nep-afr New Economics Papers
on Africa
Issue of 2013‒05‒22
fifty-five papers chosen by
Quentin Wodon
World Bank
  1. Effects of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education on Conflict Intensity in Africa By Julius A Agbor
  2. The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water? Integrating Urban Planning and Water Management in Sub-Saharan Africa, Background Report By Robin Bloch
  3. The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water? Diagnostic of Urban Water Management in 31 Cities in Africa, Companion Volume By Alvar Closas; Meleesa Naughton; Michael Jacobsen
  4. Using Credit Ratings to Improve Water Utility Access to Market Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa By Rajesh Advani
  5. Microfinance Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa : Turning Opportunities into Reality By Jasmina Glisovic; Senayit Mesfin; Louise Moretto
  6. Farther on down the road : transport costs, trade and urban growth in Sub-Saharan Africa By Storeygard, Adam
  7. Achieving Higher Growth and Employment: Policy options for South Africa By David Faulkner, Christopher Loewald and Konstantin Makrelov
  8. Integrated Reporting : Lessons from the South African Experience By Jonathon Hanks; Louise Gardiner
  9. A model of gendered production in colonial Africa and implications for development in the post-colonial period By Fofack, Hippolyte
  10. Increasing Local Procurement By the Mining Industry in West Africa : Road-test version By World Bank
  11. Informing the 'Visible Hand' Defining and Measuring What Governments Do - and Can Do - with Private Health Providers in Africa By Connor Spreng; Ojo Ifelayo
  12. Water hauling and girls'school attendance : some new evidence from Ghana By Nauges, Celine; Strand, Jon
  13. Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana By World Bank
  14. Convergence in Provincial-Level South African House Prices: Evidence from the Club Convergence and Clustering Procedure By Nicholas Apergis; Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne; Rangan Gupta
  15. Forest, Trees, and Woodlands in Africa : An Action Plan for World Bank Engagement By Marjory-Anne Bromhead
  16. Health Financing in Ghana at a Crossroads By World Bank
  17. Central African Republic Public Expenditure Review : Creating Fiscal Space to Transition Out of Fragility Through Growth and Poverty Reduction By World Bank
  18. Lessons Learned from Nigeria : The Case of Cameroun and Ghana By World Bank
  19. Scaling-up Regional Financial Integration in the East African Community By World Bank
  20. African Financial Sectors and the European Debt Crisis : Will Trouble Blow across the Sahara? By World Bank
  21. Land tenure in Tigray: How large is the gender bias? By Dokken, Therere
  22. De-fragmenting Africa : Deepening Regional Trade Integration in Goods and Services By World Bank
  23. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia : Options for Strengthening Land Administration By World Bank
  24. Reshaping Economic Geography of East Africa : From Regional to Global Integration, Volume 2. Technical Annexes By World Bank
  25. The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water? Integrated Urban Water Management, Background Report By Jochen Echart; Kebreab Ghebremichael; Krishna Khatri; Harrison Mutikanga; Jotham Sempewo; Seneshaw Tsegaye; Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy
  26. Reshaping Economic Geography of East Africa : From Regional to Global Integration (Vol. 1 of 2) By World Bank
  27. Opening Doors : Gender Equality in the Middle East And North Africa By Tara Vishwanath
  28. World Bank study : A Health Sector in Transition to Universal Coverage in Ghana By Karima Saleh
  29. Ghana - Selected Policy Issues By World Bank
  30. The Republic of Ghana : Selected Policy Issues By World Bank
  31. Weather Risk Management Pilot Program : Tanzania By World Bank
  32. Inclusion and Resilience : The Way Forward for Social Safety Nets in the Middle East and North Africa By Matteo Morgandi; Joana Silva; Victoria Levin
  33. Water Supply and Sanitation in Kenya : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond By World Bank
  34. Private Sector Development in Conflict Regions : Viable Support Options in the West Bank and Gaza By John Nasir; Ranan Al-Muthaffar; Rimal Kacem
  35. Agricultural Potential, Rural Roads, and Farm Competitiveness in South Sudan By World Bank
  36. United Republic of Tanzania - Public Expenditure Review 2011 By World Bank
  37. Avoiding Tokenism in Demand for Good Governance Activities : Lessons from World Bank-financed Lending Projects in Zambia By Kate Bridges
  38. Zimbabwe Country Profile 2011 : Enterprise Survey By World Bank; International Finance Corporation
  39. Municipal ICT Capacity and its Impact on the Climate-Change Affected Urban Poor : The Case of Mozambique By World Bank
  40. Cameroon - Governance and Management in the Education Sector By World Bank
  41. Zambia - Public Expenditure Review : Resource Allocations and Financial Flows in the Water Sector in Zambia By World Bank
  42. Liberia - Public Expenditure Review : Human Development By World Bank
  43. Customs reforms in eastern Congo (DRC): Between norms and practices By Kambale Mirembe, Omer
  44. Intensification of Livestock Production Systems in the North West Region of Cameroon : A South-to-South Collaboration for Technology Transfer, The Tugi Silvopastoral Project By World Bank
  45. Voices of Youth in Post-Conflict Burundi : Perspectives on Exclusion, Gender, and Conflict By World Bank
  46. Uganda - Promoting Inclusive Growth : Transforming Farms, Human Capital, and Economic Geography, Synthesis Report By World Bank
  47. A Tale of Excessive Hospital Autonomy? An Evaluation of the Hospital Reform in Senegal By Christophe Lemière; Vincent Turbat; Juliette Puret
  48. Agricultural Sector Risk Assessment in Niger : Moving from Crisis Response to Long-Term Risk Management By World Bank
  49. Agribusiness Indicators : Ghana By World Bank
  50. Neisseria meningitis serogroup X outbreak in Burkina Faso, 2009-2010. By Yaro, Seydou
  51. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of Congo : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond By World Bank
  52. Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond By World Bank
  53. Water Supply and Sanitation in Rwanda : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond By World Bank
  54. EDBM's Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Investment Climate Reforms in Madagascar By World Bank
  55. Liberia Poverty Note : Tracking the Dimensions of Poverty By World Bank
  1. By: Julius A Agbor
    Abstract: This study investigates the impact of different dimensions of schooling education (primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment) on the intensity of intra-state conflicts in Africa during 1989-2008. It uses fixed-effects regressions in a panel framework and annual data for 25 African countries. Parameter estimates provide clear evidence that schooling education (irrespective of the dimension considered) reduces the intensity of conflicts in Africa and the channels of transmission vary according to the education dimension considered. While primary schooling works mainly through urbanization; secondary and tertiary schooling reduces conflict through both the urbanization and youth bulge channels. These results suggest that in order to reduce conflict intensity in Africa, policy makers should facilitate the urbanization of a great number of African school leavers; while at the same time raising the number of African youths with secondary and tertiary education. However, the findings also suggest that secondary schooling potentially intensifies conflict intensity through the democratization channel implying that efforts to expand secondary education in Africa need to go in tandem with the rapid entrenchment of democratic institutions. Disaggregating the sample into “Conflict-prone†versus “less Conflict-prone†countries generally confirmed the core finding that all education dimensions are important in reducing conflict intensity in Africa but no insightful results were obtained on the likely channels of transmission. Further research should consider a more robust investigating of this issue while also differentiating the impacts of education dimensions on conflict in “high income†versus “low income†countries.
    Keywords: School Education, Conflict, Economic Development, Africa
    JEL: O43 O15 O11
    Date: 2013
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:347&r=afr
  2. By: Robin Bloch
    Keywords: National Urban Development Policies and Strategies Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Communities and Human Settlements - Urban Housing and Land Settlements Urban Development - Urban Services to the Poor Communities and Human Settlements - Urban Slums Upgrading
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12274&r=afr
  3. By: Alvar Closas; Meleesa Naughton; Michael Jacobsen
    Keywords: Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Urban Development - City Development Strategies Water Supply and Sanitation - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12273&r=afr
  4. By: Rajesh Advani
    Keywords: Infrastructure Economics and Finance - Private Participation in Infrastructure Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress
    Date: 2012–02
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11681&r=afr
  5. By: Jasmina Glisovic; Senayit Mesfin; Louise Moretto
    Keywords: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Investment and Investment Climate Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Non Bank Financial Institutions
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:9440&r=afr
  6. By: Storeygard, Adam
    Abstract: Transport costs are widely considered an important barrier to local economic activity but their impact in developing countries is not well-studied. This paper investigates the role of inter-city transport costs in determining the income of Sub-Saharan African cities, using two new data sources. Specifically, it asks how important access to a large port city is for the income of hinterland cities in 15 countries. Satellite data on lights at night proxy for city economic activity, and shortest routes between cities are calculated using new road network data. Cost per unit of distance is identified by world oil prices. The results show that an oil price increase of the magnitude experienced between 2002 and 2008 induces the income of cities near a major port to increase by 6 percent relative to otherwise identical cities 500 kilometers farther away. Cities connected to the port by paved roads are chiefly affected by transport costs to the port, while cities connected to the port by unpaved roads are more affected by connections to secondary centers. These are important findings for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa since the majority of its population growth over the next few decades is expected to be in urban areas.
    Keywords: Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Rural Roads&Transport,Subnational Economic Development,E-Business,Roads&Highways
    Date: 2013–05–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6444&r=afr
  7. By: David Faulkner, Christopher Loewald and Konstantin Makrelov
    Abstract: Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the paper provides some direction on the areas of policy reform that could generate strong growth, employment and poverty reduction in South Africa. The core requirements for more rapid and sustained growth are greater saving, investment, more productive use of capital by better skilled workers, reduction in the skill constraint and moderation in unit labour costs. Higher labour productivity growth will in its own right increase the labour intensity of the economy as a whole. We estimate that the combined impact of reducing transport and communication costs, reducing the skill constraint, and increasing foreign direct and domestic investment can increase potential growth to close to 8 per cent and create an additional 1.7 million jobs beyond the number that would be created without policy adjustments. The policy adjustments contemplated in this paper seek to enable greater diversification of production techniques and types of businesses thereby helping to achieve a full utilisation of labour across skills competencies.
    Keywords: Growth, Employment, Policy, South Africa
    Date: 2013
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:334&r=afr
  8. By: Jonathon Hanks; Louise Gardiner
    Keywords: Private Sector Development - Competitiveness and Competition Policy Private Sector Development - Business Environment Private Sector Development - E-Business Law and Development - Corporate Law Private Sector Development - Business in Development
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11052&r=afr
  9. By: Fofack, Hippolyte
    Abstract: This paper proposes a model to analyze the implications of colonial policies for gender inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. The model emphasizes segmentation of production under complete specialization. It shows that the colonial production model, underpinned by occupational job segregation in the agricultural sector and gender bias in the non-agricultural sector, exacerbated gender inequality by limiting employment opportunities for women outside the realm of home production and subsistence agriculture. Over the past few decades, the resilience of parameters underlying these models of colonial production has heightened the risks of macroeconomic volatility in the region, especially where the structural transformation from low to high-value-added activities has remained elusive.
    Keywords: Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Rural Development Knowledge&Information Systems,Gender and Development,Population Policies
    Date: 2013–05–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6438&r=afr
  10. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Industry - Mining & Extractive Industry (Non-Energy) Private Sector Development - E-Business Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Economic Theory & Research Water Resources - Water and Industry Transport Economics Policy and Planning Transport
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2724&r=afr
  11. By: Connor Spreng; Ojo Ifelayo
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Monitoring & Evaluation Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Systems Development & Reform Education - Knowledge for Development Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Economics & Finance Private Sector Development - E-Business
    Date: 2012–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13074&r=afr
  12. By: Nauges, Celine; Strand, Jon
    Abstract: In large parts of the world, a lack of home tap water burdens households as the water must be brought to the house from outside, at great expense in terms of effort and time. This paper studies how such costs affect girls'schooling in Ghana, with an analysis based on four rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys. Using Global Positioning System coordinates, it builds an artificial panel of clusters, identifying the closest neighbors within each round. The results indicate a significant negative relation between girls'school attendance and water hauling activity, as a halving of water fetching time increases girls'school attendance by 2.4 percentage points on average, with stronger impacts in rural communities. The results seem to be the first definitive documentation of such a relationship in Africa. They document some of the multiple and wide population benefits of increased tap water access, in Africa and elsewhere.
    Keywords: Town Water Supply and Sanitation,Water and Industry,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions,Water Conservation,Water Use
    Date: 2013–05–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6443&r=afr
  13. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Gender - Gender and Development Agriculture - Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Environment - Environmental Economics & Policies Health, Nutrition and Population
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2725&r=afr
  14. By: Nicholas Apergis (Department of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus, Greece); Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria)
    Abstract: This empirical study analyses the long run behaviour of provincial house prices in South Africa based on the club convergence and clustering procedure of Phillips and Sul (2007). Using quarterly data covering the period of 1974Q1 to 2012Q4, 1976Q2 to 2012Q4, 1974Q1 to 2012 Q4 and 1977Q3 to 2012Q4 for the entire, large, medium and small-middle segments of the housing market, respectively, we test the law of one price across nine provinces. The empirical findings suggest that the nine provinces do not form a homogeneous convergence club. In particular, the aggregate housing market supports the presence of three convergence clubs with the tendency of provinces to converge or diverge varying across subsequent segments. Unlike the middle-small segment which consists of two convergence clubs of seven and two provinces, the middle-large and middle-medium segments are consistent with three convergence clubs corresponding to three segmented independent local markets. The first convergence club consists of four and five provinces, respectively. The second convergence club is made of four and three provinces, respectively, while the third convergence club comprises only one province.
    Keywords: House prices, law of one price, panel, convergence
    JEL: C33 R31
    Date: 2013–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:201322&r=afr
  15. By: Marjory-Anne Bromhead
    Keywords: Rural Development - Forestry Environment - Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environmental Economics & Policies Environment - Wildlife Resources Environment - Climate Change and Environment
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11927&r=afr
  16. By: World Bank
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2729&r=afr
  17. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Public Sector Economics Public Sector Expenditure Policy Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Transport Economics Policy and Planning Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Public Sector Development Transport
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13239&r=afr
  18. By: World Bank
    Keywords: International Economics and Trade - Access to Markets Energy Conservation and Efficiency Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Markets and Market Access Transport Economics Policy and Planning Energy - Energy Production and Transportation Transport
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12732&r=afr
  19. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development - Financial Intermediation Banks and Banking Reform Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13031&r=afr
  20. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development - Financial Intermediation Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Banks and Banking Reform Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12686&r=afr
  21. By: Dokken, Therere (UMB School og Economics and Business)
    Abstract: This study finds that female-headed households have 23% smaller owned landholdings and 54% smaller operational landholdings. Differences in characteristics such as age, labor, oxen and previous divorce explain less than half the differences in landholding sizes, while the remaining can be attributed to differences in returns to these characteristics. This indicates that there is a gender bias in access to land, even after land reforms that intended to strengthen women’s rights. The main policy recommendation is to further gender-sensitize the land certification process, strengthen women’s opportunities to cultivate their land and continue the process of securing women’s tenure rights.
    Keywords: Ethiopia; property rights; discrimination; Oaxaca decomposition
    JEL: J16 Q15
    Date: 2013–05–08
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsclt:2013_005&r=afr
  22. By: World Bank
    Keywords: International Economics and Trade - Free Trade Banks and Banking Reform Economic Theory and Research Environmental Economics and Policies Finance and Financial Sector Development Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Environment
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12385&r=afr
  23. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Urban Development - Urban Housing Rural Development - Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction Urban Development - National Urban Development Policies & Strategies Communities and Human Settlements - Land Use and Policies Rural Development - Common Property Resource Development
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2721&r=afr
  24. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Economic Theory and Research Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Transport Economics Policy and Planning Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Transport
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11916&r=afr
  25. By: Jochen Echart; Kebreab Ghebremichael; Krishna Khatri; Harrison Mutikanga; Jotham Sempewo; Seneshaw Tsegaye; Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy
    Keywords: Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Systems Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Water Resources - Water Conservation
    Date: 2012–12
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12275&r=afr
  26. By: World Bank
    Keywords: International Economics and Trade - Trade and Regional Integration Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Economic Theory & Research Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Transport Economics Policy & Planning Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Transport
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11930&r=afr
  27. By: Tara Vishwanath
    Keywords: Gender - Gender and Development Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems Gender - Gender and Law Education - Primary Education Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development Rural Development
    Date: 2012–03
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:10844&r=afr
  28. By: Karima Saleh
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Economics & Finance Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Monitoring & Evaluation Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Systems Development & Reform Health, Nutrition and Population - Disease Control & Prevention Health, Nutrition and Population
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2728&r=afr
  29. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Public Sector Economics Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Economic Theory and Research Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Public Sector Development
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12251&r=afr
  30. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Public Sector Economics Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Economic Theory & Research Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Public Sector Development
    Date: 2012–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11870&r=afr
  31. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Urban Development - Hazard Risk Management Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Climate Change Economics Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12742&r=afr
  32. By: Matteo Morgandi; Joana Silva; Victoria Levin
    Keywords: Social Protections and Labor - Safety Nets and Transfers Services and Transfers to Poor Banks and Banking Reform Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development Finance and Financial Sector Development
    Date: 2012–09
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12261&r=afr
  33. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Systems Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Water Supply and Sanitation - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12890&r=afr
  34. By: John Nasir; Ranan Al-Muthaffar; Rimal Kacem
    Keywords: Private Sector Development - E-Business Finance and Financial Sector Development - Microfinance Banks and Banking Reform Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Markets and Market Access Small Scale Enterprise Industry
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:10850&r=afr
  35. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Rural Development Knowledge & Information Systems Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Transport Economics Policy & Planning Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development Rural Development - Regional Rural Development Transport
    Date: 2012–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11885&r=afr
  36. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Public Sector Economics Health Monitoring and Evaluation Public Sector Expenditure Policy Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress Public Sector Development Health, Nutrition and Population
    Date: 2012–07
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12241&r=afr
  37. By: Kate Bridges
    Keywords: Governance - Regional Governance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Finance and Development Infrastructure Economics and Finance - Infrastructure Finance Governance and Financial Sector
    Date: 2013
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13219&r=afr
  38. By: World Bank; International Finance Corporation
    Keywords: Infrastructure Economics and Finance - Private Participation in Infrastructure Private Sector Development - E-Business Finance and Financial Sector Development - Microfinance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Small Scale Enterprise Industry
    Date: 2012–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12591&r=afr
  39. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Private Sector Development - E-Business Technology Industry Education - Education for the Knowledge Economy Urban Development - City Development Strategies Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Knowledge Economy Industry
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12623&r=afr
  40. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Education - Education For All Tertiary Education Teaching and Learning Access and Equity in Basic Education Education - Primary Education
    Date: 2012–03
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12262&r=afr
  41. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Systems Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Water Resources - Water Conservation
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12337&r=afr
  42. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Education - Education For All Health Monitoring and Evaluation Public Sector Expenditure Policy Access and Equity in Basic Education Education - Primary Education Public Sector Development Health, Nutrition and Population
    Date: 2012–11
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12313&r=afr
  43. By: Kambale Mirembe, Omer
    Abstract: This paper attempts to explain how importers, clearance agents and customs officers respond to ongoing customs administration reforms in the DRC. Customs reforms include computerization, single desk system and pre-shipment inspection. The DRC case reveals that the reforms as norms are indeed implemented, but they have not eradicated some ‘mispractices’. Actors involved adapt their practices within the framework of the reforms.
    Keywords: Congo; DRC; Kivu; customs
    Date: 2013–04
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:wpaper:2013004&r=afr
  44. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems Livestock and Animal Husbandry Agriculture - Agricultural Research Crops and Crop Management Systems Environment - Wildlife Resources
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12653&r=afr
  45. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population - Adolescent Health Governance - Youth and Governance Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Gender - Gender and Health Education - Primary Education
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12460&r=afr
  46. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Economic Theory and Research Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development Poverty Reduction - Achieving Shared Growth
    Date: 2012–02
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12655&r=afr
  47. By: Christophe Lemière; Vincent Turbat; Juliette Puret
    Keywords: Law and Development - Health Law Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Health Monitoring & Evaluation Health Systems Development & Reform Disease Control & Prevention
    Date: 2012–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11880&r=afr
  48. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems Livestock and Animal Husbandry Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Crops and Crop Management Systems Rural Development Agriculture
    Date: 2013
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13260&r=afr
  49. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Agriculture - Fertilizers Crops and Crop Management Systems Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Markets and Market Access Transport Economics Policy and Planning Environmental Economics and Policies Environment Transport
    Date: 2012–04
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12893&r=afr
  50. By: Yaro, Seydou
    Abstract: Background: Centre MURAZ of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) organized in 2009 and 2010 a system of Cerobro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) collection in eight pilot Districts as an initial step for the future Ministry of Health’s led strategy of individual surveillance in a context of meningococcal conjugate A vaccine introduction. Methods: CSF samples were analyzed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This allowed for meningitis etiologies dynamics studies in the pilot Districts. Results: Because of geographical difficulties and lack of means, less than 40% of suspected cases had their CSF analyzed at PCR reference laboratory. In 2009, among confirmed cases at reference laboratory, Sp (Streptococcus pneumonia), NmA (Neisseria meningitis A) and Hib (Hemophilus influenzae b) were responsible respectively for 90%, 6.6% and 4.4% of cases. In 2010, serogroup distribution among confirmed cases was: Sp 62.7%, NmX 32.2% and NmA 5.1%. Sp which was continuously present in Burkina Faso takes more significant proportions, just as serogroup X which until there was sporadically encountered. The attack rates of NmX were tree to twelve times higher than for NmA in the two Districts where NmX has been notified. Conclusion: As a consequence of such results, efforts must be maintained in epidemiologic surveillance field and in reinforcement of laboratory capacities. Fast care should be guaranteed to patients with adequate antibiotics according to country national guideline and chemoprophylaxis measures should be undertaken among contacts of patients to prevent secondary cases. A plea must be made on one hand for pneumococcal vaccine introduction in Burkina Faso and on other hand towards manufacturers for taking into account serogroup X into meningococcal polyvalent vaccine composition. With this polyvalent vaccine including serougruop X, we suggested to conduct periodically mass campaign vaccination of people before the beginning of meningitis epidemiological season.
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ner:louvai:info:hdl:2078.1/114403&r=afr
  51. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Urban Development - Urban Services to the Poor Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Water Supply and Sanitation - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12651&r=afr
  52. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Systems Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Water Supply and Sanitation - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
    Date: 2012–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12888&r=afr
  53. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Water Supply and Sanitation - Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Supply and Sanitation - Town Water Supply and Sanitation Water Resources - Water and Industry Water Supply and Sanitation - Hygiene Promotion and Social Marketing Water Supply and Sanitation - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12891&r=afr
  54. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Private Sector Development - E-Business Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Investment and Investment Climate Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Non Bank Financial Institutions
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12932&r=afr
  55. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development Poverty Reduction - Achieving Shared Growth
    Date: 2012–11
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12320&r=afr
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