato (IAE - Institute of Applied Energy); Steven Rose (EPRI - Electrical Power Research Institute - Electrical Power Research Institute); Junichi Tsutsui (Central Research Institute of Electrical Power Industry); Detlef van Vuuren (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency); John Weyant (Stanford University); Marshall Wise (University of Maryland [College Park] - University of Maryland System) |
| Abstract: | The expected growth in the demand for mobility and freight services exacerbates the challenges of reducing transport GHG emissions, especially as low-carbon alternatives to petroleum fuels are limited for shipping, air and long-distance road travel. Biofuels can offer a pathway to significantly reduce emissions from these sectors, as they can easily substitute for conventional liquid fuels in internal combustion engines. In this paper we assess the potential of bioenergy to reduce transport GHG emissions through an integrated analysis leveraging various assessment models and scenarios, as part of the 33rd Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF-33). We find that bioenergy can contribute a significant, albeit not dominant, proportion of energy supply to the transport sector: in scenarios aiming to keep the temperature increase below 2°C by the end of the 21st century, models project that bioenergy can provide in average 42 EJ/yr (ranging from 5 to 85 EJ/yr) in 2100 for transport (compared to 3.7 EJ in 2018), mainly through lignocellulosic fuels. This is 9-62% of final transport energy use. Only a small amount of bioenergy is projected to be used in transport through the electricity and hydrogen pathways, with a larger role for biofuels in road passenger transport than in freight. The association of carbon capture and storage (CCS) with bioenergy technologies (BECCS) is a key determinant in the role of biofuels in transport, because of the competition for biomass feedstock to provide other final energy carriers along with carbon removal. Among models that consider CCS in the biofuel conversion process the average market share of biofuels is 21% in 2100, compared to 10% for models that do not. Cumulative direct emissions from the transport sector account for half of the emission budget (from 300 to 670 out of 1,000 GtCO2). However, the carbon intensity of transport decreases as much as other energy sectors in 2100 when accounting for process emissions, including carbon removal from BECCS. Lignocellulosic fuels become more attractive for transport decarbonization if BECCS is not feasible for any energy sectors. Since global transport service demand increases and biomass supply is limited, its allocation to and within the transport sector is uncertain and sensitive to assumptions about political as well as technological and socioeconomic factors. |
| Keywords: | Bioenergy,Transport sector,Lignocellulosic fuels,Climate mitigation,Integrated Assessment Models |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03558507&r= |
| By: | Philippe Aghion (Collège de France); Roland Bénabou (Princeton University); Ralf Martin (Imperial College London); Alexandra Roulet (INSEAD) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects of consumers' environmental concerns and market competition on firms' decisions to innovate in "clean" technologies. Agents care about their consumption and environmental footprint; firms pursue greener products to soften price competition. Acting as complements, these forces determine R&D, pollution, and welfare. We test the theory using panel data on patents by 8,562 automobile-sector firms in 41 countries, environmental willingness-to pay, and competition. As predicted, exposure to prosocial attitudes fosters clean innovation, all the more so where competition is strong. Plausible increases in both together can spur it as much as a large fuel-price increase. |
| Keywords: | climate change, Competition, Environment, Innovation, Patents, Social Responsibility |
| JEL: | D21 D22 D62 D64 H23 O30 O31 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:econom:2021-64&r= |
| By: | Umar, Bamanga; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | The increasing level of greenhouse gas carbon emission currently exacerbates the devastating effect of global warming on the Earth’s ecosystem. Energy usage is one of the most important determinants that is increasing the amount of carbon gases being released. Simultaneously, the level of energy usage is derived by the price and therefore, this study examines the contribution of energy price to carbon gas emissions in thirteen African nations for the period spanning 1990 to 2017. It does this by utilizing the Cross-sectional Dependence (CD), Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) panel modelling methods. The findings of the AMG model suggest that a 1% increase in energy price leads to a 0.02% decerease in carbon emission. The results further reveal that a 1% increase in energy intensity and technological innovation lead to 0.04% and 3.65% increase in carbon emission, respectively, in the selected African countries. Findings will help policymakers to implement effective energy price policies to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development goals especially in the emerging economies of Africa. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ru4jz&r= |
| By: | Gregory Casey (Williams College); Stephie Fried (Arizona State University); Matthew Gibson (Williams College) |
| Abstract: | Existing climate-economy models use aggregate damage functions to model the effects of climate change. This approach assumes climate change has equal impacts on the productivity of firms that produce consumption and investment goods or services. We show the split between damage to consumption and investment productivity matters for the dynamic consequences of climate change. Drawing on the structural transformation literature, we develop a framework that incorporates heterogeneous climate damages. When investment is more vulnerable to climate, we find short-run consumption losses will be smaller than leading models with aggregate damage functions suggest, but long-run consumption losses will be larger. We quantify these effects for the climate damage from heat stress and find that accounting for heterogeneous damages increases the welfare cost of climate change by approximately 4 to 24 percent, depending on the discount factor. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Structural Transformation, Growth |
| JEL: | O13 O44 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–01–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2022-01&r= |
| By: | Jianqiang Chen; Pei-Fang Hsieh; Po-Hsuan Hsu; Ross Levine |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the impact of the 2008 Apex Oil court decision that made the creditors of some corporations financially liable for the environmental damages caused by specific pollutants. Apex reduced the circumstances under which environmental liabilities were dischargeable in Chapter 11, which generated financial incentives for the creditors of firms near bankruptcy to pressure their firms to reduce emissions of those pollutants. We discover that Apex lowered bond prices, widened loan spreads, and reduced corporate pollution among firms that (a) release the specific chemicals covered by Apex and (b) are close to Chapter 11 and hence likely to be affected by changes to the dischargeability of environmental liabilities. Further tests suggest that creditors rapidly responded to Apex and successfully induced firms to reduce pollution. |
| JEL: | G0 K0 N2 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29740&r= |
| By: | Peters, Corinna |
| Abstract: | This study assesses changes in mobility behaviour in the City of Barcelona due the COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on air pollution and GHG emissions. Urban transport is an important source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving urban mobility patterns is therefore crucial for mitigating climate change. This study combines quantitative survey data and official government data with in‐depth interviews with public administration officials of the City. Data illustrates that Barcelona has experienced an unprecedented reduction in mobility during the lockdown (a 90% drop) and mobility remained at comparatively low levels throughout the year 2020. Most remarkable is the decrease in the use of public transport in 2020 compared to pre‐pandemic levels, whereas road traffic has decreased to a lesser extent and cycling surged at times to levels up to 60% higher than pre‐pandemic levels. These changes in mobility have led to a radical and historic reduction in air pollution, with NO2 and PM10 concentration complying with WHO guidelines in 2020. Reductions in GHG emissions for Barcelona’s transport sector are estimated at almost 250.000 t CO2eq in 2020 (7% of the City’s overall annual emissions). The study derives policy implications aimed at achieving a long‐term shift towards climate‐friendlier, low‐emission transport in Barcelona, namely how to recover lost demand in public transport and seize the opportunity that the crisis brings for reform by further reducing road traffic and establishing a 'cycling culture' in Barcelona, as already achieved in other European cities. |
| Date: | 2021–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:urvn8&r= |
| By: | Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Schmid, Harald; Paulsen, Hans Marten |
| Abstract: | In close cooperation between research, extension and practice, a Germany-wide network of pilot farms was established, which formed the basis for transdisciplinary research work over a period of ten years. It comprises 40 organic and 40 conventional cash crop and dairy farms in four agricultural regions. On the pilot farms, farm data were continuously collected, stored in databases and comprehensively evaluated with models. In project phase 1 (2008 to 2013), research was conducted on climate impacts in crop production and dairy farming, and in project phase 2 (2013 to 2014) on animal welfare and resource efficiency. Whole farm optimisation was the focus of research in project phase 3 (2014 to 2021). In workshops, measures were derived to increase resource efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve husbandry conditions in dairy production. Effects on soil organic matter, nutrient, energy and greenhouse gas balances were investigated with models. Animal welfare was assessed with indicators using the Welfare Quality® Protocol and measures for improvement were derived. The research results show system- related differences in environmental and climate impacts, resource efficiency and animal welfare status between organic and conventional farms, which are, however, overlaid by the enormous individual farm variability and site influences. In the project, the advisory tools HUNTER (humus, nutrient, greenhouse gas and energy balance calculator) and TWT dairy cattle (animal welfare tool dairy cattle) were developed and tested. Hereby farmers and advisors are provided with practical tools for independent analysis and determination of important sustainability criteria. Farm managers were actively involved in the research process, e.g. through the participatory elaboration of development scenarios to improve sustainability and the joint implementation of regional and optimisation workshops. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2022–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwo:319964&r= |
| By: | Agarwala, Matthew; Burke, Matt; Klusak, Patrycja; Mohaddes, Kamiar; Volz, Ulrich; Zenghelis, Dimitri |
| Abstract: | Both the physical and transition-related impacts of climate change pose substantial macroeconomic risks. Yet, markets still lack credible estimates of how climate change will affect debt sustainability, sovereign creditworthiness and the public finances of major economies. We present a taxonomy for tracing the physical and transition impacts of climate change through to impacts on sovereign risk. We then apply the taxonomy to the UK's potential transition to net zero. Meeting internationally agreed climate targets will require an unprecedented structural transformation of the global economy over the next two or three decades. The changing landscape of risks warrants new risk management and hedging strategies to contain climate risk and minimise the impact of asset stranding and asset devaluation. Yet, conditional on action being taken early, the opportunities from managing a net zero transition would substantially outweigh the costs. |
| Keywords: | climate change; net zero; productivity; sovereign debt; transition risk; ES/V002740/1 |
| JEL: | H50 H60 H62 J24 N10 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2021–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:113775&r= |
| By: | Takuro Ashizawa (Bank of Japan); Kakuho Furukawa (Bank of Japan); Ryuichiro Hashimoto (Bank of Japan); Yoshiyasu Koide (Bank of Japan); Tomomi Naka (Bank of Japan); Kenji Nishizaki (Bank of Japan); Nao Sudo (Bank of Japan); Genichiro Suzuki (Bank of Japan) |
| Abstract: | This article overviews implications of physical risks from climate change to Japan's financial institutions (FIs), focusing on the impacts of floods on the real economy, land prices and FIs' financial conditions. Floods cause massive direct damage to human lives and material resources. The empirical analyses using Japan's data suggest that the indirect effect of such damage on the real economy, land prices, and FIs' financial conditions has not been sizable over the analysis period, as the effect diminishes over time with the progress of reconstruction. The long-term simulation using a medium-scale macroeconomic model that takes into consideration possible climate changes and increases in flood damage in the future, however, suggests that the indirect effect can have a non-negligible impact on real GDP and FIs' net worth going forward. The outlook for the physical risks is extremely uncertain, varying depending on multiple factors including the pace of transition to a de-carbonized economy and interactions between the global average temperature and the frequency and scale of disasters, as well as productivity of the economy. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Natural disaster; Physical risk; Financial stability |
| JEL: | E37 G21 Q54 R30 |
| Date: | 2022–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boj:bojrev:rev22e02&r= |
| By: | Vuong, Quan-Hoang; Le, Tam-Tri; Quang-Loc, Nguyen; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is a considerable environmental stressor for urban residents in developing countries. Perceived health risks of air pollution might induce migration intention among inhabitants. The current study employed the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) to investigate the rationale behind the domestic and international migration intentions among 475 inhabitants in Hanoi, Vietnam – one of the most polluted capital cities worldwide. We found that people perceiving more impacts of air pollution in their daily life are more likely to have migration intention. The effect of perceived air pollution impact on international migration intention is stronger than that of domestic migration. Acknowledging a family member’s air pollution-induced sickness moderated the association between perceived air pollution impact and domestic migration intention, while the personal experience of air pollution-induced sickness did not. In contrast, the moderation effect of personal experience of sickness became significant in the international migration circumstance, but the effect of information about a family member’s sickness was trivial. The findings suggest that urban inhabitants’ consideration of air pollution averting strategies reflects some characteristics of Homo Oeconomicus. Additionally, the individual’s socio-economic decision is seemingly insignificant on a social scale. Still, through environmental stressors as catalysts, such decisions might result in considerable social outcomes (e.g., internal migration and emigration). |
| Date: | 2021–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zxg83&r= |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | Mindsponge, semi-conducting principles, 3D, serendipity, environmental culture values, |
| Date: | 2021–12–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:g5zex&r= |
| By: | Laurence Amblard (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Carsten Mann |
| Abstract: | The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) adopted in 2000 set the objective of protecting and restoring water bodies across Europe. Despite the implementation of multiple regulatory and incentive-based policies to achieve the EU WFD objectives, diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a major threat on water quality. Decentralized cooperation involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders for limiting diffuse pollution in drinking water catchments has been recently developing in the French and European contexts. These cooperative arrangements rely on self-regulation among the key actors (water suppliers, farmers and other stakeholders) and target specific areas such as water catchments or water protection zones. The paper aims to identify the drivers and barriers to the achievement of EU water policy objectives in the agricultural sector by adopting a landscape perspective on water quality management. We apply a conceptual framework combining the Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) and the Institutional Design Principles (IDP) perspectives to analyze cooperation initiatives involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders to protect drinking water catchments from agricultural diffuse pollution. Three cases representing different cooperation types and water catchment areas in rural landscapes in France were investigated on the basis of primary data collected at the local, water-basin and national levels. The results show that the success of multi-stakeholder collective action depends on both local factors such as the characteristics of the water resource and stakeholders (knowledge, resources, trust and social capital) as well as on factors linked to the EU and national water and agricultural policy frameworks. Besides the identification of the drivers and constraints on the implementation of EU water policy in agricultural landscapes, the analysis highlights the conceptual added value in combining the IDP and ILM approaches for understanding collective action processes for water pollution control at the landscape level. |
| Keywords: | EU Water Framework Directive,diffuse water pollution,institutional design principles (IDP),integrated landscape management (ILM),social-ecological systems,landscape perspective |
| Date: | 2021–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03421602&r= |
| By: | Zegar, Józef Stanisław |
| Abstract: | The aim of the article is to outline the approach to developing a long-term strategy for sustainable development of agriculture in Poland. The author pre- sents the issues to be considered when pursuing such a strategy. It is limited to three issues: justification for agricultural transformation towards sustainability, approach to strategy pursuing and strategy outline. The analysis was made on the basis of literature and the author’s own reflections. It was found that the transformation of agriculture towards sustainability re- quires developing an appropriate long-term strategy, which in particular would create a framework for ongoing programs and policy interventions. When imple- menting the strategy – generational change – some objectives result directly from EU policy – in particular achieving climate neutrality and preventing biodiversity decline. Moreover, the objectives which cannot be ignored include soil fertility and food security. There is a need to develop scenarios for achieving these objec- tives with regard to the welfare and aspirations of the new generation, taking into account progress (innovation) and new demographic, climate, environmental, social, and cultural conditions at the national and international level. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2021–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:319673&r= |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Le, Tam-Tri; Nguyen, Truc-Le; Nguyen, Thuy; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | Due to perceived risks of air pollution in urban areas, inhabitants may develop intentions of migrating to another place with better air quality. The brain drain phenomenon occurs when talented workforces leave their current living places, causing serious loss of valuable human resources. The complex interactions among demographic factors that may influence migration intention require deeper investigation. Based on the theoretical foundation of the Mindsponge framework of information processing, we employ Bayesian analysis on a dataset of 475 citizens in Hanoi, Vietnam. We found the existence of the brain drain effect for both domestic and international migration intentions induced by air pollution concerns. Regarding intentions to migrate domestically, the probability is higher for young people and males than their counterparts. Our findings suggest environmental stressors can induce changes in citizen displacement on a large scale through the psychological mechanism of personal cost-benefit evaluation. Furthermore, policymakers need to consider the long-term negative effects of air pollution on human resources and strive to build an ‘eco-surplus culture’ for improving environmental sustainability and socio-economic resilience. |
| Date: | 2021–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rn2qe&r= |
| By: | Contreras Lisperguer, Rubén; Salgado, René |
| Abstract: | En esta publicación se presentan los resultados y logros de la iniciativa “Observatorio Regional sobre Energías Sostenibles (ROSE)” de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). ROSE se constituyó inicialmente como un proyecto financiado por la Cuenta de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y, en la actualidad, es un referente regional que ha ayudado a los países a desarrollar capacidades técnicas para el monitoreo del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 7, a fin de garantizar el acceso de la población a una energía asequible, segura, sostenible y moderna en el marco de la Agenda 2030. El documento incluye un análisis de las tendencias regional y subregional desde la perspectiva del acceso, las energías renovables y la eficiencia energética, así como estudios específicos de países como la Argentina, Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de), Cuba, Guyana, Panamá y el Uruguay. Proporciona también abundante información y datos estadísticos para la elaboración de nuevos trabajos o estudios sustantivos sobre el tema. Su clara estructura facilitaría, por ejemplo, la realización de un seguimiento muy estrecho de la evolución de la región respecto del ODS 7. |
| Keywords: | OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, RECURSOS ENERGETICOS, ENERGIA SOSTENIBLE, RENDIMIENTO ENERGETICO, POLITICA ENERGETICA, COOPERACION REGIONAL, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, ENERGY RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY POLICY, REGIONAL COOPERATION, ECONOMIC ASPECTS, SOCIAL ASPECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT |
| Date: | 2021–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47674&r= |
| By: | Guglielmo Zappalà (Paris School of Economics and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | Despite scientific consensus, there is no unanimity among individuals in the beliefs about climate change and its consequences. Understanding how people form these beliefs and what drives their interpretation of climatic events is essential, especially in developing countries and among agricultural communities, which may most suffer the consequences of climate change. Using survey data from rural households in Bangladesh together with a meteorological measure of excess dryness relative to historical averages, this paper studies how long-term average exposure to dryness and short-term deviations shape beliefs of increase in droughts and the interpretation of drought events. To explore how agents interpret past droughts, I use an instrumental variable approach and investigate whether individual beliefs lead to distortions of objective information in an asymmetric manner. The results show that individuals' interpretation of droughts is biased in the direction of their prior beliefs, providing suggestive evidence of confirmation bias as a directional motivated reasoning mechanism. The findings highlight the need for models that account for behavioral factors to study climate change beliefs and their implications for effective communication and adaptation policies. |
| Keywords: | Beliefs, Climate change, Droughts, Expectation formation, Motivated reasoning |
| JEL: | D10 D80 Q12 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2022.02&r= |
| By: | Sarwal, Rakesh |
| Abstract: | GIS Energy map has the potential to facilitate India's achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 which is to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. It can thereby help build energy Swaraj, and a foundation for sustainable development in the country. |
| Date: | 2021–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:n75hp&r= |
| By: | Booth, Hollie (University of Oxford); Ramdlan, M Said; Hafizh, Ayesha; Wongsopatty, Karto; Mourato, Susana (London School of Economics and Political Science); Pienkowski, Thomas; Adrianto, Luky; Milner-Gulland, E.J. |
| Abstract: | Large, long-lived marine animals (‘marine megafauna’) play critical roles in ocean ecosystems, however, they are threatened by overfishing. Technologies and practices that reduce fisheries’ impacts on marine megafauna are well documented, yet less is known about how to encourage their adoption. This is particularly challenging in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), where endangered species can have important consumptive use values. We used a novel combination of methods – scenario interviews with contingent valuation (CV) – to investigate how incentive-based interventions might influence fisher behaviour and reduce mortality of Critically Endangered taxa (hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) and wedgefish (Rhynchobatus spp.)) in two case study SSFs in Indonesia. Scenario interviews revealed that positive performance-based incentives were almost unanimously supported (98% and 96% of fishers would stop landing hammerheads and wedgefish, respectively). This is in contrast to 1% and 6% under a business as usual control scenario, and 52% and 46% in response to a regulation with a fine. Using CV, we estimated that an incentive-based scheme for catch mitigation of all hammerheads and wedgefish across both sites could cost US$71,620-298,820 annually, and save up to 18,500 hammerheads and 2,140 wedgefish relative to current catch baselines. This study provides empirical evidence that performance-based payments could offer a cost-effective, legitimate and socially-just approach for marine conservation in SSFs, and support “a sustainable and equitable blue economy” and “living in harmony with nature”. This is particularly important with the growing adoption of net-outcome goals for biodiversity, with studies such as this providing the basis for locally-appropriate investment ready schemes for bycatch-neutral seafood supply chains. |
| Date: | 2021–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bxzfs&r= |
| By: | Nicolas Clootens (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of flow pollution implied by the use of necessary non-renewable resources, fossil fuel for example, on overlapping generations (OLG) economies. Notably, it shows that, on the balanced growth path, flow pollution reduces the (negative) resources contribution to growth and increases resources conservation, capital accumulation, and growth. Flow pollution thus increases the ability of an economy to sustain a non-decreasing consumption path. Some of the results are due to (or magnified by) the OLG structure of the economy. In addition, the paper highlights the need for public intervention and shows that the optimal allocation may be decentralized using a tax on resources use and transfers. |
| Keywords: | Non-renewable Resources,Growth,Pollution,Overlapping Generations |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03544065&r= |
| By: | Stainforth, David A.; Calel, Raphael |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2021–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:113789&r= |
| By: | Fridolin Omgba Owono (Université de Yaoundé I); André Mfo (Université de Yaoundé I) |
| Abstract: | nvironmental problems, because of their transnational nature, require concerted management, within a multilateral framework, in order to find efficient and effective solutions. Awareness of this requirement has been the basis of green diplomacy since the 1970s. Clearly, it has led international actors, under the impetus of the UN and regional and sub-regional organizations, to cooperate for the protection of the environment. The complexity of this cooperation, given the multiple implications (political, security, economic and socio-cultural) of environmental problems, requires States to take into account several factors, internal and external, in adopting their positions. In Cameroon, the situation of the natural environment, in this case the total economic value (TEV) of the forest massif, is an important factor in the country's engagement in international ecopolitics. The purpose of this article is to show how Cameroon's action in favor of the international protection of the environment is influenced by its concern to preserve the multiple ecological services provided by its natural environment? The study takes a historical approach, combining a dual qualitative and quantitative focus, and draws on a variety of sources both bibliographic, electronic and field surveys. |
| Abstract: | Les problèmes environnementaux, du fait de leur caractère transnational, nécessitent une gestion concertée, dans un cadre multilatéral, en vue de trouver des solutions efficientes et efficaces. La conscience de cette exigence fonde la diplomatie verte depuis les années 1970. En clair, elle a amené les acteurs internationaux, sous l'impulsion de l'ONU et des organisations régionales et sous-régionales, à coopérer pour la protection de l'environnement. La complexité de cette coopération, eu égard aux multiples implications (politique, sécuritaire, économique et socioculturelle) des problèmes environnementaux, commande aux États de prendre en compte plusieurs facteurs, internes et externes, dans l'adoption de leurs positions. Au Cameroun, la situation de l'environnement naturel, en l'occurrence la valeur économique totale (VET) du massif forestier, est un facteur important de l'engagement du pays dans l'écopolitique internationale. L'objet de cet article est de montrer comment l'action du Cameroun en faveur de la protection internationale de l'environnement est influencée par son souci de préserver les multiples services écologiques que lui rend son milieu naturel ? L'étude adopte une approche historique, combinant une double orientation qualitative et quantitative, et s'appuie sur une variété de sources à la fois bibliographiques, électroniques et les enquêtes sur le terrain. |
| Keywords: | Cameroon.,international ecopolitics,green diplomacy,TEV,Environment,Cameroun,écopolitique internationale,diplomatie verte,VET,Environnement |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03513305&r= |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Desde la primera conferencia global sobre salud y cambio climático en 2014 se ha evidenciado la necesidad de fomentar estrategias comunes entre actores clave para reducir y adaptarse a los efectos del cambio climático sobre la salud. En esta publicación se presenta un análisis de la relación entre cambio climático y salud en relación con las condiciones sociales, económicas y ambientales, así como los análisis y procesos de capacitación respecto a los potenciales impactos del cambio climático en la incidencia de enfermedades sensibles en los países de la región del Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (SICA). Asimismo, se presentan metodologías y buenas prácticas para formular y evaluar políticas públicas orientadas al tema, recogiendo experiencias relevantes en dichos países. |
| Keywords: | CAMBIO CLIMATICO, ASPECTOS MEDICOS, SALUD, POBREZA, PERSONAS SOCIALMENTE DESFAVORECIDAS, MUJERES, NIÑOS, ANCIANOS, MIGRANTES, PUEBLOS INDIGENAS, AFRODESCENDIENTES, CLIMA, SERVICIOS DE SALUD, POLITICA SANITARIA, DIRECTRICES, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, CLIMATE CHANGE, MEDICAL ASPECTS, HEALTH, POVERTY, SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED PERSONS, WOMEN, CHILDREN, AGEING PERSONS, MIGRANTS, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DESCENT, CLIMATE, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH POLICY, GUIDELINES, CASE STUDIES |
| Date: | 2021–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:47534&r= |
| By: | Booth, Hollie (University of Oxford); Ichsan, Muhammad; Hermansyah, Rizky Fajar; Rohmah, Lailia Nur; Naira, Kusuma Banda; Adrianto, Luky; Milner-Gulland, E.J. |
| Abstract: | Fisheries bycatch is the greatest threat to migratory, long-lived marine animals. Managing bycatch can be particularly problematic in small-scale mixed-species fisheries, where perceptions of target and non-target vary widely, and all catches have economic or subsistence value. Such fisheries are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans, and represent a cross-disciplinary challenge for biodiversity, food security and livelihoods. We offer a novel approach for addressing this challenge, drawing on well-established theories from behavioural and social sciences. We first typify bycatch as a spectrum rather than a clearly delineated component of catch, where the position of a species on this spectrum depends on fishers’ beliefs regarding the outcomes of bycatch-relevant behaviour. We then outline an approach to diagnose the underlying socio-psychological drivers of bycatch, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Finally, we illustrate the approach using an empirical case study, exploring fishers’ beliefs regarding bycatch-relevant behaviour for three endangered species in a small-scale gill net fishery in Indonesia. We show how a socio-psychological approach can help to identify conflicts and synergies between bycatch mitigation and fishers’ beliefs, thus informing more effective and socially-just interventions for marine megafauna conservation. We emphasize the need to understand human dimensions of bycatch, especially in SSFs, where technical fixes alone will be insufficient to change behaviour. Rather, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to align fishers’ needs with conservation objectives. Our spectrum and approach could be widely applied for disentangling drivers of bycatch in other SSFs, and designing interventions which support effective and equitable marine conservation. |
| Date: | 2021–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:p4ahz&r= |
| By: | Murau, Steffen; Haas, Armin; Guter-Sandu, Andrei |
| Abstract: | How to finance the Green Transition towards net-zero carbon emissions remains an open question. The literature either operates within a market-failure paradigm that calls for a Pigou tax to help markets correct themselves, or via war finance analogies that offer a ‘triad’ of state intervention possibilities: taxation, treasury borrowing, and central bank money creation. These frameworks often lack a thorough conceptualisation of endogenous credit money creation, for instance when resorting to loanable funds theory, and disregard the systemic and procedural dimensions of financing the Green Transition. We propose that ‘monetary architecture’, which perceives the monetary and financial system as a constantly evolving and historically specific hierarchical web of interlocking balance sheets, offers a more comprehensive framework to conceptualize the systemic and procedural financing challenges. Using the US as an example, we draw implications of a systemic financing view while considering a division of labor between ‘firefighting’ institutions such as the Federal Reserve and the Treasury, and ‘workhorse’ institutions such as off-balance-sheet fiscal agencies, commercial banks, and shadow banks. We argue further that financing the Green Transition must undergo three ideal-typical phases—initial balance sheet expansion, long-term funding, and possibly final contraction—that require diligent macro-financial management to avoid financial instability. |
| Date: | 2022–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:sw5tu&r= |
| By: | Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | Tremendous efforts not just from the hard sciences and experts in the Global North but also social sciences and experts in the Global South will be required to make us ready for such a long and hard war. |
| Date: | 2021–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dr7yf&r= |
| By: | Peter Asare-Nuamah (UESD, Ghana); Anthony Amoah (UESD, Ghana); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | This study complements the extant literature by assessing the role of governance dynamics in food security in Ghana for the period 1980-2019. The empirical evidence is based on the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) technique and governance is categorized into: political (entailing political stability and voice & accountability), economic (consisting of regulatory quality and government effectiveness) and institutional (entailing corruption-control and the rule of law) governance dynamics. The study finds that the engaged governance dynamics improve food security in Ghana. Policy implications are discussed with specific emphasis on the sustainable development goals. |
| Keywords: | Governance; Vulnerability; Food security; Sustainable development |
| JEL: | I38 Q12 R20 O20 O55 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abh:wpaper:21/090&r= |
| By: | Zabrocki, Léo (Paris School of Economics - EHESS); Alari, Anna; Benmarhnia, Tarik |
| Abstract: | Changes in wind patterns can substantially alter the air pollution level of a city. However, it is challenging to estimate a causal effect from observed data. Since wind patterns are not randomly distributed over time and are related to other weather parameters influencing air pollution, researchers must adjust for these confounding factors. As an alternative to current practices, we implement a causal inference pipeline to embed an observational study within an hypothetical randomized experiment. We illustrate this new approach for air pollution studies using 4018 daily observations from Paris, France, over the 2008-2018 period. Using the Neyman-Rubin potential outcomes framework, we first define treatment of interest as the comparison of air pollutant concentrations when winds are blowing from the North-East (824 units) with concentrations when wind come from other directions (3,194 units). We then implement a matching algorithm to approximate a pair randomized experiment and find 119 matched pairs. By selecting units that are comparable in regards to various confounders, matching allows us to adjust nonparametrically for observed confounders while avoiding model extrapolation to treated days without similar control days. Once the balance of treated and control groups was deemed satisfactory, we estimate the average differences in air pollutant concentrations and their sampling variability using Neymanian inference, a mode of inference specifically designed for randomized experiments. We find that North-East winds increase PM10 concentrations by 4.8 μg/m³ (95% CI: 2.6, 6.9). As in any observational studies, an unobserved confounder could bias our results. We therefore carry out a quantitative bias analysis which reveals that an unobserved variable 2 times more common among treated units could make our data compatible with small negative effects up to very large effects (95% CI: -2.3, 10). Our causal inference approach highlights the importance of checking covariates balance and bias from unmeasured confounders in air pollution studies. |
| Date: | 2021–11–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:85jq9&r= |
| By: | Don Fullerton; Chi L. Ta |
| Abstract: | Our new analytical general equilibrium model is used to study effects of tightening state Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) on electricity price, CO2 emissions, fossil fuel electricity generation, and two kinds of renewable generation. We show how those outcomes depend on key state characteristics such as endowments of potential intermittent and non-intermittent (“dispatchable”) renewable sources and the degree of intermittency. Our three extensions investigate key assumptions. We prove theorems and derive empirical hypotheses about what state characteristics makes RPS programs more effective. Using U.S. state-level data from 1990 to 2015, we find the data are consistent with these hypotheses. |
| JEL: | H23 Q28 Q42 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29783&r= |
| By: | Chipperfield, Benjamin (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the impact of a national fisheries decentralisation policy on the nutritional status of children in Lao PDR. Using a double robust estimator that combines propensity score and OLS regression, our results show that the causal impacts of this policy are heterogeneous and driven by nutritional gains among younger children living in villages that rely more heavily on natural resources, with girls benefiting more than boys. We identify higher consumption of fish as one mechanism that explains these gains. This change is not accompanied by greater allocation of time to fishing or investment in fishing assets, allaying fears that decentralisation of fisheries management may lead to over-exploitation of local resources. Our findings show that nationally implemented decentralised natural resources management policies can improve welfare. |
| Keywords: | Fisheries decentralisation ; Laos ; Height for age z-score JEL Classification: Q22 ; Q28 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:19&r= |
| By: | Abdón Cifuentes, Luis |
| Abstract: | El sector de la energía es la principal fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en la región. Este estudio presenta los efectos del impuesto al CO2 en el desarrollo y la operación futura de los sistemas de generación eléctrica en Chile, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panamá, para el período 2030-2050. El mayor valor del estudio radica en la comparación de los efectos de los escenarios de tasas de impuesto al CO2 para cada país sobre la proyección base del sistema eléctrico. Se revisan las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional de cada país y se estima el efecto del impuesto sobre la capacidad instalada para el sistema eléctrico, la generación y las emisiones de GEI. Se muestra que el impuesto al carbono afecta las decisiones de inversión y operación, lo que redunda en una reducción de emisiones de GEI en todos los países. |
| Date: | 2022–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47730&r= |
| By: | Djoumessi, Berenger Tiague |
| Abstract: | I estimate the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on daily health-related behaviors, weekly labor supply, and productivity at the workplace among US individuals. Using an individual fixed-effects regression approach, I examine how increases in daily outdoor air quality influence the time spent on daily health-related activities. I find that only when the air quality index becomes very unhealthy or hazardous, there is a 21% decrease in the minutes spent on outdoor sport and exercise activities, and a 263% increase in minutes spent watching TV. I also implement an instrumental variable (IV) strategy using wind direction as an exogenous shock to satellite-based aerosol optical depth to understand how changes in air pollution affect labor supply. I find that increase in the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) leads to no overall change in labor supply decisions, both on the decision to go to work and the weekly worked hours, but it does so on the likelihood of going to work for women. The effects across subgroups also suggest differential effects in avoidance behaviors across the income distribution, age groups, occupations, race, and ethnicity, especially when the air quality is very unhealthy or hazardous. |
| Date: | 2022–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:czpf4&r= |
| By: | Tauro, Raúl J.; Caballero, José Luis; Salinas, Miguel Ángel; Ghilardi, Adrián; Arroyo, José Manuel |
| Abstract: | En este documento se presenta el cálculo del potencial técnico de la energía que se puede obtener en Honduras a través de ciertos tipos de biomasa. Los potenciales fueron estimados utilizando la plataforma geoespacial para la evaluación del potencial energético de los recursos biomásicos de los países del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA) (www.wegp.unam.mx/sicabioenergy), una iniciativa de la CEPAL llevada a cabo en colaboración con el Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental (CIGA) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Los potenciales obtenidos mediante información geoespacial para ciertos tipos de bioenergía constituyen una referencia para la toma de decisiones informada sobre el uso de ciertos recursos biomásicos como fuente de energía en Honduras, con el fin de contribuir a aumentar la participación de los recursos renovables en la matriz energética del país, en línea con el ODS 7 de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas. |
| Keywords: | RECURSOS ENERGETICOS, BIOMASA, ENERGIA DE LA BIOMASA, POLITICA ENERGETICA, DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL, DESARROLLO AGRICOLA, DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, RECURSOS NATURALES, ENERGY RESOURCES, BIOMASS, BIOMASS ENERGY, ENERGY POLICY, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES |
| Date: | 2021–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:47650&r= |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Fuente casi inagotable de soluciones y oportunidades, que lamentablemente no son evidentes para todos, los océanos están en riesgo o son infrautilizados. Se trata de una realidad de suma importancia para América Latina y el Caribe ya que más del 27% de su población reside en zonas costeras, el mar ocupa más territorio que la tierra en la mayoría de los países, en particular en el Caribe, y los océanos albergan una extraordinaria biodiversidad. Sin embargo, aún no estamos en la senda que nos lleve a alcanzar las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 14, relacionado con la vida submarina. La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe ha preparado el primer panorama regional para los océanos, los mares y sus recursos, con el fin de subsanar los vacíos de información y proponer ideas que fortalezcan las iniciativas de desarrollo sostenible azul. Este estudio, que sugiere indicadores y fuentes de información alternativas para algunas de las metas del ODS 14, considera la importancia de los océanos como fuente de soluciones para la mitigación del cambio climático, sirve como instrumento para los mecanismos y las iniciativas de coordinación regionales y ofrece una oportunidad de avanzar en la implementación transversal y azul de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, con los océanos como eje fundamental. |
| Date: | 2022–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47737&r= |
| By: | Andrews, Jeffrey; Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique |
| Abstract: | This paper offers a systematic approach to quantifying the socio-economic role of forests for 'forest-dependent' communities. Focusing on the island of Pemba (Zanzibar, Tanzania), we investigate how forest income contributes to livelihood portfolios, local inequality, and households' insurance against shocks. We also examine how forest income is affected by local institutions and household socio-demographics. We use a series of non-parametric measures in conjunction with multi-level Bayesian models supported by directed acyclic graphs to address these questions. On average, we find that 27% of household income comes from forests, with 83% of that value deriving from fuel products, and that 62% of the total value of forest products are harvested from the agroforestry scrub matrix. At the same time, forest income scales positively with income, forest-dependency scales negatively. Top income earners control ~4 times more forest income than low earners. However, when we consider forestry against other economic sectors, forest income reduces overall income inequality on the island. Despite forests being critical for the poor, we find it offers little insurance against shocks, especially for the vulnerable. In fact, in contrast to expectations, we find that the well-insured are the most likely to increase forest use in response to shocks. Regarding institutions, most forest products come from either government land or land owned by other private individuals, indicating weak tenure institutions on the island. Finally, young, poorly educated male-headed households, which are not integrated into markets, are the most likely to have high forest income. However, female-headed households are generally more dependent due to a lack of alternative income sources. Our results are encouraging as the use of tools from formal causal inference and detailed Bayesian modelling, in conjunction with a quantitative ethnography, build upon previous findings while improving our understanding of local socio-ecological systems. |
| Date: | 2022–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:z8n3p&r= |
| By: | Aktar, Asikha; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the deadliest infectious diseases on the planet. Millions of people and businesses have been placed in lockdown where the main aim is to stop the spread of the virus. As an extreme phenomenon, the lockdown has triggered a global economic shock at an alarming pace, conveying sharp recessions for many countries. In the meantime, the lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have drastically changed energy consumption patterns and reduced CO2 emissions throughout the world. Recent data released by the International Monetary Fund and International Energy Agency for 2020 further forecast that emissions will rebound in 2021. Still, the full impact of COVID-19 in terms of how long the crisis will be and how the consumption pattern of energy and the associated levels of CO2 emissions will be affected are unclear. This review aims to steer policymakers and governments of nations toward a better direction by providing a broad and convincing overview on the observed and likely impacts of the pandemic of COVID-19 on the world economy, world energy demand, and world energy-related CO2 emissions that may well emerge in the next few years. Indeed, given that immediate policy responses are required with equal urgency to address three things—pandemic, economic downturn, and climate crisis. This study outlines policy suggestions that can be used during these uncertain times as a guide. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:69kje&r= |
| By: | Jessica Alexandra Alarcón Romero; Alberto Morales Ospina |
| Keywords: | Contaminación ambiental, Conservación ambiental, Cuenca hidrográfica, Desechos |
| Date: | 2021–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000571:020017&r= |
| By: | Kimon Keramidas (UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Silvana Mima (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Adrien Bidaud (IPNO - Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11) |
| Date: | 2021–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03558487&r= |
| By: | Samaniego, Joseluis; Alatorre, José Eduardo; Van der Borght, Rafael; Ferrer, Jimy |
| Abstract: | La actualización de las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional (CDN), que comenzó en 2020, constituye una oportunidad para cerrar la brecha internacional de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. A principios de agosto de 2021, 17 países de América Latina y el Caribe —que representan más del 83% de las emisiones de la región— habían actualizado sus CDN. Dicha actualización representa un mayor compromiso regional en lo que respecta a la reducción de emisiones (estimada en un 22% con respecto al escenario inercial, frente al 13% de las CDN anteriores). También se presentan mejoras técnicas y de procedimiento sustantivas que reducen la incertidumbre sobre el nivel de emisiones para 2030, y se fortalecen los componentes de adaptación al cambio climático, lo que refleja las mejoras en las políticas públicas para la adaptación impulsadas por los países en los últimos años. En el documento se indica, además, la velocidad a la que las economías de la región deben descarbonizarse para lograr los compromisos asumidos en sus CDN y los objetivos establecidos por la comunidad científica internacional. Las conclusiones de este ejercicio son claras: solamente un cambio estructural de gran magnitud puede situarnos en una senda sostenible. |
| Date: | 2022–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47733&r= |
| By: | Khan, Iqrar Ahmad |
| Abstract: | Like elsewhere, migration-led peri-urban (rural clusters) growth of cities has been an important element of rural-urban transformation for centuries. However, only recently, in this process, the rural landscape also benefits from these changes, owing to better communication and market access. Peri-urban areas are consuming peripheral villages. This has put pressure on land and water resources putting environmental health at stake. Loss of biodiversity is imminent due to changing ecological frame conditions in an increasingly human-made environment. In many areas rural populations are also shifting away from traditional farming towards white-collar jobs. While this could have positive implications for the socio-economic structure of the society at large, it will also present new challenges for meeting the food and nutritional requirements of the population as a whole. New farming models and marketing innovations are required to meet increasing food demands and changes of consumption habits. This working paper describes the ongoing rural-urban transition and discuss the potential for carving new cropping systems and entrepreneurship options in newly formed agro-ecologies and semi-urban rural clusters of Pakistan. It is hoped that it will also help initiating further study and compilation of empirical evidence. |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajy:icddwp:38&r= |
| By: | Bari, Azizul; Alam, Lubna; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Rahman, Labonnah Farzana; Pereira, Joy Jacqueline |
| Abstract: | Flash flood is the most devastating natural disaster experienced in Malaysia. It can be defined as any high water flow caused by various factors such as rainstorms, slow water run-off, and broken dams. In Malaysia, the most typical and disruptive hydro-meteorological occurrences are flash floods, which are mostly faced by Malaysian cities including Kuala Lumpur and Kajang. However, flash floods may occur at any time of the year rather than during monsoon and can result in devastating losses and damages. Thus, several mitigation steps and estimations are warranted to handle flash floods, especially at the city level. Hence, this paper estimated the amount of direct loss and damage due to flash floods on the basis of the commercial area of Kajang City. This empirical study used primary data collected through direct face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 41 businessmen in the study area. The average estimated overall losses and damages per shop was RM4,510.07 due to flash floods at Kajang City in 2014, wherein the significant contribution comes from the economic side. This study’s findings can serve as the baseline information for future studies on flash flood losses and damages. Furthermore, the present study suggests extensive institutional research for estimating losses and damages due to flash floods at the country level as an adaptation strategy. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r7y89&r= |
| By: | Bofill, Patricio |
| Abstract: | Este estudio aborda los aspectos relacionados con la ambición en materia de adaptación al cambio climático presentes en las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional de los países de América Latina y el Caribe. Se identifican las principales vulnerabilidades e impactos del cambio climático en la región, profundizando en aquellos sectores de mayor relevancia. A partir de la revisión de las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional de los países se aborda también el desafío de la medición de los avances en materia de adaptación y se plantea la pregunta sobre la necesidad de contar con métricas comunes que permitan comparar avances en el tiempo y entre países. Se revisan experiencias nacionales e internacionales de índices para medir la vulnerabilidad frente al cambio climático. Se encuentra que las distintas métricas e índices evaluados están por lo general compuestos por más de un indicador, lo que significa que probablemente una métrica común que se defina para medir la adaptación deberá estar conformada por más de un indicador. El estudio propone un conjunto de elementos que se podrían considerar al establecer un plan de trabajo para abordar el desarrollo de métricas comunes entre los países de la región. |
| Date: | 2022–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47729&r= |
| By: | Motta, Matt (Oklahoma State University); Benegal, Salil D |
| Abstract: | Low public concern about anthropogenic climate change (ACC) – due in part to distrust toward the global scientific community – may decrease demand for policies aimed at mitigating and adapting to the deleterious effects of climate change. Encouragingly, though, recent public opinion research suggests that experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic has elevated trust in scientific expertise worldwide. Consequently, amid the suffering associated with global pandemic, one “silver lining” might be that trust in the scientific community attributable to COVID-19 pandemic response is spilling over to increase public acceptance of other contentious aspects of scientific consensus: such as the reality of ACC. We explore this possibility by turning to globally-representative survey data from 111 countries (N = 119,088) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that trust medical experts’ handling of the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased acceptance of ACC, worldwide. These findings hold even when accounting for individuals’ broader trust in the scientific community, and therefore do not appear to be confounded by more-general orientations toward science. Problematically, though, we also show that effect of trust in medical professionals is strongest in countries experiencing the most positive change in attitudes toward the scientific community, which we demonstrate (via multivariate country-level analyses) tend to be disproportionately wealthy, and perhaps less likely to bear the deleterious and unequal effects of ACC. We conclude by discussing how this work helps elucidate the role of pandemic psychology on “post-pandemic life,” and discuss the potentially-far-reaching benefits of improving trust in medical institutions in the developing world. |
| Date: | 2022–02–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:v9egn&r= |
| By: | Claude Napoleone (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03550813&r= |
| By: | Stephanie von Hinke (School of Economics, University of Bristol, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute for Fiscal Studies); Emil N. S{\o}rensen (School of Economics, University of Bristol) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a large UK cohort to investigate the impact of early-life pollution exposure on individuals' human capital and health outcomes in older age. We compare individuals who were exposed to the London smog in December 1952 whilst in utero or in infancy to those born after the smog and those born at the same time but in unaffected areas. We find that those exposed to the smog have substantially lower fluid intelligence and worse respiratory health, with some evidence of a reduction in years of schooling. |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2202.11785&r= |
| By: | Olga Francová (ESM); Kari Korhonen (ESM); Dušan Kovačević (ESM) |
| Abstract: | This study considers to what extent quality of life criteria, as defined in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) well-being framework, could be applied in evaluations of financial assistance programmes. Examining the impact of programmes on the social fabric, the environment, and governance arrangements can broaden the measure of successes and failures of assistance programmes beyond economic performance. Giving prominence to quality of life criteria sheds new light on the unintended consequences of crisis resolution measures and encourages the reconsideration of programme evaluations’ boundaries. Where underpinned by longitudinal data, this approach could provide insights to address new policy challenges such as climate change and social inequalities. |
| Date: | 2022–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stm:dpaper:19&r= |
| By: | Krasowicz, Stanisław; Matyka, Mariusz |
| Abstract: | The aim of the study was to present agricultural market output as a criterion for using agricultural potential in various regions of Poland. The analysis was conducted taking into account selected indicators characterizing the natural, agrotechnical, organizational, and economic conditions of agriculture in individual voivodeships. The average for Poland was used as the basis for comparisons. The basic sources of information were the statistical data of Statistics Poland, the research results of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, and the research results presented in the literature. According to our hypothesis, the environmental, agrotechnical, organizational, and economic conditions determine the level and structure of agricultural market output in Poland as a criterion for using the agricultural potential in the regions. The research conducted so far shows that the impact of individual groups of conditions is clearly differentiated and visible in the production specialization and their share in agricultural market output in Poland. Regional diversification of agricultural market output in Poland should be basis for directing scientific research and advisory activities. It also reflects the regional differentiation of the effects of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:319696&r= |
| By: | Murad, Wahid; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Shahriar, Shawon Muhammad |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to analyse the rationales, challenges and prospects of Dhaka City being split up, for the purposes of creating a sustainable city grounded in relevant theories and widely used and accepted standards. An assessment of Dhaka being divided in accordance with the concept of City Development Strategies reveals considerable deficiencies in most aspects of public goods and services provisions. Whilst splitting Dhaka into separate sections supports the “World City Hypothesis” it is not without criticisms, for instance those raised by urban planners, experts and politicians. The lack of resources and oversight to address those deficiencies and problems and the administrative, allocative, economic and social inefficiencies makes it very difficult for Dhaka’s authorities to achieve sustainable urbanisation. Therefore, appropriate strategies must be implemented by government to resolve these problems, inefficiencies and mismanagement in order for the city to be liveable sustainable. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9vf4e&r= |
| By: | Jean Bonnet (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université, UNICAEN UFR SEGGAT - Université de Caen Normandie - UFR de Sciences Économiques, Gestion, Géographie et Aménagement des Territoires - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Eva Coll-Martínez (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville, IEP Toulouse - Sciences Po Toulouse - Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse); François Raulin (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie); Patricia Renou-Maissant (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | L'article propose un cadre d'évaluation permettant de comparer empiriquement les performances des EPCI normands en termes de Développement Durable (DD) et selon six dimensions : Environnement et Ressources Naturelles, Transition Énergétique, Mobilité Durable, Dynamisme Économique, Cohésion Sociale et Solidarité, Gouvernance et Citoyenneté. Considérant un large éventail de variables, nous construisons des indices composites agrégés pour chaque dimension du DD. Nous utilisons un support cartographique pour comparer les performances des EPCI dans chacune des six dimensions. Ensuite, une classification hiérarchique ascendante met en évidence six profils types de DD. Enfin, les résultats permettent d'identifier les forces et les faiblesses des EPCI normands dans la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques de DD. |
| Keywords: | Classification Hiérarchique Ascendante,Développement Durable,EPCI,Indices Composites. |
| Date: | 2021–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03472235&r= |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | En este documento se presentan las mejores prácticas y lecciones aprendidas sobre los seguros agropecuarios desde la perspectiva de la gestión integral de riesgos en Centroamérica y la República Dominicana. El documento será de utilidad para el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de este instrumento de transferencia de riesgos con el fin de dirigirlo a los pequeños productores agropecuarios vulnerados para minimizar el impacto adverso de las amenazas climáticas y otros eventos de la naturaleza en su seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. |
| Keywords: | AGRICULTURA, SEGURO AGRICOLA, OFERTA Y DEMANDA, LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, EMPRESAS MEDIANAS, DESASTRES NATURALES, GESTION DE LOS RIESGOS, SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, SUPPLY AND DEMAND, LAWS AND REGULATIONS, SMALL ENTERPRISES, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, NATURAL DISASTERS, RISK MANAGEMENT, FOOD SECURITY |
| Date: | 2021–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:47505&r= |
| By: | Kanbur, Ravi; Ortiz-Juarez, Eduardo; Sumner, Andy |
| Abstract: | In this paper we argue that the decline in global inequality over the last decades has spurred a ‘sunshine’ narrative of falling global inequality that has been rather oversold, in the sense, we argue, it is likely to be temporary. We argue the decline in global inequality will reverse due to changes in the between-country component. We find there is a potentially startling global inequality ‘boomerang’, possibly in the mid-to-late 2020s, which would have happened even if there were no pandemic, and that the pandemic is likely to bring forward the global inequality boomerang. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cuaepw:319950&r= |
| By: | septian, ricky |
| Abstract: | what is E-environment |
| Date: | 2021–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nq9bf&r= |
| By: | Cetrángolo, Oscar; Fonteñez, Belén |
| Abstract: | En este documento se examina la política tributaria ambiental de la Argentina en el marco de la experiencia internacional y se presenta una serie de lineamientos tendientes a promover, mediante instrumentos de política fiscal, un mayor cuidado del medio ambiente. Sobre la base del relevamiento de la política fiscal ambiental de un conjunto de países de la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y América Latina, se analizan los principales impuestos del sistema tributario argentino desde la perspectiva ambiental, en particular los aplicados sobre los combustibles y los vehículos automotores, pero considerando a su vez otros tributos relevantes, incentivos tributarios, políticas de asignación de la recaudación y programas de gasto ambiental correspondientes a distintos niveles de gobierno. Frente a los desafíos de un sistema federal de gobierno como el argentino, se presenta una serie de elementos de índole institucional que son de especial importancia para el diseño de las políticas fiscales y medioambientales del conjunto del país. |
| Date: | 2022–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47736&r= |
| By: | Paul Rouveyrol (PatriNat - Patrimoine naturel - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Maya Leroy (AgroParisTech, MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UM - Université de Montpellier - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia) |
| Abstract: | Le réseau Natura 2000 a été mis en place pour maintenir ou restaurer le bon état de conservation des habitats et espèces d'intérêt communautaire sur l'ensemble du territoire. Dans quelle mesure ce réseau a-t-il produit des effets en termes de résultats écologiques ? Jusqu'à peu, cette question n'a pas vraiment été traitée, toute l'attention ayant porté sur une évaluation des moyens. Pour combler ce manque, les auteurs proposent ici de présenter les principales conclusions d'une première étude menée au niveau national sur l'évaluation de l'efficacité écologique de la politique Natura 2000 française sur le domaine terrestre. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03533996&r= |
| By: | Leila Farraj; Aminanur Chaia; Shumaila Yousafzai |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asx:nugsbd:2022-09&r= |
| By: | Rondón Toro, Estefani; Lana, Bruno; González, Macarena; Alatorre, José Eduardo; Yunis Alcántara, Natalia; Casas Varez, Marina; Reyes Pontet, Mauro; Guimarães Rennó, Julia; Herrera Jiménez, Juan |
| Abstract: | La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y el Pacto Global de Alcaldes por el Clima y la Energía (GCoM) han acordado realizar un proyecto piloto durante 2021 para el estudio de los planes de acción climática de tres ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe Firmantes del Pacto. Este proyecto piloto representa el primer paso de un enfoque a más largo plazo. cuyo objetivo es establecer un procedimiento de análisis del impacto de los planes de acción climática de las ciudades latinoamericanas. Aunque cada vez más ciudades cuentan con este tipo de planes. el principal desafío continúa siendo pasar a la acción. por lo que el proyecto se centra en la creación de herramientas destinadas a analizar los planes actuales. a Fin de contar con metodologías que permitan brindar lineamientos más precisos para la implementación de las medidas o acciones priorizadas de mitigación y adaptación. |
| Date: | 2022–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47732&r= |
| By: | Stéphane Allard (G2ELab - Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Vincent Debusschere (G2ELab - Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Silvana Mima (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Tuan Tran Quoc (INES - Institut National de L'Energie Solaire - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives); Nouredine Hadjsaid (G2ELab - Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Patrick Criqui (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Previous works proposed a tool coupling models of a prospective outlook on long-term energy systems and a transmission grid investment and dispatch, focusing on the representation of the European transmission grid and its development on the horizon 2050–2100. In this paper, this prospective tool is further improved with the capacity to compute voltage as well as active and reactive power flows at the level of the distribution grid. This added capacity allows analyzing various issues related to the integration of variable energy resources in three representative real medium voltage distribution grids (urban, rural and semi-urban). Technical flexibility solutions such as on-load tap changers, variable energy resources curtailment and storage technologies are modeled and compared to reinforcement. A cost comparison between these flexibility solutions is also carried out. Finally, the new version of the tool is used to evaluate the CO2−eq emissions linked to the development of the European power system infrastructure, with flexibility solutions, up to the year 2050 (both high voltage alternative and direct current lines reinforcement being considered) under a 2 °C climate energy policy scenario. Results show that it exists various options for the development of the European grid infrastructure, which are clearly sensitive to the level of accuracy in the representation of the physical infrastructures and their technical limitations. Being able to represent the distribution grid, in addition to the transmission one, has a noticeable impact on the prospective outlook of the European power systems both in terms of infrastructure reinforcement and estimation of the needs of flexibility solutions. |
| Keywords: | Long-term planning,European transmission grid,Distribution grids,Variable energy resources,Storage systems,Flexibility solutions |
| Date: | 2020–07–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03133109&r= |
| By: | Aldieka, Rafli Putra |
| Abstract: | Kemajuan teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi dapat memberikan dampak yang positif bagi kegiatan perdagangan bagi perusahaan atau pelaku usaha. Hal tersebut memunculkan sebuah inovasi baru yaitu e-environment (lingkungan elektronik) yang dapat berguna sebagai platform, khususnya dalam kegiatan perdagangan atau perekonomian bagi perusahaan dan pelaku usaha. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan tentang latar belakang dari adanya e-environment bagi kegiatan usaha atau bisnis, keperluan alat untuk e-environment untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis, dan dampak dari adanya e-environment pada sector kegiatan perekonomian. |
| Date: | 2021–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:edk3r&r= |
| By: | Righi, Simone; , Francesca; Giardini, Francesca |
| Abstract: | Natural disasters put an enormous strain on civic capital, which can result in a decrease in trust and cooperation in the affected communities. However, the existing level of civic capital can buffer the effects of the disaster, determining completely different dynamics even in neighboring regions. In order to investigate the determinants of long-term resilience to natural disasters, we designed a 2x2 lab in the field experiments conducted in Marche and Emilia-Romagna, two Italian regions that were affected by major earthquakes in 2016 and 2012, respectively. We collected data in neighboring and comparable municipalities that were affected or not by earthquakes and we compared inhabitants’ prosocial choices in a Public Good Game and a Distribution game. Our results show that people affected by the earthquake were more prosocial in general, while at the individual level the effect of the earthquake is present only in people who suffered material damage via their increased desire for redistribution. We also show that civic capital was not different among regions or among people living inside or outside the earthquake area. |
| Date: | 2022–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:n49hv&r= |
| By: | Manzoni, Daniel; Gil-Besada, Laura |
| Abstract: | This paper studies sister city relations between the EU and Turkey. Town twinning agreements have been used as a means to promote EU values. Over the past decades, town twinning agreements have seen an enormous widening. Mindful of the deterioration of EU-Turkey relations, the paper suggests three future scenarios for the development of EU-Turkey town twinning relations. |
| Date: | 2020–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:nmw2u&r= |
| By: | Etienne Montaigne (Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Alfredo Coelho (Bordeaux Sciences Agro - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine); Samson Zadmehran (UPVM UM3 UFR4 - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 - Faculté des Sciences sociales, des organisations et des institutions - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3) |
| Abstract: | The present study focuses on the assessment of the development perspectives of the new grape varieties that are resistant to fungal diseases and thus promote the reduction or the suppression of phytosanitary treatments. The study also discusses new grape varieties dealing with global warming. Our methods rely on direct surveys with researchers and stakeholders completed with a synthesis of the scientific literature and edited research programs. This approach proposes an explanatory and a comprehensive investigation. It includes an overview of the current state of the art of the supply of technology, the presentation of the strategies of the main actors and stakeholders involved in the innovation chain, a synthesis of the current scientific and technical controversies, and an analysis of the influence of the institutions and legislation. Furthermore, we provide an evaluation of the previous research program on new grape varieties of the French National Institute for Research in Agronomy (INRA) and of the outcome of the diffusion of new grape varieties implemented in the south of France. This analysis will allow us to discuss the conditions for the success of this innovation as a competitiveness factor. |
| Keywords: | innovation,resistant grapevines,wine chain,France,Montaigne,E.,Coelho,A.,Zadmehran,S. A Comprehensive innovation |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03461901&r= |
| By: | David Carassus (CREG - Centre de recherche et d'études en gestion - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, LIREM - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management (LIREM) - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Date: | 2021–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03552493&r= |
| By: | Graciella, Regina Ivy |
| Abstract: | keberadaan perusahaan dalam jangka panjang, sambil mendorong pertumbuhan sektor dan ekonomi. Di Latvia dan di negara-negara Uni Eropa lainnya, mayoritas numerik perusahaan adalah usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM), selanjutnya, karena kurangnya sumber daya, perusahaan kecil sulit untuk berkembang di pasar global. Usaha kecil dan menengah harus memilih metode pengembangan produk dan promosi pasar yang berbeda dari metode perusahaan besar, memilih hanya alat-alat dari alat yang tersedia untuk pengembangan perusahaan dan meningkatkan daya saing yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kekhasan perusahaan tertentu. Salah satu kemungkinan untuk menggunakan e-environment untuk tujuan tersebut. |
| Date: | 2021–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vby7a&r= |
| By: | Marie Claire Villeval (GATE - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENS LSH - Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03504242&r= |
| By: | Hikmah, Nisa Nurul |
| Abstract: | Perkembangan teknologi terus menerus terjadi. Peningkatan inovasi terus dilakukan oleh hampir seluruh dunia agar dapat bisa bertahan dan bersaing secara sehat antar perusahaan. Salah satu strategi yang dilakukan adalah dengan membuat strategi yang dapat memicu pembelian barang secara impulsif. Tanpa disadari E-environment mempunyai peran dalam pembelian barang secara impulsif dan mempengaruhi terhadap shopping enjoyment. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan beberapa jurnal mengenai E-environment. |
| Date: | 2021–11–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:byqpd&r= |