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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Ryan Rafaty (University of Oxford); Geoffroy Dolphin (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); Felix Pretis (University of Oxford and University of Victoria) |
| Keywords: | Carbon Pricing, CO2 Emissions, Decarbonization, Carbon Tax, Climate Change, Climate Policy |
| JEL: | Q43 Q48 Q54 Q58 H23 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2035&r= |
| By: | Tiago Cavalcanti (University of Cambridge); Zeina Hasna (University of Cambridge); Cezar Santos (Banco de Portugal) |
| Keywords: | Climate change, carbon taxes, worker heterogeneity, labor reallocation |
| JEL: | E13 H23 J24 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2104&r= |
| By: | Michael Pollitt (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); Geoffroy Dolphin (Resources for The Future) |
| Keywords: | climate policy, emissions trading, EU, net zero |
| JEL: | Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2119&r= |
| By: | Grischa Perino (University of Hamburg, Germany); Robert Ritz (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); Arthur van Benthem (The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA) |
| Keywords: | overlapping policy, internal carbon leakage, waterbed ffect, cap-andtrade, carbon pricing, hybrid regulation |
| JEL: | H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2034&r= |
| By: | Mattauch, Linus; Sommer, Stephan; Pahle, Michael |
| Abstract: | We conduct a discrete choice experiment with a sample of 6,000 German household heads to examine how fairness preferences influence the support for carbon taxes and revenue-recycling options. While it is well-known that carbon taxes are effective in reducing emissions and can be made progressive, they remain fairly unpopular with German citizens. Consequently, best practice to build public support for them remains a relevant question for which there is no consensus. We obtain two major results: First, while green spending is more popular in general, it is significantly more popular among those who are pro-environment and trust the government. Second, when restricted to options for direct revenue redistribution, Germans prefer lump-sum payments over directing payments to the poorest or the most affected. Importantly, choices over these options depend both on genuinely different conceptions of fairness and respondents' economic circumstances. Our findings have implications for building support for effective climate change mitigation policies with those who are not yet convinced. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing, climate change mitigation, fairness, redistribution, environmental tax reform |
| JEL: | A13 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2020-23&r= |
| By: | Goodenberger, James; Munk, Robert; Senney, Garrett |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312728&r= |
| By: | Yi, Fujin; Liu, Huilin; Quan, Quan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312853&r= |
| By: | Lee, Seo Woo; Feng, Hongli; Hennessy, David A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312918&r= |
| By: | Xu, Wenli |
| Abstract: | This note documents a DSGE model of Climate Change. I extend the NK model with geophisical variables, such as greenhouse gas emissions, the carbon cycle, radiative forcing, and climate change. In this model, I specify five different climate policy regimes: no policy, cap, intensive, tax, and mandate. |
| Keywords: | DSGE, climate change, climate policy |
| JEL: | E6 Q5 |
| Date: | 2020–09–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109234&r= |
| By: | Shr, Yau-Huo (Jimmy); Hsu, Wen; Su, Jia-Shen |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312879&r= |
| By: | Mahmood, Haider; Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef; Al-Qahtani, Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf; Allam, Zafrul Allam; Ahmad, Nawaz; Furqan, Maham |
| Abstract: | Economic growth is very basic need of any economy but its environmental effects should not be ignored. We investigate the environmental effects of economic growth and energy consumption of Saudi Arabia. The study uses data of a period 1968-2014 and cointegration test and corroborates a long- and short-run relationships. The results indicate that economic growth and energy consumption contributes in CO2 emissions in both long- and short-run. It means that increasing economic growth of the Kingdom has social cost on the economy in terms of pollution emissions. Based on findings, we recommend to use the alternative renewable sources of energy consumption to avoid the pollution effects of growth in Saudi Arabia. |
| Keywords: | Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Pollution |
| JEL: | Q53 |
| Date: | 2019–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109143&r= |
| By: | Choi, Eseul; DePaula, Guilherme M.; Kyveryga, Peter; Fey, Suzanne |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312893&r= |
| By: | Michael Mehling (MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research); Robert Ritz (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Border carbon adjustment, carbon pricing, Green Deal, international law, international trade |
| JEL: | H23 K33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2026&r= |
| By: | Younghun Choi; Takuro Kobashi; Yoshiki Yamagata; Akito Murayama |
| Abstract: | Designing waterfront redevelopment generally focuses on attractiveness, leisure, and beauty, resulting in various types of building and block shapes with limited considerations on environmental aspects. However, increasing climate change impacts necessitate these buildings to be sustainable, resilient, and zero CO2 emissions. By producing five scenarios (plus existing buildings) with constant floor areas, we investigated how building and district form with building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) affect energy consumption and production, self-sufficiency, CO2 emission, and energy costs in the context of waterfront redevelopment in Tokyo. From estimated hourly electricity demands of the buildings, techno-economic analyses are conducted for rooftop PV systems for 2018 and 2030 with declining costs of rooftop PV systems. We found that environmental building designs with rooftop PV system are increasingly economical in Tokyo with CO2 emission reduction of 2-9% that depends on rooftop sizes. Payback periods drop from 14 years in 2018 to 6 years in 2030. Toward net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, immediate actions are necessary to install rooftop PVs on existing and new buildings with energy efficiency improvements by construction industry and building owners. To facilitate such actions, national and local governments need to adopt appropriate policies. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2108.09029&r= |
| By: | Goedemé, Tim; Zsuzsa Lévay, Petra; Vanhille, Josefine; Verbist, Gerlinde |
| Abstract: | Understanding demand-side drivers and distribution of greenhouse gas emissions is key to design fair and efficient climate mitigation policies. In this study, we quantify the relationship between the carbon footprint of consumption and socio-economic characteristics of Belgian households. We use a dataset that combines household-level consumption data with an environmentally extended input-output model which quantifies the greenhouse gas emissions embedded in the supply chain of goods and services that households consume. Similar to studies in other countries, we find that the emission intensity (emissions per euro of expenditures) of consumption by households at the lower part of the income distribution is higher than that of richer households. The main reason is that poorer households spend a higher share of their expenditures on emissions intensive products, especially on energy and housing. We also find that living standards and household size are the most important determinants of household consumption-related emissions. The expenditure-elasticity of household emissions is less than unity, i.e. emissions increase with expenditures, but in a less than proportionate way. However, the elasticity changes when emissions from different consumption domains are analyzed. It is lowest for energy and housing and highest for services. |
| Keywords: | household carbon footprints, Environmental Engel curves, consumption-based emission accounting, elasticity, emission distribution |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2020-09&r= |
| By: | Da, Yabin; Xu, Yangyang; Yi, Fujin; McCarl, Bruce A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Development |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312638&r= |
| By: | POST Jan; DE JONG Pieter; MALLORY Matt; DOUSSINEAU Mathieu; GNAMUS Ales (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The smart Specialisation strategy design and implementation offer to the territories in Europe a solid paradigm for developing effective innovation governance, improving innovation policy capacities, enhancing public-private partnerships, offering common platform for inter-regional cooperation activities and through that an operative engagement of stakeholders in the international value chains. The sustainable Smart Specialisation strategies framework can play a key role as enabler of a sustainable transformation of European economy towards the Green Deal by streamlining innovation activities around the value chains to reach the competitiveness edge of Europe vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The Blue Economy activities, by safeguarding the preservation of healthy oceans, seas and waters, represent an important component of the European Green Deal activities in the regions and Member States. One of the emerging blue economy sectors with considerable “greening” potential for a stable water supply in the ever growing areas with increasing water imbalances is the desalination sector. Besides its essential role in providing water in the areas suffering water shortages, lately seriously aggravated by the climate change impacts, the sector has a potential for creating of prosperity and employment in some territories of Europe through a combination of innovation based sustainable water, energy and chemical technologies, coupled with environmental and societal challenges. This report aims at analysing the sector from the innovation, the EU policy and regional perspectives - in the latter with examples of implementation of desalination technologies in the three types of regions with specific water supply issues across Europe, namely in the water scarce regions of the Southern Europe, in European Western and Northern regions, and in the specific case of island regions, where a stable water supply through desalination improves substantially the living conditions and local economy. Overall, the desalination sector provides a sustainable solution for agro-food systems and for integrated water provision and management in the water scarce areas, makes those often vulnerable territories more climate-resilient, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally and socially sustainable, and contributes to climate adaptation by solving the water scarcity, food security, soil health by enhancing rainwater infiltration and water reuse, nutrition, health and well-being of population in these areas. Given the increasing climate change pressures, a holistic approach to address the global freshwater scarcity through sustainable innovative solutions is needed and the sector of desalination will be granted increasing protagonism in the endeavours to enhance territorial resilience, improve ecosystem services, biodiversity and a more sustainable agricultural production in Europe and beyond. |
| Keywords: | Smart Specialisation, Blue Economy, Desalination Sector |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc125905&r= |
| By: | BARREIRO HURLE Jesus (European Commission - JRC); BOGONOS Mariia (European Commission - JRC); HIMICS Mihaly (European Commission - JRC); HRISTOV Jordan (European Commission - JRC); PEREZ DOMINGUEZ Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); SAHOO Amarendra (European Commission - JRC); SALPUTRA Guna (European Commission - JRC); WEISS Franz (European Commission - JRC); BALDONI Edoardo (European Commission - JRC); ELLEBY Christian (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | During the last 30 years, the Common Agricultural Policy has increased the importance given to improving the environmental and climate performance of the European agriculture, as confirmed by the Future CAP proposal. Furthermore, the Green Deal strategy outlined a comprehensive approach to facilitate the transition towards sustainable food systems that links in a holistic approach all actors in the system, a path sketched out in the Farm to Fork (F2F) and Biodiversity (BDS) Strategies. Reflecting this ambition, this report was a contribution to the 2030 Climate Target Plan impact assessment, based on one of the main models used by the European Commission for agricultural policy analysis (the CAPRI model), which can incorporate some of the policies put forward for accelerating the transition towards sustainable food systems. The report presents a modelled scenario of an ambitious implementation of the CAP reform proposals to measure the effects on EU agriculture including four quantitative targets put forward in the F2F and BDS strategies already reflected in the recommendations of the Commission to the Member States on their CAP Strategic Plans. These targets were selected as the ones with the greatest potential to affect agricultural environment and production. Moreover, those are the targets to which the CAP can provide specific contribution.The analysis includes a reduction of the risk and use of pesticides, a reduction of nutrient surplus, an increase of area under organic farming, and an increase of area for high-diversity landscape features. The impacts are modelled under three scenarios. One is a status quo scenario assuming no change in the CAP compared to its implementation during 2014-2020. The other two scenarios include a potential implementation of the CAP post 2020 legal proposal targeting these objectives, both with and without the targeted use of Next Generation EU funding.However, the report does not constitute an impact assessment of the strategies as such; the modelling scope does not include all of the strategies’ measures (e.g. food waste reduction targets, dietary shifts, organic action plan) which would alter the impacts reported. Not all policies that affect the transition are captured by this model. Other analytical approaches and tools are necessary to arrive at a more complete picture of the potential impacts of this transition. As these two strategies propose a comprehensive approach to move towards sustainable food systems, their inclusion requires additional assumptions to capture positive synergies between the different initiatives and additional tools to cover the limitations of the modelling approach used. Therefore, impacts should be considered representing an upper bound of the full impact of the strategies as they are partial in scope (mainly covering the supply side) and incomplete (as the required future changes in consumer behaviour are not captured in the model). Based on the assumptions made and taking into account the limitations of the analysis, modelling results indicate that reaching these four targets under the current CAP implementation achieves significant environmental benefits in the form of reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions as well as in gross nutrient surplus, though the extent in terms of positive environmental and economic benefits is not fully quantified. Results also show a decline in EU production and variations in prices and income for selected agricultural products, albeit in different degrees. This impact can be lowered by approximately one-fifth when a CAP implementation in line with the 2018 Legal Proposal and targeted to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable agriculture is assumed. The new CAP implementation also increases the positive performance of the agricultural sector in environmental terms. In both scenarios, the impacts on international markets are limited. In both scenarios, the potential to further reduce these impacts is underestimated by the fact that not all initiatives, measures and resulting synergies covered by the strategies are considered. For example, reductions in production associated with shift to organic agriculture could be mitigated with the implementation of the organic action plan. Lower livestock production could have less impact on prices and trade when accompanied by a shift towards more plant based diets and the reduction of food waste. The positive impact could also be enhanced via accelerated technological development and efficiency improvements likely to occur by 2030. Moreover, the exercise assumes that the EU acts alone. Because of this assumption, a significant part of the gains in terms of emissions in the EU is leaked to other world regions. However, as part of international climate agreements also non-EU countries have commitments to reduce GHG emissions, incorporating this to the analysis would reduce the leakage and negative impacts for the EU. Last, the report does not provide information on all the benefits derived from those targets for both the agricultural sector and the wider society, as these are not captured in the model. As such, the analysis presented is not intended to be used as the sole basis for decision-making and it would not be in any case appropriate for this purpose.The lessons learned from this report are important from a policy perspective. The agricultural sector will have to go through a challenging transition and this study – with all its limitations – shows the magnitude of the challenge. The report shows that, when it comes to the supply side, the Future CAP legal proposals provide opportunities for implementing the production-related targets of the Green Deal. By comparing the impact of four F2F and BDS strategies’ targets under an unchanged CAP and a CAP reflecting the ambitious implementation of its reform proposals the report identifies the potential impacts of the Future CAP proposal with respect to selected environmental indicators, production, income, prices and trade. However, the report also points towards areas where such a transition faces bigger challenges, for which we need effective instruments to support the sector during the transition. Some of these instruments are alreadt the focus of other complementary policy initiatives. Furthermore, it allows the identification of gaps where additional steps would be needed so that Green Deal targets are met and the transition towards sustainable food systems accelerated. Finally, the results confirm the need for global solutions to the global challenge of climate change.The report also highlights that the current modelling tools need improvements to help us prepare future impact assessments. Significant gaps exist in capturing in agro-economic models how the demand side of the food chain would respond to the required changes in demand and the supply side. Even when the analysis reported focuses on the supply side and captures most of its nuances in a satisfactory manner, some improvements are needed. For example, additional developments are needed to capture the positive feedback in yields resulting from the enhanced ecosystem services provided by improved biodiversity. In addition, while some technologies are captured in the model there are additional measures that could be introduced to further reduce the environmental impact of production; thus minimizing the trade-off between meeting targets and production impacts.In addition, the assumptions about the impacts on farm management and yields of the reduction in pesticide use and the increase in organic farming do not capture potential beneficial side effects beyond the agricultural sector (e.g. health benefits). These limitations are partly driven by the lack of comprehensive farm-level data, which results in the assessment of the relationship between farming activity and the environment in an aggregated regional level. The Commission’s proposal to move from a farm accountancy data network (FADN) to a farm sustainability data network (FSDN) will be instrumental in addressing these limitations as it would allow the better understanding of which practices work best, and within which regional and sector environment.As far as the demand side is concerned, this analysis does not incorporate the ambition related to food waste reduction, the move towards different diets or the demand side promotion of organic and sustainably produced food. Such changes would require the development of other modelling approaches incorporating assumptions on future consumer behavioural changes that cannot be captured with analyses of past consumer behaviour. In this area, data availability is an issue whose resolution would require the cooperation of the retail and processing industry. In addition, one also has to consider the magnitude of the scenario shocks (i.e. distance from baseline values to aspirational targets). Models are calibrated to a common vision of the future and their predictive performance may be decreased in extreme cases. When dealing with systemic changes, other research tools such as foresight and propective can be used in a complementary manner to inform some of the parameters that could reflect novel practices and busness models that could be developed by farmers to adapt to the new sustainable food systems paradigmAs part of its commitment to provide better scientific evidence for policy making, the JRC is working to improve knowledge on the effects (including potential co-benefits) of the measures implemented, develop the model to improve the representation of pesticides and organic farming, and explore avenues to incorporate the impact of food waste reductions and changes in diets. As for the latter, improvements on environmental and human health expected from the accelerated shift towards sustainable food systems need to be quantified using other tools. In addition, a comprehensive assessment should also incorporate a full food systems approach incorporating other phases of the food value chain and changes in consumer preferences and behaviour. The upcoming proposal for a legislative framework for sustainable food systems will require a comprehensive impact assessment. This impact assessment will have to be able to evaluate the ambition laid down for an enhanced environmental, climate and health performance of the EU’s agricultural sector as part of the broader food system. While agro-economic models will be an integral part of the tools for such an evaluation, the present exercise has identified areas where additional efforts are needed, especially in the need to capture the environment not only as a restriction for agricultural production but also as an input. The current modelling approach focuses on the trade-offs between environmental protection and agricultural production based on past experience, failing to capture the positive synergies that a better environment brings associated. These limitations are not specific to the CAPRI model. Other analyses that have looked into the impacts of some of the initiatives put forward in the strategies using other models (Beckman et al. 2020; Guyomard et al. 2020) also faced them. Ongoing research and analysis can shed light on more positive synergies associated with a better environmental footprint, thus improving the capacity of the model to capture the targets and using additional methods to estimate the benefits. |
| Keywords: | CAPRI Model, agricultural policy, environmental and climate ambition |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc121368&r= |
| By: | Michael T. Kiley |
| Abstract: | How will climate change affect risks to economic activity? Research on climate impacts has tended to focus on effects on the average level of economic growth. I examine whether climate change may make severe contractions in economic activity more likely using quantile regressions linking growth to temperature. The effects of temperature on downside risks to economic growth are large and robust across specifications. These results suggest the growth at risk from climate change is large—climate change may make economic contractions more likely and severe and thereby significantly impact economic and financial stability and welfare. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Risk management; GDP at Risk |
| JEL: | E23 O13 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–08–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2021-54&r= |
| By: | Bazzana, Davide; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Zhang, Ying |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312665&r= |
| By: | C. A. K. Lovell (The University of Queensland, Australia) |
| Abstract: | The pandemic depression and climate change have buffeted the global economy and more. The pandemic has caused the deepest depression in a century, has had a devastating impact on human health and morbidity, and has exacerbated global inequalities. Climate change has exacted its own economic toll, has had its own adverse impacts on human health and global inequalities, and continues to wreak havoc on the global environment. I survey the literatures exploring the two challenges as at mid-2021, separately and jointly because they interact. I survey the impacts of the pandemic on global value chains, on aggregate and business output and employment, and on productivity. I survey the impacts of climate change on aggregate and business adaptation, the last line of defence, on agriculture, where the impacts are particularly severe, on business, and on productivity. I continue with an exploration into the linkages between the two challenges, and efforts to decouple them through a wide range of green growth policies. Throughout I emphasise the important role played by management, at business, national and global levels, in allocating resources to counter the impacts of both challenges. I acknowledge that the pandemic and climate change are evolving, the former encouragingly rapidly until the unwelcome arrival of the Delta variant, and the latter depressingly slowly, and consequently this survey is aiming at a pair of moving targets. |
| Keywords: | pandemic, climate change, green growth, productivity, management |
| JEL: | O44 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qld:uqcepa:165&r= |
| By: | Boudreaux, Gregory L.; Lupi, Frank; Sohngen, Brent; Xu, Alan Yilan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312884&r= |
| By: | Li, Xiaoyu; Klaiber, Allen; Gopalakrishnan, Sathya |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312823&r= |
| By: | Aslihan Arslan; Eva-Maria Egger; Erdgin Mane; Vanya Slavchevska |
| Abstract: | Climate change is expected to increase the risk in agricultural production due to increasing temperatures and rainfall variability. Smallholders can adjust by diversifying income sources, including through migration. Most existing studies investigate whether households send a migrant after experiencing weather shocks, but the literature lacks evidence on migration as an ex-ante measure. In this paper, we disentangle the direct effect of weather shocks on income from agriculture from the effect of changing weather patterns over a few years on migration as a diversification strategy. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Migration, Agriculture, Simultaneous equations, Nepal |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2021-131&r= |
| By: | Chakraborty, Lekha (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy) |
| Abstract: | India was the first to integrate climate change criteria in the inter- governmental fiscal transfers This analysis suggests that climate change criterion in the intergovernmental fiscal transfer mechanism in India is a significant step to incentivise the conservation of forests. However, the macropolicy channel of this link is through the public expenditure priorities related to climate change commitments by the state governments, to make a "just transition" towards a sustainable climate-resilent economy. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:npf:wpaper:21/341&r= |
| By: | Yu, Chengzheng; Miao, Ruiqing; Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Food Safety, Nutrition, and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312624&r= |
| By: | Victor Ajayi (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); David Reiner (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Bio-based plastics, mixed logit, discrete choice experiment, willingness to pay, industrial decarbonisation, carbon capture |
| JEL: | D12 C25 Q51 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2033&r= |
| By: | Dalheimer, Bernhard; Brambach, Fabian; Yanita, Mirawati; Kreft, Holger; Bruemmer, Bernhard |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, International Development |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312750&r= |
| By: | Robert Ritz (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Carbon leakage, carbon pricing, imperfect competition, international trade, second best |
| JEL: | H23 L11 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2116&r= |
| By: | Robert Ritz (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Balanced scorecard, corporate climate action, corporate strategy, ESG, executive compensation, management incentives |
| JEL: | L21 M12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2029&r= |
| By: | Hughes, Megan N.; Reeling, Carson; Ma, Meilin |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312786&r= |
| By: | Bastola, Sapana; Penn, Jerrod; Hu, Wuyang; Blazier, Michael |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312851&r= |
| By: | Thibaut Duprey; Colin Jones; Callie Symmers; Geneviève Vallée |
| Abstract: | Natural disasters occur more often than before, potentially exposing households to financial distress. We study the intersection between household financial vulnerabilities and severe weather events. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Credit and credit aggregates; Financial stability; Housing; Recent economic and financial developments |
| JEL: | C38 D14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocsan:21-19&r= |
| By: | David Newbery (Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Variable renewable electricity, curtailment, interconnection, storage |
| JEL: | C63 Q42 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2020&r= |
| By: | Rekker, Saphira; Ives, Matthew; Wade, Belinda; Greig, Chris; Webb, Lachlan |
| Abstract: | To meet climate goals, it is necessary for companies to become Paris-compliant. Two recent initiatives, the Transition Pathway Initiative (TPI) and Assessing low-Carbon Transitions (ACT) initiative, have proposed methodologies to benchmark companies performances against science-based emission reduction levels. However, these initiatives have several limitations, including a shifting baseline, and a focus on carbon-intensities. Here, we propose a methodology that overcomes these limitations by ensuring each company strictly adheres to the Paris carbon budget. Applying our metrics to the ten highest emitting companies in the Australian electricity sector, we find that none are currently Paris-compliant, with every year of delayed action increasing their required rate of decarbonisation and hence the exposure of billions in assets to transition risk. We demonstrate that even using the more prescriptive ACT guidelines allows these companies to exceed their carbon budgets up to 235% by mid-century. Applying our proposed method ensures accurate tracking of progress, which is imperative for companies and stakeholders to align their decision-making with the Paris Agreement. |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2021-03&r= |
| By: | Collins, Amy C. |
| Abstract: | Habitat loss and fragmentation is currently the primary driver of biodiversity decline. Community forest management and wildlife crossing structures are two common conservation strategies applied to mitigate habitat loss and fragmentation. Community forest management is an approach that enables local communities to participate in forest management in order to reduce deforestation, and crossing structures are intended to mitigate the negative impacts of roads in fragmenting the landscape. To implement efficient design, their effectiveness needs to be examined using rigorous and appropriate methods. Herein, I assess the efficacy of each in the context of counterfactual assessments and baseline conditions. Using Pemba Island, Tanzania, as a case study, I monitor Community forest management, and use unprotected areas as the baseline. For wildlife crossing structures I examine structures along California highways, and use adjacent wildland areas absent of roads as the baseline. I employ methods such as remote sensing and hierarchical modeling to decipher forest cover change, wildlife movement, and behavioral responses within a fragmented habitat. I focus on particular anthropogenic stressors that may contribute to the efficacy of Community forest management and wildlife crossing structures, such as human population density, and light and noise pollution. The results offer solutions to the broader conservation community in how to evaluate the conservation tools we are currently utilizing. Furthermore, results guide the decision-making process for wildlife managers, practitioners, and agencies specific to these case studies and future conservation projects. |
| Keywords: | Life Sciences, road ecology, forest management, conservation |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt94t1f52r&r= |
| By: | Hanifi, S.M. Manzoor Ahmed (International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research); Menon, Nidhiya (Brandeis University); Quisumbing, Agnes (International Food Policy Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of climate change on the nutritional status of very young children between the ages of 0 – 3 years by using weather data from the last half century merged with rich information on child, mother and household characteristics in rural coastal Bangladesh. We evaluate the health consequences of rising temperature and relative humidity and varying rainfall jointly. Leveraging a saturated fixed-effects model that controls for annual trends and location-specific seasonality, and that allows the impacts of temperature to vary non-parametrically while rainfall and humidity have flexible non-linear forms, we find that extreme heat and humidity in the month of birth exert significant negative effects on children's nutritional status as measured by mid upper arm circumference. The impact of humidity in particular persists when child, mother and household controls are included. We find that exposure to changing climate in utero and in the month of conception also matters. Possible explanations for our findings include consequences of varying heat, humidity, and rainfall on the extent of pasture, rain-fed and irrigated lands, on the propensity of household out-migration, and on mother's age at first marriage. We employ alternate models and undertake falsification tests to underline the robustness of the estimates. Our results indicate that climate change has real consequences for the health of very young populations who are in vulnerable areas. |
| Keywords: | climate change, temperature, humidity, rainfall, Bangladesh, children, mid upper arm circumference, non-parametric, non-linear |
| JEL: | Q54 I15 O15 Q56 J13 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14657&r= |
| By: | McCullough, Michael P.; Hamilton, Lynn L.; Walters, Cory G. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312800&r= |
| By: | Jorge A. Bonilla; Claudia Aravena; Ricardo Morales-Betancourt |
| Abstract: | Addressing inequality is recognized a worldwide development objective. The literature has primarily focused on examining economic or social inequality, but rarely on environmental inequality. Since inequality is multidimensional, several facets may overlap imposing a disproportionate burden on vulnerable communities. This study investigates the magnitude of air-quality inequality in conjunction with economic and social inequalities in Bogota (Colombia). It explores where inequalities overlap and assesses alleviation measures by tackling air pollution. We develop a composite index to estimate performance in socioeconomic and air quality characteristics across the city and evaluate inequality with a variety of measures. Using an atmospheric-chemical transport model, we simulate the impact of three air pollution abatement policies: paving roads, industry fuel substitution, and diesel-vehicle renewal on fine particle concentrations, and compute their effect on inequality. Results show that allocation of air-quality across Bogota is highly unequal, exceeding economic or social inequality. Evidence indicates economic, social and air quality disparities intersect displaying southwest as the most vulnerable zone. Paving roads is the most progressive and cost-effective policy, reducing overall inequality between 19-84% with net benefits exceeding US$479 million. Our analysis also suggests that benefits of renewing diesel heavy- and light-duty vehicles do not compensate the costs. |
| Keywords: | inequality measures, air pollution, atmospheric chemical transport model, humanhealth, cost-benefit analysis. |
| JEL: | D63 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–08–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000089:019465&r= |
| By: | Srivastav, Sugandha; Rafaty, Ryan |
| Abstract: | The chasm between required and actual emissions abatement continues to grow in part because stringent climate laws and policies have repeatedly been blocked, repealed or weakened by obstructionist lobbies. Lobbying by the climate change countermovement dwarfs that by the climate movement. To make meaningful progress towards global emissions abatement, smart political strategies are needed. Drawing on evidence from current and past sociotechnical transitions and social movements, we propose a taxonomy of five strategic paradigms for overcoming obstructionism: antagonism ("name, shame, boycott and sue"), appeasement ("compensate the losers"), co-optation ("change from within"), institutionalism ("change the rules of the game") and countervailance ("support the alternative"). Each "world" of strategy addresses the problem of obstructionism through a different lens, reflecting a diversity of actors, tactics, and theories of change within the climate movement. We develop a heuristic model to explore how these strategies change a politician's incentives across different institutional contexts, both statically and dynamically. |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2021-07&r= |
| By: | Funke, Franziska; Mattauch, Linus; Klenert, David; O'Callaghan, Brian |
| Abstract: | The nexus of COVID-19 and climate change has so far brought attention to short-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, public health responses and clean recovery stimulus packages. We take a more holistic approach, making five broad comparisons between the crises with five associated lessons for climate change mitigation policy. First, delay is costly. Second, policy design must overcome biases to human judgment. Third, inequality can be exacerbated without timely action. Fourth, global problems require multiple forms of international cooperation. Fifth, transparency of normative positions is needed to navigate value judgments at the science-policy interface. Learning from policy actions during the COVID-19 crisis could enhance efforts to reduce GHG emissions and prepare humanity for future crises. |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2020-16&r= |
| By: | Somerville, Scott; Hart, Jarrett; Sumner, Daniel A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312824&r= |
| By: | Patrycja Klusak (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, University of Cambridge); Matthew Agarwala (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, University of Cambridge); Matt Burke (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, University of Cambridge); Moritz Kraemer (Centre for Sustainable Finance, SOAS, UK); Kamiar Mohaddes (EPRG, CJBS, Univeristy of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Sovereign credit rating, climate change, counterfactual analysis, climateeconomy models, corporate debt, sovereign debt |
| JEL: | C33 C53 G10 G18 H63 O44 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2110&r= |
| By: | Hötte, Kerstin; Jee, Su Jung; Srivastav, Sugandha |
| Abstract: | Technologies help adapt to climate change but little systematic research about these technologies and their interaction with mitigation exists. We identify climate change adaptation technologies (CCATs) in US patent data to study the technological frontier in adaptation. We find that patenting in CCATs was roughly stagnant over the past decades. CCATs form two main clusters: (1) science-intensive CCATs related to agriculture, health and monitoring technologies; and (2) engineering-based for coastal, water and infrastructure adaptation. 25% of CCATs help in climate change mitigation, and we infer that synergies can be maximized through well designed policy. CCATs rely more on public R&D than other inventions, and CCAT patents are citing more science over time, indicating a growing relevance of research as a knowledge source for innovation. Policymakers can use these results to get greater clarity on where R&D support for CCATs can be directed. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2021-19&r= |
| By: | Preusse, Verena; Wollni, Meike |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312690&r= |
| By: | Yau-Huo Shr; Wendong Zhang (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD)) |
| Abstract: | Discrete choice experiments have been extensively used to value environmental quality; however, some important attributes may often be omitted due to design challenges. In the case of agricultural water pollution, omitting downstream water quality benefits could lead to biased estimates and misinterpretations of local water quality attributes presented in choice experiments. Using a split-sample design and a statewide survey of Iowa residents, we provide the first systematic evaluation of how households' willingness-to-pay for water quality improvement when downstream water quality benefits, hypoxic zone reduction in our case, are omitted. We find that omitting non-local water quality attributes significantly reduces the total economic value of nutrient reduction programs but does not bias the marginal willingness-to-pay for local water quality attributes. We also find suggestive evidence showing that such omission, in line with the theoretical prediction, only changes the preferences of respondents who are aware of the downstream impacts of plans that led to local water quality improvement. In addition, our results show that providing information on the non-local water quality benefits of nutrient reduction increases support for water quality improvement plans but only among local residents who are less informed on water quality issues. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:21-wp620&r= |
| By: | Bachelet, Marion (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)); Kalkuhl, Matthias (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)); Koch, Nicolas (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic created the largest experiment in working from home. We study how persistent telework may change energy and transport consumption and costs in Germany to assess the distributional and environmental implications when working from home will stick. Based on data from the German Microcensus and available classifications of working-from-home feasibility for different occupations, we calculate the change in energy consumption and travel to work when 15% of employees work full time from home. Our findings suggest that telework translates into an annual increase in heating energy expenditure of 110 euros per worker and a decrease in transport expenditure of 840 euros per worker. All income groups would gain from telework but high-income workers gain twice as much as low-income workers. The value of time saving is between 1.3 and 6 times greater than the savings from reduced travel costs and almost 9 times higher for high-income workers than low-income workers. The direct effects on CO2 emissions due to reduced car commuting amount to 4.5 millions tons of CO2, representing around 3 percent of carbon emissions in the transport sector. |
| Keywords: | working from home, COVID-19, distributional effect, climate impact |
| JEL: | D13 J22 J61 Q40 R11 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14642&r= |
| By: | Kundu, Debadrita; Katare, Bhagyashree; Tolhurst, Tor N. |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312680&r= |
| By: | Charles Collet (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Gastineau (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel); Benoit Chèze (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Frederic Martinez (AME-DCM - Dynamiques des changements de mobilité - Université de Lyon - Université Gustave Eiffel); Pierre-Alexandre Mahieu (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - IUML - FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UN - Université de Nantes - ECN - École Centrale de Nantes - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IEMN-IAE Nantes - Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes) |
| Abstract: | The transportation sector constitutes one of the main contributors to CO2 emissions. Several incentive measures have been already proposed by economists to mitigate these emissions. But, as we all know, these tools have met with mixed success. This paper proposes the use of attribute valence framing, i.e. a description of the same object/characteristics positively or negatively, in order to reduce CO2 emissions. This so-called nudge is easier to implement than more traditional tools, such as taxation, and does not rely on the stringent assumption that individuals are fully rational. The findings from a discrete choice experiment focusing on long-distance travel choice are reported herein. Results indicate that a loss framing on CO2 emissions significantly increases the respondents' practice of pro-environmental behaviors. The framing effect is larger when applied to CO2 than to travel duration (+50% and +30% of the willingness to pay, respectively). In employing psychological constructs, it is shown that preferences are affected by individuals' psychological features (i.e. a preference for the future and environmental self-identity), and moreover that the magnitude of the framing effect depends on individuals' motivational strategies. |
| Keywords: | Framing effect,Discrete choice experiment,Pro-environmental behavior,Travelers' willingness to pay |
| Date: | 2021–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03321706&r= |
| By: | Biedny, Christina; Mason, Nicole M.; Caputo, Vincenzina; Snapp, Sieglinde S. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312722&r= |
| By: | Lee, Juhee; Nemati, Mehdi; Allaire, Maura; Dinar, Ariel |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312919&r= |
| By: | Ha, Sang Su; Sampson, Gabriel; Min, Doohong |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312867&r= |
| By: | Mattauch, Linus; van den Bijgaart, Inge; Klenert, David; Sulikova, Simona |
| Abstract: | Transport has a large number of significant externalities including carbon emissions, air pollution, accidents, and congestion. Active travel such as cycling and walking can reduce these externalities. Moreover, public health research has identified additional social gains from active travel due to health benefits of increased physical exercise. In fact, on a per mile basis, these benefits dominate the external social costs from car use by two orders of magnitude. We introduce health benefits and active travel options into an optimal taxation model of transport externalities to study appropriate policy responses. We characterise the optimal second-best fuel tax analytically: when physical exercise is considered welfare-enhancing, the optimal fuel tax increases. Under central parameter assumptions it rises by 49% in the US and 36% in the UK. This is due to the low fuel price elasticity of active travel. We argue that fuel taxes should be implemented jointly with other policies aimed at increasing the uptake of active travel to reap its full health benefits. |
| Keywords: | Transport Externalities, Congestion, Active travel, Fuel, Health Behaviour, Optimal Taxation |
| JEL: | H23 I12 Q53 Q54 Q58 R41 R48 Z28 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2020-22&r= |
| By: | Lynn Riggs (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Livvy Mitchell (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | Efforts to reduce emissions to counter climate change are expected to have both costs and benefits, and these effects are likely to be unevenly distributed across the population. We examined the potential distributional impacts on employment in New Zealand from using different mitigation options (“pathways”) designed to achieve net zero emissions of long-lived gases and to reduce biogenic methane emissions by 24-47% by 2050. For the analysis, we developed the Distributional Impacts Microsimulation for Employment (DIM-E). DIM-E uses results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, C-PLAN, to estimate which industries, workers and jobs are expected to be most affected by different options to achieve these reductions. Overall, our results are similar to those from previous research in that the net employment effects are predicted to be relatively small, though some industries will be more affected than others. Moreover, the top net negative and top net positive industries ranked fairly consistently across the four time periods and across the different pathways that were analysed. On the net positive side, transport industries tended to dominate the industry rankings, and in later periods, some agriculture industries also tended to rank highly (e.g., Dairy Cattle Farming and Sheep/Beef Farming). On the net negative side, various manufacturing industries tended to dominate the top ranks, though oil and gas extraction was also consistently ranked. We also found that very few groups of workers were negatively affected (in terms of the number of worker-jobs) by any of the proposed pathways especially over the long term. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics, Climate Change Mitigation, Distributional Impacts of Employment |
| JEL: | J01 Q52 R11 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:21_07&r= |
| By: | Rub, Abdur; Tack, Jesse B.; Barkley, Andrew P. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312781&r= |
| By: | Peterson-Wilhelm, Bailey; Durand-Morat, Alvaro; Nalley, Lawton L.; Norsworthy, Jason; Bagavathiannan, Muthukumar V. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312774&r= |
| By: | Gatti, Nicolas; Gomez, Miguel I.; Bennett, Ruth; Bowe, Justine |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312754&r= |
| By: | Heshmatpour, Masoumeh; Hurley, Terrance M. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312837&r= |
| By: | Lovén, Ida (AgriFood economics centre); Nordin, Martin (AgriFood economics centre) |
| Abstract: | A topical policy goal is to design agri-environmental schemes that not only protect the environment but also foster agricultural production. This paper contribute with new knowledge towards this ambition, exploring the role of agri-environmental schemes for farm survival. Employing rich farmlevel data on Swedish farms during 2001-2014, we explore farm survival using discrete-time hazard models and finds a significant association between agri-environmental schemes and farm survival. More specifically, the results suggests that participants are more likely to survive than farms without an agri-environmental scheme commitment and more extensive commitments favors increased survival up to a point when the commitment becomes too large in relation to other commitments and resources of the farm. Robustness analysis across subsamples of farms supports the finding that agri-environmental schemes are correlated with survival also for different groups of farms. Together, these results suggests that the agri-environmental schemes are important for farmers, and not only as a means to enable environmental protection. Consequently, this study contributes to policy, underlining the importance to encompass consequences beyond environmental concerns when assessing the overall benefits of the agri-environmental schemes. |
| Keywords: | agri-environmental schemes; farm survival; duration analysis; Sweden |
| JEL: | N50 |
| Date: | 2020–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:luagri:2020_002&r= |
| By: | Kim, Hyunjung; Herriges, Joseph A.; Lupi, Frank |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312882&r= |
| By: | Mekky, Maher F.; Collins, Alan R.; Brooke, William |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312701&r= |
| By: | David Anthoff; Francis Dennig; Johannes Emmerling |
| Abstract: | The consensus view amongst economists is that carbon prices, in order to be effcient, must be the same across the globe. But when there are inefficiencies in the allocation of capital so that consumers in different countries face different discount rates, we show that efficient carbon prices must be different across countries. This is a consequence of Hotelling’s familiar argument on the price of a non-renewable resource: it must grow at the rate of the next best use of marginal funds, which is equal to the country’s discount rate. If different countries discount at different rates, their carbon prices ought to grow at different rates as well. If they grow at different rates, they can’t be the same all of the time, as first-best carbon prices are. The computational climate policy literature has so far avoided this conclusion by altering time preferences in a country specific way through time-varying Negishi weights. We show that the use of such weights causes inefficient policy prescriptions and, furthermore, has the particularly undesirable consequence of incorrectly discounting future consumption more in countries with high growth rates. The existence of inefficiencies in the savings process - causing differences in discount rates - is well-known and should be acknowledged head on in climate policy analysis. Doing so results in global mitigation policy with carbon price paths for different countries growing (efficiently) at different rates. |
| Keywords: | carbon price, Hotelling rule, efficient climate policy, Negishi weights, integrated assessment models, discounting |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9243&r= |
| By: | Patrick Flynn; Michelle M. Marcus |
| Abstract: | The Clean Water Act (CWA) significantly improved surface water quality, but at a cost exceeding the estimated benefits. We quantify the effect of the CWA on a direct measure of health and incorporate health benefits into a cost-benefit analysis. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we compare health upstream and downstream from wastewater treatment facilities before and after CWA grant receipt. Pollution only decreased downstream from facilities required to upgrade their treatment technology, and we leverage this additional variation with a triple difference. CWA grants increased average birth weight by 8 grams. A back-of-the-envelope calculation bounds infant health benefits below $29 billion. |
| JEL: | H51 I1 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29152&r= |
| By: | Laborde, David; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Martin, William J.; Piñeiro, Valeria; Vos, Rob |
| Keywords: | International Development, International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312847&r= |
| By: | Hind Ennaji (Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir]); Mustapha Jaad (Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir]) |
| Abstract: | In a highly competitive environment, the issue of green logistics is receiving considerable attention. Green supply chain management has become an important organizational philosophy for reducing environmental risk, so it plays an important role in improving business performance. In 1991, the American Logistics Council, a U.S.-based trade organization, defined logistics as: "the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from one point of origin to another" (Council of Logistics Management | Trade Organization, n.d.) Since the application of logistics generally has a positive effect on the efficiency of the supply chain system, it is suggested that logistics should be environmentally friendly, hence the concept of "green logistics". There are many barriers and factors that directly and indirectly affect the implementation of green practices in an organization (at different levels and depending on the level of development of the organization). In this paper, a total number of 27 barriers and 41 drivers are identified from the literature. These Barriers and Drivers are almost common in various sectors for the adoption and implementation of GSCM in companies. |
| Abstract: | Dans un environnement hautement compétitif, la question de la logistique verte suscite une attention considérable. La gestion verte de la chaîne d'approvisionnement est devenue une philosophie organisationnelle importante pour réduire risque environnemental, ainsi elle joue un rôle important dans l'amélioration de la performance des entreprises. En 1991, le conseil américain en logistique , une organisation commerciale basée aux États-Unis, a défini la logistique comme suit : « le processus de planification, de mise en œuvre et de contrôle du flux et du stockage efficaces des biens, des services et des informations connexes d'un point d'origine à un autre »(Council of Logistics Management | Trade Organization, s. d.) Étant donné que l'application de la logistique a généralement un effet positif sur l'efficacité du système de la chaine logistique, Il est suggéré que la logistique doit être respectueuse de l'environnement, c'est d'où vient donc le concept de «logistique verte». Il existe de nombreux obstacles ainsi que des facteurs qui affectent directement et indirectement la mise en œuvre des pratiques vertes dans une organisation (à différents niveaux et en fonction du niveau de développement de l'organisation). Dans cet article, un nombre total de 27 obstacles et 41 moteurs sont identifiés de la littérature. Ces Barrières et moteurs sont presque communs dans divers secteurs pour l'adoption et la mise en œuvre de la GSCM dans les entreprises. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development,Green Logistics,Supply Chain Management,Développement Durable,Gestion de la Chaine Logistique,Logistique verte |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03313907&r= |
| By: | Drieschova, Alena |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses the role of social media in shifting the climate change discourse in the North Atlantic region. Changes in the media environment have removed traditional gatekeepers of information dissemination and empowered new kinds of actors to reach large audiences. Yet, the techniques and the particular messaging through which these audiences can be reached has had to change as well. Messages spread widely on social media if they get shared, liked, retweeted frequently. They need to provoke a reaction in their audience, that leads the audience to actively respond to the messages, be it only with a mouse click. Within the climate change field two new kinds of actors have the potential to seize upon this new opportunity structure: climate sceptics and pro-climate activist social movements. Through a qualitative social media analysis, this paper compares the specific messaging strategies these two communities have deployed. It finds that the climate strike movement, notably led by Greta Thunberg, could effectively seize the opportunities social media provide to reach large audiences. By contrast, climate sceptics have been significantly less successful. Counter-intuitively, the paper finds that digitization can not only empower tech-savvy individuals, but also specific, comparatively low tech, and hitherto marginalized individuals. Notably, young women, if they can draw on their vulnerability, aesthetics, and emotional messaging, can acquire high attention scores when advocating for political change. |
| Keywords: | Climate change,social media,Fridays for Future,climate strike,Greta Thunberg,climate skepticism,social movements,populism,discourse,aesthetics,images |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:khkgcr:29&r= |
| By: | Ottmar Edenhofer; Kai Lessmann; Ibrahim Tahri |
| Abstract: | Climate policy needs to set incentives for actors who face imperfect, distorted markets and large uncertainties about the costs and benefits of abatement. Investors price uncertain assets according to their expected return and risk (carbon beta). We study carbon pricing and financial incentives in a consumption-based asset pricing model distorted by technology spillover and timeinconsistency. We find that both distortions reduce the equilibrium asset return and delay investment in abatement. However, their effect on the carbon beta and risk premium of abatement can be decreasing (when innovation spillovers are not anticipated) or increasing (when climate policy is not credible). Efficiency can be restored by carbon pricing and financial incentives, implemented in our model by a regulator and by a long-term investment fund. The regulator commands carbon pricing and the fund provides subsidies to reduce technology costs or to boost investment returns. The investment subsidy creates a financial incentive that complements the carbon price. In this way the investment fund can support climate policy when the actions of the regulator fall short. These instruments must also consider the investment risk and the sequence of their implementation. The investment fund can then pave the way for carbon pricing in later periods by preventing a capital misallocation that would be too expensive to correct. Thus the investment fund improves the feasibility of ambitious carbon pricing. |
| Keywords: | carbon budget, CCAPM, policy instruments, external effect |
| JEL: | Q54 D81 G12 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9269&r= |
| By: | Bergstrom, John; Landry, Craig; Salazar, John |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312805&r= |
| By: | Sharma, Bijay P.; Khanna, Madhu; Miao, Ruiqing |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312745&r= |
| By: | Park, Byungyul; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Aglasan, Serkan; Hagen, Stephen; Salas, William |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312620&r= |
| By: | Bosch, Darrell J.; Zhang, Wei; Hu, Chenyang |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312697&r= |
| By: | Thomas D. Jeitschko; Pallavi Pal |
| Abstract: | In recent years, a significant problem with the carbon credit market has been the higher than initially predicted price volatility. It is essential to study the market in a repeated-period dynamic setting to identify the factors enabling high fluctuations in prices. In this paper, we examine the dynamic auction design and propose a method to curb price volatility through a flexible supply cap. The equilibrium analysis shows that modifying the cap on per period supply can decrease price fluctuations. Currently, the government or the auctioneer sets a per-period limit on the supply, which reduces at a fixed rate over time. However, this paper suggests that a flexible cap on the per-period supply would be a better alternative. Specifically, we show that correlating the supply rate with expected future demand results in a more stable price. |
| Keywords: | dynamic mechanism design, auctions, emissions permits, environmental regulation, climate change |
| JEL: | D43 L11 L42 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9266&r= |
| By: | Boudreaux, Gregory L.; Lupi, Frank; Sohngen, Brent; Xu, Alan Yilan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312712&r= |
| By: | Lapatinas, Athanasios; Litina, Anastasia; Zanaj, Skerdilajda |
| Abstract: | This paper establishes economic complexity as a powerful predictor of environmental attitudes. While the economic complexity index (ECI) has been associated with a series of economic outcomes, yet there has not been a link in the literature between ECI and environmental attitudes. This research pushes forward the hypothesis that economic complexity shapes cultural values and beliefs. We use a multilevel empirical analysis that associates aggregate values of the ECI, at the country level, with individual responses related to attitudes towards the environment. Our findings suggest that more complex economies are associated with: i) a higher likelihood to participate voluntarily in organizations targeting environmental protection; and ii) higher willingness to pay for the environment. To further reinforce our findings by ensuring identification we replicate the benchmark analysis using as a proxy of a country's level of economic complexity, the average ECI of the neighbouring countries (weighted by population and/or volume of trade) . With a similar intention, i.e., to mitigate endogeneity concerns as well as to further frame our findings as ``the cultural implications of ECI'' we replicate our analysis with a sample of second generation immigrants. The immigrant analysis, suggests that the level of economic complexity of the parents' country of origin, has a long-lasting effect on second generation immigrants' attitudes related to the environment. Because humankind’s attitudes and actions are of key importance for a sustainable future, a better understanding as to what drives environmental attitudes appears critical both for researchers and policy makers. |
| Keywords: | Economic Complexity Index; Environmental Attitudes; Multilevel analysis; Migration |
| JEL: | O3 Z1 |
| Date: | 2020–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:105067&r= |
| By: | Van Deynze, Braeden; Fonner, Robert C.; Feist, Blake; Jardine, Sunny L.; Holland, Daniel S. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312843&r= |
| By: | Mr. Abdelhak S Senhadji; Alexander F. Tieman; Mr. Edward R Gemayel; Ms. Dora Benedek |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic hit countries’ development agendas hard. The ensuing recession has pushed millions into extreme poverty and has shrunk government resources available for spending on achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This Staff Discussion Note assesses the current state of play on funding SDGs in five key development areas: education, health, roads, electricity, and water and sanitation, using a newly developed dynamic macroeconomic framework. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals, Development, Fiscal Policy, Structural Reform; policy option; composite index; case study countries' SDG spending; financing gap; SDG performance; analysis of development strategy; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); COVID-19; Human capital; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Infrastructure; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global |
| Date: | 2021–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfsdn:2021/003&r= |
| By: | McCann, Laura M.; Michler, Jeffrey D.; Estrada Carmona, Natalia; Raneri, Jessica; McCann, Laura E. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312894&r= |
| By: | Mattauch, Linus; Zhao, Jiaxin |
| Abstract: | Carbon pricing is the efficient instrument to reduce emissions. However, the geographical and sectoral coverage of substantial carbon pricing is low, often due to concerns that pricing may increase economic inequality. Regulatory standards such as fuel economy standards are more popular. But do they have an equity advantage over carbon pricing? We develop two new formal models to identify economic situations, in which standards could be preferred over carbon pricing. First, we prove that an efficiency standard can be more equitable than carbon pricing when consumers exhibit a preference for high-carbon technology attributes. Evidence from the US vehicle market confirms this finding. Second, we show theoretically, and by means of a numerical application to the Chinese transport sector, that intensity standards are preferable when richer households consume more goods with higher carbon intensity. Our results hold when the revenue from carbon pricing is not very progressively redistributed. These insights can help advance decarbonisation when pricing remains unpopular. |
| Keywords: | Incidence, Distributional effects, Carbon pricing, Efficiency standards, Intensity standards |
| JEL: | H22 H23 Q52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2020-25&r= |
| By: | Fenton, Marieke; Goodrich, Brittney K.; Penn, Jerrod |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312856&r= |
| By: | Shinsuke Tanaka; Kensuke Teshima; Eric Verhoogen |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effect of a tightening of the U.S. air-quality standard for lead in 2009 on the relocation of battery recycling to Mexico and on infant health in Mexico. In the U.S., airborne lead dropped sharply near affected plants, most of which were battery-recycling plants. Exports of used batteries to Mexico rose markedly. In Mexico, production increased at battery-recycling plants, relative to comparable industries, and birth outcomes deteriorated within two miles of those plants, relative to areas slightly farther away. The case provides a salient example of a pollution-haven effect between a developed and a developing country. |
| JEL: | F18 I14 I15 O15 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29146&r= |
| By: | VERKERK P. J.; CARDELLINI Giuseppe; VAN MEIJL Hans; PYKA Andreas |
| Abstract: | This report analyses the existing capacity and needs for bioeconomy modelling to integrate all three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, environmental) and provides recommendations for developing new and improved models that are better suited to assist foresight activities and policy making related to the targeted transformation.There are already several models and recent extensions to support the analysis of key policy issues. Part of the recommendations therefore focus on extensions of the existing modelling capacity, to close identified gaps within currently existing economic structures and their adaptation to policy interventions. Another set of recommendations focuses on the application of so-called emerging modelling approaches, which can close gaps that cannot be addressed by extending existing models. These gaps concern changing economic structures on the supply side and behavioural patterns on the consumption side, which are required to be captured to understand the long-term dimensions of the targeted transformation. The capacity of emerging modelling approaches to analyse the effects of agents’ heterogeneity in decision making, fundamental pattern changes like the overcoming of lock-ins, as well as socio-economic and environment system interactions, makes them interesting for bioeconomy modelling. |
| Keywords: | Bioeconomy, modelling, models, agriculture, forestry, SDGs |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc124579&r= |
| By: | Duke, Joshua M.; Liu, Zhongyuan; Johnston, Robert J.; Shober, Amy |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312699&r= |
| By: | Nicholas Ryan |
| Abstract: | Green energy is produced by relationship-specific assets that are vulnerable to hold-up if contracts are not strictly enforced. I study the role of counterparty risk in the procurement of green energy using data on the universe of solar procurement auctions in India. The Indian context allows clean estimates of how risk affects procurement, because solar power plants set up in the same states, by the same firms, are procured in auctions variously intermediated by either risky states themselves or the central government. I find that: (i) the counterparty risk of an average state increases solar energy prices by 10%; (ii) the intermediation of the central government eliminates this risk premium; (iii) higher prices due to risk reduce investment, because state demand for green energy is elastic. The results suggest that the risk of hold-up places developing countries at a disadvantage in the procurement of green energy. |
| JEL: | L14 O13 Q42 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29154&r= |
| By: | Qingyu Xu (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA); Benjamin Hobbs (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA) |
| Keywords: | Carbon policy, Border carbon adjustment, Electricity markets, Expansion planning, Market efficiency |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2032&r= |
| By: | Richard Green (Imperial College Business School); Iain Staffell (Imperial College London) |
| Keywords: | Electricity Decarbonisation, Shapley Value, Carbon Pricing, Renewables |
| JEL: | L94 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2105&r= |
| By: | Harding, Robin; Prem, Mounu; Ruiz, Nelson A.; Vargas, David L. |
| Abstract: | While existing work has demonstrated that campaign donations can buy access to benefits such as favorable legislation and preferential contracting, we highlight another use of campaign contributions: buying forbearance. Specifically, we argue that in return for campaign contributions, Colombian mayors who rely on donor-funding (compared to those who do not) choose not to enforce sanctions against illegal deforestation activities. Using a regression discontinuity design we show that deforestation is significantly higher in municipalities that elect donor-funded as opposed to self-funded politicians. Further analysis shows that only part of this effect can be explained by differences is contracting practices by donor-funded mayors. Instead, evidence from analysis of fire clearance, and of heterogeneity in the effects according to the presence of alternative formal and informal enforcement institutions, supports the interpretation that campaign contributions buy forbearance from enforcement of environmental regulations. |
| Keywords: | Campaign donations; Deforestation; Forbearance |
| JEL: | P48 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rie:riecdt:84&r= |
| By: | Tran, Lan T.; McCann, Laura M.; Skevas, Teo |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312886&r= |
| By: | Zeynep Clulow (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); Michele Ferguson (University of Queensland); Peta Ashworth (University of Queensland); David Reiner (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Political parties, public opinion, climate policy, energy policy |
| JEL: | D72 P18 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2106&r= |
| By: | Gallagher, Nicholas; Mitchell, Paul D.; Ruark, Matt; Shelly, Kevin |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312809&r= |
| By: | Zhang, Yuquan W.; McCarl, Bruce A.; Li, Qiang; Mu, Jianhong E.; Chang, Jinfeng |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312644&r= |
| By: | Yim, Hyejin; Katare, Bhagyashree; Wetzstein, Michael E.; Park, Timothy A.; Wang, Hong Holly |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312685&r= |
| By: | Laure Patouillard (CIRAIG - EPM - École Polytechnique de Montréal, IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Daphné Lorne (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Pierre Collet (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Cécile Bulle (CIRAIG - EPM - École Polytechnique de Montréal); Manuele Margni (CIRAIG - EPM - École Polytechnique de Montréal) |
| Abstract: | Purpose Consequential life cycle assessment (C-LCA) aims to assess the environmental consequences of a decision. It differs from traditional LCA because its inventory includes all the processes affected by the decision which are identified by accounting for causal links (physical, economic, etc.). However, C-LCA results could be quite uncertain which makes the interpretation phase harder. Therefore, strategies to assess and reduce uncertainty in C-LCA are needed. Part of uncertainty in C-LCA is due to spatial variability that can be reduced using regionalization. However, regionalization can be complex and time-consuming if straightforwardly applied to an entire LCA model. Methods The main purpose of this article is to prioritize regionalization efforts to enhance interpretation in C-LCA by assessing the spatial uncertainty of a case study building on a partial equilibrium economic model. Three specific objectives are derived: (1) perform a C-LCA case study of alternative transportation scenarios to investigate the benefits of implementing a public policy for energy transition in France by 2050 with an uncertainty analysis to explore the strength of our conclusions, (2) perform global sensitivity analyses to identify and quantify the main sources of spatial uncertainty between foreground inventory model from partial equilibrium economic modeling, background inventory model and characterization factors, (3) propose a strategy to reduce the spatial uncertainty for our C-LCA case study by prioritizing regionalization. Results and discussion Results show that the implementation of alternative transport scenarios in compliance with public policy for the energy transition in France is beneficial for some impact categories (ICs) (global warming, marine acidification, marine eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, thermally polluted water, photochemical oxidant formation, and particulate matter formation), with a confidence level of 95%. For other ICs, uncertainty reduction is required to determine conclusions with a similar level of confidence. Input variables with spatial variability from the partial equilibrium economic model are significant contributors to the C-LCA spatial uncertainty and should be prioritized for spatial uncertainty reduction. In addition, characterization factors are significant contributors to the spatial uncertainty results for all regionalized ICs (except land occupation IC). Conclusions Ways to reduce the spatial uncertainty from economic modeling should be explored. Uncertainty reduction to enhance the interpretation phase and the decision-making should be prioritized depending on the goal and scope of the LCA study. In addition, using regionalized CFs in C-LCA seems to be relevant, and C-LCA calculation tools should be adapted accordingly. |
| Abstract: | Objectif L'analyse du cycle de vie conséquentielle (ACV-C) vise à évaluer les conséquences environnementales d'une décision. Elle diffère de l'ACV traditionnelle car son inventaire comprend tous les processus affectés par la décision qui sont identifiés en tenant compte des liens de causalité (physiques, économiques, etc.). Cependant, les résultats de l'ACV-C peuvent être assez incertains, ce qui rend la phase d'interprétation plus difficile. Par conséquent, des stratégies pour évaluer et réduire l'incertitude dans l'ACV-C sont nécessaires. Une partie de l'incertitude de l'ACC est due à la variabilité spatiale qui peut être réduite en utilisant la régionalisation. Cependant, la régionalisation peut être complexe et prendre beaucoup de temps si elle est appliquée directement à un modèle d'ACV complet. Méthodes L'objectif principal de cet article est de prioriser les efforts de régionalisation pour améliorer l'interprétation dans l'ACV-C en évaluant l'incertitude spatiale d'une étude de cas basée sur un modèle économique d'équilibre partiel. Trois objectifs spécifiques sont dérivés : (1) réaliser une étude de cas C-LCA de scénarios de transport alternatifs pour étudier les bénéfices de la mise en œuvre d'une politique publique de transition énergétique en France d'ici 2050 avec une analyse d'incertitude pour explorer la force de nos conclusions, (2) réaliser des analyses de sensibilité globales pour identifier et quantifier les principales sources d'incertitude spatiale entre le modèle d'inventaire de premier plan issu de la modélisation économique d'équilibre partiel, le modèle d'inventaire de fond et les facteurs de caractérisation, (3) proposer une stratégie pour réduire l'incertitude spatiale pour notre étude de cas C-LCA en priorisant la régionalisation. Résultats et discussion Les résultats montrent que la mise en œuvre de scénarios de transport alternatifs en conformité avec la politique publique de transition énergétique en France est bénéfique pour certaines catégories d'impact (CI) (réchauffement climatique, acidification marine, eutrophisation marine, acidification terrestre, eau thermiquement polluée, formation d'oxydants photochimiques et formation de particules), avec un niveau de confiance de 95%. Pour les autres CI, une réduction de l'incertitude est nécessaire pour déterminer les conclusions avec un niveau de confiance similaire. Les variables d'entrée avec une variabilité spatiale provenant du modèle économique d'équilibre partiel contribuent de façon significative à l'incertitude spatiale de l'ACV-C et devraient être priorisées pour la réduction de l'incertitude spatiale. En outre, les facteurs de caractérisation contribuent de manière significative aux résultats de l'incertitude spatiale pour tous les CI régionalisés (sauf le CI d'occupation des sols). Conclusions Il convient d'explorer les moyens de réduire l'incertitude spatiale de la modélisation économique. La réduction de l'incertitude afin d'améliorer la phase d'interprétation et la prise de décision doit être priorisée en fonction de l'objectif et de la portée de l'étude ACV. En outre, l'utilisation de FC régionalisées dans l'ACV-C semble être pertinente, et les outils de calcul de l'ACV-C devraient être adaptés en conséquence. |
| Keywords: | partial equilibrium economic modelling,regionalization,public policy,transport,uncertainty,interpretation,Life Cycle Assessment,global sensitivity analysis,modèle d'équilibre partiel |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03111911&r= |
| By: | David Newbery (Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | wind curtailment, market failures, corrective charges |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q28 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2036&r= |
| By: | Ufer, Danielle; Ortega, David L.; Wolf, Christopher A.; Swanson, Janice; McKendree, Melissa G. S. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312619&r= |
| By: | Christos Genakos (CJBS, University of Cambridge); Felix Grey (Faculty of Economics and Energy Policy Research Group, University of Cambridge); Robert Ritz (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Pass-through, imperfect competition, regulation, carbon pricing, airlines, political economy |
| JEL: | D43 H23 L51 L93 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2023&r= |
| By: | Blumberg, Joey; Goemans, Christopher; Manning, Dale |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312796&r= |
| By: | Hensen, Reid; Mooney, Daniel F.; Hill, Alexandra E.; Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312794&r= |
| By: | Heshmatpour, Masoumeh; Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312871&r= |
| By: | Nitish Gupta; Jay Shah; Satwik Gupta; Ruchir Kaul |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we estimate the causal impact (i.e. Average Treatment Effect, ATT) of the EU ETS on GHG emissions and firm competitiveness (primarily measured by employment, turnover, and exports levels) by combining a difference-in-differences approach with semi-parametric matching techniques and estimators an to investigate the effect of the EU ETS on the economic performance of these German manufacturing firms using a Stochastic Production Frontier model. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2108.07163&r= |
| By: | Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya |
| Abstract: | Frequent droughts and rapidly depleting groundwater reserves have deepened the water scarcity crisis in Jordan. Even though most farms use ‘water-saving’ technologies, groundwater depletion continues at an alarming rate. We investigate how perceptions of physical water availability in the past are related to farmers’ current irrigation behaviour – frequency of irrigation and methods used in determining irrigation need. Using primary data from a survey of 414 commercial farms in Mafraq and Azraq governorates, we find that respondents who perceived reduction in physical water availability and faced agricultural losses in the past irrigated more frequently and were more likely to use self-judgement in determining irrigation need. These relationships were more pronounced for smaller farms, farms with sandy soil, mono-cropping farms and farms where the owner was the manager. These effects were lower for farms that preferred internet-based and in-person approaches for receiving irrigation advice. In addition, while the frequency of irrigation was higher among stone-fruit farms, the probability of using self-judgement in determining irrigation need was higher in olive farms and vegetable farms. We argue that farmers’ irrigation behaviour must be considered for groundwater management policy and planning in Jordan. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:313230&r= |
| By: | Wei Zhou (Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge); Alice Moncaster (Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge); David Reiner (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); Peter Guthrie (Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | building stock, System Dynamics, disaggregation, aging chain, energy retrofit |
| JEL: | C6 O18 Q4 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2018&r= |
| By: | Ioannis Arampatzidis (Department of Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany); Theologos Dergiades (Department of International and European Studies, University of Macedonia, Greece); Robert. K. Kaufmann (Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, USA); Theodore Panagiotidis (Department of Economics, University of Macedonia, Greece) |
| Abstract: | We extend the existing understanding of the relation between oil prices and stock markets in two ways: (1) by evaluating the effects of the oil market on the U.S. stock market, at an aggregate level and for all forty-nine U.S. industry specific portfolios, and (2) by scrutinizing the dynamic nature of this relation, by fitting a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) specification for a large set of rolling samples with fixed size. Results indicate that the effect of oil prices on the U.S. stock market depends on the type and timing of the shock. An oil supply shock generally does not have a statistically measurable effect on stock market performance. Conversely, an aggregate demand shock has a positive effect on nearly all sectors while an oil-specific demand shock has a negative effect on stock returns for most industries. These results suggest that investors can shift the portfolios consistent with smaller effects of oil-related shocks and the costs of carbon taxes and/or tradeable permits may be smaller than commonly thought if stock prices represent the net present value of profits. |
| Keywords: | Stock markets, Oil shocks, Rolling SVAR, U.S. Industries, Carbon tax |
| JEL: | C10 G01 G02 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rim:rimwps:21-19&r= |
| By: | Sandrine Benoist (VALLOREM - Val de Loire Recherche en Management - UO - Université d'Orléans - Université de Tours) |
| Abstract: | Dans l'imaginaire collectif, la vie à la campagne est celle d'un havre de paix, c'est-à-dire un territoire où l'on peut vivre modestement et qui reste propice à la création d'une famille et à la promotion des valeurs comme l'honnêteté, le travail et l'indépendance (Pagès, 2004). Une telle description du secteur agricole peut faire croire à l'inexistence de risques psychosociaux tels que le stress. L'objet de cet article est de comprendre la nature des ressources mises en évidence par les exploitants agricoles pour faire face au stress, en mobilisant la théorie de conservation des ressources de Hobföll (1989). Afin d'apporter des éléments de réponse, une étude empirique a été menée auprès de 15 exploitants agricoles. Les résultats de la recherche montrent la place centrale des ressources dans la perception du stress professionnel des agriculteurs. Par ailleurs, l'étude permet d'analyser le caractère réel et matériel des pertes exprimées par les exploitants agricoles. Elle invite à réfléchir sur les « stratégies d'ajustement » susceptibles de faire face aux différentes tensions de rôles. |
| Keywords: | Farmer group,Job Strain,Role Strain,Conservation of Resources Theory,Paradox,Farmers,Monde agricole,Agriculteurs,Agricultrices,Exploitants agricoles,Exploitantes agricoles,Stress professionnel,Tensions de rôles,Théorie de la conservation des ressources,Paradoxe,Risques psychosociaux,Facteurs psychosociaux de risques,Ressources adaptatives,Pertes,Contraintes,Agriculture,Stress perçu |
| Date: | 2021–03–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03262804&r= |
| By: | Ramit Debnath (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); Vibhor Mittal (NTPC School of Business, India); Abhinav Jindal (Indian Institute of Management Indore, India) |
| Keywords: | Power System, Flexibility, Coal economy, Social disruption, Energy Transition, Electricity Bill 2020 |
| JEL: | Q4 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2031&r= |
| By: | Olivia Muza (University of Rwanda); Ramit Debnath (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Off-grid system, Sub-Saharan Africa, Social Shaping of Technology, Gender, Disruptive innovation |
| JEL: | D1 N37 P28 P46 Q4 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2017&r= |
| By: | Nitish Gupta; Ruchir Kaul; Satwik Gupta; Jay Shah |
| Abstract: | The results based on the nonparametric nearest neighbor matching suggest a statistically significant positive effect of the EU ETS on the economic performance of the regulated firms during Phase I of the EU ETS. A year-by-year analysis shows that the effect was only significant during the first year of Phase I. The EU ETS, therefore, had a particularly strong effect when it was introduced. It is important to note that the EU ETS does not homogeneously affect firms in the manufacturing sector. We found a significant positive impact of EU ETS on the economic performance of regulated firms in the paper industry. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2108.07116&r= |
| By: | Farmer, J. Doyne; Way, Rupert; Mealy, Penny |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the cost of four different scenarios for the global energy system from 2020 to 2070 using an empirically validated technology forecasting method based on an expansive historical dataset. A no-transition scenario that maintains the current energy mix provides a benchmark. Under a rapid transition scenario, solar photovoltaics and wind are quickly deployed using batteries for short-term storage. Hydrogen-based fuels are used for long-term storage and non-electrifiable applications. Energy prices become lower than historical averages after 2030 and considerably lower after 2050. This yields an expected net present saving at any sensible discount rate; at 4% for example, we predict savings of $5.6 trillion. In contrast, a slower transition is more expensive, while a nuclear scenario is substantially more expensive. |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2021-01&r= |
| By: | Paul Hindsley; Craig E. Landry; Kurt Schnier; John C. Whitehead; Mohammadreza Zarei |
| Abstract: | We estimate demand models with revealed preference (RP) site selection and stated preference (SP) discrete choice experiment marine recreational fishing data. We combine RP data from the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) creel survey with SP survey data from 2003/04. RP and SP data combination is motivated by two factors. Catch rate information in the RP data are often thin, and use of SP scenarios for changes in catch can improve variation while minimizing multicollinearity. The SP data can suffer from hypothetical bias, which often manifests itself as bias in the cost coefficient. There are eight SP trip decisions and one RP trip decision for each of 1928 anglers who provided enough information to be analyzed. Joint RP-SP generalized multinomial logit models are estimated. We find that the SP travel cost coefficient is much lower than the RP travel cost coefficient in absolute value, suggesting hypothetical bias in the SP data. This difference is reflected in the willingness to pay estimates, where the SP estimates for improved catch are much higher than the RP estimates. Attribute non-attendance (ANA) arises when survey respondents ignore choice experiment attributes. We use inferred ANA methods to identify respondents who may be ignoring the SP cost variable. The generalized multinomial logit model accounting for ANA is statistically preferred. The SP cost coefficient accounting for ANA is much higher in absolute value than the SP coefficient from the model that does not account for ANA. The ANA model indicates much more consistency between the RP and SP data. The smaller difference in the travel cost coefficients is also reflected in the willingness to pay estimates. Key Words: |
| JEL: | Q51 Q22 Q26 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:21-10&r= |
| By: | Arthur Dassan; Joelson Oliveira Sampaio, Vinícius Augusto Brunassi Silva, Rodrigo De-Losso |
| Abstract: | This paper compares water and sanitation services in municipalities that entered into a concession arrangement with a private operator versus those in a comparable control group of municipalities that continued with a public operator, and we explore five variables of interest: (i) water coverage; (ii) sewage collection; (iii) sewage treatment; (iv) average tariff; and (v) water losses. Using an empirical strategy and making improvements over previous literature, after controlling for municipality peculiarities, we adopt a difference-in-differences model with nearest neighbor matching (NNM) to evaluate private sector management impacts on these variables. We find a greater tariff increase in the first four years after a private operator's start after concession. We only identify weak evidence of greater sewage treatment increase in municipalities that change to a private operator and find no relevant or significant results for the other variables. In terms of policy, this paper contributes with the government clarifying the main benefits of privatizing water and sanitation services. |
| Keywords: | Water and Sanitation; Private sector management; Treatment Effect |
| JEL: | O18 H54 L95 Q53 |
| Date: | 2021–08–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2021wpecon22&r= |
| By: | Fuller, Sam; Kunz, Tatjana; Brown, Austin L.; D’Agostino, Mollie C. |
| Abstract: | Use of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft has grown rapidly in cities across the United States. TNCs often provide a cheaper and more flexible travel option than traditional taxi services, and could improve transportation sustainability if they facilitated more pooled travel and public transit use. However, TNCs’ growth has been linked to increased congestion and emissions. Cities and states have begun regulating TNCs, imposing taxes that are assessed per ride at a flat or percentage rate. Researchers at the University of California, Davis assessed 21 state and local TNC taxes across the United States and developed a method of comparing per-ride and percentage taxes. The researchers then assessed the likelihood of these taxes encouraging more sustainable travel. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Alternatives analysis, Fees, Policy analysis, Pollutants, Ridesharing, Ridesourcing, Sustainable transportation, Taxes, Traffic congestion |
| Date: | 2021–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5945q52x&r= |
| By: | Roman Inderst; Eftichios Sartzetakis; Anastasios Xepapadeas |
| Abstract: | We posit that consumers' preferences for more sustainable products depend on the perceived social norm, which in turn is shaped by average consumption in society. We explore the implications of such preferences for firms' incentives to introduce more sustainable products and to co-operate in order to either foster or forestall their introduction. Our main motivation lies in the increasing pressure put on antitrust authorities to exert more leniency towards horizontal agreements that are motivated by sustainability considerations. |
| Date: | 2021–07–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2109&r= |
| By: | Paul Simshauser (Griffith Business School, Griffith University) |
| Keywords: | Electricity, Renewable Energy Zones, transmission investment, locational investment signals |
| JEL: | D25 D80 G32 L51 Q41 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2103&r= |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Artola, María Antonia; de Vega, Raúl Ernesto; Morettini, Mariano; Narvarte, Alejandra; Marisquerena, Sergio Ezequiel |
| Abstract: | El Grupo Tercer Sector abordó inicialmente el estudio de la constitución, actividad económica y modalidades de gestión en las organizaciones asociativas del Partido de General Pueyrredon abordando posteriormente el acceso y uso a su infraestructura tecnológica. En la actualidad, con una mirada más amplia hacia los actores de la comunidad con los que se vinculan este tipo de entidades, se definen tres líneas de trabajo en el marco del desarrollo sostenible, la responsabilidad social -RS- y la reputación corporativa: (i) modelos comunicativos digitales, (ii) calidad de prestaciones informáticas y aplicaciones móviles, (iii) impacto ambiental de las prácticas organizativas mediadas por las tecnologías. |
| Keywords: | Responsabilidad Social; Huella de Carbono; Comunicación; Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones; |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3491&r= |
| By: | Kruse, Mirko; Sünner, Isabel |
| Abstract: | Die Bedeutung des Themas Kreislaufwirtschaft ist zuletzt spürbar gestiegen. Ursache hierfür sind unter anderem neue Regulierungen der EU, die auf diese Weise ihre Abhängigkeit von Ressourcenimporten reduzieren und die eigenen Nachhaltigkeitsziele erfüllen will. Besonders städtische Räume wie Hamburg haben besonderes Potenzial, von einer Kreislaufwirtschaft zu profitieren. Die vorliegende Analyse fasst zusammen, welche Akteure sich heute in Hamburg bereits mit dem Thema beschäftigen, wo Kreislaufwirtschaftsthemen bereits verankert sind und welche Verbesserungspotenziale sich ergeben. Dabei wird auch auf die Ergebnisse eines regionalen StakeholderWorkshops vom März 2020 zurückgegriffen. |
| Keywords: | Kreislaufwirtschaft,Circular Economy,Hamburg,Nachhaltigkeit,CO2-Emissionen |
| JEL: | O13 Q01 Q28 R1 R11 R58 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwipp:n132&r= |
| By: | Jieyi Kang (Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge); David Reiner (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Weather effects, residential electricity consumption, fixed-effects models, smart metering data |
| JEL: | C55 D12 R22 Q41 |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2112&r= |
| By: | MAINAR Alfredo; PHILIPPIDIS George |
| Abstract: | In accordance with the European Commission definition (European Commission, 2018), the Bioeconomy encompasses not only on primary sectors that employ and produce biological resources, but also those activities that depend on biological resources to generate value added products (i.e., food, feed, materials and energy). With its ubiquitous presence across the economy, a closed circular accounting database covering the interlinking transaction flows between firms, households and foreign trade, offers unique analytical insights into the total and decomposed impact of the bioeconomy on economic growth and employment. To meet this challenge, for each of the EU member states and for the EU aggregate, a set of highly disaggregated bio-based sector account splits within the framework of a Social Accounting Matrix (dubbed “BioSAMs”) were constructed for the year 2010 (Mainar et al., 2018a). To maintain the temporal relevance of this approach, this report carries out the same endeavour for the more recent year of 2015 that maintains the same disaggregation detail of agricultural and non-agricultural bio-based sectors. In addition, to ensure improved continuity of the database for future updates, the report also focuses on the use of a more systematic method of estimation based on the reconciliation of four main databases. Namely, (i) the CoCo database from the CAPRI model, (through the use of re-estimated AgroSAMs -Mueller et al., 2009), (ii) National Accounts and (iii) Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) from Eurostat and finally, (iv) the MAGNET model database. |
| Keywords: | Bioeconomy, Social Accounting Matrix |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc124810&r= |
| By: | Salam, Shiny; S R, Shehnaz; S, Suresh Kumar |
| Abstract: | The dimensions of the triangular relationship between companies, the state and the society has been rapidly transforming ever since the dawn of the present millennium and firms can no longer continue to act as independent entities regardless of the interest of the general public. The relationship between companies and society has been evolving from that of philanthropic coexistence to that where the mutual interest of all the stakeholders is given paramount importance. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the key elements of sustainable business. An examination of the present status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) would be an ideal starting ground for the conceptual development of suitable corporate business practices for emerging markets. Kerala, has achieved social and educational development comparable to most Western nations and has been acclaimed worldwide for its Kerala model of development though this achievement is not yet matched by industrial growth or economic development. With over a thousand companies registered and head quartered within the state coupled with many national and international ones operating in the state, will this regulatory mandate on CSR spending be a shot in the arm in social development of the state is a question that seeks answer from various quarters. The combined CSR spending in Kerala by all the qualified entities put together will work out to be around Rs 350 core to Rs 400 crore. It is in the backdrop, the study examined the CSR effectiveness of seven drivers namely regulatory compliances, brand reputation, employee interests, community concerns, investor interests, environmental interests and sustainability initiatives as identified by companies in Kerala in design and implementation of their CSR initiatives. The study relied on structural equation modelling based on partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) using data collected from 91 executives, who are directly involved in CSR planning and implementation. The first order constructs as mentioned as drivers of CSR were modelled with five measured variables each and the second order construct namely effectiveness of CSR was evaluated using standardised construct scores of the first-order constructs as indicators. The results of analysis revealed that overall model fit was adequate, and all the drivers of CSR showed a high coefficient of determination of more than 0.43 except the employee interests which showed an R-squared of only 0.32. The dependent variable namely sustainability where all the other 6 drivers converge showed an R-square of 0.70. |
| Keywords: | CSR drivers, Sustainability, PLS-Path Modelling, CSR effectiveness |
| JEL: | M14 |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109042&r= |
| By: | David Newbery (Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | renewables support schemes, distortions, auctions, yardstick contracts |
| JEL: | D44 D62 D86 H23 H25 L94 Q28 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2107&r= |
| By: | Mathilde Fajardy (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge); David Reiner (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | heating, cooling, electrification, decarbonisation, peak load management, demand response |
| JEL: | L95 O13 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:epgr2037&r= |