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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒09‒21
ninety-six papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Jie Yang (University of Toyama); Yijing Huang (Peking University) |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the impact of the 2009/2010 drought in southwestern China on economic activities and CO2 emissions. We focus on the economic outcomes of the power and energyintensive sectors to investigate the substitution between hydropower and thermal power during this extreme drought. Panel data for 97,387 firms from 2006 to 2013 are used to examine the responses of firms to this extreme climatic event. We find that severe drought reduces hydropower generation, as well as the economic outputs of energy-intensive sectors, while it increases the power generated by coal-fired power plants. As a result, the net emissions of carbon dioxide between 2009 and 2013 increased by 443,425 tons. The findings suggest that climate disasters may increase carbon emissions, thereby posing a threat to further climate change. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koe:wpaper:2015&r=all |
| By: | Buccella, Domenico; Fanti, Luciano; Gori, Luca |
| Abstract: | This research analyses the firms’ strategic choice of adopting an abatement technology in an environment with pollution externalities when the government levies an emission tax to incentivise firms undertaking emission-reducing actions. A set of different Nash equilibria – ranging from dirty to green production – arises in both quantity-setting (Cournot) and price-setting (Bertrand) duopolies depending on the societal awareness towards environmental quality and the relative importance of technological progress in abatement adopted by firms. A synthesis of the main results is the following: if the awareness of the society towards a clean environment is relatively low (resp. high) and the index measuring the relative cost of abatement is relatively high (resp. low), the strategic interaction between two independent, competing and selfish (profit maximising) firms playing the abatement game leads to not to abate [NA] (resp. to abate [A]) as the Pareto efficient outcome: no conflict exists between self-interest and mutual benefit to do not undertake (resp. to undertake) emission-reducing actions. Multiple Nash equilibria or a “green” prisoner’s dilemma may also emerge in pure strategies. When the choice of adopting a green technology is a deadlock (anti-prisoner’s dilemma), the society is better off as social welfare under A is always larger than under NA because pollution and environmental damage are higher in the latter scenario. These findings suggest that living in a sustainable environment challenges the development of clean technologies through ad hoc R&D and the improvement of public education to achieve an eco-responsible attitude. |
| Keywords: | “Green” production,Abatement,Emissions tax,Cournot and Bertrand duopolies |
| JEL: | H23 L1 M5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:636&r=all |
| By: | Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph |
| Abstract: | The allure for businesses to jettison short-term costly processes, regulatory demands and green business practices (GBPs) in the turbulent times of COVID-19 remains sky high. Although GBPs and eco-friendly policies deliver results in the long term in terms of market competitiveness (MC), in many industries firms have sought to jettison well-rooted practices in the face of the existential threats stemming from COVID-19. In this paper, we examine the new contemporary challenges of adopting and implementing environmental sustainability policies in the global airline industry in the wake of COVID-19. The analysis sheds light on firms’ level sustainability initiatives such as upgrading to environmentally friendly aircraft and offsetting emission footprint, and institutional initiatives such as the European Union Emissions Trading System and the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for Aviation. Our analysis demonstrates that some airlines and industrial bodies sought to sidestep environmentally friendly commitments and practices to overcome new challenges such as cost pressures, survival threat and deprioritising environmental sustainability initiatives. We establish and examine the implications of the analysis. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability practices; COVID-19; airline industry; environmental sustainability policies; eco-friendly policies; business development. |
| JEL: | L1 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:101491&r=all |
| By: | Christoph Hambel; Holger Kraft; Rick van der Ploeg |
| Abstract: | Asset pricing and climate policy are analyzed in a global economy where consumption goods are produced by both a green and a carbon-intensive sector. We allow for endogenous growth and three types of damages from global warming. It is shown that, initially, the desire to diversify assets complements the attempt to mitigate economic damages from climate change. In the longer run, however, a trade-off between diversification and climate action emerges. We derive the optimal carbon price, the equilibrium risk-free rate, and risk premia. Climate disasters, which are more likely to occur sooner as temperature rises, significantly increase risk premia. |
| Keywords: | decarbonisation, diversification, carbon price, asset prices, green assets, disaster risk |
| JEL: | D81 G01 G12 Q50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8476&r=all |
| By: | Zhiyang SHEN (Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China); Michael VARDANYAN (IESEG School of Management, Lille, France); Tomas BALEZENTIS (Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics, Vilnius, Lithuania); Jianlin WANG (Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China) |
| Abstract: | The so-called by-production approach, introduced by Murty and Russell (2002) and Murty et al. (2012), has provided researchers with an improved methodology for approximating polluting production technologies. However, since the original by-production model does not impose any relationship between its economic and environmental sub-technologies, it is not capable of addressing the potential tradeoff between the economic and environmental performance. Although this link has been recently proposed in the extensions to the original by-production approach, the tradeoff framework remains ambiguous with respect to the weights to be assigned to the economic and environmental sub-objectives. This paper proposes a novel approach for estimating the green productivity growth in the Chinese manufacturing sector based on the scenario analysis simulating policy preferences. Our model allows us to measure the tradeoff between faster economic growth and better environmental protection, providing policy-makers with insights on how to steer the Chinese industry towards a more environmentally friendly development path in the future. |
| Keywords: | : Tradeoff analysis; By-production technology; Carbon emissions; Green productivity; Chinese manufacturing. |
| JEL: | O47 Q5 O2 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ies:wpaper:e202005&r=all |
| By: | Francesca Diluiso; Barbara Annicchiarico; Matthias Kalkuhl; Jan C. Minx |
| Abstract: | Limiting global warming to well below 20C may result in the stranding of carbon-sensitive assets. This could pose substantial threats to financial and macroeconomic stability. We use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions and climate policy to study the risks a low-carbon transition poses to financial stability and the different instruments central banks could use to manage these risks. We show that, even for very ambitious climate targets, transition risks are limited for a credible, exponentially growing carbon price, although temporary “green paradoxes” phenomena may materialize. Financial regulation encouraging the decarbonization of the banks’ balance sheets via tax-subsidy schemes significantly reduces output losses and inflationary pressures but it may enhance financial fragility, making this approach a risky tool. A green credit policy as a response to a financial crisis originated in the fossil sector can potentially provide an effective stimulus without compromising the objective of price stability. Our results suggest that the involvement of central banks in climate actions must be carefully designed in compliance with their mandate to avoid unintended consequences. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, financial instability, financial regulation, green credit policy, monetary policy, transition risk |
| JEL: | E50 H23 Q43 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8486&r=all |
| By: | Gretszel, Piotr; Gurgul, Henryk; Lach, Łukasz; Schleicher, Stefan |
| Abstract: | The COVID 19 pandemic has had a great impact on the European Union economies in many aspects, also with regard to the discussion on the future of EU climate policy. The plan to rebuild and support the European Union's economy, which is currently under discussion at European governments summits, seems to place less emphasis on environmental issues as the main focus is being placed on a quick recovery of EU economy in the realms of global competition. One of the issues discussed in the EU's recovery plan following the COVID19 epidemic is the continued operation of the EU ETS. In this context, empirical research devoted to a thorough analysis of the impact of the EU emissions trading program is of particular importance. At the same time, current economic literature lacks any econometric analyzes devoted to the issues in question that would use detailed and reliable databases on EU ETS like the one provided by the Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change. The aim of this paper is to make a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the EU ETS in terms of reducing the actual emissions to the air while preserving economic growth of EU member states. The extensive empirical analysis is focused on examining the issues in question for different phases of the EU ETS and various groups of EU economies that vary in terms of economic development and the overall air pollutant emission. |
| Keywords: | EU ETS, GMM, panel data |
| JEL: | C33 Q43 Q5 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102396&r=all |
| By: | Bård Harstad; Francesco Lancia; Alessia Russo |
| Abstract: | We characterize the optimal policy and policy instruments for self-enforcing treaties when countries invest in green technology before they pollute. If the discount factor is too small to support the first best, then both emissions and investments will be larger than in the first best, when technology is expensive. When technology is inexpensive, countries must instead limit or tax green investment in order to make future punishment credible. We also uncover a novel advantage of price regulation over quantity regulation, namely that when regulation is sufficiently flexible to permit firms to react to non-compliance in another country, the temptation to defect is reduced. The model is tractable and allows for multiple extensions. |
| Keywords: | climate change, environmental agreements, green technology, policy instruments, repeated games, compliance, self-enforcing treaties |
| JEL: | D86 F53 H87 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8460&r=all |
| By: | Calel, Raphael |
| Abstract: | One important motivation for creating cap-and-trade programs for carbon emissions is the expectation that they will stimulate much-needed low-carbon innovation. I construct a new panel of British firms to investigate this hypothesis, finding that the European carbon market has encouraged greater low-carbon patenting and R&D spending among regulated firms without necessarily driving short-term reductions in carbon intensity of output. This stands in contrast to past cap-and-trade programs, which have primarily spurred adoption of existing pollution control technologies, with little effect on innovation. I discuss how to reconcile these contrasting findings and implications for the future of carbon markets. |
| JEL: | D21 O32 O34 Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–08–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:106257&r=all |
| By: | Bello, Omar; Bustamante, Alejandro; Pizarro, Paulina |
| Abstract: | Un desastre puede suponer retrocesos en los avances económicos y sociales logrados por los países a lo largo de las décadas, y sus efectos pueden verse exacerbados en el caso de los grupos más vulnerables. La gravedad del impacto dependerá de la capacidad de los países para detectar y superar sus vulnerabilidades. Este documento, especialmente dirigido a los encargados de la formulación de políticas, pone de manifiesto cómo, a través de la planificación para el desarrollo, pueden sentarse las bases para un abordaje integral, transitando de la gestión de los desastres a la gestión del riesgo de desastres. Para ello, se propone adoptar enfoques basados en sistemas, en concordancia con lo que establecen los marcos mundiales de desarrollo, así como mejorar la comprensión de la naturaleza de los riesgos mediante el impulso de nuevas líneas de investigación, metodologías y oportunidades para la planificación antes, durante y después de un desastre. |
| Keywords: | AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESASTRES NATURALES, PREVENCION DE DESASTRES, GESTION DE LOS RIESGOS, PREPARACION PARA CASOS DE DESASTRES, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, PLANIFICACION DEL DESARROLLO, COVID-19, VIRUS, EPIDEMIAS, SISTEMAS DE INFORMACION, DATOS ESTADISTICOS, ACCESO A LA INFORMACION, ESTADISTICAS AMBIENTALES, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, NATURAL DISASTERS, RISK MANAGEMENT, DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, COVID-19, VIRUSES, EPIDEMICS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, STATISTICAL DATA, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS, DISASTER PREVENTION |
| Date: | 2020–09–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:46001&r=all |
| By: | Fu, Shihe; Viard, Brian; Zhang, Peng |
| Abstract: | The economic costs of trans-boundary pollution spillovers versus local effects is a necessary input in evaluating centralized versus decentralized environmental policies. Directly estimating these for air pollution is difficult because spillovers are high-frequency and vary with distance while economic outcomes are usually measured with low-frequency and local pollution is endogenous. We develop an approach to quantify local versus spillover effects as a flexible function of distance utilizing commonly-available pollution and weather data. To correct for the endogeneity of pollution, it uses a mixed two-stage least squares method that accommodates high-frequency (daily) pollution data and low-frequency (annual) outcome data. This avoids using annual pollution data which generally yields inefficient estimates. We apply the approach to estimate spillovers of particulate matter smaller than 10 micrograms (PM10) on manufacturing labor productivity in China. A one μg/m3 annual increase in PM10 locally reduces the average firm’s annual output by CNY 45,809 while the same increase in a city 50 kilometers away decreases it by CNY 16,248. The spillovers decline quickly to CNY 2,847 at 600 kilometers and then slowly to zero at about 1,000 kilometers. The results suggest the need for supra-provincial environmental policies or Coasian prices quantified under the approach. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution; spillovers; environmental costs and benefits, mixed two-stage least squares; regional coordination |
| JEL: | D62 Q51 Q53 R11 |
| Date: | 2019–08–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102438&r=all |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | La evaluación de impacto ambiental es un instrumento de política pública cuyo objetivo es proporcionar información y análisis para mejorar las decisiones que se deben tomar en términos prospectivos, de modo de contribuir a anticipar el impacto futuro de las decisiones presentes, perfeccionar las decisiones públicas y favorecer una adecuada rendición de cuentas. En todos los países de la región iberoamericana existen marcos legales para evaluar los efectos ambientales de determinados proyectos; sin embargo, estos no contemplan explícitamente un enfoque de derechos humanos. El presente documento brinda una serie de recomendaciones para incorporar de forma adecuada el enfoque de derechos humanos en la evaluación de impacto ambiental de proyectos mineros, con miras a fortalecer este instrumento preventivo a la luz de los recientes avances internacionales y regionales y de la creciente conflictividad socioambiental. |
| Keywords: | INDUSTRIA MINERA, MEDIO AMBIENTE, EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, MINERIA, ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES, DERECHOS HUMANOS, MINING INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MINING, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, HUMAN RIGHTS |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:45933&r=all |
| By: | Alexis Carlier (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nicolas Treich (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Research in economics is anthropocentric. It only cares about the welfare of humans, and usually does not concern itself with animals. When it does, animals are treated as resources, biodiversity, or food. That is, animals only have instrumental value for humans. Yet unlike water, trees or vegetables, and like humans, most animals have a brain and a nervous system. They can feel pain and pleasure, and many argue that their welfare should matter. Some economic studies value animal welfare, but only indirectly through humans' altruistic valuation. This overall position of economics is inconsistent with the utilitarian tradition and can be qualified as speciesist. We suggest that economics should directly value the welfare of sentient animals, at least sometimes. We briefly discuss some possible implications and challenges for (environmental) economics. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02929260&r=all |
| By: | Amigues, Jean-Pierre; Lafforgue, Gilles; Chakravorty, Ujjayant; Moreaux, Michel |
| Abstract: | In order to encourage substitution of fossil fuels by cleaner renewables, regulatory agencies have generally chosen between two types of renewable energy standards. They have either mandated a minimum volume of renewable energy as in the case of ethanol in transport fuels, and for electricity in Texas and Iowa. Or they have specified a minimum blend (share) of renewables in the energy supply mix as in California, Michigan and many other states. This paper uses a simple model to compare the dynamic effects of these two policies. We show that a volume mandate leads to a lower energy price, induces a greater subsidy on clean energy and a smaller fossil fuel tax than the blend mandate. The volume mandate also leads to larger cumulative renewable energy use over the time horizon. We illustrate the model with plausible parameter values and show that the two energy mandates lead to large differences in fossil fuel taxes and clean energy subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy mandates; Fossil fuels; Energy transition; Subsidies; Carbon tax |
| JEL: | Q42 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:124615&r=all |
| By: | Amador-Jiménez, Mónica; Millner, Naomi; Palmer, Charles; Pennington, R. Toby; Sileci, Lorenzo |
| Abstract: | The covid-19 pandemic led to rapid and large-scale government intervention in economies and societies. A common policy response to covid-19 outbreaks has been the lockdown or quarantine. Designed to slow the spread of the disease, lockdowns have unintended consequences for the environment. This article examines the impact of Colombia’s lockdown on forest fires, motivated by satellite data showing a particularly large upsurge of fires at around the time of lockdown implementation. We find that Colombia’s lockdown is associated with an increase in forest fires compared to three different counterfactuals, constructed to simulate the expected number of fires in the absence of the lockdown. To varying degrees across Colombia’s regions, the presence of armed groups is correlated with this fire upsurge. Mechanisms through which the lockdown might influence fire rates are discussed, including the mobilisation of armed groups and the reduction in the monitoring capacity of state and conservation organisations during the covid-19 outbreak. Given the fast-developing situation in Colombia, we conclude with some ideas for further research. |
| Keywords: | Covid-19; armed groups; Colombia; deforestation; forest fires; lockdown; coronavirus |
| JEL: | Q23 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:105586&r=all |
| By: | Yicong Lin; Hanno Reuvers |
| Abstract: | The Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) predicts an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. Current analyses frequently employ models which restrict the nonlinearities in the data to be explained by the economic growth variable only. We propose a Generalized Cointegrating Polynomial Regression (GCPR) with flexible time trends to proxy time effects such as technological progress and/or environmental awareness. More specifically, a GCPR includes flexible powers of deterministic trends and integer powers of stochastic trends. We estimate the GCPR by nonlinear least squares and derive its asymptotic distribution. Endogeneity of the regressors can introduce nuisance parameters into this limiting distribution but a simulated approach nevertheless enables us to conduct valid inference. Moreover, a subsampling KPSS test can be used to check the stationarity of the errors. A comprehensive simulation study shows good performance of the simulated inference approach and the subsampling KPSS test. We illustrate the GCPR approach on a dataset of 18 industrialised countries containing GDP and CO2 emissions. We conclude that: (1) the evidence for an EKC is significantly reduced when a nonlinear time trend is included, and (2) a linear cointegrating relation between GDP and CO2 around a power law trend also provides an accurate description of the data. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2009.02262&r=all |
| By: | Ward-Paige, CA; White, Easton R; Madin, EMP; Bailes, LK; Bateman, RL; Belonje, E; Burns, KV; Cullain, N; de Waegh, R S; Eger, Aaron Matthius |
| Abstract: | The human response to the COVID-19 pandemic set in motion an unprecedented shift in human activity with unknown long-term effects. The impacts in marine systems are expected to be highly dynamic at local and global scales. However, in comparison to terrestrial ecosystems, we are not well-prepared to document these changes in marine and coastal environments. The problems are two-fold: 1) manual and siloed data collection and processing, and 2) reliance on marine professionals for observation and analysis. These problems are relevant beyond the pandemic and are a barrier to understanding rapidly evolving blue economies, the impacts of climate change, and the many other changes our modern-day oceans are undergoing. The “Our Ocean in COVID-19” project, which aims to track human-ocean interactions throughout the pandemic, uses the new eOceans platform (eOceans.co) to overcome these barriers. Working at local scales, a global network of ocean scientists and citizen scientists are collaborating to monitor the ocean in near real-time. The purpose of this paper is to bring this project to the attention of the marine conservation community and researchers wanting to track changes in their area. As our team continues to grow, this project will provide important baselines and temporal patterns for ocean conservation, policy, and innovation as society transitions towards a new normal. It may also provide a proof-of-concept for real-time, collaborative ocean monitoring that breaks down silos between academia, government, and at-sea stakeholders to create a stronger and more democratic blue economy with communities more resilient to ocean and global change. |
| Date: | 2020–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sxnu5&r=all |
| By: | Ingo E. Isphording; Nico Pestel |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Germany. We combine data on county-by-day level on confirmed cases and deaths with information on local air quality and weather conditions and exploit short-term variation in the concentration of particulate matter (PM10) and ozone (O3). We apply fixed effects regressions controlling for global time-varying confounding factors and regional time-invariant confounding factors on the county level, as well as potentially confounding weather conditions and the regional stage of the pandemic. We find significant positive effects of PM10 concentration after the onset of the illness on COVID-19 deaths specifically for elderly patients (80+ years): higher levels of air pollution by one standard deviation 3 to 12 days after developing symptoms increase deaths by 30 percent (males) and 35 percent (females) of the mean. In addition, air pollution raises the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19. The timing of results supports mechanisms of air pollution affecting the severity of already realized infections. Air pollution appears not to affect the probability of infection itself. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, health, air pollution, Germany |
| JEL: | I12 I18 Q53 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8495&r=all |
| By: | Cenacchi, Nicola; Brooks, Karen; Dunston, Shahnila; Wiebe, Keith D.; Arndt, Channing; Hartley, Faaiqa; Robertson, Richard D. |
| Abstract: | According to the United Nations, the world’s population will grow by 2 billion people over the coming decades to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (UNDESA-DP 2019a). The dignity and life prospects of those additional 2 billion people will depend on their ability to meet basic needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter, and their access to adequate employment. The most pressing need for jobs will be felt in those regions and countries that have not yet gone through the demographic transition, and where the cohort of young people is growing rapidly. The challenge will be compounded by an increasingly crowded, more competitive world with fewer natural resources per capita, and by the threat of climate change, which is projected to affect every sector of the economy (Arent 2014). |
| Keywords: | AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; CENTRAL AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; NORTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA; WORLD; employment; climate change; rural areas; youth; agriculture; developing countries; youth employment; rural youth; work force; jobs; labor force |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:issbrf:august2020&r=all |
| By: | Dessouky, Maged |
| Abstract: | International trade continues to grow, increasing container traffic at seaports worldwide. The Port of Los Angeles saw a 20% increase in throughput from 2010-2018. Typically, loaded containers arriving at the ports are transported by truck to inland importers, emptied, and then returned to the port. The empty containers are then driven to inland exporters to be loaded and returned to the port for shipping. This lack of direct container exchange between importers and exporters, known as the empty container reuse problem, adds many truck trips to Southern California highways and adds significant expenses for shipping companies. Trucks transporting empty containers contribute to traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, and local air pollution. Moving empty containers more efficiently could significantly reduce truck trips and the associated congestion and pollution. Researchers at the University of Southern California developed an optimization-based vehicle scheduling model that allows for a “street exchange” in which empty containers can go directly from importers to exporters without returning to the port. The model satisfies the current day’s known, or deterministic, demand while also accounting for the next day’s unpredictable, or stochastic, demand. The model is solved iteratively each day using this two-day time horizon to provide a routing plan for the current day’s demand. The model was tested using container demand data from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach as well as randomly generated data sets. This research brief summarizes findings from that project. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Business, Engineering, Containers, Demand, Empty car miles, Freight handling, Mathematical models, Routing, Scheduling, Stochastic processes, Traffic assignment, Trucks |
| Date: | 2020–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9431s985&r=all |
| By: | Saavedra, S |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated responses by governments have halted economic activity abruptly across the world. The environment has benefited with reductions in pollution in urban areas, but what has happened in rural areas to deforestation has not been studied yet. A priori the effect is unclear: deforestation might decrease with the restrictions on economic activity. But it might have increased given the reductions in monitoring. I combine bi-weekly data from 70 countries covering the entire world’s tropical forest with the dates each country started lockdown restrictions. Using difference-in-differences I find that, although deforestation is higher in 2020 compared to 2019, it is not driven by the lockdowns but rather by higher deforestation that precedes them. There is heterogeneity by the level of government effectiveness of the country: countries with effective governance experience a reduction in deforestation, probably because they can enforce the lockdown restrictions |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, Deforestation |
| JEL: | Q23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000092:018300&r=all |
| By: | Bobylev, Sergey; Grigoryev, Leonid |
| Abstract: | The global COVID-19 pandemic and an unexpected recession of a dangerous magnitude have provided strong reasons to look at the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from three points of view: the SDGs as a victim of the recession 2020; the SDGs as an opportunity for better coordination on the way out of recession; and the SDGs as an object of modernization for better adaptation to the realities on “the global ground”. The BRICS countries are, naturally, the primary group of interest for developing and implementing the SDGs on the global scale as a way of catching up. “Pandemic protocol” and additional indicators are proposed as an urgent update to several SDGs. |
| Keywords: | BRICS, health care, inequality, low carbon, pandemic, recession, SDG |
| JEL: | F01 F44 F63 F64 O15 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102424&r=all |
| By: | Zheng, Zhonghua; Zhao, Lei (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Oleson, Keith W. |
| Abstract: | Urban heat waves (UHWs) are strongly associated with socioeconomic impacts. Reliable projections of these extremes are pressingly needed for local actions in the context of extreme event preparedness and mitigation. Such information, however, is not available because current multi-model projections largely lack a representation of urban areas. Here, we use a newly-developed urban climate emulator framework in combination with global climate simulations to show that, at the urban scale a large proportion of the uncertainty results from choices of model parameter and structural design in projecting UHWs in the next several decades under climate change. Omission of the model parameter and structural uncertainty would considerably underestimate the risk of UHWs. Results show that, for cities in the four high-stake regions, the Great Lakes region of North America, Southern Europe, Central India, and North China, a virtually unlikely (0.1% probability) UHW event is estimated by our model with probabilities of 13.91%, 5.49%, 2.78%, and 13.39% respectively in 2061–2070 under a high-emission scenario. Our findings highlight that for urban-scale extremes, decision-makers and stakeholders have to account for the multi-model uncertainties if decisions are informed based on climate simulations. |
| Date: | 2020–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:eartha:f5pwa&r=all |
| By: | Jonas Van der Slycken; Brent Bleys (-) |
| Abstract: | Scholars have long had difficulties when dealing with cross-time and cross-boundary issues in the ISEW and GPI. To date there are, for instance, different views on how to account for impacts of climate change that are shifted in time and space. This paper addresses the complexity involved by calculating two types of welfare measures with distinct time and boundary views for Belgium. Experiential welfare looks at what is currently experienced within domestic borders, whereas the benefits and costs of present activities also include the impacts that are shifted in time and space. The former only registers present ecological costs within borders and does not include capital changes, while the latter includes capital changes and ecological cost-shifting. Both welfare indicators improved from 1995 to 2018. Yet, social costs and ecological cost-shifting increased while aggregate welfare improved. Therefore, we suggest to account for ecological cost-shifting, but also to look beyond the aggregate welfare level and adopt a disaggregated and dashboard-like approach to evaluate economic performance in detail and to successfully debunk GDP and its growth. In future studies, a careful reflection on welfare measures’ design and use is needed in order to stimulate their policy-guiding and transformative potential. |
| Keywords: | Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), cost-shifting, Fisherian income, Hicksian income, beyond GDP |
| JEL: | J64 J08 J23 J24 J68 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rug:rugwps:20/1003&r=all |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice A; Odhiambo, Nicholas M |
| Abstract: | This study assesses how globalisation modulates the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), using data for the period 2000 to 2012. The empirical results are based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following main findings are established. First, a trade openness (imports + exports) threshold of between 80-120% of GDP is the maximum level required for trade openness to effectively modulate CO2 emissions (metric tonnes per capita) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development. Second, a minimum threshold required for trade openness to modulate CO2 intensity (kg per kg of oil-equivalent energy use) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development is 200% of GDP. Third, there is a net positive effect on inclusive human development from the relevance of trade openness in modulating the effect of CO2 emissions per capita on inclusive human development and a negative net effect on inclusive human development from the importance of trade openness in moderating the effect of CO2 intensity on inclusive human development. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uza:wpaper:26636&r=all |
| By: | Basu, Rahul; Pegg, Scott |
| Abstract: | Many countries badly mismanage their natural resource endowments. We argue that a fundamental change in paradigm is needed. Specifically, we advocate treating non-renewable natural resources as a finite shared inheritance asset, and extraction as the sale of the inherited wealth. We identify several proposals that logically derive from treating natural resource proceeds as sales of a finite intergenerational inheritance rather than as revenues that can be spent. Such proposals suggest that mineral owners must strive for zero-loss when selling minerals, establish a passively invested future generations fund from the proceeds and distribute dividends from that fund to citizens as the rightful owners of the shared inheritance. The current dominant metaphor of proceeds from the exploitation of non-renewable mineral resources as being “windfall revenues” is underpinned by government accounting standards. The “windfall revenue” metaphor is not only inaccurate but also produces several pernicious effects that help explain the poor management of natural resource endowments in so many countries. We do not anticipate that our ideas will quickly overturn decades of established practice. We do, however, believe that the case needs to be made. |
| Keywords: | resource curse; government accounting standards; inter-generational equity; public sector net worth; shared inheritance |
| JEL: | B52 E2 E62 G02 G1 H2 H3 H4 H54 H6 H82 K0 Q3 Z1 |
| Date: | 2020–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102270&r=all |
| By: | Wu, Qianyan; Bi, Xiang; Landry, Craig |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304278&r=all |
| By: | Abdullahi Shagali, Aminu; Sani Ibrahim, Saifullahi; Mukhtar, Shuaibu |
| Abstract: | The concept of ‘sustainable rural livelihoods’ is increasingly central to the debate about rural development, poverty reduction and environmental management. A livelihood is sustainable if it enables a household to cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance assets and capabilities, and provide extended opportunities for the next generation; and contributes net benefits to other livelihoods at the local and global levels both in the short and long term. This study aims to survey literature dealing with contemporary issues on sustainable rural development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The paper argues for a holistic measure aimed at curbing the social inequalities, demographic transition, and environmental problems so as to achieve sustainable development goals. |
| Keywords: | Rural development, poverty, resource-driven conflicts |
| JEL: | O12 |
| Date: | 2020–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:101443&r=all |
| By: | De Figueiredo Silva, Felipe; Fulginiti, Lilyan E.; Perrin, Richard K. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304529&r=all |
| By: | Soma, Chakrabarti |
| Abstract: | In 2030, young people will make up around 15 per cent of the world’s population, and rural youth about 6 per cent. Some regions are even expected to see a “youth bulge” or a significantly higher proportion of young people. However, the proportion of young people in rural areas is set to decrease compared with their counterparts in urban areas. This means that agriculture, already under threat from natural resource degradation, decreasing agrobiodiversity and climate change, is also at risk of missing out on the energy and innovation of young people. IFAD has long recognized the importance of engaging with and investing in youth. In the last ten years, IFAD has actively scaled up its investments in youth-related activities. It approved 50 projects with youth-related initiatives from 2008 to 2012. The projects predominantly targeted youth in West and Central Africa (WCA), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and the Near East, North Africa and Europe (NEN). The majority of these projects targeted the human, social and/or financial capital of rural youth. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304755&r=all |
| By: | Zhao, Xin; Taheripour, Farzad; Malina, Robert; Tyner, Wallace E. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304186&r=all |
| By: | Daigneault, Adam J.; Baker, Justin S.; Favero, Alice |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304585&r=all |
| By: | Gibson, Matthew (Williams College); Mullins, Jamie (University of Massachusetts Amherst) |
| Abstract: | Applying a difference-in-differences framework to a census of residential property transactions in New York City 2003-2017, we estimate the price effects of three flood risk signals: 1) the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act, which increased premiums; 2) Hurricane Sandy; and 3) new floodplain maps reflecting three decades of climate change. Estimates are negative for all three signals and some are large: properties included in the new floodplain after escaping flooding by Sandy experienced 11 percent price reductions. We investigate possible mechanisms, including selection of properties into the market and residential sorting. Finding no evidence for these, we develop a parsimonious theoretical model that allows decomposition of our reduced-form estimates into the effects of insurance premium changes and belief updating. Results suggest the new maps induced belief changes comparable to those from insurance reform. |
| Keywords: | beliefs, updating, climate change, flood risk |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 R30 G22 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13553&r=all |
| By: | Fabien Martinez (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie); Ken Peattie; Diego Vazquez‐brust; Diego Vazquez-Brust |
| Abstract: | This article explores the concept of syncretism to articulate the construct of a novel theoretical approach that may help to accelerate progress in developing substantively more sustainable business activities. One reason why the integration of environmental and social responsibility in business has been so difficult to achieve in practice is that it is not just a battle of competing business logics but a battle of faiths. The concept of syncretism, with its roots in religious synthesis, may be far more relevant and useful than conventional approaches to combining the two, which rarely seem to rise above a "win–win" appeal to logic. The connectionist logic of syncretism may show us a way beyond paradigmatic conformity in business sustainability research so that scholars with diverse theoretical backgrounds might have a common ground for discussion, find constructive connections, and engage in potentially more insightful and creative interactions to develop our understanding of corporate sustainability. |
| Keywords: | win-win,business sustainability,paradigmatic change,syncretism |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02887685&r=all |
| By: | Downar, Benedikt; Ernstberger, Jürgen; Reichelstein, Stefan; Schwenen, Sebastian; Zaklan, Aleksandar |
| Abstract: | We examine whether a disclosure mandate for greenhouse gas emissions creates stakeholder pressure for firms to subsequently reduce their emissions. For UK-incorporated listed firms such a mandate was adopted in 2013. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that firms affected by the mandate reduced their emissions - depending on the specification - by an incremental 14-18% relative to a control group. This reduction was accompanied by an average 9% increase in production costs. At the same time, the treated firms were able to increase their sales by an almost compensating amount. Taken together, our findings provide no indication that the disclosure requirement led to a significant deterioration in the financial operating performance of the treated firms, despite the significant carbon footprint reduction following the disclosure mandate. |
| Keywords: | disclosureof non-financial information,mandatory disclosure,greenhouse gas emissions,real effects |
| JEL: | Q28 Q40 M41 M48 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:20038&r=all |
| By: | Emmanuelle Augeraud-Véron; Giorgio Fabbri; Katheline Schubert |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a first model integrating the relation between biodiversity loss and zoonose pandemic risks in a general equilibrium dynamic economic set-up. The occurrence of pandemics is modeled as Poissonian leaps in economic variables. The planner can intervene in the economic and epidemiological dynamics in two ways: first (prevention), by deciding to preserve a greater quantity of biodiversity, thus decreasing the probability of a pandemic occurring, and second (mitigation), by reducing the death toll through a confinement policy. The class of social welfare functional considered has, as polar cases, a total utilitarian and an average utilitarian specifications. It implicitly considers, at the same time, the effects of policies on mortality and on the productive capacity of the country. Thanks to the Epstein-Zin specification of preferences, we disantangle risk aversion and fluctuation aversion. The model is explicitly solved and the optimal policy completely described. The qualitative dependence of the optimal policy on natural, productivity and preference parameters is discussed. In particular the optimal lockdown is shown to be more severe in societies valuing more human life, and the optimal biodiversity conservation is shown to be more relevant for more “forward looking” societies, with a small discount rate and a high degree of altruism towards individuals of future generations. We also show that societies accepting a large welfare loss to mitigate the pandemics are also societies doing a lot of prevention. After calibrating the model with COVID-19 pandemic data we compare the miti-gation efforts predicted by the model with those of the recent literature and we study the optimal prevention-mitigation policy mix. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity, COVID-19, prevention, mitigation, epidemics, Poisson processes, recursive preferences |
| JEL: | Q56 Q57 Q58 O13 C61 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8506&r=all |
| By: | Kustanto, Andi |
| Abstract: | Population growth and the construction of settlements and industrial estates continue to increase at an unprecedented rate that has created gains and losses on environmental quality. The trend of population growth shows a declining trend but is not directly proportional to the fluctuating water quality index over the past ten years. The study uses secondary data with the quantitative approach using the panel data Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with Generalized Least Squares (GLS) to examine socioeconomic indicators in 34 provinces on water quality in Indonesia. Through analysis in this study shows that explanatory variables of the number of population and population density have a negative and significant effect on water quality in Indonesia of 4.69 and 1.95—ceteris paribus. The control variables of the number of establishments of micro and small scale manufacturing industry, and a group of workers, GRDP per capita, and realization of foreign direct investment show negative and significant results on water quality in Indonesia. It indicates that environmental management in Indonesia experiences a higher pressure from the utilization of ecological resources compared to efforts to improve the environment itself. Whereas household control variables of households and improve sanitation, the volume of water distributed by water supply establishment and the squared of GRDP per capita show positive and significant results on water quality in Indonesia, which shows that this is evidence of the government's success in managing the environment better. |
| Date: | 2020–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hs8y3&r=all |
| By: | Loduca, Natalie R; Haqiqi, Iman; Liu, Jing; Reeling, Carson |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304319&r=all |
| By: | Boucekkine, R.; Fabbri, G.; Federico, S.; Gozzi, F. |
| Abstract: | We study the joint determination of optimal investment and optimal depollution in a spatiotemporal framework where pollution is transboundary. Pollution is controlled at a global level. The regulator internalizes that: (i) production generates pollution, which is bad for the wellbeing of population, and that (ii) pollution flows across space driven by a diffusion process. We solve analytically for the optimal investment and depollution spatiotemporal paths and characterize the optimal long-term spatial distribution when relevant. We finally explore numerically the variety of optimal spatial distributions obtained using a core/periphery model where the core differs from the periphery either in terms of input productivity, depollution efficiency, environmental awareness or self-cleaning capacity of nature. We also compare the distributions with and without diffusion. Key aspects in the optimal policy of the regulator are the role of aversion to inequality, notably leading to smoothing consumption across locations, and the control of diffusive pollution adding another smoothing engine. |
| Keywords: | DECISION ANALISIS;POLLUTION CONTROL;GEOGRAPHY;TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION;INFINITE DIMENSIONAL OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS |
| JEL: | Q53 R12 E60 C61 Q52 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gbl:wpaper:2020-08&r=all |
| By: | Yeh, D. Adeline; Gomez, Miguel I.; Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304326&r=all |
| By: | Jung, Hyojae; Chung, Chanjin; Boyer, Tracy A. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304590&r=all |
| By: | Hu, Yuanhong |
| Abstract: | Based on the combined data of China Patent Database, China Industrial Firm Database and China Customs Trade Database from 2004-2010, this paper investigates the impact of heterogeneous environment regulation on the export technological sophistication of manufacturing enterprises. The results show that: the impact of control-type environmental regulation on enterprises' export technological sophistication is U-shaped, and has negative effect on mixed trade enterprises, eastern enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. The impact of incentive-type environmental regulation on the enterprises' export technological sophistication is inverted Ushaped, and has positive effect on processing trade enterprises, mixed trade enterprises, domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. The impact of participative-type environmental regulation on the enterprises' export technological sophistication has an inverted U-shaped characteristic and has a positive effect on all kinds of trade pattern and ownership of enterprises. The result of mechanism analysis shows that control and participative environmental regulation affect enterprises' export technological sophistication through fundamental innovation and practical innovation, while incentive environmental regulation also affects enterprises' export technological sophistication through design innovation. Considering environmental governance issues has clear policy implications for enhancing the R&D innovation of the whole industrial chain and improving the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing enterprises. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Regulation,R&D Innovation,Export Technological Sophistication,DVA,Manufacturing |
| JEL: | F14 O44 F18 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:222983&r=all |
| By: | Cheng, Nieyan; Zhang, Wendong; Xiong, Tao |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304266&r=all |
| By: | Soma, Chakrabarti; Dhanush, Dinesh |
| Abstract: | Climate change and malnutrition are among the greatest problems in the twentyfirst century; they are “wicked problems”, difficult to describe, with multiple causes, and no single solution. The impacts of climate change have become evident in crop, livestock and fisheries systems, threatening all aspects of food security, including access, utilization and price stability (Porter et al., 2014). On the other hand, malnutrition, including undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, is having devastating impacts on global health and economy. In this report, we examine how investments in climate-resilient agriculture can be leveraged not only to deliver benefits to secure food security under a changing climate, but also to contribute to efforts to eradicate malnutrition. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304748&r=all |
| By: | Khanal, Badri; Schoengold, Karina; Mieno, Taro; Schulte Moore, Lisa |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304418&r=all |
| By: | Kassim, Fatima; Isik, Abdurrahman |
| Abstract: | Economies around the world are on the move to ensure sustainable economic development and a clean atmosphere through the use of renewable energy sources. The importance of energy to all human aspects has been spiking as the world keeps evolving. This has made an exciting field of research to major academicians towards providing sound measures to governments in areas of developing the society at large. Using a systematic method of literature review, this work analyses the energy trend, as well as the energy-growth nexus research, carried out in transition economies. The concluding result after the systematic review shows that (14%) of the study confirms the growth hypothesis, (54%) feedback hypothesis, (9%) neutrality hypothesis, and (23%) conservation hypothesis. |
| Keywords: | Energy, economic growth, resources, transition economies, systematic review. |
| JEL: | O1 Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2020–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:101601&r=all |
| By: | Dumortier, Jerome; Carriquiry, Miguel A.; Elobeid, Amani E. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Marketing, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304390&r=all |
| By: | Di Foggia, Giacomo |
| Abstract: | Policies for steering energy efficiency projects have multiple implications. Among others: economic opportunity, decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, security of supply, technological development. One of the key new instruments foreseen to support energy efficiency improvements is the energy efficiency certificate (EEC). Focusing on the industrial business case, the objective of this study is twofold. First, the paper analyses and discuss the energy performance contract, second it shows how EECs concur in supporting the investment. Specifically, results suggest that thanks to this instrument the payback time would be around 20% below the baseline hypothesis |
| Date: | 2020–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:s8jma&r=all |
| By: | Ayoubi, Charles; Thurm, Boris |
| Abstract: | Some individuals voluntarily engage in costly pro-environmental actions although their efforts have limited direct benefits. This paper proposes a novel economic model with heterogeneous agents explaining why. Each agent has a homo moralis type of preference, which combines selfishness and morality. Morality is modeled here as the payoff an agent receives if all other agents act like her. Our model builds on extant literature showing that homo moralis preferences have an evolutionary advantage to better evaluate the behavioral motives of agents. Shedding light on how people respond not only to economic but also moral incentives, we contribute to the ongoing policy debate on the design of efficient environmental policies. |
| Date: | 2020–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:w8afg&r=all |
| By: | Zhaojun Wang; Duy Nong; Amanda M. Countryman; James J. Corbett; Travis Warziniack |
| Abstract: | Global ballast water management regulations aiming to decrease aquatic species invasion require actions that can increase shipping costs. We employ an integrated shipping cost and global economic modeling approach to investigate the impacts of ballast water regulations on bilateral trade, national economies, and shipping patterns. Given the potential need for more stringent regulation at regional hotspots of species invasions, this work considers two ballast water treatment policy scenarios: implementation of current international regulations, and a possible stricter regional regulation that targets ships traveling to and from the United States while other vessels continue to face current standards. We find that ballast water management compliance costs under both scenarios lead to modest negative impacts on international trade and national economies overall. However, stricter regulations applied to U.S. ports are expected to have large negative impacts on bilateral trade of several specific commodities for a few countries. Trade diversion causes decreased U.S. imports of some products, leading to minor economic welfare losses. |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2008.11334&r=all |
| By: | Eric Langlais; Maxime Charreire |
| Abstract: | This paper considers an oligopoly where firms produce a joint and indivisible environmental harm as a by-product of their output. We first analyze the effects on the oligopoly equilibrium of alternative designs in environmental liability law, secondly, we discuss the rationale for "non-conventional" competition policies, i.e. more concerned with public interest such as the preservation of human health or environment. We study firms decisions of care and output under various liability regimes (strict liability vs negligence) associated with alternative damages apportionment rules (per capita vs market share rule), and with damages multipliers. We find that basing an environmental liability law on the combination of strict liability, the per capita rule, and an "optimal" damages multiplier, is consistent with a conservative competition policy, focused on consumers surplus, since, weakening firms' market power also increases aggregate expenditures in environment preservation and social welfare. In contrast, a shift to the market share rule, or to a negligence regime, may be consistent with a restriction of competition, since firms' entry may instead lead to a decrease in aggregate environmental expenditures and losses of social welfare. Nevertheless the fine tuning of the policy requires specific information from a Competition Authority, which we discuss as well. |
| Keywords: | Strict liability; negligence; damages apportionment rules; market share liability; environmental liability; Cournot oligopoly; competition policy. |
| JEL: | L41 L13 K13 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2020-25&r=all |
| By: | Boufous, Sawssan; Hudson, Darren; Carpio, Carlos; Malaga, Jaime |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304180&r=all |
| By: | Lu, Pin; Malone, Trey; Lusk, Jayson L.; Wu, Kaidi |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304330&r=all |
| By: | Yonatan Ben-Shalom; Megan McIntyre; Jia Pu; Marisa Shenk; Wenjia Zhu; William Shaw |
| Abstract: | This environmental scan identifies existing policies, strategies, and practices for opioid prescription management and evidence on their effectiveness. It covers approaches implemented in workers’ compensation and other health care settings, such as health insurance programs and health care systems. |
| Keywords: | opioids, prescription management, workers’ compensation, environmental scan |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:47a571e0762b43389e5f8e2b3ff2222b&r=all |
| By: | Kustanto, Andi |
| Abstract: | Population growth and urban development continue to increase at an unprecedented rate and create pressure on the quality of clean water. Previous empirical studies have shown that uncontrolled population growth has a negative and significant impact on the quality of clean water. In the case of Indonesia, the population growth trend has decreased every year, but not followed by an index of water quality that should have increased. This study examines population growth in the water quality index in 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2013-2017 using the panel method of fixed-effect models. This study found that population growth has a negative and significant effect on the water quality index in Indonesia. Every 1000 population in-crease will reduce the water quality index by 0.04 (ceteris paribus), which indicates that there is a need for control of the population growth rate to be more aware of the preservation of a sustainable environment. |
| Date: | 2020–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hmavr&r=all |
| By: | Gutierrez, Ana L.; Penn, Jerrod; Tanger, Shaun; Blazier, Michael |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304551&r=all |
| By: | Ajanaku, Bolarinwa; Collins, Alan R. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304271&r=all |
| By: | Rouhi Rad, Mani; Suter, Jordan F.; Manning, Dale; Goemans, Christopher |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304401&r=all |
| By: | Saungweme, Talknice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M |
| Abstract: | This study contributes to the existing public debt service-economic growth nexus by examining the impact of public debt service on economic growth in Zambia using time-series method, covering the period from 1970 to 2017. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds analysis technique, which permits the simultaneous estimation of the long- and short-run model parameters. Overall, the empirical results reveal that the impact of government debt service on economic growth, in Zambia, is time-variant. Whereas the neutrality of public debt service on economic growth is confirmed in the long run, in the short run the relationship is negative. To achieve macroeconomic stability and realise sustainable economic growth rates, the paper recommends that the Zambian government, among other things, undertake active fiscal consolidation to ensure that debt repayments do not cause excessive budget overruns and are not financed from new debt; and continuously improve public debt management strategies and policies to smoothen the government debt redemption profile. |
| Keywords: | Public debt service, economic growth, Zambia, ARDL |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uza:wpaper:26642&r=all |
| By: | Yehouenou, Lauriane; Morgan, Stephen N.; Grogan, Kelly A. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304627&r=all |
| By: | Michelle Marcus; Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna |
| Abstract: | Difference-in-Differences (DID) research designs usually rely on variation of treatment timing such that, after making an appropriate parallel trends assumption, one can identify, estimate, and make inference about causal effects. In practice, however, different DID procedures rely on different parallel trends assumptions (PTA), and recover different causal parameters. In this paper, we focus on staggered DID (also referred as event-studies) and discuss the role played by the PTA in terms of identification and estimation of causal parameters. We document a ``robustness'' vs. ``efficiency'' trade-off in terms of the strength of the underlying PTA, and argue that practitioners should be explicit about these trade-offs whenever using DID procedures. We propose new DID estimators that reflect these trade-offs and derived their large sample properties. We illustrate the practical relevance of these results by assessing whether the transition from federal to state management of the Clean Water Act affects compliance rates. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2009.01963&r=all |
| By: | Jean-Denis Garon; Étienne Lalé; Julien Martin; Florian Mayneris; Sophie Osotimehin; Charles Séguin; Dalibor Stevanovic |
| Abstract: | Ce document de réflexion présente au gouvernement du Québec une série de préconisations pour relancer l’économie à court terme et façonner une économie plus résiliente à moyen et long terme. Le texte s’appuie sur une série de constats suivis de recommandations que nous résumons ici. Pour la relance, nous recommandons de mieux organiser les aides financières destinées aux travailleurs afin d’éviter de nuire à la reprise de l’activité sur le marché du travail. Il faut également cibler les aides aux entreprises (garanties de prêt) et à l’emploi (subventions salariales) dans les secteurs directement affectés par les mesures de distanciation sociale et où les investissements spécifiques à l’activité de ce secteur sont élevés. De plus, le Québec doit encourager la formation dans les secteurs en situation de pénurie de main-d’œuvre tout en repensant le financement de la formation professionnelle. Afin de protéger les travailleurs les plus âgés, il est également nécessaire de moduler les aides en fonction de l’âge des travailleurs pour favoriser la réallocation sectorielle des travailleurs les moins à risque dans le contexte pandémique actuel. À court terme, il faut continuer de promouvoir le recours au télétravail comme dispositif de distanciation sociale. Ce changement organisationnel doit également être encouragé car il répond aux aspirations d’une partie des salariés et pourrait être source de gains de productivité pour certaines entreprises. Cependant, une réflexion portant sur le bon usage du télétravail doit être menée afin de se prémunir contre d'éventuels abus et effets pervers. De plus, les conséquences du télétravail sur le développement péri-urbain devront être anticipées par un resserrement des règles d’aménagement du territoire, en particulier dans les zones entourant les régions métropolitaines. Le Québec, tout comme le Canada d’ailleurs, doivent davantage se saisir des possibilités de diversification des sources d’approvisionnement offertes par le commerce international pour réduire les risques que leur trop grande dépendance vis-à-vis des États-Unis engendre. À cet effet, il est important de poursuivre les efforts de diversification s’agissant de l'origine des produits importés, mais aussi de reconsidérer les chaînes logistiques d’importation afin de réduire la dépendance du Québec et du Canada à l'égard des États-Unis en tant que plateforme logistique. Il serait aussi judicieux d’utiliser le commerce international pour bâtir des stocks de produits jugés essentiels. Ce faisant, le Québec serait en mesure de répondre à des hausses non anticipées de la demande sans avoir nécessairement à produire des biens pour lesquels la province n’a pas d’avantage comparatif. Pour aider au développement d’une production stratégique dans une économie ouverte, le gouvernement doit répertorier et consolider la production de ressources rares qui offrent des leviers stratégiques importants au Québec à l’international. L’eau douce doit notamment être considérée comme un bien stratégique majeur. A ce titre, il faut renforcer la lutte contre le gaspillage et la pollution des eaux au Québec. Le développement du transport maritime contribuerait à la diversification logistique du commerce canadien et permettrait ainsi de réduire les flux d’importations canadiennes transitant par le voisin du sud. Enfin, le Québec doit profiter de la crise pour encourager la croissance des secteurs plus respectueux de l’environnement, tels que la filière de la production d’hydrogène par électrolyse et celle des véhicules de transport de marchandises à hydrogène pour lesquelles, compte tenu de ses ressources en eau douce, le Québec a un avantage comparatif. |
| Keywords: | , Marché de l'emploi,Environnement,Commerce international,Transferts fédéraux |
| Date: | 2020–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2020pr-03&r=all |
| By: | Mobarok, Mohammad H.; Meyer, Seth; Skevas, Teo; Thompson, Wyatt |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304556&r=all |
| By: | Brent Bundick; Andrew Lee Smith |
| Abstract: | In a macroeconomic model with drifting long-run inflation expectations, the anchoring of inflation expectations manifests in two testable predictions. First, expectations about inflation far in the future should no longer respond to news about current inflation. Second, better-anchored inflation expectations weaken the relationship between unemployment and inflation, flattening the reduced-form Phillips curve. We evaluate both predictions and find that communication of a numerical inflation objective better anchored inflation expectations in the United States but failed to anchor expectations in Japan. Moreover, the improved anchoring of U.S. inflation expectations can account for much of the observed flattening of the Phillips curve. Finally, we present evidence that initial Federal Reserve communication around its longer-run inflation objective may have led inflation expectations to anchor at a level below 2 percent. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy; Inflation; Inflation targeting; Central bank communication; Structural breaks; Phillips Curve |
| JEL: | E31 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2020–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedkrw:88701&r=all |
| By: | Taheripour, Farzad; Baumes, Harry S.; Tyner, Wallace E. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304252&r=all |
| By: | Lima Miquelluti, Daniel; Ozaki, Vitor; Miquelluti, David J. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304288&r=all |
| By: | Siegle, Jonathon E.; Sohngen, Brent; Baker, Justin S. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304576&r=all |
| By: | Yang, Meng; Qiu, Feng; Huang, Weihua |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304407&r=all |
| By: | Danial Hoepfner (Gibson Consulting Group Inc.) |
| Abstract: | Downloading and preparing survey data for analysis from online platforms such as Qualtrics is a time-consuming and error-prone task. The qualtrics.ado command interacts with the Qualtrics API to download, and clean, data quickly with less error. The program requires users to enter their Qualtrics credentials. The command allows users to display a list of the surveys associated with that account, to download surveys with IDs retrieved from that list, and to apply variable and value labels. In this presentation, we will cover the functions of the .ado and demonstrate applied examples. The program uses cURL requests to fetch data from the Qualtrics API and import them into Stata, processes the files in Stata, then passes them back to the Qualtrics API or applies them to the downloaded data (such as variable and value labels and question stems). The ability to script the fetching and cleaning from a third-party survey platform opens up other possibilities, such as up-to-date results dashboards or response rates websites, which we will demonstrate in our presentation. |
| Date: | 2020–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:scon20:24&r=all |
| By: | Jeddi, Behzad; DePaula, Guilherme M.; Fortes, Ary |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304489&r=all |
| By: | Salaheddine Soummane (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Julien Lefèvre (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Highlights We calibrate a hybrid dynamic recursive CGE model of Saudi Arabia on original data We acknowledge the Saudi specifics of currency peg and investment stability We explore 3 scenarios of international and domestic energy prices Low global prices affect Saudi GDP little but lower national and public savings Reformed domestic prices restore activity but not national or public savings Abstract We analyse the mid-term macroeconomic challenge to Saudi Arabia of a global low-carbon transition reducing oil revenues, versus the opportunity of national energy reforms. We calibrate a compact, dynamic recursive model of Saudi Arabia on original energy-economy data to explore scenarios. We first assess the consequences of oil prices declining from their levels in the New Policies Scenario (NPS) of the IEA, to their levels in its Sustainable |
| Keywords: | Administered energy prices,Low-carbon transition,Hybrid energy-economy modelling,Saudi Arabia |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02924714&r=all |
| By: | Kakpo, Ange T.; Mills, Bradford F.; Brunelin, Stephanie |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304218&r=all |
| By: | Chen, Bowen; Gramig, Ben; Yun, Seong Do |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304296&r=all |
| By: | Fernando Magdaleno Mas |
| Abstract: | En la primera parte de este artículo se realiza un recorrido por las políticas del agua en España a lo largo de las últimas décadas, identificando su contexto y orientación. En la segunda parte del texto, se analizan las políticas hídricas que actualmente desarrolla el Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITERD), explicando su enfoque y objetivos, y su relación con las políticas europeas. En particular, se enfatiza la relevancia del agua como elemento conector entre la sociedad y el territorio, y se plantean diversas medidas e iniciativas especialmente relevantes para su integración. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaddt:2020-10&r=all |
| By: | Wu, Qi; Mérel, Pierre; Sexton, Richard J. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304337&r=all |
| By: | Peterson-Wilhelm, Bailey; Nalley, Lanier; Nayga, Rodolfo M.; Snell, Heather |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304228&r=all |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Niehörster, Falk |
| Abstract: | Ambiguity about the probability of loss is a salient feature of catastrophe risk insurance. Evidence shows that insurers charge higher premiums under ambiguity, but that they rely on simple heuristics to do so, rather than being able to turn to pricing tools that formally link ambiguity with the insurer’s underlying economic objective. In this paper, we apply an α-maxmin model of insurance pricing to two catastrophe model data sets relating to hurricane risk. The pricing model considers an insurer who maximises expected profit, but is sensitive to how ambiguity affects its risk of ruin. We estimate ambiguity loads and show how these depend on the insurer’s attitude to ambiguity, α. We also compare these results with those derived from applying model blending techniques that have recently gained popularity in the actuarial profession, and show that model blending can imply relatively low aversion to ambiguity, possibly ambiguity seeking. |
| Keywords: | ambiguity; catastrophe modelling; insurance; model blending; natural disasters; ES/R009708/1 |
| JEL: | D81 G22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:106116&r=all |
| By: | Khanam, Taznoore; Pede, Valerien O.; Wheatley, W. Parker |
| Keywords: | International Development, Risk and Uncertainty, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304414&r=all |
| By: | J Peillex (ICD International Business School Paris); Imane El Ouadghiri (PULV - Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci, EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mathieu Gomes (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - Clermont Auvergne - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Jamil Jaballah (GEM - Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Abstract: | We aim to advance our understanding of the adverse effects of extreme temperatures by examining the extent to which high temperatures affect stock market activity. We address this question by analyzing the trading volumes on the French stock market on days when the weather in Paris is excessively hot over the period 1995-2019. Our empirical analyses show that, on average, trading volumes fall significantly (between 4 percent and 10 percent) when maximum daily temperatures exceed 30°C (86°F). The observed negative association is remarkably robust to a battery of alternative analyses such as bin tests, event studies, and time-series regressions controlling for any seasonal effects and financial market conditions. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the literature on behavioral finance by demonstrating the existence of a "hot weather" effect on financial markets. It also offers important managerial and public policy implications. |
| Keywords: | behavioral finance,global warming,high temperatures,market activity,trading volume |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:gemptp:hal-02935431&r=all |
| By: | Bonuedi, Isaac; Kornher, Lukas; Gerber, Nicolas |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304191&r=all |
| By: | Remi Jedwab; Jason Barr; Jan K. Brueckner |
| Abstract: | There is a large literature in the U.S. measuring the extent and stringency of land-use regulations in urban areas and how these regulations affect important outcomes such as housing prices and economic growth. This paper is the first to present an international measure of regulatory stringency by estimating what we call building-height gaps. Using a novel geospatialized data set on the year of construction and heights of tall buildings around the world, we compare the total height of a country’s actual stock of tall buildings to what the total height would have been if building-height regulations were relatively less stringent, based on parameters from a benchmark set of countries. We find that these gaps are larger for richer countries and for residential buildings rather than for commercial buildings. The building-heights gaps correlate strongly with other measures of land-use regulation and international measures of housing prices, sprawl, congestion and pollution. Taken together, the results suggest that stringent building-height regulations around the world might be imposing relatively large welfare losses. |
| Keywords: | international buildings heights, tall buildings, skyscrapers, land use regulations, housing supply, housing prices, sprawl, congestion, pollution |
| JEL: | R30 R50 O18 O50 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8511&r=all |
| By: | Cui, Yi; Du, Xiaodong; Ma, Jiujie |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304364&r=all |
| By: | Shi, Ruoding; You, Wen; Ji, Xinde; Ahn, Jae-Wan |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304190&r=all |
| By: | Sinha, Nishita; Eckel, Catherine; Wilson, Rick |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304605&r=all |
| By: | Musa, Anne O.; Carpio, Carlos E.; Williams, Ryan Blake |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304614&r=all |
| By: | Sears, Louis S.; Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia; Walter, M. Todd |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304276&r=all |
| By: | Shukla, Pallavi; Pullabhotla, Hemant K.; Baylis, Kathy |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304451&r=all |
| By: | Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr; Heckelei, Thomas; Baylis, KathyBaylis, Kathy |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304583&r=all |
| By: | Tran, Dat Q.; Kovacs, Kent; Wallander, Steven |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304295&r=all |
| By: | Yvon Pesqueux (EESD - Equipe en émergence sécurité défense - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM]) |
| Date: | 2020–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02923353&r=all |
| By: | Tu, Juan; Qiu, Feng; Yang, Meng |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304260&r=all |
| By: | Geir B. Asheim; John M. Hartwick; Tapan Mitra |
| Abstract: | We propose an adaptation of Hartwick’s investment rule to models with population growth and show that following Hartwick’s rule is equivalent to a time-invariant real per capita net national product. In the so-called DHSS model of capital accumulation and resource depletion the proposed Hartwick’s rule equates the accumulation of per capita capital, net of the capital dilution effect of population growth, to the value of the depletion of the resource, gross of the capital dilution effect. We investigate why this asymmetry arises by analyzing a general model with multiple capital goods, in which we obtain a formulation of Hartwick’s investment rule where capital gains play a role if population growth is positive. Since capital gains accrue only to the resource but not to capital, we get the apparent asymmetry in the DHSS model. In both models we obtain as a corollary that keeping the value of net investments equal to zero leads to constant consumption if population is constant. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, population growth, intergenerational equity |
| JEL: | D63 O41 Q01 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8513&r=all |
| By: | Alabi Reuben Adeolu; Oshobugie Ojor Adams (Universität Bremen,Germany) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:390&r=all |
| By: | Frondel, Manuel; Kussel, Gerhard; Larysch, Tobias; Osberghaus, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Dieser Beitrag liefert erste umfassende empirische Evidenz darüber, welchen Einfluss die Pandemie auf die Wahrnehmung von Klimawandel und Klimapolitik hat, inwieweit die Befragten gesundheitlich und finanziell betroffen sind sowie zur Einschätzung von klimapolitischen Aspekten bei wirtschaftspolitischen Maßnahmen, die zur Überwindung der Folgen der Corona-Krise ergriffen werden. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse lauten wie folgt: Obwohl bislang nur wenige der Befragten direkt vom Coronavirus betroffen waren, macht sich eine Mehrheit Sorgen um die Auswirkungen der Pandemie. Knapp 77 % der Befragten sorgen sich zumindest 'mäßig' um die eigene Gesundheit und die der Familie. Gut 86 % sind mindestens 'mäßig besorgt' über die Folgen für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt. Dennoch bleibt auch der Klimawandel ein wichtiges Thema: Nur sechs Prozent der Befragten finden, dass der Klimawandel seit Jahresbeginn an Bedeutung verloren habe. 70 % sehen keine Veränderung in der Wichtigkeit des Themas. 23 % sind sogar der Meinung, der Klimawandel habe in den vergangenen Monaten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Gleichwohl weisen erste Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen darauf hin, dass Haushalte mit Corona-bedingten finanziellen Einbußen den Klimawandel als weniger bedeutsam einschätzen als nicht betroffene Haushalte. |
| Keywords: | Corona,Klimawandel,Strompreisentlastung,Kaufprämien für Autos |
| JEL: | D62 Q51 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:20041&r=all |
| By: | Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304212&r=all |
| By: | Soh, Moonwon; Wade, Tara; Borisova, Tatiana |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304587&r=all |