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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Liu, Liyuan; Peng, Fei |
| Abstract: | Environmental protection against pollution has become a common issue faced by the whole world. In the case of the international cooperation on controlling the environmental pollution, the developing and developed countries have different understanding on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. This paper has set up an optimal pollution controlling model for the developing and developed countries to incorporate environmental protection and economic growth. Based on a dynamic differential game, we find that the increasing environmental expenditure of developed countries in the initial stage of the economic growth path of the developing country can stimulate more international cooperation on pollution controlling. The developing and developed countries can control the environment pollution without significant loss of social welfare. |
| Keywords: | Environment pollution; Economic growth; Game theory |
| JEL: | C71 O44 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76261&r=env |
| By: | Pizer, William; Tavoni, Massimo; Reis, Lara; Akimoto, Keigo; Aldy, Joseph Edgar; Blanford, Geoffrey; Carraro, Carlo; Clarke, Leon; Edmonds, James; Iyer, Gokul; McJeon, Haewon; Richels, Richard; Rose, Steven; Sano, Fuminori |
| Abstract: | The Paris Agreement culminates a six-year transition toward an international climate policy architecture based on parties submitting national pledges every five years. An important policy task will be to assess and compare these contributions. We use four integrated assessment models to produce metrics of Paris Agreement pledges, and show differentiated effort across countries: wealthier countries pledge to undertake greater emission reductions with higher costs. The pledges fall in the lower end of the distributions of the social cost of carbon (SCC) and the cost-minimizing path to limiting warming to 2⠰C, suggesting insufficient global ambition in light of leaders’ climate goals. Countries’ marginal abatement costs vary by two orders of magnitude, illustrating that large efficiency gains are available through joint mitigation efforts and/or carbon price coordination. Marginal costs rise almost proportionally with income, but full policy costs reveal more complex regional patterns due to terms of trade effects. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hrv:hksfac:29914190&r=env |
| By: | Joseph S. Shapiro (Cowles Foundation, Yale University); David A. Keiser (Iowa State University & NBER) |
| Abstract: | Since the 1972 U.S. Clean Water Act, government and industry have invested over $1 trillion to abate water pollution, or $100 per person-year. Over half of U.S. stream and river miles, however, still violate pollution standards. We use the most comprehensive set of files ever compiled on water pollution and its determinants, including 50 million pollution readings from 170,000 monitoring sites, to study water pollution’s trends, causes, and welfare consequences. We have three main findings. First, water pollution concentrations have fallen substantially since 1972, though were declining at faster rates before then. Second, the Clean Water Act’s grants to municipal wastewater treatment plants caused some of these declines. Third, the grants’ estimated effects on housing values are generally smaller than the grants’ costs. |
| Keywords: | Clean Water Act, Pollution regulation, Water quality, Cost benefit analysis, Cost effectiveness analysis, Hedonic models, Fiscal federalism, Infrastructure |
| JEL: | H23 H54 H70 Q50 R31 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2070&r=env |
| By: | David A. Keiser; Joseph S. Shapiro |
| Abstract: | Since the 1972 U.S. Clean Water Act, government and industry have invested over $1 trillion to abate water pollution, or $100 per person-year. Over half of U.S. stream and river miles, however, still violate pollution standards. We use the most comprehensive set of files ever compiled on water pollution and its determinants, including 50 million pollution readings from 170,000 monitoring sites, to study water pollution's trends, causes, and welfare consequences. We have three main findings. First, water pollution concentrations have fallen substantially since 1972, though were declining at faster rates before then. Second, the Clean Water Act's grants to municipal wastewater treatment plants caused some of these declines. Third, the grants' estimated effects on housing values are generally smaller than the grants' costs. |
| Keywords: | H23, H54, H70, Q50, R31 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:17-07&r=env |
| By: | Tobon Orozco, David; Molina Guerra, Carlos; Vargas Cano, John Harvey |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a general equilibrium model to analyze the influence that a contaminating sector has on a natural system’s capacity of resilience, the provision of a public utility service and social welfare, in which the level and capacity to respond to resilience are uncertain, so a probability distribution for the growing loss of resilience with pollution going from a prudent state to an imprudent is defined. And examines first the incidence of expected Pigouvian taxes and finds that these taxes are not enough to maintain resilience because of the cumulative effect of pollution and also that society prefers a prudent tax. Furthermore, the transaction of Permits for Environmental Services (PES) between sector that provides the public utility service and the contaminating sector is allowed. This shows a redistribution of resources very much in favor of the contaminating sector, and there are no incentives to invest in these payments unless the affected have additional objectives for the maximization of private benefit. |
| Keywords: | Contaminación ambiental, incertidumbre, resiliencia, modelo de equilibrio general, impuestos pigouvianos, pagos por servicios ambientales |
| JEL: | D58 H21 Q56 |
| Date: | 2016–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000196:015258&r=env |
| By: | Simon Dietz; Nicoleta Anca Matei |
| Abstract: | Many investments involve both a long time-horizon and risky returns. Making investment decisions thus requires assumptions about time and risk preferences. Such assumptions are frequently contested, particularly in the public sector, and there is no immediate prospect of universal agreement. Motivated by these observations, we develop a theory and method of finding ‘spaces for agreement’. These are combinations of classes of discount and utility function, for which one investment dominates another (or ‘almost’ does so), so that all decision-makers whose preferences can be represented by such combinations would agree on the option to be chosen. The theory is built on combining the insights of stochastic dominance on the one hand, and time dominance on the other, thus offering a nonparametric approach to inter-temporal, risky choice. We go on to apply the theory to the controversy over climate policy evaluation and show with the help of a popular simulation model that, in fact, even tough carbon emissions targets would be chosen by almost everyone, barring those with arguably ‘extreme’ preferences. |
| Keywords: | almost stochastic dominance; climate change; discounting; integrated assessment; project appraisal; risk aversion; stochastic dominance; time dominance; time-stochastic dominance |
| JEL: | D61 H43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2016–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:64182&r=env |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (UK Department of Economics, University of Sussex, UK; Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; CESifo, Munich, Germany) |
| Abstract: | First-best climate policy is a uniform carbon tax which gradually rises over time. Civil servants have complicated climate policy to expand bureaucracies, politicians to create rents. Environmentalists have exaggerated climate change to gain influence, other activists have joined the climate bandwagon. Opponents to climate policy have attacked the weaknesses in climate research. The climate debate is convoluted and polarized as a result, and climate policy complex. Climate policy should become easier and more rational as the Paris Agreement has shifted climate policy back towards national governments. Changing political priorities, austerity, and a maturing bureaucracy should lead to a more constructive climate debate. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy; political economy |
| JEL: | F53 P16 Q54 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:09616&r=env |
| By: | Nelson, Gerald C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats16:252438&r=env |
| By: | A. Antoci; S. Borghesi; G. Iannucci |
| Abstract: | This paper studies environmental corruption via a random matching evolutionary game be- tween a population of firms and a population of bureaucrats who have to decide whether to release a “green” license to the firms. A firm obtains the license if the bureaucrat checks that it complies with environmental regulations, otherwise it is sanctioned. The model assumes that there are two types of bureaucrats (honest and dishonest), two types of firms (com- pliant and non-compliant), and two possible crimes (corruption and extortion). Corruption occurs when a dishonest bureaucrat accepts a bribe from a non-compliant firm, while extor- tion occurs when a dishonest bureaucrat claims a bribe from a compliant firm. When there is no dominance of strategies, we show that there exist two bistable regimes, in which two attractive stationary states exist, and two regimes with an internal stable equilibrium, corre- sponding to the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the one-shot static game, surrounded by closed trajectories. From comparative statics analysis performed on the latter two dynamic regimes, it emerges that policy instruments may help the Public Administration reduce both corruption and extortion, although increasing sanctions and detection probability do not al- ways get the desired results. |
| Keywords: | Bureaucratic corruption,Evolutionary games,Environmental regulations,Eco- nomics of crime. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:201615&r=env |
| By: | Paqueo, Vicente B.; Israel, Danilo C. |
| Abstract: | Years of rapid and indiscriminate logging of Philippine forests, coupled with little reforestation, have led to more frequent, widespread, and damaging natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and other environmental damages. With strong political will and noble intentions, President Benigno S. Aquino III issued Executive Order 23 (EO 23) in 2011. This order sought to protect the country's natural forests by imposing a total ban over logging activities and imposing stronger measures against illegal cutting. Unfortunately, EO 23 intensified the rent-seeking behavior among the regulating agencies and has led to damaging unintended economic and social consequences without accomplishing much of its avowed objectives. Moreover, there are other potentially more effective ways of protecting Philippine forests. On this score, would it possible to achieve a win-win strategy where natural forests are effectively protected without paralyzing the wood industry that provides incomes and jobs? |
| Keywords: | Philippines, deforestation, wood industry, Caraga, forest products, log ban, Executive Order 23, natural forest, illegal logging |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2016-51&r=env |
| By: | Moore, Frances C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats16:252437&r=env |
| By: | Sharat Ganapati (Dept. of Economics, Yale University); Joseph S. Shapiro (Cowles Foundation, Yale University); Reed Walker (University of California, Berkeley, IZA, & NBER) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates how increases in production costs due to energy inputs affect consumer versus producer surplus (i.e., incidence). In doing so, we develop a general methodology to measure the incidence of changes in input costs that can account for three first-order issues: factor substitution amongst inputs used for production, incomplete pass-through of input costs, and industry competitiveness. We apply this methodology to a set of U.S. manufacturing industries for which we observe plant-level output prices and input costs. We find that about 70 percent of energy price-driven changes in input costs are passed through to consumers. This implies that the share of welfare cost borne by consumers is 25-75 percent smaller (and the share borne by producers is correspondingly larger) than most existing work assumes. |
| Keywords: | Pass-through, incidence, energy prices, productivity, climate change |
| JEL: | H22 H23 Q40 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2038r&r=env |
| By: | de Melo, Jaime |
| Abstract: | The Paris Agreement (PA) signed by 175 parties is now a Treaty since a quorum of signatories has been obtained. This Treaty is really the first important step taken to limit temperature increase, as pledges, if sustained and far more ambitious beyond 2030, would drastically limit the projected temperature increase from projections in the absence of measures to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. Contributions however fall short of the intentions to limit temperature increase to the +1.5° to +2° Celsius range since the onset of industrialization. Drawing on recent contributions, this paper reviews where we stand in tackling four challenges ahead: (i) taking fuller cognizance of the accumulating scientific evidence calling for urgent action; (ii) designing an architecture that will render effective the blend of 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' approaches; (iii) choosing policy options and tackling the slow transition to a low-carbon economy, and; (iv) raising finance and addressing burden sharing. |
| Keywords: | Burden Sharing; climate change; GHG; Pricing carbon. |
| JEL: | F18 O44 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11781&r=env |
| By: | Iyigun, Murat; Nunn, Nathan; Qian, Nancy |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the long-run effects of climate change on conflict by examining cooling from 1400-1900 CE, a period that includes most of the Little Ice Age. We construct a geo-referenced and digitized database of conflicts in Europe, North Africa, and the Near East from 1400-1900, which we merge with historical temperature data. We first show that during this time, cooling is associated with increased conflict. Then, turning to the dynamics of cooling, we allow the effects of cooling over a fifty-year period to depend on the extent of cooling during the preceding fifty-year period. We find that the effect of cooling on conflict is significantly larger if the same location experienced cooling during the preceding period. We interpret this as evidence that the adverse effect of climate change intensifies with its duration. |
| Keywords: | Development; economic history; Environment; political economy |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11760&r=env |
| By: | Lerman, Zvi |
| Abstract: | The selected paper presented at the IAMO Samarkand Conference |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2016–11–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc16:250093&r=env |
| By: | Collins, Matthew; Curtis, John |
| Abstract: | Understanding the drivers of energy efficient behaviour in the household can provide significant insights on how best to provide incentives for homes to engage in energy efficiency retrofits. This can have wide-reaching effects in reducing the demand for energy and in turn reducing carbon emissions. Many national grant aid schemes exist to support homes in engaging in retrofits, but these can also be availed of by free-riders, which are homes that would engage in a retrofit even in the absence of financial support. This paper explores retrofit choice, willingness-to-pay for retrofit works and free-riding in a grant aid scheme for residential energy efficiency retrofits. Household preferences are revealed through energy efficiency retrofits undertaken by Irish home owners, after having been presented with an array of retrofit measures and combinations thereof. We use a McFadden’s choice model to estimate willingness-to-pay for energy efficiency renovation works using revealed preference data (McFadden, 1984). The results of this analysis are then used to estimate the extent to which freeriding has occurred in the scheme to date. We find that less efficient and larger homes are willing to pay more for energy efficiency improvements, and find that households which had previously engaged in a retrofit via the grant scheme were willing to pay over twice as much as those retrofitting for the first time. Free-riding varies by retrofit measure, with solar collector retrofits possessing close to zero free-riders, while free-riders comprised over 33% of heating controls retrofits. |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp551&r=env |
| By: | Pilon, André Francisco |
| Abstract: | In view of the overwhelming pressures on the global environment and the need to disrupt the systems that drive them, an ecosystemic theoretical and practical framework is posited for the evaluation and planning of public policies, research and teaching programmes, encompassing four dimensions of being-in-the-world (intimate, interactive, social and biophysical), as they combine, as donors and recipients, to induce the events (deficits/assets), cope with consequences (desired/undesired) and contribute for change (potential outputs). The focus should not be on the “bubbles” of the surface (consequences, fragmented issues), but on the configurations deep inside the boiling pot where the problems emerge. New paradigms of development, growth, power, wealth, work and freedom, embedded at institutional level, include heterogeneous attributes, behaviours and interactions and the dynamics of the systems (institutions, populations, political, economic, cultural and ecological background). Instead of dealing with the bubbles (segmented, reduced issues) and trying to solve isolated and localized problems without addressing the general phenomenon, the proposal emphasizes the definition of the problems deep inside the “boiling pot”, where the problems emerge, encompassing the current “world-system” with its boundaries, structures, techno-economic paradigms, support groups, rules of legitimation, and coherence. In the socio-cultural learning niches, heuristic-hermeneutic experiences generate awareness, interpretation and understanding beyond established stereotypes, both from a thematic (“what”) and an epistemic point of view (“how”). |
| Keywords: | education, culture, politics, economics, ethics, environment, ecosystems |
| JEL: | I00 I25 I28 I29 O21 O31 Q2 Q28 Q5 Q51 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2016–11–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76172&r=env |
| By: | Aliev, Jovidon |
| Abstract: | The selected paper presented at the IAMO Samarkand Conference |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty, Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2016–11–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc16:250089&r=env |
| By: | Darbandi, Elham |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats16:252429&r=env |
| By: | Lööf, Hans (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology); Martinsson, Gustav (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology); Mohammadi, Ali (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This report discusses how financing difficulties can affect private sector innovation investments in environmental technology applied to the Swedish setting. Innovative investments are often intangible, the outcomes are highly uncertain, and information asymmetries between entrepreneurs and outside investors are potentially severe. These factors make external finance costly and drive investment in environmental technology below its socially desirable level. Recent evidence from the literature on financing and innovation suggests that financing constraints on innovation are likely economically significant. Therefore, policies and financial developments that affect the availability of finance can have important effects on economy wide rates of environmental technology innovation. |
| Keywords: | Clean technology; Innovation Investments; Financial constraints; Spillovers; Sustainable growth |
| JEL: | O32 O33 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2017–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0445&r=env |
| By: | Suh, Dong Hee |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea17:251888&r=env |
| By: | Sheldon, Ian |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats16:252439&r=env |
| By: | Boyer, Christopher; Harmon, Xavier; Lambert, Dayton; Larson, James; Donald, Tyler |
| Keywords: | Cotton, Cover crops, Tillage, Risk, Farm Management, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea17:252482&r=env |
| By: | Thevs, Niels; Strenge, Eva; Aliev, Kumar; Baibagysov, Azim; Eraaliev, Maksat; Lang, Petra; Thomas, Frank |
| Abstract: | The selected paper presented at the IAMO Samarkand Conference |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Productivity Analysis, |
| Date: | 2016–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc16:249994&r=env |
| By: | Zonna, Davide |
| Abstract: | Food waste is not sustainable anymore. Population growth and inefficiencies into the system will lead to overproduction, deforestations, climate change, social riots. It's time to examine how to reduce those inefficiencies and to make social experiments in order to change this trend. This paper studies all efforts all around the world made to solve the issue and gives the results of a new pilot case study. |
| Keywords: | food waste environment field experiment household FAO WRAP spreco cibo rifiuti esperimento ambiente casa 2016 |
| JEL: | Z13 |
| Date: | 2016–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76097&r=env |
| By: | Martimort, David; Pouyet, Jérôme; Ricci, Francesco |
| Abstract: | We characterize the optimal extraction path when a concessionaire has private information on the initial stock of resource. Under asymmetric information, a "virtual Hotelling rule" describes how the resource price evolves over time and how extraction costs are compounded with information costs along an optimal extraction path. In sharp contrast with the case of complete information, fields which are heterogeneous in terms of their initial stocks follow different extraction paths. Some resource might be left unexploited in the long-run as a way to foster incentives. The optimal contract may sometimes be implemented through royalties and license fees. With a market of concessionaires, asymmetric information leads to a "virtual Herfindahl principle" and to a new form of heterogeneity across active concessionaires. Under asymmetric information, the market price converges faster to its long-run limit, exhibiting more stability. |
| Keywords: | asymmetric information; Delegated Management; Non-Renewable resource; Optimal Contract |
| JEL: | D86 Q38 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11769&r=env |
| By: | John C. Whitehead |
| Abstract: | Desvousges, Mathews and Train (2015) find that their contingent valuation method (CVM) survey does not pass the adding up test. Another interpretation is that the authors do not conduct an adding up test following the required economic theory. DMT make incorrect claims about economic theory and the cognitive burden of fielding the adding up test that result in a flawed implementation of the adding up test. A correct interpretation of the survey leads to results that support the validity of the contingent valuation method. Key Words: Contingent valuation, Adding up test, Cognitive burden, Scope test |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:17-01&r=env |
| By: | de Streel, Alexandre; Larouche, Pierre |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse16:148714&r=env |
| By: | Adilov, Sanjar |
| Abstract: | The selected paper presented at the IAMO Samarkand Conference |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, |
| Date: | 2016–11–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc16:250082&r=env |
| By: | Pallás-Gozálvez, Javier-Anatole; Gijón, Covadonga |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse16:148696&r=env |
| By: | Jacob, Arun |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the impact of data gap in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) performance indicators on actual performance success of MDGs. Performance success, within the MDG framework, is quantified using six different ways proposed in the existing literature, including both absolute and relative performance and deviation from historical transition paths of MDG indicators. The empirical analysis clearly shows that the data gap in performance measurement is a significant predictor of poor MDG performance in terms of any of the six progress measures. Larger the data gap or weaker the performance measurement system, lesser is the probability of MDG performance success. The empirical methodology used in the paper combines a Heckman correction and instrumental variable estimation strategies to simultaneously account for potential endogeneity of the key data gap variable and bias due to sample selection. This result holds true even after controlling for overall national statistical capacity and a variety of socioeconomic factors. The paper underlines the need to strengthen the performance measurement system attached to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper is the first attempt at empirically evaluating the value of data in the context of international development goals and gives empirical evidence for the need to harness the ‘data revolution’ for sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; Sustainable Development Goals; performance indicators; performance measurement; value of data; |
| JEL: | F02 F63 H43 H53 O15 O19 P35 P47 Z18 |
| Date: | 2016–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73357&r=env |
| By: | Ciarli, Tommaso; Savona, María |
| Abstract: | En este trabajo se analiza el nexo entre dos tipos de cambio: los estructurales y los climáticos. Dado que varios factores relacionados con ambos ejercen una influencia recíproca, en este estudio se aborda un número exponencial de relaciones. Desde el punto de vista empírico, estas relaciones se han estudiado tradicionalmente de a pares, por ejemplo, la forma en que repercute en la intensidad energética agregada el hecho de haber abandonado el sector manufacturero para dedicarse a los servicios. En la primera sección de este trabajo, se investiga y analiza de manera selectiva la evidencia empírica que arroja luz sobre varios de estos vínculos. Desde una mirada teórica, los modelos económicos elaborados por diferentes corrientes presentan variaciones sustanciales respecto de los cambios estructurales y climáticos que abordan con base a la forma en que fueron modelados. En la segunda sección se examinan y comparan estas diferencias. |
| Keywords: | DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, POLITICA AMBIENTAL, MODELOS DE DESARROLLO, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, DEVELOPMENT MODELS |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:40867&r=env |
| By: | Muñoz Ávila, Lina |
| Abstract: | Este documento aborda los derechos de acceso a la información, a la participación pública y a la justicia en asuntos ambientales consagrados en el Principio 10 de la Declaración de Río de 1992 y su contribución al desarrollo de una actividad minera respetuosa con el entorno y las comunidades en Colombia. |
| Keywords: | MINERIA, MEDIO AMBIENTE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ACCESO A LA INFORMACION, INFORMACION AMBIENTAL, DERECHO AMBIENTAL, PARQUES Y RESERVAS NATURALES, PROTECCION AMBIENTAL, INDUSTRIA MINERA, RENDICION DE CUENTAS, MINING, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, NATIONAL PARKS AND RESERVES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MINING INDUSTRY, ACCOUNTABILITY |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col039:40866&r=env |