|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Geoffrey J. Blanford; Christoph Weissbart |
| Abstract: | The long-run development of power markets will be deeply affected by the gradual substitution of fossil fuel-based generation technologies by renewable energy technologies (RES). However, the intermittent supply of RES, in combination with the temporal non-homogeneity of electricity demand, limits the competitiveness of renewable energies (Joskow, 2011). We develop a partial-equilibrium model of the European power market that contributes with a framework for capturing the temporal and spatial variability of RES. Furthermore, we differentiate wind and solar technologies by different quality classes and contribute with a routine for using meteorological data to approximate the temporal availability of renewable energy technologies. The composite of all these RES features allows then for a detailed representation of RES and their implicit substitution elasticity with fossil fuel-based technologies. Our results for the long-run electricity generation path of the European power market show that, under an 80% CO2 emissions reduction scenario until 2050, renewable energy technologies become the main technologies that will meet the demand. The 2050 generation share of wind and solar power combined is around 40%. However, with the detailed depiction of their temporal and spatial characteristics, we identify that gas power is necessary as a complement to compensate for their intermittent supply, which requires in turn the utilization of carbon capture and storage to adhere to the climate target. |
| Keywords: | European power market, investment planning, energy modeling, renewable energies |
| JEL: | C61 L94 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_307&r=all |
| By: | Matilde Giaccherini (CEIS, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"); Joanna Kopinska (CEIS, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"); Alessandro Palma (University of Naples Parthenope & CEIS University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | We investigate unequal effects of daily particulate matter (PM) concentrations on Italian hospitalizations by exploiting daily episodes of public transportation strikes as an instrumental variable for pollution exposure. We find that higher PM concentrations increase the number of urgent respiratory admissions, with a larger penalty for the young, the elderly, the less educated and migrants from low income countries. Moreover, we show that hospitalizations resulting from higher PM concentrations are not only more likely to occur, but in the case of asthma and COPD, they are also more complex. In order to appreciate the heterogeneity of our results, we show how municipalities with different age structures and PM exposure levels face a similar hospitalization burden. Our study suggests that effective mitigation policies should account for the socio-economic gradient in the health effects of air pollution. |
| Keywords: | health effects of air pollution, environmental inequality, public transportation strikes, hospitalization costs |
| JEL: | I14 I18 J45 J52 L91 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2019–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:467&r=all |
| By: | Uchenna Efobi (Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria); Tanankem Belmondo (MINEPAT, Yaoundé, Cameroon); Emmanuel Orkoh (North-West University, South Africa); Scholastica N. Atata (Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Nigeri); Opeyemi Akinyemi (Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria); Ibukun Beecroft (Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This study provides a comprehensive assessment of firms’ operation and environmental protection polices in Nigeria and Ghana, where there has been a rising industrial growth amidst low regulatory and institutional frameworks. We analyze the extents to which firms’ adoption of environmental protection policies affect their performances. We use firm-level data of 842 firms (447 for Nigeria and 395 for Ghana) distributed across different regions of both countries for our descriptive and econometric estimations. We find, among other things, that firms’ adoption of internal policies on environmental protection is dismally low in both Nigeria (32 percent) and Ghana (17 percent), with policies focused on reducing solid (38 percent, Nigeria; and 35 percent, Ghana), gaseous (22 percent, Nigeria; and 44 percent, Ghana), and liquid (24 percent, Nigeria; and 14 percent, Ghana) pollution. Training appears to be an important intervention that can help improve firms’ adoption of such policies. We also found that firms’ adoption and implementation of environmental protection policies significantly improve their performance. |
| Keywords: | Environment; Green Industrialization; Performance; Pollution; Small Businesses; West Africa |
| JEL: | H32 L25 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abh:wpaper:18/050&r=all |
| By: | Stefan Mittnik; Willi Semmler; Alexander Haider |
| Abstract: | Recent research in financial economics has shown that rare large disasters have the potential to disrupt financial sectors via the destruction of capital stocks and jumps in risk premia. These disruptions often entail negative feedback e?ects on the macroecon-omy. Research on disaster risks has also actively been pursued in the macroeconomic models of climate change. Our paper uses insights from the former work to study disaster risks in the macroeconomics of climate change and to spell out policy needs. Empirically the link between carbon dioxide emission and the frequency of climate re-lated disaster is investigated using cross-sectional and panel data. The modeling part then uses a multi-phase dynamic macro model to explore this causal nexus and the e?ects of rare large disasters resulting in capital losses and rising risk premia. Our proposed multi-phase dynamic model, incorporating climate-related disaster shocks and their aftermath as one phase, is suitable for studying mitigation and adaptation policies. |
| Date: | 2019–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:19/145&r=all |
| By: | Nicolò Barbieri (University of Ferrara; SEEDS, Italy); Alberto Marzucchi (SPRU, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex (UK)); Ugo Rizzo (University of Ferrara, and SEEDS, Italy) |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the nature and impact of green technological change. We focus on the search and impact spaces of green inventions: we explore the knowledge recombination processes leading to the generation of inventions and their impact on subsequent technological developments. Using a large sample of patents, filed during the period 1980-2012, we employ established patent indicators to capture the complexity, novelty and impact of the invention process. Technological heterogeneity is controlled for by comparing green and non-green technologies within narrow technological domains. We find that green technologies are more complex and appear to be more novel than non-green technologies. In addition, they have a larger and more pervasive impact on subsequent inventions. The larger spillovers of green technologies are explained only partially by novelty and complexity. |
| Keywords: | environmental inventions, patent data, knowledge recombination, knowledge impact |
| JEL: | O33 O34 Q55 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0819&r=all |
| By: | Phiri, Andrew |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of the business cycle on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for the Eswatini Kingdom over the period 1970 – 2014. To this end, we employ the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) model to capture the long-run and short-run cointegration effects between economic activity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over different phases of the business cycle. Our findings reveal that economic activity only degrades the environment during upswing of the economic cycle whilst this relationship is insignificant during downswing of the cycle. We specifically compute a value of $3.57 worth of output been gained at the cost of a metric unit of emissions during economic expansionary phases. Altogether, these results insinuate much needed government intervention in the market for emissions via environmental tax reforms (ETR) which should be designed with countercyclical bias towards upswing the business cycle. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth; Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Business cycles; Nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) model; Eswatini; Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). |
| JEL: | C13 C51 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94993&r=all |
| By: | Alessi, Lucia (European Commission); Ossola, Elisa (European Commission); Panzica, Roberto (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | This study provides evidence on the existence of a negative Greenium, i.e. a green risk premium, based on European individual stock returns and portfolios. By defining a green factor which is priced by the market, we offer a tool to assess a portfolio exposure to climate risk and hedge against it. We estimate that even in a rather benign scenario, there would be losses at the global level, including for European large banks, should they fail to price the Greenium. By halving the exposure to carbon-intensive sectors, losses would be reduced by 30%. These results call for the introduction of carbon stress tests for systemically important institutions |
| Keywords: | climate risk, ESG disclosure, factor models, asset pricing, stress test |
| JEL: | G01 G11 G12 Q01 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:201912&r=all |
| By: | Shengbo FENG (Energy Research Institute, China Academy of Macroeconomic Research, The National Development and Reform Commission); Masashi TAKETANI (Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University); Yanmin HE (Faculty of economics, Otemon Gakuin University); Tun-Yen WANG (Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University) |
| Abstract: | China already set up national target for carbon emission control before 2030. Based on experience of former target allocation, the way of both local voluntary commitments and negotiation between the central government and local governments to allocate the targets would help local governments set up energy conservation and carbon emission control initiatives. A target decomposition scheme is thus developed in this study. Combining the anticipation for the economic and social development situation during 2021-2030, the initial idea of decomposition mechanism of carbon emission control target is suggested. |
| Keywords: | carbon emission control, target decomposition, index evaluation system, clustering analysis |
| JEL: | O13 O38 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kyo:wpaper:1011&r=all |
| By: | LE BOENNEC, Rémy; SALLADARRE, Frédéric |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the way air pollution and noise may affect the well-being of the inhabitants of Nantes, France, designated the European Green Capital in 2013. We use a database compiling certain attributes of the houses that exchanged hands and their price. In order to understand the complex relationships that can exist between explanatory variables and housing price, we consider not only the direct effects of air pollution and noise on the price of around 3,000 houses sold in Nantes and its metropolitan area from 2002 to 2008, but also the way some location attributes of the dwellings may affect air pollution and noise. We demonstrate that even if air pollution may be affected by some location characteristics of the house, this variable has no significant impact on the price, in the end. Noise is affected by the location of the house and exerts some significant effect on housing price. However, whilst air pollution does not impact at a global level, people who have lived in an air polluted county before coming to Nantes are sensitive to air quality, whereas those who come from a low air polluted county tend to choose low noise exposure dwellings. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, noise pollution, housing location, housing price |
| JEL: | D62 Q51 Q53 R31 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94995&r=all |
| By: | Pierre Alexandre Willot (SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Pierre-Alexandre Willot; Joel Aubin (SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Jean-Michel Salles (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Aurélie Wilfart (SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST) |
| Abstract: | The ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) considers ecosystem services (ES) important but does not provide a conceptual framework or a typology to integrate and assess them. To supplement the EAA, a literature review of the ES conceptual framework and ES typologies was combined with selected criteria from the EAA and ES literature. Eight criteria of transition from a conventional approach to aquaculture to the EAA were used as selection criteria to choose a conceptual framework of ES relevant with the EAA. To select a typology, we determined that ES must be distinguished from benefits, be a part of nature, be usable directly and indirectly, and not contain support or habitat ES. The conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the most compatible with the EAA but does not provide an ES typology. The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) provides the ES typology most consistent with EAA criteria to supplement the conceptual framework. We identified 10 provisioning ES, 20 regulation and maintenance ES, and 11 cultural ES. Integration of the IPBES conceptual framework with the CICES typology preserves the generic approach of the EAA. This integration could highlight the main interactions among an aquaecosystem, its ES supply, its management, and its relevant stakeholders at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Moreover, it fulfils the three main goals of the EAA by identifying them in a clear and common framework. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem approach to aquaculture,aquaculture,ecosystem services,sustainable aquaculture,integration |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02172389&r=all |
| By: | Hoang, Trung; Le, Duong; Nguyen, Ha; Vuong, Nguyen |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290963&r=all |
| By: | Tanner, Sophia; Lupi, Frank; Garnache, Cloe |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290823&r=all |
| By: | Margaux Lapierre (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Alexandre Sauquet (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Subervie Julie (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | In 2008, the French government announced an important shift in agricultural policy, calling for halving the use of pesticides in the next ten years. Since then, it has spent 40 million euros a year on implementing the so-called Ecophyto plan. In this paper, we evaluate the success of this program, focusing on its flagship scheme, which has provided technical assistance to 3,000 volunteer pilot farms since 2011. To do so, we use panel data collected from a representative sample of vineyards: the agricultural systems known as the largest users of pesticides. We use a slate of quasi-experimental approaches to estimate the impact of participation in the program on pesticide use and crop yields on enrolled vineyards. We find that participants have achieved reductions in pesticide use that ranges from 8 to 22 percent, thanks to the program. We moreover find that the reduction in the use of chemicals was accompanied by an increase in the use of biocontrol products. Finally, we find that this change of practices resulted in a reduction in yields for a fraction of enrolled farms while others seems to have maintained yields. Although below the expectations of the French government, these results seem rather encouraging, as they suggest that technical assistance alone can be effective in reducing significantly pesticide use in the agricultural sector. |
| Keywords: | Treatment effect,Pesticides,Technical assistance,Farming practices |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpceem:hal-02190979&r=all |
| By: | Jonas Teusch (OECD); Nils Axel Braathen (OECD) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a concrete example of how policy analysts can use empirical programme evaluation studies to perform ex-post assessments of environmentally related tax policies. A number of studies credibly identify causal effects of environmentally related tax policies, but do not necessarily provide all the information needed to fully inform the policy-making process. This paper argues that cost-benefit analysis (CBA) could enrich ex-post assessments of environmentally related tax policies, given that CBA provides decision makers with a broader perspective of social costs and benefits and allows the identification of potential trade-offs among policy objectives. |
| Keywords: | Bonus/malus policies, Cost-benefit analysis, Environmental Taxes, Feebates, Quantitative Policy Evaluation, Vehicle Purchase Taxes |
| JEL: | D61 D62 H23 H31 |
| Date: | 2019–08–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:150-en&r=all |
| By: | Griffith-Jones, Stephany; Leistner, Samuel |
| Abstract: | This discussion paper examines how private capital can be mobilised for sustainable infrastructure, with particular reference to the newly created Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (NDB), also known as the BRICS Bank. These banks are an important addition to the development finance architecture. The paper provides an overview of how development banks can mitigate the global investment gap in the area of sustainable infrastructure through targeted lending and various financial instruments. The paper builds on the experiences of the European Investment Bank – as well as multilateral and other regional and national development banks – to draw possible lessons for the AIIB and the NDB. In particular, various instruments for mobilising private capital that complement the traditional credit financing of ecologically sustainable infrastructure are examined. Although environmentally sustainable infrastructure is currently not always the most cost-effective option in many countries, it is important to make the right investment decisions now, as investments in infrastructure projects are locked-in for the long term; this applies, in particular, to renewable energy projects with their long lifecycles. Targeted financing by development banks allows for the realisation of projects that are currently not attractive enough for financing from private investors alone, and helps to avoid a long-term commitment of capital to non-sustainable infrastructure. Mechanisms presented to support environmentally sustainable infrastructure investments include the application of shadow carbon prices, the European Investment Bank’s Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund, and the Co-Lending Portfolio Programme, which is managed by the International Finance Corporation. This discussion paper is based not only on the authors’ literature and experiences to date, but also on a large number of personal interviews with senior executives held in Luxembourg, Washington, DC, London and (by telephone) Paris. |
| Keywords: | Handel und Investitionen,Internationales Finanzsystem |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:182018&r=all |
| By: | Schwabe, Kurt A.; Nemati, Mehdi; Amin, Refat |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291261&r=all |
| By: | Dombrowsky, Ines; Lkhagvadorj, Ariunaa; Schoderer, Mirja |
| Abstract: | In the last decade, Mongolia has undergone parallel processes of institutionalising River Basin Organisations (RBOs) and of fiscal decentralisation. River basin management calls for managing water resources at the river basin level in order to promote a sustainable resource use. However, often RBOs remain underfunded. Fiscal decentralisation involves shifting certain fiscal responsibilities to lower levels of government. Against this background, the paper asks whether fiscal decentralisation supports or counteracts river basin management in the Mongolian case. The paper finds that at the sub-national level, a high number of actors are involved in water governance. Despite a broad division of labour, a high level of overlap exists in terms of data management; monitoring water resources, water uses and law implementation; law enforcement; and to a certain degree the implementation of measures among these actors. In terms of financing water governance, River Basin Authorities (RBAs) are primarily financed through the national budget and Aimag (province-level) Environmental Authorities (AEAs) through sub-national province budgets. However, uncertainties exist regarding the allocation of water-use fees. In practice, available funds to RBAs only cover fixed costs. AEAs have somewhat higher budgets, but do not necessarily use these funds for water-related projects or earmark water-use fees. Inconsistent legal provisions on water-use fees have led to competition between AEAs and RBAs, but also to first collaborative arrangements. We conclude that in Mongolia, fiscal decentralisation and river basin management are, so far, hardly mutually supportive and recommend a number of legal and financial adjustments. Key words: River basin management, fiscal decentralisation, funding water governance, water use fees, Mongolia |
| Keywords: | Governance,Wasser |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:102018&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroon); Nicholas M. Odhiambo (Pretoria, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study examines if enhancing ICT reduces inequality in 48 countries in Africa for the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indictors are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. The adopted ICT indicators include: mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. Enhancing internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions have a net effect on reducing the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index, whereas increasing mobile phone penetration and internet penetration reduces the Palma ratio. Policy implications are discussed in the light of challenges to Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Keywords: | ICT; Inclusive development; Africa; Sustainable development |
| JEL: | G20 I10 I32 O40 O55 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abh:wpaper:18/054&r=all |
| By: | Joseph I. Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda N. Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | While women are often key actors in fisheries, they are commonly excluded from making fisheries management decisions, often due to cultural norms. The objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of a new CSR model of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on development of women in small-scale fisheries in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of eight hundred artisanal fisherwomen were sampled across the coastal communities of Niger Delta. Results from the use of logit model indicate that artisanal fisherwomen have remained widely excluded from the General Memorandum of Understandings (GMoUs) interventions in small-scale fisheries due to cultural norms of the people. This implies that if the cultural norms of the Niger Delta communities continue to restrain direct participation of the artisanal fisherwomen from GMoUs’ intervention, achieving gender equity and cultural change would be limited in the region. The findings suggest that since fisheries, which is the traditional source of livelihood of the people are no longer viable and have significantly declined due to environmental oil degradation, GMoUs’ intervention structure could focus on women playing key roles in fisheries management and conservation decision in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | Inequality; Corporate social responsibility; Multinational oil companies |
| JEL: | G20 I10 I32 O40 O55 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abh:wpaper:18/059&r=all |
| By: | Głuszak, Michał; Gawlik, Remigiusz; Zięba, Małgorzata |
| Abstract: | In the paper, we investigate the role of smart building or green building innovations on the Polish real estate market using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method on the group of experts (consultants, managers, brokers) that are active on the office market in Krakow (study area). The findings point towards the highest relevance of the localisation factor, but also at the relatively low importance of the features of a sustainable building: building automation and information technology systems, as well as energy efficiency or certification. The findings suggest that despite the growing interest in sustainability and technological advancement amongst office market participants in Krakow, the relative importance of smart and green building features in their decision-making processes is relatively low. The study has some interesting practical implications. The knowledge regarding the relative importance of decision criteria can be valuable for developers and investors because the anticipation of tenants’ expectations is directly linked with return on investment and innovation premiums. |
| Keywords: | sustainable real estate; office market; smart building; green building; Industry 4.0; analytic hierarchy process; MCDM; |
| JEL: | C44 O33 R33 |
| Date: | 2019–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95279&r=all |
| By: | Joaquim Guilhoto; Geoffrey Hewings; Nick Johnstone; Colin Webb; Norihiko Yamano |
| Abstract: | Drawing on the 2018 update of OECD’s Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database, this paper explores the evolution of trade in value added (TiVA) between 2005 and 2015. Changes in international production systems are examined with particular attention given to four key sectors heavily integrated into global value chains (GVCs): Textiles and Apparel; Chemicals; ICT and Electronics; and, Motor Vehicles. Some insights into the roles played by services sectors and non-residents’ expenditure and, the employment and environmental impacts of GVCs, are also provided.Considerable heterogeneity across countries and regions is revealed, particularly for East and Southeast Asian where China plays a key role. Services are increasingly important for manufactured exporting activities as well as for countries wishing to “upgrade” their activities to higher value added stages of production. Taking a consumption perspective suggests that national efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be affected by international outsourcing of production. |
| Keywords: | CO2 Emissions Embodied in Trade, Inter-Country Input-Output, International Trade, Trade in Employment, Trade in Value Added |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F16 F18 R15 C67 |
| Date: | 2019–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2019/04-en&r=all |
| By: | - |
| Keywords: | CONFERENCIAS, ENVEJECIMIENTO, POLITICA SOCIAL, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, CONFERENCES, AGEING, SOCIAL POLICY, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT |
| Date: | 2019–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:44673&r=all |
| By: | Silvia Blasi (Department of Economics and Management, University of Padova); Lorenzo (Tria s.r.l); Silvia Rita Sedita (Department of Economics and Management, University of Padova) |
| Abstract: | This research aims at exploring if there is a convergence between the concepts of fashion and eco-friendliness in the consumer perception of a fashion brand. In particular, we assume that an increase in the eco-friendly perception will influence the brand image positively, being this impact much higher for luxury than for high and fast fashion brands. The hypotheses are tested using Twitter data. We analysed all fashion clothing brands with the highest number of followers included in the Socialbakers list and applied a novel social network mining methodology that allows measuring the relationship between each brand and two perceptual attributes (fashion and eco-friendliness). The method is based on the notion of attribute exemplars, which are Twitter accounts that exemplify the attributes. Our exemplars catalyse social media conversations on fashion (identified by the keywords fashion, glamour and style) and eco-friendliness (keywords: environment and ethical business). We computed a similarity function between the followers of the exemplars and those of the brand, based on social network analysis theory. The results suggest that there is a correlation between the fashion and the eco-friendliness perceptual attributes of a brand; this correlation, though, is far stronger for luxury brands than for high and fast fashion brands. The difference in the correlations confirms the tendency of fashion luxury firms over the last few years to consider dealing with environmental issues more and more as a core business and not just as an added value to the firm’s offer. |
| Keywords: | Fashion brands, Twitter, consumer perception, environment, ethical business, brand image |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pad:wpaper:0237&r=all |
| By: | Kagoya, Sarah; Bhatta, Dependra; Paudel, Krishna P.; Liu, Kai |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290723&r=all |
| By: | Li, Xiaoyu; Klaiber, Allen; Gopalakrishnan, Sathya |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290824&r=all |
| By: | Jayasekera, Deshamithra H W; Wrenn, Douglas H.; Fisher-Vanden, Karen |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291115&r=all |
| By: | Davinson Stev Abril Salcedo; Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia (Banco de la República de Colombia); Daniel Parra-Amado (Banco de la República de Colombia) |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events, like a strong El Niño (ENSO), affect society in many different ways especially in the context of recent globe warming. In the Colombian case, ENSO had a significant impact on consumer food prices during the strongest event in 2015-16. Our research evaluates the relationship between ENSO and Colombian food inflation growth by using a smooth transition non-linear model. We estimate the impacts of a strong ENSO on food inflation growth by adopting Generalized Impulse Response Functions (GIRFs) and the results suggest that the weather shocks are transitory and asymmetric on inflation. A strong El Niño shock has a significate effect on the food inflation growth from six to nine months after the shock and the accumulated elasticity is close to 465 basic points. We build the GIRFs for eight different episodes associated with a strong El Niño in the period corresponding from March 1962 to December 2018 and there is no evidence of changes in the size of Colombian food inflation growth responses over time. **** RESUMEN: Eventos extremos del clima como El Niño (ENSO) fuerte afectan la sociedad de diferentes maneras en especial en el reciente contexto de calentamiento global. En 2015-16, se observó el evento de El Niño más fuerte en los últimos cien años el cual presentó un impacto significativo sobre los precios de alimentos al consumidor en el caso colombiano. El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa la relación entre ENSO y el crecimiento de la inflación de alimentos para el consumidor en Colombia usando un modelo no lineal de transición suave y estimando funciones de impulso respuesta generalizadas (GIRFs). Los resultados sugieren que dichos choques climáticos son transitorios y asimétricos sobre la inflación. Así, El Niño fuerte tiene un impacto significativo sobre el crecimiento de la inflación de alimentos entre seis y nueve meses después del choque climático y la elasticidad acumulada es 465 puntos básicos. Adicionalmente, se construyeron GIRFs para ocho diferentes episodios de tiempo asociados con un fenómeno de El Niño fuerte que se observaron entre marzo de 1962 y diciembre de 2018 y se encontró que no hay evidencia estadística de cambios en el tamaño de las respuestas del crecimiento de la inflación de alimentos en Colombia a través del tiempo. |
| Keywords: | El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), non-linear smooth transition models, inflation, El Niño-Oscilación del Sur, modelos no lineales de transición suave, inflación, |
| JEL: | C32 C50 E31 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1085&r=all |
| By: | Dennis, Elliott J.; Hefley, Trevor; Tack, Jesse B.; Hendricks, Nathan P. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291166&r=all |
| By: | Plastina, Alejandro; Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel; Lence, Sergio H. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291203&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Jongwoo; Mason, Nicole M.; Mather, David |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290878&r=all |
| By: | Rouhi Rad, Mani; Manning, Dale; Suter, Jordan F.; Goemans, Christopher |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291252&r=all |
| By: | Chen, Xiaoguang; Wang, Weiwei; Oliver, Anthony; Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291238&r=all |
| By: | Steinbach, Armin; Valta, Matthias |
| Abstract: | Der klimapolitische Handlungsdruck hat eine Instrumentendiskussion entfacht. So plausibel die Forderung nach CO2-Bepreisung der Energieträger zu sein scheint, so heterogen ist das Spektrum möglicher Regelungsansätze. Die Vielzahl wirtschaftspolitischer Empfehlungen hat den Rechtsrahmen, in dem sich die Instrumentendiskussion bewegt, bislang kaum in den Blick genommen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Instrumente nach Maßgabe der steuer-, haushalts-, finanzverfassungs- und europarechtlichen Vorgaben. Es zeigt sich, dass die aktuell diskutierten Reformschritte zur CO2-Bepreisung überwiegend im Einklang mit den Rechtsrahmen ausgestaltet werden könnten. Bei den Kompensationsmaßnahmen verengen sich die zur Verfügung stehenden Optionen unter rechtlichen und praktischen Gesichtspunkten. |
| Keywords: | CO2-Bepreisung,Kompensation,Rechtsrahmen,Klimaschutz |
| JEL: | H23 K32 K34 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diceop:101&r=all |
| By: | Saeed Nosratabadi; Amir Mosavi; Shahaboddin Shamshirband; Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas; Andry Rakotonirainy; Kwok Wing Chau |
| Abstract: | The concept of the sustainable business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value, in economic, social, cultural, or other contexts, in a sustainable way. The process of sustainable business model construction forms an innovative part of a business strategy. Different industries and businesses have utilized sustainable business models concept to satisfy their economic, environmental, and social goals simultaneously. However, the success, popularity, and progress of sustainable business models in different application domains are not clear. To explore this issue, this research provides a comprehensive review of sustainable business models literature in various application areas. Notable sustainable business models are identified and further classified in fourteen unique categories, and in every category, the progress -- either failure or success -- has been reviewed, and the research gaps are discussed. Taxonomy of the applications includes innovation, management and marketing, entrepreneurship, energy, fashion, healthcare, agri-food, supply chain management, circular economy, developing countries, engineering, construction and real estate, mobility and transportation, and hospitality. The key contribution of this study is that it provides an insight into the state of the art of sustainable business models in the various application areas and future research directions. This paper concludes that popularity and the success rate of sustainable business models in all application domains have been increased along with the increasing use of advanced technologies. |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1907.10052&r=all |
| By: | Eloi Laurent (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques) |
| Abstract: | Le Grand débat national s’est achevé le 8 avril dernier sur un bien maigre programme d’action pour la transition écologique : dans son discours de « restitution », le Premier ministre en est resté au stade du constat, en reconnaissant « l’exigence de l’urgence climatique ». C’est le 25 avril que le Président de la République annonce une méthode originale pour enfin avancer sur ce chantier crucial : la convention citoyenne. Il est capital pour le succès de cette entreprise que les 150 citoyennes et citoyens tirés au sort dans les semaines qui viennent pour soumettre au Parlement et au Gouvernement des propositions concrètes de politique publique soient correctement informés sur l’état réel de la transition écologique en France. De ce point de vue, cela commence mal. |
| Keywords: | Transition écologique; Urgence climatique |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/3i81fhs7fi8pupq5ijeefb3i5l&r=all |