|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Florin Mihai (Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași [Romania]); Mihail Eva (CITERES - Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés - Université de Tours - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Alina-Violeta Munteanu |
| Abstract: | Between 1990 and 2015, the annual global amount of CO 2 emission generated by transport has increased by 68%, from around 4.6 GtCO 2 to around 7.7 GtCO 2. Technological advances towards eco-friendly vehicles and policy incentives promoting environmental-friendly modes of transport have thus been offset by economic growth and increasing mobility. This study questions the relationship between economic growth and sustainability performance of transport sector. It adds to the literature new insights concerning recent trends in the relationship between gross domestic product and various aspects of transport sustainability such as carbon footprint, carbon intensity and transport safety. A particular attention is given to discussing the emerging issues of "carbon inequality" and the role of political entities that contribute most to global CO 2 emissions, such China, USA and the EU. Finally, this study adds to the literature a composite index of transport sustainability performance and explores between-country inequalities in terms of sustainability performance. |
| Keywords: | road fatalities,CO 2 emissions,environmental impact,OECD countries,carbon footprint,carbon inequality |
| Date: | 2019–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02196197&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu, Phd (Department of Economics, University of South Africa); Nicholas M. Odhiambo (Department of Economics, University of South Africa) |
| Abstract: | In the light of challenges to sustainable development in the post-2015 development agenda, this study assesses how increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions affect inclusive human development in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; Sustainable development; Inclusiveness; Environmental policy; Africa. |
| JEL: | R10 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbn:wps208:3006&r=all |
| By: | Nils Axel Braathen (OECD) |
| Abstract: | Based on an in-depth literature review and responses to a survey among OECD member countries, this paper discusses the use of flexibility mechanisms in environmental regulations. Such mechanisms can provide flexibility as to how a given environmental improvement is achieved, regarding where environmental improvements take place, when they take place, as regards who is to achieve the improvements, and for which pollutants the emission reductions are to be achieved.The literature on these issues is limited, but it is clear that some such mechanisms can have important environmental and economic impacts. In certain cases, flexibility mechanisms which have provided important benefits in terms of cost reductions have proven to also shift pollution to areas where the negative health impacts are larger. Hence, it will be useful to carefully assess the related social costs and benefits of both existing and new flexibility mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, emission trading, environmental regulations, flexibility mechanisms, government policy, valuation of environmental externalities |
| JEL: | Q51 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:151-en&r=all |
| By: | Luc Doyen (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Lavaud (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anne-Sophie Masure (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The Resource Modeling Association is an international association of scientists working at the intersection of mathematical modeling, environmental sciences, and natural resource management. We formulate and analyze models to understand and inform the management of renewable and exhaustible resources. We are particularly concerned with the sustainable utilization of renewable resources and their vulnerability to anthropogenic and other disturbances. |
| Date: | 2118 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02196599&r=all |
| By: | Myers Jaffe, Amy |
| Abstract: | The emergence of natural gas (NG) as an abundant, inexpensive fuel in the United States has highlighted the possibility that it could play a significant role in the transition to low carbon fuels. It is often cited as a “bridge” to low carbon fuels in the transportation sector. Major corporations are already investing billions of dollars to build NG fueling infrastructure to expand its use in U.S. trucking fleets. In California, NG fueling infrastructure is expanding, especially in and around the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and the use of NG-fueled medium- and heavy-duty fleets is currently on an upswing. The state is relying in part on the development and use of alternative fuels such as renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen, which have low greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions, to meet its climate change and air quality goals. This policy brief summarizes findings from the research project which examines how NG infrastructure can be economically and technologically synergistic for both NG and RNG in the near term, and for RNG and other renewables such as hydrogen in the long term. In particular, it examines optimum paths for developing infrastructure in the near term that will accommodate alternative fuels once they become available at the commercial scale. The original design of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) provides time for the development of advanced, near-zero technologies. The research considers the use of LCFS credits in its analysis. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Fuel cell vehicles, Hydrogen fuels, Natural gas, Natural gas buses, Natural gas distribution systems, Natural gas pipelines, Natural gas vehicles, Service stations |
| Date: | 2018–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt19s7v9df&r=all |
| By: | Denisard Alves; Paula Pereda |
| Abstract: | The world’s population will rise exponentially in the coming decades, increasing the demand for food and challenging the agricultural sector to ensure food security. Due to the importance of climate conditions for agriculture, this article analyzed two different hypotheses regarding climate impacts on agricultural markets in Brazil. First, farmers only observe the average climate conditions of their region when deciding the type and amount of crop or animal to grow or raise. Second, weather diversions from normal climate conditions cause farmers to deviate from optimal profits. Neither hypothesis was rejected by the data. The 2006 estimated loss from rainfall anomalies was 12.8 billion dollars (in 2014 values). |
| Keywords: | translog profit function; climate change; climate and weather impacts; profit frontier; agricultural economics. |
| JEL: | D21 Q11 Q12 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2019wpecon23&r=all |
| By: | Palma, Alessandro (University of Rome Tor Vergata); Petrunyk, Inna (Leuphana University Lüneburg); Vuri, Daniela (University of Rome Tor Vergata) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of fetal exposure to air pollution on health outcomes at birth in Italy in the 2000s combining information on mother’s residential location from birth certificates with information on PM10 concentrations from air quality monitors. The potential endogeneity deriving from differential pollution exposure is addressed by exploiting as-good-as-random variation in rainfall shocks as an instrumental variable for air pollution concentrations. Our results show that both average levels of PM10 and days above the hazard limit have detrimental effects on birth weight, duration of gestation as well as overall health status at birth. These effects are mainly driven by pollution exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy and further differ in size with respect to the maternal socio-economic status, suggesting that babies born to socially disadvantaged mothers are more vulnerable. Given the non negligible effects of pollution on birth outcomes, further policy efforts are needed to fully protect fetuses from the adverse effects of air pollution and to mitigate the environmental inequality of health at birth. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, particulate matter, birth weight, pre-term birth, environmental policies |
| JEL: | I18 J13 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12467&r=all |
| By: | Gran, Christoph; Gechert, Sebastian; Barth, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | Currently the EU and the world face several complex and interconnected challenges. These range from climate change and loss of biodiversity to high levels of inequality and precarious work. At the same time, there is a growing discontent with politics not being able to provide appropriate problem solutions. Over the last years, however, an enormous quantity of ecological and social indicators has been brought up that may serve as a new compass in addressing these challenges and accessing wellbeing and sustainability at the same time. Our contribution shows how these indicators can help to better navigate policymaking while considering sustainability and wellbeing and to replace the currently dominant, GDP-focused approach. The paper gives an insight into the results of an ongoing research project funded by the German Federal Environment Agency, exploring how ecological and social indicators can be better integrated into macroeconomic models (Diefenbacher et al. 2019). The focus of the paper lies on integrating new ecological and social indicators into QUEST, the global macroeconomic policy simulation model of the European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic Affairs and Finance (DG ECFIN). |
| Keywords: | Sustainability,Beyond GDP,macroeconomic models,QUEST,ecological and social indicators |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zoedps:4&r=all |
| By: | José M. Belbute; Alfredo Marvão Pereira |
| Abstract: | We use an ARFIMA approach to develop reference scenario projections for CO2 emissions worldwide and for seven different regions. Our objective is to determine the magnitude of the policy efforts necessary to achieve the IPCC emissions reductions goals. For worldwide emissions, the aggregate policy effort required to achieve the 2050 goals is equivalent to 97.4% of 2010 emissions. This policy effort is frontloaded as about 60% of such efforts would have to occur by 2030. In order to achieve the IPCC target the policy efforts in the cases of the USA, EU(28), Russia, and Japan - which account for 32% of worldwide emissions, are lower and less frontloaded than the IPCC goals themselves. In the case of China, India and the ROW, which account for 68% of worldwide emissions, additional policy efforts are necessary to achieve reductions in emissions of 105.0%, 156.0% and 111.4%, of the 2010 levels, respectively. In the case of India, policy efforts are not only rather severe but also rather dramatically frontloaded, as about 74% of the policy efforts would have to occur by 2030. Our results suggest that the policies toward decarbonization must consider the specific regional characteristics of emissions. Given the differences in the inertia of emissions in the different regions a one-size fits all approach is not the best approach. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, IPCC emission targets, long memory, ARFIMA |
| JEL: | C22 C53 O52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mde:wpaper:0125&r=all |
| By: | Kaushal , Kevin R. (School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences); Rosendahl, Knut Einar (School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) |
| Abstract: | Unilateral actions to reduce CO2 emissions can be costly and may lead to carbon leakage through relocation of emission-intensive and trade-exposed industries (EITE). This paper examines the welfare effects of introducing an emission offset mechanism for the EITE sector, where EITE producers may have to acquire more than one offset credit to balance one ETS allowance. The analytical results suggest that under certain conditions it is globally welfare improving for a single region to introduce such an offset mechanism. Numerical simulations in the context of the EU ETS and REDD+ credits support the analytical findings, and suggest that it is optimal for the EU to require EITE producers to acquire several REDD+ credits to offset one EU ETS allowance. |
| Keywords: | Carbon leakage; emission trading system; unilateral policy; REDD+ |
| JEL: | D61 F18 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsseb:2019_003&r=all |
| By: | Dowds, Jonathan; Aultman-Hall, Lisa; Vallett, Carol; McRae, Glenn |
| Abstract: | Because climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, climate adaptation and resiliency planning are increasingly important tasks for transportation agencies at all levels of government. Considering the variety of events that impact the transportation system, transportation professionals must consider a host of different adaptation actions, ranging from changes in maintenance and communication procedures to changes in design and even the relocation or replacement of infrastructure. The importance and complexity of this work is spurring a rapid expansion of new adaptation tools and numerous adaptation pilot projects. The roles for different types of agencies in implementing these measures have yet to be clearly delineated. Moreover, while workforce development in transportation is recognized as a critical issue, relatively little is currently known about the specific workforce development needs for climate adaptation. This policy brief summarizes findings from the Climate Adaptation Planning Survey (CAPS), an online survey of planners and other professionals conducted in June 2015, that assessed the adaptation planning capacity, the adequacy of technical tools, and current preparation levels of local and state agencies, as well as the workforce development needs faced by transportation planning agencies as they increasingly focus their work on adaptation to climate change. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Climate change, Continuing education, Disaster resilience, Government agencies, Labor force, Network analysis (Planning), Surveys, Transportation planning, Transportation system management, Weather |
| Date: | 2018–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8pb012jh&r=all |
| By: | Kahn, Matthew E. (University of Southern California); Mohaddes, Kamiar (University of Cambridge); Ng, Ryan N. C. (University of Cambridge); Pesaran, M. Hashem (University of Southern California); Raissi, Mehdi (International Monetary Fund); Yang, Jui-Chung (National Tsing Hua University) |
| Abstract: | We study the long-term impact of climate change on economic activity across countries, using a stochastic growth model where labor productivity is affected by country-specific climate variables—defined as deviations of temperature and precipitation from their historical norms. Using a panel data set of 174 countries over the years 1960 to 2014, we find that per-capita real output growth is adversely affected by persistent changes in the temperature above or below its historical norm, but we do not obtain any statistically significant effects for changes in precipitation. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a persistent increase in average global temperature by 0.04°C per year, in the absence of mitigation policies, reduces world real GDP per capita by 7.22 percent by 2100. On the other hand, abiding by the Paris Agreement, thereby limiting the temperature increase to 0.01°C per annum, reduces the loss substantially to 1.07 percent. These effects vary significantly across countries. We also provide supplementary evidence using data on a sample of 48 U.S. states between 1963 and 2016, and show that climate change has a long-lasting adverse impact on real output in various states and economic sectors, and on labor productivity and employment. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; economic growth; adaptation; counterfactual analysis |
| JEL: | C33 O40 O44 O51 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:feddgw:365&r=all |
| By: | McGlynn, Emily F.; Bastien Olvera, Bernardo Adolfo; Favero, Alice |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291127&r=all |
| By: | Surender Kumar (Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics); Madhu Khanna (Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 1301, W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801) |
| Keywords: | Temperature, Production efficiency growth, Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), Non-linear effects |
| JEL: | E23 O13 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cde:cdewps:298&r=all |
| By: | Nthambi, Mary; Wätzold, Frank; Markova-Nenova, Nonka |
| Abstract: | Climate change impacts pose a great challenge to agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa as droughts become more frequent and more severe. A major roadblock to implementing climate change adaptation measures is poor governance. Given their experience with governing organizations, farmers are highly suitable respondents to assess the appropriateness of different governing organizations to implement adaptation measures on the ground. We surveyed 300 farmers in Makueni County in Kenya applying the choice experiment method to assess their preferences in relation to different attributes of a sand storage dam project to enhance rainwater harvesting as an adaptation measure. Attributes include the organization governing the dam construction, dam wall height and volume of water harvested, the type of pump used to distribute water, number of tree rows planted to prevent silting, and labor time farmers are willing to contribute to dam construction. Responses were analyzed using the mixed logit model. Our key result shows that farmers prefer an NGO as the governing organization, followed closely by a farmer network and, with some distance, a government institution. For the whole of Makueni County, we find that benefit losses of $ 482,766 occur if farmer networks are the governing organizations instead of NGOs and $ 2,679,706 if government institutions govern the dam construction instead of NGOs. While the importance of governance structures for development is well-known, our study is novel as it quantifies the benefit losses that occur due to poor governance in the field of climate change adaptation. On a methodological level, our study contributes to improving the application of choice experiments in developing countries as it draws attention to the careful selection of the payment vehicle. In terms of policy recommendations, our results suggest that substantial benefit losses may occur if appropriate governing organizations are not selected when implementing much needed climate adaptation measures. |
| Keywords: | Good governance, climate change adaptation measures, governing organizations, choice modeling, payment vehicle, willingness to pay |
| JEL: | Q5 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94678&r=all |
| By: | Victor Simões Dornelas; Ariaster Baumgratz Chimeli |
| Abstract: | We study whether the “China shock†, defined as China’s rapid emergence in global markets, caused environmental impacts in Brazilian municipalities, since previous evidence points to effects on real wages and formal sector employment over the period of 2000 to 2010. Building on recent theoretical developments, we implement a shift-share strategy to explore variation in economic specialization between municipalities and find that China’s direct influence on deforestation of the Amazon and Cerrado was on average insignificant, which is supported by the literature. On the other hand, China’s demand for commodities seems to have increased pollution-related mortality of children in mining municipalities, a result obtained by comparing it to mortality caused by other factors. However, we show that this is most likely explained by a municipality’s degree of specialization in mining activities rather than its exposure to trade with China. We conclude that the environmental impacts of the China shock on Brazilian municipalities were small, if not negligible. |
| Keywords: | international trade; deforestation; infant mortality; Brazil; China |
| JEL: | F18 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2019wpecon29&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Taeyoung; Son, Minhui; Rho, Ho Young |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290809&r=all |
| By: | Claudia Kemfert; Sophie Schmalz; Nicole Wägner |
| Abstract: | Gegenwärtig sind die verschiedenen Energieträger in Deutschland unterschiedlich stark mit Abgaben und Umlagen belastet. Um die energie- und klimapolitischen Ziele der Bundesregierung zu erreichen, müssen fossile Heiz- und Kraftstoffe stärker bepreist werden (Kemfert et al. 2019; Dertinger und Schill 2019, SRU 2019). Zugleich herrscht in der energiepolitischen Debatte Uneinigkeit über die die Ausgestaltung einer CO2-Bepreisung. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, den EU-Emissionshandels (EUETS) auf die bislang nicht abgedeckten Sektoren Verkehr und Wärme europaweit, für eine Gruppe von EU-Mitgliedstaaten oder national auszuweiten. Eine weitere Option ist ein separates nationales Emissionshandelssystem für diese Sektoren einzuführen und eine dritte die Besteuerung zu reformieren, indem eine CO2-basierte Komponente in der Energiesteuer eingeführt wird. Der Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (SVR) empfiehlt, den EU-ETS europaweit bis zum Jahr 2030 auf die Sektoren Verkehr und Gebäude auszuweiten sowie einen nationalen Emissionshandel oder eine CO2-Steuer als Übergangslösung zu etablieren (SVR 2019). Auch der Wissenschaftliche Beirat des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) spricht sich dafür aus, den Zertifikatehandel auszuweiten: Die Preiskorridore für die verschiedenen Sektoren sollen sich zunächst unterscheiden und mittelfristig in einem einheitlichen europäischen Emissionsmarkt zusammengeführt werden (BMWi 2019). Mit folgendem Beitrag werden unterschiedliche Optionen für eine CO2-Bepreisung beschrieben und bewertet. Dabei werden neben der ökonomischen Perspektive (statische und dynamische Effizienz sowie ökologische Effektivität) auch die juristische und politische Durchsetzbarkeit berücksichtigt. |
| Keywords: | CO2-Bepreisung, Emissionshandel, Besteuerung, Wärme- und Verkehrssektor |
| JEL: | Q50 Q52 Q58 H23 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1818&r=all |
| By: | Julia Jouan (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Julia Heinrichs (Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn); Wolfgang Britz (Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn); Christoph Pahmeyer (Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Legumes can contribute to a more sustainable agriculture by limiting N fertilisation, diversifying crop rotation and substituting imported protein-rich feed. However, their production remains low in the European Union, which had led to specific policies. For instance, following the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, France established Voluntary Coupled Support (VCS) scheme for legumes. Germany did not introduce a VCS, but provides more favourable implementation of the Nitrates Directive (ND) for legumes by allowing spreading manure on these crops. Our study quantifies economic and environmental impacts of the VCS and measures of the ND affecting legume production in France and Germany. We employ the bio-economic model FarmDyn, parameterised for a typical dairy farm in France and Germany, to analyse different levels of VCS per hectare and to compare the French versus the German implementation of the ND. Results suggest that VCS leads to a significant increase in legume production. The implementation of the German ND can foster legume production due to the possibility of spreading manure on legumes. The policy induced increase in legume production is lower in the German farm due to higher opportunity costs of legumes. In both farms, the profit slightly increases but the share of VCS in the profit rises. Environmental indicators are overall improved. Thus, VCS, coupled with an adapted implementation of the Nitrate Directive, is an effective policy to foster environmental benefits from increased legume production. However, the effectiveness of these policies highly depends on the opportunity costs of legumes in each country. |
| Keywords: | protein crop,policy coherence,mathematical programming,protein self-sufficiency,nitrates Directive,farmdyn,bio-economic model |
| Date: | 2019–05–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02197018&r=all |
| By: | Anica, Sharaban T.; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291263&r=all |
| By: | Kaelab K. Haile; Eleonora Nillesen; Nyasha Tirivayi |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effect of smallholder farmers’ access to a formal climate risk transfer mechanism on their risk preferences. Survey and experimental data were collected from smallholder farmers that have access to weather index-based crop insurance (WICI) in Ethiopia. We use an endogenous switching (ESP) model to address self-selection and simultaneity bias. Results from the ESP model show that farmers who purchased WICI are less likely to be risk-averse compared with non-purchaser farmers. Similarly, non-purchasers would have attained a significant reduction in their risk-aversion if they had taken up the insurance product. We also find that WICI has a positive and statistically significant effect on farmers’ real-life risk-taking behavior as exemplified by mineral fertilizer use. The implication of our findings is that formal climate risk transfer mechanisms can positively influence households’ economic decisions and outcomes, through reducing risk aversion. Therefore, they can possibly contribute to poverty alleviation and economic development within agrarian economies that are exposed to recurrent and severe climate shocks. |
| Keywords: | weather index-based crop insurance, endogenous preferences, experimental risk elicitation, endogenous switching probit, sub-Saharan, Ethiopia |
| JEL: | C91 D03 I38 N27 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7717&r=all |
| By: | Linda Steinhübel; Johannes Wegmann; Oliver Mußhoff |
| Abstract: | In this study, we analyze the effects of household location and weather variability on the adoption of borewell technology in the rural-urban interface of Bangalore, India. Understanding these effects can help design policies that ensure smallholders‘ livelihoods and the functioning of ecosystems in drought-prone areas. Our analysis is based on a primary data set collected in 2016 and 2017 covering 574 farm households. With a semiparametric hazard rate model we analyze determinants of the borewell adoption rate. We incorporate different rainfall variables and a two-dimensional geo-spline to capture the effects of household location. Results show that more rain can lead to successful seasons that generate the capital needed for investment in borewell technology. However, we observe ad hoc adoption decisions to prevent harvest loss when rainfalls are low or missing. We also find that proximity to markets accelerates adoption rates. Further, we find that off-farm employment to decreases adoption rates. |
| Keywords: | Urbanization; climate change; borewell technology; India; semiparametric duration models |
| Date: | 2018–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:got:gotcrc:257&r=all |
| By: | Kabir, Kayenat; Hertel, Thomas W.; Baldos, Uris Lantz C. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290784&r=all |
| By: | Indaco, Agustín (CUNY Graduate Center); Ortega, Francesc (Queens College, CUNY); Taspinar, Süleyman (Queens College, CUNY) |
| Abstract: | This paper argues that increases in perceived flood risk entail a negative and persistent shock to local economic activity. Our analysis is based on a rich administrative dataset that contains all business establishments in New York City around the time of hurricane Sandy. Our data also identifies exactly which buildings suffered flooding-related damage due to the hurricane. We find evidence of a persistent reduction in the employment and wage income of establishments that suffered damage, along with higher exit rates. The persistence of the effects is consistent with an upward revision of flood-risk beliefs triggered by the hurricane. These findings suggest that businesses are adapting to the higher flood-risk environment by shifting operations toward safer areas. This adjustment process may mitigate the city-wide costs associated to sea-level rise. |
| Keywords: | climate change, sea-level rise, economic adaptation, hurricane sandy |
| JEL: | H56 K42 R33 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12474&r=all |
| By: | Samaniego, Joseluis; Schneider, Heloísa |
| Abstract: | En esta, que es la cuarta versión del informe sobre financiamiento para el cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe, se describe y analiza el comportamiento entre 2013 y 2016 del flujo de recursos para el combate y la adaptación al cambio climático de 12 instituciones, que a través de diferentes instrumentos financieros movilizaron anualmente un promedio de 20.000 millones de dólares entre los países de la región. Las fuentes del financiamiento fueron, mayoritariamente, los bancos nacionales de desarrollo, que, si bien han cedido espacio a los bancos multilaterales, concentraron el 47% del total aprobado en el período analizado. Entre los recursos contabilizados se destaca la creciente participación de los bonos con fines climáticos, que en 2013 todavía no se habían utilizado y en 2016 representaron el 22% del total, y que fueron colocados principalmente por el sector privado, que concentró el 80% del total de las emisiones de este tipo de instrumentos financieros. En 2016, la cantidad de recursos aprobados sumó poco más de 16.700 millones de dólares, concentrados en el Brasil y México, que en conjunto sumaron el 56% del total, con una marcada diferencia entre las fuentes. Mientras en el Brasil el principal proveedor fue la banca nacional de desarrollo, en México la principal fuente de recursos fueron los bonos con fines climáticos, emitidos por el sector privado, que ha demostrado un interés creciente en este tema en el mundo y también en la región. |
| Keywords: | CAMBIO CLIMATICO, FINANCIACION, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS, FINANCIAMIENTO AMBIENTAL, FONDOS, BANCOS DE DESARROLLO, BONOS, SECTOR PRIVADO, CLIMATE CHANGE, FINANCING, ECONOMIC ASPECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCING, FUNDS, DEVELOPMENT BANKS, BONDS, PRIVATE SECTOR |
| Date: | 2019–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:44487&r=all |
| By: | Messina, Diego; Contreras Lisperguer, Rubén |
| Abstract: | Este documento es un aporte de la CEPAL para observar las dinámicas y progresos en América Latina y el Caribe de los indicadores energéticos incluidos en el ODS7 de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas. Fue elaborado en el marco del proyecto “Observatorio Regional sobre Energías Sostenibles”, que tiene como objetivo ayudar a construir capacidades técnicas en los países de la región para monitorear sus avances hacia una energía costeable, segura y moderna. |
| Keywords: | RECURSOS ENERGETICOS, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ENERGIA SOSTENIBLE, RENDIMIENTO ENERGETICO, FUENTES DE ENERGIA RENOVABLES, ESTADISTICAS DE ENERGIA, ENERGY RESOURCES, 2020 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY STATISTICS |
| Date: | 2019–08–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:44686&r=all |
| By: | Johannes Bettin; Meike Wollni |
| Abstract: | In the Global South, livelihood environmentalism of the poor contrasts with alleged absence of environmental concern in the emerging middle classes. We present survey evidence from India suggesting that individuals abandoning farming and advancing to middle income still retain influence of past farming, or nature experience. Income and trait heterogeneity of impact on environmental concern then cause ‘tunneling’ of a preference-driven Environmental Kuznets Curve. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve; Tunneling; Environmentalism of the Poor; Nature Experience |
| Date: | 2018–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:got:gotcrc:258&r=all |
| By: | Gustavo J. Bobonis; Mark Stabile; Leonardo Tovar |
| Abstract: | Militaries around the world perform training exercises in preparation for war. We study the relationship between in utero exposure to military exercises (bombing) and early-life health outcomes, combining data on naval bombing exercises in Vieques, Puerto Rico, and the universe of births from 1990-2003. Using a differences-in-differences design, we find that the sudden end of bombing practices is associated with a 56-79 percent decrease in the incidence of congenital anomalies. The evidence is generally consistent with the channel of environmental pollution; increases in arsenic levels in waters surrounding the live impact area. |
| Keywords: | infant health; military activity; environmental pollution; maternal stress |
| JEL: | I15 I14 O1 |
| Date: | 2019–08–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tor:tecipa:tecipa-643&r=all |
| By: | Amina Said Alsayyad (IPC-IG); Abdel-Hameed Hamdy Nawar (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Many countries have made significant strides in transitioning from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which expired in 2015, to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 17 interdependent SDGs cover social, economic and environmental development issues as well as governance and partnerships. Each goal has a list of targets that are measured with indicators". (...) |
| Keywords: | Country, heterogeneity, missing tier, SDGs, reporting |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:426&r=all |
| By: | Dominique Bianco (LEDi - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dijon [Dijon] - UB - Université de Bourgogne - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]); Evens Salies (OFCE - OFCE - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | Few endogenous growth models have focused attention on the strong Porter hypothesis that stricter environmental policies induce innovations, the benefits of which exceed the costs. A key assumption underlying this hypothesis is that policy strictness pushes firms to overcome some obstacles to profit maximization. This paper incorporates pollution and taxation in the model of Aghion and Griffith (2005) of growth which includes satisficing managers and non-drastic innovation. Our theoretical results predict the strong Porter hypothesis. However, assuming drastic innovation in the model, we predict the weak Porter hypothesis. We also consider several extensions, such as a simultaneous competition policy or a command and control policy. |
| Date: | 2017–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02177939&r=all |
| By: | Luther, Zachary; Swinton, Scott M.; Van Deynze, Braeden |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291257&r=all |
| By: | Sun, Shanxia; Yun, Seong Do; Huang, Ling |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290811&r=all |
| By: | Yehouenou, Lauriane; Grogan, Kelly A. |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291092&r=all |
| By: | Saptorshee Kanto Chakraborty (University of Ferrara, Italy); Massimiliano Mazzanti (University of Ferrara; SEEDS, Italy) |
| Abstract: | We explore the green knowledge production function and human capital spillovers in the OECD region using a latent group structure. The number of groups and the group membership are both unknown, we determine these unknowns using a penalized regression technique in the presence of cross-sectional dependence in error terms and nonstationarity. We find substantial heterogenous groups classified under three distinctive groups and their efficient estimates. We try to model the green knowledge production function with Latent-Group Structures using PPC- base method with one unobserved global non-stationary factor, we find heterogeneous behaviour in green technologies using a Cup-Lasso estimate. Human capital and expenditure in Research and Development plays an important part in our findings |
| Keywords: | Green Innovation, Human Capital Spillover, Gross Research and Development, OECD, C-Lasso |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0719&r=all |
| By: | Taheripour, Farzad; Hertel, Thomas W.; Ramankutty, Navin |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291062&r=all |
| By: | Mathias S. Kruttli; Brigitte Roth Tran; Sumudu W. Watugala |
| Abstract: | We investigate the uncertainty dynamics surrounding extreme weather events through the lens of option and stock markets by identifying market responses to the uncertainty regarding both potential hurricane landfall and subsequent economic impact. Stock options on firms with establishments exposed to the landfall region exhibit increases in implied volatility of 5-10 percent, reflecting impact uncertainty. Using hurricane forecasts, we show that landfall uncertainty and potential impact uncertainty are reflected in prices before landfall. We find no evidence that markets incorporate better hurricane forecasts than those from NOAA. Improvements to hurricane forecasts could have economically significant effects in financial markets. |
| Keywords: | extreme weather events ; uncertainty ; implied volatility ; stock returns ; hurricanes ; climate finance |
| JEL: | G12 Q54 G14 |
| Date: | 2019–07–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2019-54&r=all |
| By: | Shi, Jian; Wu, JunJie |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291121&r=all |
| By: | Amina Said Alsayyad (IPC-IG); Abdel-Hameed Hamdy Nawar (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Depuis l'échéance de 2015 fixée pour atteindre les Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), de nombreux pays sont déjà en bonne voie pour atteindre les Objectifs du développement durable (ODD) qui les ont remplacés. Les dix-sept ODD sont interdépendants et couvrent des problématiques sociales, économiques et environnementales, mais ont également trait à la question de la gouvernance et à la nécessité d'établir des partenariats. Chaque objectif se décline à son tour en une liste de cibles mesurées au moyen d'indicateurs. |
| Keywords: | Hétérogénéité, pays, catégorie, manquante, indicateurs, ODD |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:426&r=all |
| By: | Jacques Fontanel (CESICE - Centre d'études sur la sécurité internationale et les coopérations européennes - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Jean-François Guilhaudis (CESICE - Centre d'études sur la sécurité internationale et les coopérations européennes - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | GDP is the best known and most widely used economic indicator. It is an essential indicator for the analysis of international relations, especially for classifying states in their obsession with the economic growth and development. Yet, even if the economic aggregate does not lack conceptual simplifications that are increasingly difficult to accept, the use that is made of them in international relations is dangerous. The more the environmental and societal issues become worrying, the more the current indicator systems, especially GDP, become unsuitable. They lead to international and national policies expressing an excessive economism that tends to neglect not only the depletion of soils and subsoils, the scarcity of clean air or the situation of the international and national security, but also democratic freedoms, citizen solidarity or cultural influence. It is necessary to construct sets of indicators adapted to the questions posed for the understanding of the international relations as the global power of the States, the economic potential of a country or the "well being" of the citizens. |
| Abstract: | Le PIB est l'indicateur économique le plus connu et le plus utilisé. Il est aussi devenu un indicateur essentiel pour l'analyse des relations internationales, notamment pour classer les Etats dans leur obsession de l'objectif de croissance et de développement économiques. Pourtant, si l'agrégat économique lui-même ne manque pas de simplifications conceptuelles de plus en plus difficiles à accepter, l'usage que l'on en fait dans les relations internationales est dangereux. Plus les questions écologiques et sociétales deviennent inquiétantes et plus les systèmes d'indicateurs actuels, spécialement le PIB, deviennent inadaptés. Ils conduisent les politiques internationales et nationales à s'engager dans un économisme excessif qui tend à négliger non seulement l'épuisement des sols et sous-sols, la raréfaction de l'air pur ou la sécurité internationale et nationale mais aussi les libertés démocratiques, les solidarités citoyennes ou l'influence culturelle. Il faut construire des ensembles d'indicateurs adaptés aux questions posées comme la puissance globale des Etats, le potentiel économique d'un pays ou le bien-être des citoyens. |
| Keywords: | GDP,International relations,power index,public goods,natural resources,PIB,Relations internationales,Puissance des Etats,indicateurs de puissance,biens publics,gaspillage des ressources naturelles. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02197761&r=all |
| By: | Jonathan Goyette (Département d'économique, Université de Sherbrooke); Maroua Smaoui (Département d'économique, Université de Sherbrooke) |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of rising world temperatures on the incidence of civil armed conflicts, focusing on a specific mechanism: the interaction between variations in annual temperatures and variations in agricultural potential. We assemble a dataset from various sources for 172 countries from 1946 till 2014. Agricultural potential is based on the Food and Agricultural Organization’s definition of a country land suitability for growing basic crops. Annual temperature data come from the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia. Data on civil armed conflicts is from the Uppsala Conflict Data Project. Using a fixed-effect approach, our identification strategy is akin to a natural experiment where the exogenous interaction between the temporal variation in temperature within a country and the cross-country variation in agricultural potential allows identifying the effect of this interaction on conflict incidence. The findings indicate that temperature and agricultural potential are substitutes and have offsetting effects on conflict incidence. We find that in a country with low agricultural potential a one degree increase in temperature is associated with a 3% increase in conflict incidence. However, when agricultural potential is high, a one degree increase in temperature is associated with a 5% decrease in conflict incidence. The results are tested against various robustness checks. |
| Keywords: | armed conflict, civil war, climate change, crop suitability, water scarcity, food security |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shr:wpaper:19-02&r=all |
| By: | Khanal, Badri; Fulginiti, Lilyan E.; Perrin, Richard K. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291184&r=all |
| By: | Zhang, Xumin; Khachatryan, Hayk |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290839&r=all |
| By: | Ahmad, Zeeshan; Hussain, Ashtar; Shakeel, Amna |
| Abstract: | Wetlands are recognized for their multi-services and functions they provide of the ecosystem. A better valuation can prevent these wetlands from degradation and away towards wise use. This study which was conducted for the main wetland complexes namely CIWC, MCWC explore the valuation of Pakistan’s wetlands. As study stated many functions namely regulation, carrier, information and production functions according to their characters are valued in US dollar per hectare per year from the secondary sources through value transfer method from international standard of economic benefits and values of wetlands. The aim of the study was to evaluate the monetarized value of Pakistani wetlands for the stopping of degradation and to quantify the direct and indirect economic functions and services for the local as well as non-local people to conclude how Pakistani wetlands like other countries have their monetarized benefits to extract their importance and the wise utilization of these natural assets. The study also recommends the need for many artificial or manmade wetlands. |
| Keywords: | wetlands valuation, Economics Values of Environment |
| JEL: | Q5 Q51 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95260&r=all |
| By: | Edenhofer, Ottmar; Flachsland, Christian; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Knopf, Brigitte; Pahle, Michael |
| Abstract: | Die deutsche Klimapolitik benötigt eine grundlegende Neuausrichtung. Deutschland muss im Rahmen der EU-Lastenteilungsverordnung bis 2030 seine Emissionen im Verkehrs-, Gebäude- und Landwirtschaftssektor sowie in Teilen des Industrie- und Energiesektors um 38 Prozent gegenüber 2005 vermindern, sonst drohen erhebliche Strafzahlungen. Das erfordert einen deutlich steileren CO2-Reduktionspfad als in den vergangenen Jahren. Die Regierung plant daher, bis zum Ende des Jahres ein Klimaschutzgesetz zu verabschieden. Mit der aktuellen Ausrichtung von Energiewende und Klimapolitik kann dieses Ziel allerdings nicht erreicht werden, weil die bestehenden ökonomischen Anreize unzureichend sind und für Investoren und Innovatoren erhebliche Unsicherheiten über die zukünftige Ausrichtung der Klimapolitik bestehen. Außerdem sind die bisherigen Maßnahmen sozial unausgewogen. Der klimapolitische Rahmen muss dringend auf das zentrale Ziel ausgerichtet werden, also das Vermeiden von CO2-Emissionen. Der CO2-Preis sollte zum Leitinstrument der Klimapolitik werden. Gleichzeitig wächst die Unzufriedenheit mit dem unzureichenden klimapolitischen Fortschritt in breiten Teilen der Gesellschaft: Die nationalen Klimaziele für 2020 werden verfehlt. Die Jugend, prominent vertreten durch die "Fridays for Future"-Bewegung, sieht die Lebensgrundlagen ihrer eigenen und künftiger Generationen in Gefahr. Klimaschutz ist zu einem zentralen Thema in der Mitte der Gesellschaft geworden. Daraus ist ein unmittelbarer klimapolitischer Handlungsdruck entstanden, der für eine umfassende Reform der Klimapolitik genutzt werden sollte. Die nötigen Reformen lassen sich nur durch einen Paradigmenwechsel erreichen, bei dem auch die Umwelt- und Klimapolitik an den grundlegenden Prinzipien der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft ausgerichtet wird. Dabei gilt es den Wettbewerb um die günstigsten Vermeidungstechnologien zu fördern, Investitionssicherheit zu stärken, die Gesamtkosten für die Erreichung der Ziele möglichst gering zu halten und die Belastungen gerecht über Haushalte und Unternehmen zu verteilen. Ordnungsrecht und Förderprogramme sollten künftig nur eine ergänzende Rolle einnehmen. Im Zentrum der Neuausrichtung muss eine umfassende und koordinierte Bepreisung der CO2-Emissionen stehen. Die Ausgestaltung einer deutschen CO2-Preisreform sollte von Beginn an als Dreiklang gedacht werden: Erstens muss der Konvergenzpunkt eine europaweit harmonisierte CO2-Bepreisung sein. Zweitens sollte Deutschland als Zwischenschritt zügig eine nationale CO2-Preisreform umsetzen, um seine Ziele im Rahmen der EU-Lastenteilungsverordnung zu erreichen. Drittens sollte die europäische CO2-Preisreform Grundlage für erfolgreiche internationale Klimaverhandlungen werden. Mit dieser Reform haben Deutschland und Europa die Chance, nicht nur die europäische Klimapolitik voranzubringen, sondern auch ihre Position in den internationalen Verhandlungen zu verbessern. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:042019&r=all |
| By: | Garrido, Dolores; Gallardo, Karina |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290835&r=all |
| By: | Chen, Bowen; Dennis, Elliott J.; Featherstone, Allen M. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291144&r=all |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech) |
| Abstract: | This note offers three narratives about the future of coal based electricity generation in Vietnam. "Blazing up" corresponds to the power development plan 7 revised and updated as of March 2019. "Closed window" tells what we think would happen under pure market forces. "Coal peak" tells what could happen if the State continues to steer the electricity system into the energy transition, decisively and without imposing high costs to stakeholders. |
| Date: | 2019–08–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-02263898&r=all |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Venmans, Frank |
| Abstract: | There is a considerable body of evidence showing that our preferences exhibit both reference dependence and loss aversion, a.k.a. the endowment effect. In this paper, we consider the implications of the endowment effect for discounting, with a special focus on discounting future improvements in the environment. We show that the endowment effect modifies the discount rate via (i) an instantaneous endowment effect and (ii) a reference-updating effect. Moreover we show that these two effects often combine to dampen the preference to smooth consumption over time. What this implies for discounting future environmental benefits may then depend critically on whether environmental quality is merely a factor of production of material consumption, or whether it is an amenity. On an increasing path of material consumption, dampened consumption smoothing implies a lower discount rate. But on a declining path of environmental quality and where we derive utility directly from environmental quality, it implies a higher discount rate. On non-monotonic paths, loss aversion specifically can give rise to substantial discontinuities in the discount rate. |
| Keywords: | discounting; endowment effect; environmental discount rate; loss aversion; reference dependence; relative prices; ES/K006576/1 |
| JEL: | D00 D61 H43 Q51 |
| Date: | 2019–02–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:100110&r=all |
| By: | Arora, Gaurav; Feng, Hongli; Hennessy, David A. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290768&r=all |
| By: | Li, Yijia; Khanna, Madhu; Miao, Ruiqing |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290820&r=all |
| By: | Nelson, Kelly; Brown, Zachary S.; Parton, Lee |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291243&r=all |
| By: | Huang, Yu-Kai; Stevens, Reid; Shaw, William D. |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291240&r=all |
| By: | Jaqueline Oliveira; Paula Pereda |
| Abstract: | Business-as-usual climate-change forecasts point to sharp temperature rises and agriculture yield losses in Brazil. We study the impact of these changes on internal migration and population distribution. We employ a spatial equilibrium model in which the climate shapes workers' locational choices through the usual amenity-value channel and the novel indirect channel via agriculture wages. Our simulations reveal that migration rates are 5.9% higher, and that half million more people migrate inter regionally under future climate conditions. Furthermore, climate change will likely exacerbate the country's regional inequalities, as the most developed regions gain population and welfare while the least developed regions lose. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Agriculture Productivity; Internal Migration; Regional Inequality; Spatial Equilibrium. |
| JEL: | O15 Q54 R13 Q51 |
| Date: | 2019–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2019wpecon20&r=all |
| By: | Miller, Noah J.; Tack, Jesse B.; Bergtold, Jason S. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291153&r=all |
| By: | Horan, Richard; Reeling, Carson; Shortle, James S. |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291105&r=all |
| By: | Ho, Sy-Hoa; OUEGHLISSI, Rim; EL FERKTAJI, Riadh |
| Abstract: | The relationship between Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance and economic growth is a controversial topic in economic literature. This paper applies the Granger causality test developed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) with an optimal lag length selection technique proposed by Han et al. (2017) to examine the causality relationship between ESG performance and economic growth for a set of 118 countries over the period 1999-2015. The empirical results show the presence of a bidirectional relationship between environmental and social performance and economic growth, while a unidirectional relationship from governance to growth for all countries. Unlike the clear overall pattern of the full sample results, the empirical evidence for different income groups of countries is mixed. |
| Keywords: | ESG, GDP per capita, Granger causality estimation |
| JEL: | C23 C32 O11 |
| Date: | 2019–07–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95390&r=all |
| By: | Cai, Yi; Xia, Chunping; Wang, Cuicui |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290700&r=all |
| By: | Büdenbender, Ulrich |
| Abstract: | [Anlass für die Analyse] Die Diskussion über notwendige Maßnahmen für den Klimaschutz nimmt weltweit, insbesondere aber auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, an Intensität zu. Hierfür wurden sehr ehrgeizige quantitative Ziele auf der Zeitachse beschlossen, deren Erreichbarkeit fraglich ist. Dies führt generell und insbesondere auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zur Überprüfung bestehender Instrumente und zur Diskussion über deren Erweiterung, wozu auch die Einführung einer CO2-Steuer zählt. Die Thematik wird dadurch befördert, dass eine derartige Steuer bereits in zahlreichen Staaten Europas besteht, vielfach bereits seit vielen Jahren (so in Finnland und Polen seit 1990, in Schweden und Norwegen seit 1991)1. Der Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung ist mit der Erstellung eines Sondergutachtens zu der Frage befasst, ob die Einführung einer CO2-Steuer aus ökonomischer Sicht unter Berücksichtigung der ökologischen Gegebenheiten sinnvoll ist. Das Sondergutachten wird der Bundesregierung am 12.7.2019 übergeben. Für die Erstellung dieses Gutachtens sind verschiedene rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen zu beachten, die einerseits die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten begrenzen, dabei jedoch andererseits noch vielfältige Varianten für eine mögliche Einführung bestehen lassen. Auf Bitte des Sachverständigenrates legt der Verfasser eine Analyse zu den einschlägigen Rechtsfragen vor. Im Folgenden wird der Einfachheit halber anstelle von Treibhausgasen nur von CO2 gesprochen. In der Sache wird mit dieser Formulierung die Gesamtheit der Treibhausgase erfasst, dem Geltungsanspruch des Zertifikatehandels und der sinnvollen Reichweite einer etwa eingeführten CO2-Steuer entsprechend. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:052019&r=all |