Environmental Economics http://lists.repec.org/mailman/listinfo/nep-env Environmental Economics 2026-09-21 “The weather is changing”: Rainfall reduction and water resilience in the Brazilian semi-arid https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idpben:008&r=&r=env Lucas Oliveira do Amorim Monique Medeiros Domingo Cassain Sales Mireya Eugenia Valencia Perafan Marielle Eden Palmeira do Nascimento Cintia Souto Reis Franciele Santos Bispo rainfall reduction; water resilience; Semi-arid Brazil; climate change; cisterns; water insecurity 2026-07 Counterproductive Sustainable Investing: The Impact Elasticity of Brown and Green Firms https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35519&r=&r=env We develop a new measure of impact elasticity: the change in a firm's environmental impact due to a change in its cost of capital. We find that reducing green firms' financing costs leads to minimal impact changes, while increasing brown firms' financing costs causes significant negative impact changes. Thus, sustainable investing strategies that shift capital from brown to green firms contain a counterproductive channel that makes brown firms more brown without making green firms more green. A mistaken focus on percentage reductions in emissions rewards already-green firms for trivial reductions in emissions and gives brown firms weak incentives to improve. Samuel M. Hartzmark Kelly Shue 2026-07 Report: The Public Economics of Carbon Dioxide Removal https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:343433&r=&r=env Lessmann, Kai Kalkuhl, Matthias Climate policy instruments, Carbon debt, Clean-up certificates, Non-permanent carbon storage, Carbon leakage, Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) 2026 Cocoa expansion around Ghana’s protected areas is associated with food crop displacement and forest loss inside them https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05735587&r=&r=env Cocoa farming is a major driver of deforestation in West Africa. While sustainability policies like zerodeforestation commitments aim to reduce forest loss from cocoa, they overlook a critical gap. When cocoa expands onto existing farmland, farmers may shift food-crop cultivation into nearby protected forest reserves instead. We analysed satellite imagery and farmer interviews in Ghana to test whether this land displacement occurs and whether sustainability programmes prevent it. From 2000 to 2019, areas with more intensive cocoa farming were associated with greater forest loss inside reserves from food crop cultivation. In 2022-2024, villages with greater exposure to sustainability programmes showed reduced forest loss. Agroforestry (growing shade trees on cocoa farms) showed no protective effect, likely due to minimal adoption. These associations suggest current policies fail to address indirect deforestation from land displacement and highlight the need for land use governance addressing both direct and indirect pressures from cocoa.Land use change leading to deforestation and forest degradation in tropical forest regions has become a major global challenge, with implications for biodiversity loss, climate change mitigation, food production, and rural livelihoods 1 . Agricultural expansion for both subsistence and commercial purposes remains the leading driver of tropical forest loss, contributing an estimated 90-99% of deforestation across the tropics between 2011 and 2015 2 . Despite international commitments to halt deforestation and restore degraded ecosystems, tropical forests continue to disappear rapidly. In 2022 alone, 4.1 million hectares of tropical primary forest were lost, an increase of 10% from the previous year 3 .In West Africa, agriculture, particularly cocoa cultivation, is a major driver of forest loss 4 . The region produces over 70% of the world's cocoa, with Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana dominating production, much of which has occurred through forest conversion, including in protected areas, especially in Côte d'Ivoire 5 .In Ghana, cocoa cultivation plays a central role in rural economies and is the country's top agricultural export, but it has also been a key driver of forest loss 5-7 . Since the 1950s, more than 60% of Ghana's forests have been cleared, with most of the remaining forest now located within protected areas, a broad category that includes national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and forest reserves 8, 9 .Forest Reserves, the focus of this study, are a subcategory of protected areas that permit regulated and sustainable use, such as the extraction of non-timber forest products, rather than strict protection 10 . This makes forest reserves a key area where conservation goals intersect and often conflict with community land-use pressures. Despite their protective designation, forest reserves continue to experience high rates of degradation and deforestation 5, 11, 12 .Deforestation in cocoa landscapes has been widely attributed to direct forest conversion for cocoa expansion 12, 13 . In response, a suite of supply chain sustainability initiatives (SSIs), including certification schemes, zero- Thomas Addoah Cécile Renier Valentin Guye Federico Cammelli Patrick Meyfroidt Javier Fajardo Wilma J Blaser-Hart Rachael D Garrett 2026 Background report to the guide for the use of the EU Ecolabel criteria in the green public procurement of reusable menstrual cups https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc143201&r=&r=env Green public procurement (GPP) is a powerful tool to achieve environmental objectives by means of the incorporation of green requirements into public sector purchasing contracts. Public authorities, by promoting “green” purchases, incentivise environmentally beneficial outcomes and foster market innovation as well as the transformation towards a sustainable economy model. In order to “green” the market, it is essential for producers to be able to make certifiable and credible green claims about their products and for customers to know what to ask for. While the EU Ecolabel policy can provide environmental references or standards for the former, the EU GPP policy can provide for the latter. The EU GPP recommendations placed in this document are based on the EU Ecolabel criteria and intend to provide authorities with guidance on how to use ecolabels, and in particular the EU Ecolabel, in the procurement process. This report aims to bring these two policies together in order to find synergies between the supply-side EU Ecolabel policy and the demand-side EU GPP policy – specifically for the procurement of reusable menstrual cups made of silicone or other elastomers. In addition to a brief introduction to the EU Ecolabel policy, to the EU GPP policy and to procurement procedures as a whole, research is presented to support JRC recommendations to public procurers about exactly what green criteria to set when trying to procure environmentally friendly reusable menstrual cups. The recommended environmental criteria are categorised into the four most appropriate areas (addressed in detail in 9 technical specifications and 2 award criteria) based on their link to the subject matter of the procurement, ease of verification (for products without the EU Ecolabel) and relevance to the environmental impact, as follows: 1. Emissions during the production of the raw material (referring to the impacts associated with upstream processes for silicone and other elastomer production, i.e., emissions of dust and of chlorides to air, emissions of copper and of zinc to water, and emissions of CO2); 2. Material efficiency in the production of the final product (in terms of the impact associated with material recovery in the core process); 3. Packaging (referring to the impact associated with materials circularity and resource efficiency in the downstream processes i.e., packaging recyclability and minimum content of recycled material); 4. Information for the user (referring to the instruction for its use that should accompany the product). Where relevant, further information about why the criteria are relevant and what other ISO 14024 type I ecolabels may be considered as equivalent is provided. Perez Camacho Maria Faraca Giorgia Wolf Oliver 2026-08 Water access, rural productive inclusion, and climate resilience: Evidence from Brazil https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idpben:006&r=&r=env Ana Helena Souza de Resende Beatriz Gomes Cornachin Ana Carolina Cambeses Pareschi Anna Carolina Machado water access; rural productive inclusion; climate resilience; Brazil; social protection; cisterns; CadÚnico 2026-07 “The Weather is Changing”: Rainfall decline and water resilience in Brazil’s Semi-Arid https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:015&r=&r=env Lucas Oliveira do Amorim Monique Medeiros Domingo Cassain Sales Mireya Eugenia Valencia Perafan Marielle Eden Palmeira do Nascimento Cintia Souto Reis Franciele Santos Bispo rainfall decline; water resilience; Semi-Arid Brazil; climate change; cisterns; water insecurity 2026-07 From water access to climate resilience: The Cisternas Programme as a climate adaptation strategy https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:013&r=&r=env Marcelo Silva Oliveira Gonçalves Cisternas Programme; climate resilience; drought;water access; Brazil Semi-Arid; public health; adaptation policy 2026-07 Overlap between social vulnerability and exposure to climate events https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idpben:011&r=&r=env Geraldo Andrade da Silva Filho Hélio Bomfim de Macedo Filho Mariana Ferreira Peixoto dos Santos Pedro Flach Romani Pedro Henrique Monteiro Ribeiro Ferreira social vulnerability; climate events; Brazil; extreme rainfall; drought; CadÚnico; IVCAD 2026-07 Rust in Motion: The Political Environmental Trap of Vehicle Tax Exemptions https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12959&r=&r=env Transportation is a major source of greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions worldwide, with most automobile pollution coming from vehicles older than 10 years. Yet, many policies discourage the removal of older vehicles from the fleet, with potential consequences for pollution and public health. This paper examines an equity-motivated anti-scrappage policy in Brazil using a border-pair design that exploits state variation in the age thresholds for vehicle ownership tax exemptions. Using municipality-level vehicle registration data from 2013-2020, we find that lower exemption age thresholds increase the average fleet age by up to one year, as they encourage owners to retain vehicles until they qualify for tax exemptions. Using fleet- and satellite-based estimates of pollution and administrative health data, we show that these policies increase on-road CO2 emissions per capita by up to 23% and PM2.5 concentrations by 4%, while deteriorating infant health outcomes. Leveraging state reforms that raised exemption ages, we find evidence that incumbents face greater electoral penalties wherever a greater share of the vehicle fleet re-enters the tax base, consistent with a “political environmental trap.” Within an MVPF framework, we find that lowering the exemption age by five years generates a net welfare loss of $0.78 for every $1 of forgone government revenue. Gabriel Monteiro Edson R. Severnini vehicle ownership tax, transportation-related local air pollution, infant health, electoral and fiscal outcomes, border-pair approach 2026 Combining Foresight Narratives and Serious Games to Codevelop Adaptive Water Management Pathways https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05737398&r=&r=env In the Mediterranean area, climate change threatens both farming and water resources. The need for methods to support reflection and dialogue on transformational adaptation strategies is urgent. We propose and demonstrate an innovative approach, co-constructing pathways for climate change adaptation and water management by combining (i) participative scenario building and (ii) a serious game. While the first explores the combination of exogenous driving forces on the agricultural system consistent with SSPs at regional level, the serious game allows us to explore the co-evolution of land and water use and related policies at the farm level. Results confirm that land use can vary greatly in a medium-term horizon. Our approach helps to envision the role of land use and diversification in future water demand under climate change. The results show that the effect of land use changes on water demand is much higher than the effect of climate scenarios. Nina Graveline Juliette Le Gallo Alexandre Alix Marta Debolini David Dorchies Katrin Erdlenbruch Sébastien Loubier Pathways, Serious Game, Participation, Climate Change, Water, Agriculture 2026 Overlapping vulnerabilities: Social disadvantage and exposure to extreme climate events in Brazil https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:018&r=&r=env Geraldo Andrade da Silva Filho Helio Bomfim de Macedo Filho Mariana Ferreira Peixoto dos Santos Pedro Flach Romani Pedro Henrique Monteiro Ribeiro Ferreira social vulnerability; extreme climate events; Brazil; rainfall; drought; CadÚnico; inequality 2026-07 Which government subsidies are relevant for eco-Innovation? Empirical evidence from firm-level panel data https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:343046&r=&r=env Eco-innovations are highly important for mitigating climate change and transitioning towards a circular economy. There is extensive literature on the determinants of eco-innovation. The analysis of the role of government subsidies, however, is still under-developed. Subsidies are controversially discussed because they may distort competition and lead to less efficient solutions. At the same time, eco-innovations may produce positive externalities both at the innovation stage (knowledge spillovers) and the diffusion stage (reducing environmental damage). Subsidies may hence be important to avoid private under-investment in such innovations. The paper investigates which types of subsidies (e.g. general vs. research oriented, regional vs. national vs. supranational) are used by firms that engage in different fields of eco-innovation. The analysis is based on panel-econometric estimations using data from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), covering the years 2020 to 2024. The results show that regional subsidies and general industry support are important for the diffusion of eco-innovations, such as the substitution of fossil fuels by renewables, because they help to overcome financial constraints. Specific R&D subsidies are important for innovations leading to less CO2 emissions in production processes. Horbach, Jens Rammer, Christian Green subsidies, eco-innovation, random effects panel probit models 2026 Publication of carbon assessments and companies’ financing costs https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:econot:457&r=&r=env Cross-referencing the carbon assessments of French companies published on the ADEME website with their financial statements allows us to show that companies reporting higher greenhouse gas emissions subsequently have less favourable financing conditions. However, a company is penalised less if it publishes ambitious emission reduction targets. <p> Le croisement des bilans carbone des entreprises françaises publiés sur le site de l’ADEME et de leurs bilans sociaux permet de montrer que celles qui y publient des émissions de gaz à effet de serre plus élevées ont ensuite des conditions de financement moins favorables. Cette pénalisation est atténuée si elles publient des objectifs ambitieux de réduction de leurs émissions. Valentin Georges Paul Vertier 2026-07-22 Beyond Emissions: Assessing the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Investment and Technological Progress https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cvi:wpaper:2025-002-01&r=&r=env G. Ishara Musimwa Yves Togba Boboy Xiyong Dong 2025-02 Rain Follows the Forest: Land Use Policy, Climate Change, and Adaptation https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35695&r=&r=env Human actions can alter the climate via land use. We analyze the 1930s Great Plains Shelterbelt, a large-scale forestation program across the US Midwest. The program increased precipitation and decreased temperatures for decades. We measure these changes in downwind counties where no trees were planted, isolating the effects of climate from those of afforestation and enabling us to study adaptation. Improved growing conditions allowed farmers to expand corn acreage and adopt water-intensive practices. In a period of farm consolidation, this altered the structure of the agricultural sector, contributing to the survival of small farms but less farm machine usage. The findings demonstrate the endogeneity of climate to land use change and the long-term impacts of tree planting on agricultural development. Florian Grosset-Touba Anna Papp Charles A. Taylor 2026-09 HKC09 - Climate change increases bilateral trade costs https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cxv:wpaper:2606&r=&r=env It is well established that climate change affects productivity, but its effects on trade costs have not been studied. I combine international trade and weather data covering 190 years and show how an augmented gravity framework can be used to estimate the impact of climate change on bilateral trade cost. I find that climate change, as measured by decadal temperature shifts at the origin or destination country, increases them. Adaptation to these changes seems slow. They appear to be driven by impacts on maritime trade in particular, perhaps due to the vulnerability of seaports to climate change. Combining these results with a standard international trade model, I find that 2010s welfare would increase by 1.7 percent if we could undo the impact of climate change on trade cost over the preceding 100 years. Welfare gains depend not only on countries’ own climate trends, but also on their neighbors’ trajectories. Smaller economies, which are more reliant on international trade, are especially affected. Ignoring this trade cost channel and focusing only on productivity impacts leads to a nine percent underestimate of the welfare effect of climate change, with larger differences for smaller open economies. Because it is based on a gravity framework, my methodology can easily be embedded in studies of the impact of climate change. Huppertz, Maximilian 2026-08-28 Implementation options for partial ETS variants for the agri-food sector https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae25:410291&r=&r=env Context Emission trading systems (ETS) have long been considered an efficient strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and have been discussed and analysed also as an option for the agricultural sector. However, such system comes with different costs regarding the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of agricultural emissions cost depending if larger group of farmers or small numbers of processors are considered. In addition, the proposed system may perform different if the permit rights are granted to the farmers or the processing industry. Objective This study analyses different versions of the ETS for application to agricultural emissions. The focus is put on the comparison of different options for the point of obligation which relates to MRV options and the distribution of emission allowances. Main goals are to quantify the potential income effects of different ETS variants with respect to the point of obligation and emission allowances and the environmental effects with respect to the monitoring system. Methods Using the Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact Analysis (CAPRI) model, a detailed agricultural sector model, the study simulates impacts of different versions of ETS in Europe. The model facilitates an evaluation of the potential changes in income, production, market prices, trade dynamics, and environmental indicators, providing a comprehensive view of the policy's potential effects. Results and conclusions We illustrate that the degree of monitoring technical mitigation measures in agriculture is critical for the abatement effects as well as for the regional seller or buyer position of regions. The income effects are shown to depend critically on the point of obligation, if the permit entitlements are granted for free to agent subject to the ETS. Witzke, Peter Deppermann, Andre Hristov, Jordan Environmental Economics and Policy 2025 Adding flexibility to payments for environmental services enhances cost-effectiveness in the Brazilian Amazon https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05735513&r=&r=env Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are widely used to protect tropical forests, but rigid pricing may fail when landowners' opportunity costs fluctuate. Inflexible incentives can lead to contract breaches, reducing environmental benefits. We test whether flexible PES contracts improve outcomes by allowing partial payments when deforestation remains below a threshold. Using a Becker-DeGroot-Marschak auction within a randomized controlled trial, we compare a flexible PES contract, a zero-deforestation contract, and a control group. Although the zero-deforestation contract had greater potential to avoid deforestation, high breach rates reduced realized conservation. The flexible PES contract, while more costly due to higher compliance, achieved greater forest protection per hectare: participants deforested 31% less than under the stringent contract in the peak period (95% CI [2%, 60%], d = 0.12). These findings suggest that flexible PES contracts can improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of conservation programs. Gabriela Demarchi Julie Subervie Cauê D Carrilho Thibault Catry Antoine Pfefer Philippe Delacote 2026 Contributions of the Cisterns Programme to the achievement of SDG 2 (Food security and sustainable agriculture) and SDG 6 (Water security) https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idpben:007&r=&r=env César Nunes de Castro Cisterns Programme; SDG 2; SDG 6; water access; food security; Semi-arid Brazil; rainwater harvesting 2026-07 Climate Change in the Classroom https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hka:wpaper:2026-008&r=&r=env Knowledge gaps and biased beliefs concerning both climate change and climate policy represent major obstacles to the decarbonization process. Climate education may offer a scalable solution to address such obstacles. In the context of a national reform of the school curriculum in Italy, we implemented a nationwide field experiment, training thousands of secondary school teachers across thousands of schools using a staggered design. Our intervention, a comprehensive course on climate change and climate policy, goes beyond the light-touch interventions typical in the literature. Using extensive survey data, we examine how training affects teachers' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and policy preferences and, in turn, those of students. Our study highlights important initial knowledge gaps and biased beliefs about climate change among teachers and students, and provides evidence that climate education can address them at scale. Following our intervention, teachers and students also reconsider their support for climate policies. Stefano Carattini Pamela Giustinelli Marcella Veronesi climate change, climate policies, field experiment, biased beliefs, public support, climate education, secondary education 2026-08 Implementing facilitation practices for vineyard adaptation to climate change : lessons from the VINID’OCC LAB in Occitanie France https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05743951&r=&r=env Ines Maranon Jean-Marc Touzard Facilitation approach, Living lab, Climate change, Viticulture 2026-06-29 Challenges and opportunities of technology implementation in energy communities for the provision of electricity service https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000122:023621&r=&r=env Facing the challenge of transforming the current energy landscape towards a more sustainable one that helps to reduce greenhouse gases, the energy transition has been considered as the main strategy for reducing CO2 emissions, in which energy communities have begun to play a key role, especially in Europe. Therefore, this paper, through a literature review in the markets that have advanced the most in the implementation of energy communities and interviews with experts in the Colombian electricity market, aims to conduct a qualitative analysis to identify the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of smart contracts to incorporate energy communities in the Colombian energy market. Although opportunities derived from energy communities are evident, such as i) environmental, with the reduction of CO2 emissions, ii) economic, related to obtaining additional income from the sale of surplus energy produced to the system and participating in the demand response mechanism; iii) social, such as mitigating energy poverty and improving the health conditions of households that cook with firewood. However, there are challenges for the implementation of blockchain and smart contracts and one of the main barriers, under the current government, is institutional, increasing legal uncertainty, which has led to a deterioration of incentives and uncertainty for domestic and foreign investors. John García Rendón Felipe Idrobo Mejía Mariana Restrepo López Blockchain; Smart contracts; Energy communities, ; Distributed energy resource; Non-Conventional Renewable Energy; Prosumers; Sustainability. 2026 Regenerative Climate Economics: A Capital Architecture for the Age of Permanent Crisis https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:evk:wpaper:climate&r=&r=env Climate adaptation fails repeatedly, and not primarily for want of money — the adaptation finance gap is real, measured and large, and this paper is not a denial of it. It fails also, and separately, because the capital systems financing it are misaligned with the physical and temporal dynamics of climate risk. Adaptation is governed by a political fragility cycle: short electoral cycles override the long, recurring lifetimes of climate assets, and grants, debt, insurance and annual appropriations are each single-cycle or liability-bearing. We define PSC-C, the political-fragility mode of Perennial Social Capital, whose function is not financial but constitutional: it separates capital cycles from political cycles, so pumps, levees, coastal buffers, cooling centres and fire equipment are replaced predictably across government turnover. The formal content is one constraint — the capital activation schedule is fixed ex ante and invariant to the political cycle — which is the decoupling condition written on the schedule rather than the stock, and that is what rules out silent deferral. âš ï¸ Sovereign disaster risk finance raises the sharpest objection. Its layering of reserves, contingent credit and risk transfer observes that ex-post liquidity may face fewer political-economy constraints than ex-ante reserving. â–¶ The reply is that the two address different objects: layering finances losses arriving at unknown times, while this paper concerns replacement, which has a known distribution even where the date is uncertain. A pool prices the whole distribution of replacement dates; a credit line prices only its tail. Neither reduces to the other. At national scale PSC-C gives local governments autonomous multi-decade capital cycles while preserving fiscal neutrality; extended globally it yields a federated Global Regenerative Climate Fund. âš ï¸ The constraint does not extend unchanged: federation inherits one political cycle per member, so the global proposition is that jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction pools compose — weaker than the national case establishes. The central claim is that adaptation does not primarily require more capital; it requires capital that behaves differently. âš ï¸ What PSC-C preserves is governance continuity, not a regenerating principal; what it depoliticises is replenishment, not entry. Roshan Ghadamian climate adaptation, capital governance, political fragility, PSC-C, capital constitution, deferred maintenance, adaptation finance, Global Regenerative Climate Fund 2025-11 Distributional and Emission Effects of Temporary Gasoline Subsidies: Evidence from Spain https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vig:wpaper:2603&r=&r=env In response to the sharp rise in fuel prices following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, many governments introduced temporary fuel subsidies to shield households from higher energy costs. This paper evaluates the distributional and environmental effects of Spain’s fuel subsidy policy. We combine household-level estimates of gasoline price elasticities from the Household Budget Survey with weekly retail fuel price data to estimate the pass-through of the subsidy to consumers. We find an average short-run gasoline price elasticity of 0.55 and incomplete pass-through, with only 89% of the subsidy reflected in retail prices. As a result, part of the fiscal transfer was captured by fuel retailers, while the benefits accrued disproportionately to higher-income households: the lowest income quartile received 12.4% of total benefits compared with 28.4% for the highest quartile. We also identify substantial regional heterogeneity in this distribution. The subsidy also increased fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Overall, the findings suggest that uniform fuel subsidies are poorly targeted and can conflict with both equity and environmental policy objectives. Xulia González María J. Moral Fuel subsidy, price elasticity, gasoline prices, distributional equity, emissions 2026-09 Policy coherence for a sustainable land use governance: The effectiveness and implementation of land use policies in Brazil and the role of the Deforestation-Free Products Regulation (EUDR) https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:343568&r=&r=env Achieving sustainable land-use governance in tropical commodity-producing countries requires coherent policy frameworks capable of balancing agricultural production, forest conservation, climate mitigation, and rural development. In Brazil, the implementation of the European Union Deforestation-Free Products Regulation (EUDR) introduces new opportunities and challenges by linking market access to legality, traceability, and deforestation-free production. This study evaluates the coherence of Brazil's land-use governance framework and examines how the EUDR may influence the effectiveness and implementation of existing policy instruments. A mixed-methods approach combined a systematic review of more than 100 national laws, decrees, plans, and private initiatives with policy network analysis, and 45 semi-structured interviews involving representatives from government, academia, civil society, producer organizations, financial institutions, and the private sector. Operational policy instruments were grouped into 11 categories, and stakeholders assessed their effectiveness, implementation status, and the expected implications of the EUDR. Results show that Brazil has a diversified institutional framework for sustainable land-use governance, but important implementation gaps persist. While national policies emphasize conservation, climate, and forest production, stakeholders perceive conventional agriculture as the dominant force shaping current land use. Land registration, monitoring, private land regularization, public forest governance, and measures to combat illegality emerged as the most central and effective policy instruments, although their implementation remains constrained by institutional fragmentation and limited enforcement capacity. Due diligence and traceability instruments are already well integrated into the governance framework, highlighting strong complementarities with EUDR requirements. Although it's direct contribution to reducing deforestation is expected to be limited, stakeholders predominantly perceive the EUDR as an important catalyst for improving policy coherence and reinforcing Brazil's existing governance architecture toward more sustainable and deforestation-free supply chains. Salomão, Caroline Fischer, Richard Land-use governance, Policy coherence, EUDR, Traceability, Deforestation-free supply chains, Landnutzungspolitik, Politikkohärenz, EU-Verordnung über entwaldungsfreie Produkte (EUDR), Rückverfolgbarkeit, Entwaldungsfreie Lieferketten 2026 Greening Prosperity Stripes 2: Consumption-Based Refinement https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rdg:emxxdp:em-dp2026-09&r=&r=env This paper is a sequel to my 'greening prosperity stripes' article, Mihailov (2026). It refines the calculation of these illustrative color stripes to take into account consumption-based, or trade-embodied, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, not production-based CO2 emissions as in the earlier study, thus revealing the influence of, in particular, offshoring polluting industries. Yet, the refined indicator comes at the cost of losing nearly half of the countries in the world and most country groupings in the World Bank classification, due to unavailability of such data. Nevertheless, it offers a more precise - and, perhaps, fairer - image, relative to the original production-based greening prosperity stripes, of how green(ing) is the prosperity for most countries in the world. The novelty of this sequel paper consists in illustrating clearly the difference between the two indicators of greening prosperity, in pairs of comparative graphs. Because images and colors have power to impress human minds deeper than words, the greening prosperity stripes, in addition to raising awareness and mobilizing immediate climate policy action worldwide, can essentially be used to track the progress of each country in comparison with other countries toward the goal of net zero. Ideally, an annually updated public-domain website could serve this crucial monitoring function at a global scale in a straightforward way with immediate online illustration and verification. Alexander Mihailov consumption-based (or trade-embodied) greening prosperity stripes and maps; production-based greening prosperity stripes and maps; comparative colormap data visualization; communicating science to raise public awareness; tracking progress to net zero 2026-09-12 Air Pollution and Climate-Mitigation Innovation: A Spatial Optimal Control Approach https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2026-21&r=&r=env We develop a spatial optimal-control model in which air pollution and climate-mitigation innovation evolve jointly through a coupled reaction–diffusion system. We characterize stability and optimal policy, derive closed-form controls under spatial homogeneity, and obtain bounds for nonlinear dynamics. Using data from 1, 181 European NUTS 3 regions over 2005–2020, we estimate the reaction–diffusion dynamics and simulate the optimal policy mix under alternative welfare valuations of pollution-generating activities. Pollution exhibits strong spatial diffusion, whereas innovation diffusion is limited. Innovation is associated with lower subsequent pollution growth, while higher pollution is followed by stronger innovation growth. The optimal policy mix combines environmental regulation and innovation support, but their timing and persistence differ. Abatement may be immediate or delayed depending on the net welfare contribution of pollution-generating activities, while sustained innovation support depends on the value assigned to the terminal innovation stock. Luca Bargna Davide La Torre Benjamin Montmartin Lionel Nesta Optimal control; Reaction–diffusion systems; Pollution; Innovation; Spatial econometrics 2026-09 The political economy of China's electric vehicle transition: eco-authoritarianism and policy durability https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:140991&r=&r=env There is an ongoing debate amongst scholars as to whether democratic or authoritarian political systems are more effective in achieving climate policy outcomes. In this article, we follow the latter trend through the concept of eco-authoritarianism, proposing that it is the appropriate way to understand China’s approach to the green transition. Drawing on primary and secondary data on China’s electric vehicle (EV) transition, we make two contributions to the environmental politics literature. First, we go beyond the current high-level theorising of eco-authoritarianism by identifying political architecture, ambitions & priorities, and state capacity as key to applying the concept. Second, we provide an empirical account of China’s EV transition through these dimensions as core features of eco-authoritarianism, finding that they create policy durability – effective coordination of policies across the state apparatus, policy consistency over time, and market-shaping levels of policy support. Jackson, James Larsen, Mathias China;climate policy;eco-authoritarianism;eElectric vehicles;green transition;industrial policy 2026-09-12 Emissions-adjusted total factor productivity https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:140962&r=&r=env In many economies, the recent productivity slowdown coincided with declines in carbon dioxide emissions. Productivity statistics ignore this progress, even though lower emissions raise future consumption. We propose emissions-adjusted total factor productivity (TFPE), a forward-looking, welfare-relevant productivity measure. TFPE requires few assumptions, relying on the social cost of carbon as a sufficient statistic. At recent consensus estimates of the social cost of carbon, U.S. TFPE could grow twice as fast as TFP during a transition to net zero by 2050. At these costs of carbon, historical productivity adjustments are modest; at higher values, the post-2005 U.S. productivity slowdown disappears. In other countries, TFPE growth significantly exceeds TFP growth during the 1990s. De Ridder, Maarten Rachel, Lukasz total factor productivity;growth accounting;national accounts;climate damages 2026-09-11 JRC study on harmonised rules for the calculation and verification of recycled content in batteries https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146717&r=&r=env Article 8 of the Batteries Regulation ((EU) 2023/1542) sets out an obligation for manufacturers of industrial batteries with a capacity greater than 2 kWh to issue documentation on the percentage share of cobalt, lithium or nickel present in the active material that has been recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste, as well as the percentage share of lead in the battery that originates from waste. The methodology for calculating and verifying the recycled content share of cobalt, lithium, nickel and lead in batteries placed on the EU market is to be established in a Delegated Act. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) has been tasked by the Directorate‑General for the Environment (DG ENV) and the Directorate‑General for the Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) to produce techno-scientific recommendations that will underpin the forthcoming Delegated Act. Drawing on a systematic literature review, stakeholder workshops and bilateral industry meetings, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the battery value chain, focusing on the four targeted metals. It maps existing standards, certifications schemes and supply-chain practices and underscores the complexity of the battery value chain and the associated traceability challenges. The report examines the trade-offs of different chain of custody models – analysing possible effects on business continuity, resource efficiency, climate change mitigation, consumer’s confidence, ease of verification and administrative burden – and presents detailed calculation and verification blueprints for two traceability options. Pierri Erika Orefice Martina Garcia-gutierrez Pelayo Bobba Silvia Gaudillat Pierre Mathieux Fabrice Huygens Dries 2026-08 Come rain or shine: Precipitation levels and food insecurity in Brazilian households https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:017&r=&r=env Ricardo Campante Vale precipitation; food insecurity; climate change; Brazil; rainfall variability; PNADC; EBIA 2026-07 Should Governments Subsidize Resource-Using Variety-Expanding Innovation or Resource-Substituting Innovation? https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kgu:wpaper:314&r=&r=env This study introduces endogenous resource-substituting innovation into a variety-expanding endogenous growth model with polluting non-renewable resources. The resulting task-based framework highlights the trade-off between resource-using variety-expanding innovation and resource-substituting innovation. We examine how subsidies for these two types of innovation affect economic growth and welfare, and how environmental policies that slow resource extraction and mitigate pollution shape these effects. Subsidies for new-variety R&D promote growth through faster variety expansion but reduce it through greater reliance on resource extraction, reflected in a lower share of firms adopting resource-substituting production methods and higher resource intensity in aggregate production. Subsidies for resource-substituting innovation have the opposite effects. Calibrating the model, we find that raising subsidies for new-variety R&D is more likely to improve welfare in resource-rich economies, whereas raising subsidies for resource-substituting innovation is more likely to improve welfare in resource-poor economies. We also find that more stringent environmental policies that conserve resources and mitigate pollution strengthen the welfare gains from subsidies for resource-substituting innovation, while weakening those from new-variety R&D subsidies. Riku Watanabe Ken Tabata Non-Renewable Resources, Resource-Substituting Innovation, R&D-based Growth 2026-09 Come rain or shine: Precipitation and food insecurity in Brazilian households https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idpben:010&r=&r=env Ricardo Campante Vale precipitation; food insecurity; Brazil; climate change; rainfall variability; PNADC; EBIA 2026-07 Assessing government subsidies for reducing pesticide use: A meta-analysis https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05738301&r=&r=env In the efforts being made by governments to reduce pesticide use, subsidies are an important instrument to encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable practices. Yet, their effectiveness remains uncertain due to diverse designs and contexts. To date, there are no study that provide systematic synthesized evidence on the potentially heterogeneous effects of subsidies on pesticide use. The present study addresses this gap by conducting a meta-analysis of 39 empirical studies (208 models) from the EU and other developed countries that examine the effects of subsidies on (i) direct measurement of pesticide use and (ii) indirect measurement of pesticide use based on the adoption of pesticide-reducing practices. Using probit meta-regressions and qualitative appraisal, we find two key results. First, for EU studies, Pillar I and Pillar II subsidies have opposite effects on pesticide use: Pillar II subsidies are more likely than Pillar I subsidies to reduce pesticide use. Second, if we consider studies from both the EU and the US, subsidies that target adoption of whole-farm systems or bundles of practices outperform those targeting a single practice in reducing pesticide use. We provide some policy recommendations for policy design and highlight future research priorities. Gaëlle Leduc Douadia Bougherara Thi Thanh Mai Ha Laure Latruffe H50 Implementing pro-environmental farming practices, Q18, farm | meta-analysis | pesticides | risk of bias | subsidies JEL Classification: Q12, farm | meta-analysis | pesticides | risk of bias | subsidies JEL Classification: Q12 Q18 H50 Implementing pro-environmental farming practices, Risk of bias, Meta-analysis, Pesticides, Farms, Subsidies 2026 Air Pollution and Learning https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35670&r=&r=env Nearly the entire world's population breathes air exceeding WHO pollution guidelines, but the extent to which that exposure impairs the accumulation of human capital is not well understood. We study this using longitudinal PSAT data on nearly 10 million U.S. high school students, comparing the same student's scores across attempts preceded by differing air quality and instrumenting for local PM2.5 with smoke from distant wildfires. A year of observed pollution exposure reduces learning by 0.04-0.06 standard deviations, or 14-19% of typical annual score growth. The damage comes almost entirely from moderate pollution days (8–12 μg/m3), below the EPA's historical standard, and from exposure during the school year rather than summer, pointing to instructional disruption as a mechanism. Effects are three times larger in disadvantaged schools and among Black and Hispanic students, who are harmed more by the same exposure. Exposure to air pollution widens achievement gaps. A. Patrick Behrer Joshua Goodman J. Parker Goyer R. Jisung Park 2026-08 Schutz und Wiedervernässung von Moorböden: Empfehlungen für die Landes- und Regionalplanung https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:arlpos:343584&r=&r=env Die Wiedervernässung entwässerter Moor- und weiterer organischer Böden ist für den Klimaschutz von zentraler Bedeutung, erfordert jedoch eine enge Verzahnung von Raumordnung, Wasserwirtschaft, Flurneuordnung und Flächenmanagement. In diesem Positionspapier wird aufgezeigt, wie die Landes- und Regionalplanung den Moorbodenschutz wirksam unterstützen kann: durch die Ausweisung von Vorranggebieten zum Schutz und zur Wiedervernässung von Moorböden, die Streichung von Vorranggebieten für den Torfabbau, die Einführung bzw. Weiterentwicklung von Gebieten für den natürlichen Klimaschutz sowie durch koordinierende Beiträge bei großflächigen Wiedervernässungsprojekten. Darüber hinaus werden institutionelle Optionen zur behördlichen Zusammenarbeit, notwendige Anpassungen wasser- und förderrechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen sowie Maßnahmen für eine effizientere Flurbereinigung und eine strategische Finanzierung aufgezeigt. Das Papier formuliert praxisorientierte Empfehlungen, wie Moorbodenschutz planerisch verankert, Umsetzungshürden abgebaut und die Wiedervernässung als überörtliche öffentliche Aufgabe beschleunigt werden kann. Einig, Klaus Grotefels, Susan Harms, Alexander Hirschelmann, Sophie Kapitza, Katharina Kießling, Nadine Linke, Christoph Löb, Stephan Schnurr, Tamara Sondermann, Martin Uhl, Thorsten Wojatschke, Annie Moorbodenschutz, Wiedervernässung, Raumordnung, Landesplanung, Regionalplanung, Klimaschutz, Planungsinstrumente, Peatland management, rewetting, spatial planning, state planning, regional planning, climate protection, planning instruments 2026 Banks and nature: How strongly does the banking sector in Germany depend on ecosystem services? https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubtps:343576&r=&r=env This study examines the dependency of the banking sector in Germany on ecosystem services through its corporate lending. Ecosystem services are derived from nature's capacity to provide inputs for economic activity. We analyze how banks overall and categories of banks in Germany depend on ecosystem services, both directly and indirectly. Our findings indicate that banks are particularly reliant on a number of ecosystem services that relate either to water resources, or to water-regulating aspects. Additionally, indirect dependencies from supply chain connections frequently outweigh direct ones, and regionally focused banks show higher dependencies on ecosystem services compared to other categories of banks. These results underscore the importance of a better comprehension of nature-related risks and their implications for banks. Becker, Annette Dransfeld, Marvin Genswein, Fabian Kormanyos, Emily Krischak, Paolo Schlam, Carina Thomas, Julia Banks, Biodiversity, Corporate loans, Dependency on ecosystem services, Germany, Nature-related risk, Supply chains, Water 2026 The Italian Municipality Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Index (MESWI) https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2608.26426&r=&r=env This paper develops the Municipal Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Index (MESWI) for all Italian municipalities, extending the 12-domain BES framework to the local level through 49 indicators. Results reveal substantial territorial heterogeneity that regional and provincial statistics may conceal. The North-South divide remains the dominant geographical pattern and is considerably stronger than the difference between inner and non-inner areas. At the same time, municipalities within the same regions and territorial categories display markedly different well-being profiles. Remoteness is associated with weaker services and socio-economic opportunities but also with stronger environmental performance. The MESWI provides a fine-grained picture of multidimensional well-being and a potential information base for the programming, monitoring and evaluation of place-based policies. Nicola Caravaggio Giuliano Resce Agapito Emanuele Santangelo 2026-08 Claims on What Remains https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20260067&r=&r=env We study ordered claims problems in which availability of a resource changes across positions according to a stationary linear transition structure. Our main motivating example is the allocation of river water with conveyance loss. Allocations assigned to agents at different positions have different implications for their feasibility and for resource requirements. We characterise a class of geometric allocation rules in which claims are weighted by a constant multiplicative factor along the ordering and then scaled to the feasibility boundary. We apply these rules to two settings that capture opposing transition effects. In river water allocation the geometric weighting factor balances proportional sharing with efficiency considerations that would favour upstream agents. In a setting of river pollution with pollution decay, a geometric rule balances equal access to pollution rights with a reduction of pollution damage when favouring upstream agents. Erik Ansink Hans-Peter Weikard 2026-09-06 Sustainable Urban River Space Transformations: An Interdisciplinary Spatial Agenda for Research and Practice https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:crw3h_v1&r=&r=env Riverfront regeneration increasingly features in current sustainable urban transformations worldwide. However, this phenomenon is not yet grasped in its full complexity, which challenges our understanding of what constitutes a sustainable transformation. In this paper, we argue that adopting a morphological approach that treats rivers and cities equally is essential for understanding urban river spaces and their transformations. Drawing on 17 worldwide cases of river space transformation, we identify recurring challenges and opportunities, including climate adaptation, land-use change, data availability, context sensitivity, and knowledge transfer. We inventory current methods, datasets, and tools to assess their suitability and sufficiency for answering current research questions and enabling new ones. We also posit that integrated and scalable approaches are needed to combine qualitative and quantitative methods, support cross-case comparison, and remain adaptable to local conditions. As a first foundational step towards local integrated and global cross-case analyses, we introduce urban river space delineation as the basis for comparable analysis and present rcrisp, an open-source tool for automated and scalable morphological delineation of urban river spaces. Finally, we emphasise that advancing this agenda requires community and capacity building across disciplines and sectors, so that methods and tools can be shared, refined and extended. By connecting cases, methods and communities, the paper calls for collective action to build a common language and evidence base for sustainable urban river space transformation. Forgaci, Claudiu Nattino, Francesco Stan, Angelica Alidoost, Fakhereh Montezuma, Mila Avellar Bektaş, Bilge Nur de Boer, Lieke Cannatella, Daniele d'Avila, Rodrigo Ellenbroek, Ilse 2026-09-02 Familiar Taste, Safer Choices: Sensory Heuristics and the Adoption of Clean Water https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2026_2609&r=&r=env We provide experimental evidence from rural Egypt on the benefits of incorporating sensory familiarity into the design of health interventions in developing countries. Using a “taste-preserving” filtration technology that mimics the local water profile, we find adoption rates of 91 percent, far exceeding the 50 percent ceiling previously documented for chlorinated water. Willingness to pay is 61 percent higher for filtered water than chlorinated water. Mechanism tests show that familiar taste strongly shapes perceptions of water’s healthiness, suggesting that alignment with imprinted sensory preferences improves uptake of health technologies. Giulia Buccione Martín A. Rossi Chlorination, water-borne diseases, field experiments, Egypt. 2026-07 Die EU-Luftfahrt zwischen Krise und Klimapolitik: Handlungsoptionen zwischen Kerosin-Schock und Revision des Emissionshandels https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:343115&r=&r=env Der Iran-Krieg hatte zur Folge, dass sich die Kerosinpreise etwa verdoppelten und Fluggesellschaften tausende Flüge streichen mussten. Aus der Branche sind Stimmen mit dem Ansinnen zu vernehmen, klimapolitische Auflagen zu lockern. Doch sie verkennen, was die Krise tatsächlich zeigt: Nicht zu viel Klimapolitik treibt die Kosten, sondern die Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energien selbst. 2026/27 entscheidet die EU, ob sie die seit 2013 geltende Ausnahmeregelung ("Stop the clock") für internationale Flüge beendet und das Emissionshandelssystem auf alle Abflüge aus dem Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum ausweitet oder ob diese weiterhin unter internationalen Kompensationsmechanismen bleiben. Die Entscheidung hat Konsequenzen weit über die Luftfahrt hinaus: für das 2040-Klimaziel, für die Nachfrage nach dauerhafter CO2-Entnahme und für die Glaubwürdigkeit europäischer Klimaarchitektur. Brazzola, Nicoletta Carbon Off-setting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), EU-Luftfahrt, Iran-Krieg, Klimapolitik, nachhaltige Luftfahrttreibstoffe, Sustainable Aviation Fuels, SAF, EU-Emissionshandelssystem, ETS, Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, CORSIA, Artikel-6.4-Gutschriften, ReFuelEU-Verordnung, UN-Zivilluftfahrtorganisation, ICAO, CO2-Entnahme, CDR, direkte Luftabscheidung mit Speicherung, DACCS 2026 Italy: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Climate Physical Risk Analysis https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2026/237&r=&r=env Italy is highly exposed to climate‑related physical risks, particularly floods. This reflects its geographic location, hydro‑morphological characteristics, and high concentration of economic activity and population in flood‑prone areas. Floods are among the most frequent and damaging natural hazards affecting the country. Climate change is increasing the frequency of intense precipitation events, and consequently the occurrence and intensity of floods. At the same time, Italy has one of the largest natural catastrophe (NatCat) insurance protection gaps in Europe, leaving households, firms, and public finances exposed to uninsured losses and increasing reliance on post‑disaster government support. International Monetary Fund 2026-09-03 Natural Disasters and the Nonprofit Sector https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.04136&r=&r=env When natural disasters strike, individuals, communities, and even entire countries can suffer. Researchers have studied the impacts of disasters on various factors of interest, from mental health, to poverty, to economic activity. However, the impact of disasters on the nonprofit sector is understudied despite the nonprofit sector's perhaps surprising role in local or national economies as well as its role in disaster response and recovery. Thus, we study the effect of natural disaster damage on different county-level nonprofit outcomes using a panel dataset spanning 1991 to 2021 and causal inference methods tailored to panel data. Contrary to prior work, which found small but positive associations between disaster damage and nonprofit revenue or assets, we find no evidence of a causal effect. Mayleen Cortez-Rodriguez 2026-09 Clean water: a case for public ownership (2026) https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gpe:wpaper:54313&r=&r=env England and Wales’s privatised water system—unique in the world for its full divestment of water and sewerage assets—has failed on every major promise made at privatisation. The report shows that prices have more than doubled in real terms, environmental performance has deteriorated, and private owners have extracted vast sums while investing none of their own capital. As the document states, “the prices charged are now more than double in real terms their level before privatisation” and “shareholders have actually taken out over £95 billion since privatisation.” Water and sewerage systems were historically created and financed by municipalities, not private capital. The 1989 privatisation was justified on claims of efficiency, investment, and consumer benefit—none of which materialised. Instead, the government subsidised the new companies with £5.7bn in transferred profits, £6.5bn in debt write offs, and a £1.5bn “green dowry.” Ownership has since consolidated into opaque international financial groups, sovereign wealth funds, and private equity. UK pension funds hold just 1% of shares in the listed water groups. Privatisation abolished democratic oversight and replaced it with regulators structurally biased toward company profitability. OFWAT’s statutory duty prioritises ensuring company profits over consumer protection. The report highlights that OFWAT even granted companies 25 year notice periods before licences can be terminated—effectively “eternal” monopolies. Regulators have been weakened by government cuts and corporate capture, with a revolving door between OFWAT and water companies. Public trust has collapsed: only 23% of people believe companies act responsibly. OFWAT has approved a 36% real terms bill increase for 2025–30, front loaded with a 26% rise in the first year. Yet companies routinely underspend on capital investment while extracting dividends. Between 2020–25, £5.6bn was paid out; since 1990, £89.6bn has been extracted in dividends alone. Shareholders have not financed the investment. Instead, consumers have paid for nearly all capital expenditure, while companies have accumulated £75bn in debt—largely used to fund dividends. Under investment has driven widespread sewage pollution and chronic leakage. Sewage spills more than doubled to 3.6 million hours in 2023. Leakage remains high, with some companies, including Welsh Water, falsifying performance data. The report notes that overspills stem from “chronic under capacity of the English wastewater systems.” Globally, 90% of water systems are public. Scotland’s public model delivers higher investment, lower bills, and far lower financial waste. International remunicipalisation—from Paris to Berlin—demonstrates the advantages of democratic, non profit water management. Public ownership in England and Wales would eliminate financial extraction, restore democratic accountability, and enable long term planning for environmental resilience. The report outlines three viable routes to achieve public ownership: 1. Normalising licences and allowing them to expire within 1 year. 2. Special Administration, enabling transfer to public bodies without compensation. 3. Legislation, with compensation determined by Parliament—not market value. Andrea Egan, General Secretary of Unison, writes in her foreword: "This report exposes the structural weaknesses at the heart of privatisation: a model built on financial extraction, weak regulation, and a lack of democratic accountability. It also shows that this is not inevitable. Across much of the world, water services remain in public hands and are delivered more effectively, more transparently, and at lower cost. UNISON is committed to securing a system that works in the public interest—one that ensures safe, sustainable and affordable water for all. Central to that vision is public ownership, democratic oversight, and a properly resourced workforce delivering essential services. The debate on the future of water is now firmly in the public domain. This report provides the evidence base to inform that debate and to support the case for change. Doing nothing is not an option. It is time to act." Hall, David Lobina, Emanuele Gray, Conor water; sewerage; public ownership; privatisation 2026-08-25 Cisternas Programme and the SDGs: Contributions to food security and water access https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:014&r=&r=env Cesar Nunes de Castro Cisternas Programme; water access; food security; SDG 2; SDG 6; rural Brazil 2026-07 The Dynamics of Household Financial Fragility: Natural Disasters and Asymmetric Regime Transitions https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12974&r=&r=env We develop a dynamic approach to household financial fragility, conceptualized as an unobserved latent state spanning objective precautionary liquidity and subjective appraisals of solvency and borrowing capacity. Using five waves (2021-2025) of the Federal Reserve's SHED and estimating a latent Markov model, we identify three fragility regimes — Secure, Coping, and Fragile—and trace transitions following natural disaster exposure. Disaster exposure exhibits an asymmetric relationship with financial deterioration: higher odds of downward transitions — Secure to Coping and Coping to Fragile — but no statistically detectable association with upward transitions. We find no evidence that race or gender moderates these dynamics, but age does. Relative to prime-age adults, younger adults show a bifurcated response: disaster exposure is linked to higher odds of both climbing to Secure and falling to Fragile from Coping. Older adults, by contrast, have elevated odds of falling from Coping to Fragile, without evidence of an offsetting recovery. Our framework highlights state-dependent, asymmetric transition dynamics and persistent financial scarring that remain invisible to conventional analyses. Peter Grajzl Benedikt Wick household financial fragility, natural disasters, latent Markov models, asymmetric regime transitions, life-cycle heterogeneity 2026 The Making of Modern Latin American Agriculture: A Long-Run Perspective (1870-2020) https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2604&r=&r=env Latin American agriculture has been fundamental to understanding the region’s long-run economic development. Historically, both agricultural output and productivity have experienced substantial growth. Divergences in geographical characteristics—such as climate, altitude, and terrain ruggedness—alongside institutional frameworks, agrarian reforms, and varying patterns of integration into global markets, have fostered distinct national experiences and varying degrees of developmental persistence. This work examines these overarching trends in Latin American agriculture from 1870 to 2020, while accounting for country-specific heterogeneities. Factors such as exposure to international markets, technological shifts during the first wave of globalization and the subsequent Green Revolution, institutional transformations, and adaptation to local environmental and geographical conditions have collectively shaped the evolution of Latin American agriculture. Miguel Martín-Retortillo Vicente Pinilla Jackeline Velazco Henry Willebald Latin American Economic History, Latin American Agriculture, Agricultural TFP 2026-09 Navigating the Steel Transition amid Global Excess Capacity https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:194-en&r=&r=env The global steel industry is at a crossroads, facing the two interconnected challenges of addressing excess capacity and preparing for a low-emissions future. These two challenges are mutually reinforcing. Excess capacity affects the pace at which low-emission capacity adjustments take place, reduces companies’ ability to invest in low-emission capacity and R&D and alters market price signals. Conversely, policies promoting the adoption of low-emission technologies can help steer capacity towards more sustainable production when properly designed but also may trigger new waves of excess capacity if built in a way that displaces market-based low emission production without reducing overall capacity. Drawing on recent developments in the global steel sector, this paper examines the mechanisms through which excess capacity hampers the transition to low emission technologies. It finds that persistent overcapacity depresses steel prices, squeezes profit margins, increases earnings volatility and borrowing costs, and limits the availability of internal financing for technology deployment. Excess capacity also raises the relative price premium of low-emission steel products, weakening demand signals and delaying investment decisions. At the same time, subsidisation and capacity expansion in non-market economies risk perpetuating existing distortions and creating a new generation of excess capacity in low-emission forms. OECD excess capacity, industrial decarbonisation, industrial restructuring, low carbon, steel industry, transition 2026-09-22 A Scenario Analysis of Financing Options for Energy Retrofits Among Irish Mortgage Holders https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbi:stafin:12/si/26&r=&r=env Retrofitting homes to a Building Energy Rating (BER) of B2 or higher generates net lifetime savings for most households, particularly for those with a starting BER of C3 or lower. Financial benefits would improve significantly if 'Net Zero' climate targets are achieved as, in such a scenario, expectations would be for higher fossil fuel prices and lower electricity prices. Retrofitting through loan financing can create short-term cash flow pressures which may pose a significant barrier for many households. Longer loan terms and mortgage top-ups are the most effective means of smoothing costs over time, though they may result in higher lifetime credit costs. For Ireland to achieve its national climate targets and reduce household exposure to transition risk our findings underscore the importance of tailored financing options and supportive policies to encourage retrofitting at scale. Carroll, James Lambert, Derek Lyons, Paul O'Callaghan, Andrew Franklin, Joel McCoy, Daire Coyne, Bryan 2026-07 A large-scale check-all-that-apply (CATA) study of the sensory characteristics of white and red wines produced from fungus-resistant grape varieties in the South of France https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05744082&r=&r=env Fungus-resistant grape varieties (FRG) are increasingly recognised as a promising way to make the wine industry more resilient in the face of societal pressures and climate change, while also creating new market opportunities. However, sensory data on FRG wines, particularly those produced in southern France, is limited -the present study aimed to provide a sensory characterisation of these wines on a large scale. A total of 43 white and 33 red wines, made from FRG and Vitis vinifera varieties, were evaluated over two consecutive years by a trained panel using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method. Panel performance was validated using replicate samples assessed across sub-sessions. The results highlighted a wide diversity of sensory profiles among FRG wines, which were comparable to those of Vitis vinifera wines, with no clear distinction between the two categories. White FRG wines exhibited particularly high variability, influenced by climate and vintage, whereas red wines showed more distinctive patterns. Some varieties, such as 'Vidoc', displayed a broader range of profiles, while others, including 'Artaban', showed more consistent profiles across sites and years. These findings provide the wine industry with practical insights, indicating that FRG varieties can be planted without risking the production of wines with atypical sensory profiles. Future research should build on these results by conducting detailed aroma compound analyses and hedonic evaluations with experts and consumers, with and without information disclosure regarding the resistant character. Additionally, FRG wines from other French vineyards should be investigated. Soline Caillé Alain Samson Olivier Geffroy Stéphanie Roi Christian Chervin Valérie Olivier Marc-Antoine Dolet Caroline Paire Foued Cheriet sensory characterisation, red wine, white wine, FRG 2026-09-07 Fetal Pollution Exposure, Cognitive Ability, and Gender-Specific Parental Investment https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1814&r=&r=env We examine how prenatal exposure to air pollution interacts with gender-biased parental investments to shape long-run cognitive performance. Using nationally representative survey data from China, we show that fetal PM2.5 exposure significantly reduces cognitive ability for women, particularly among those with brothers. Our evidence suggests that the family investment channel operates primarily through education rather than health, with gender-biased educational resource allocation compounding negative outcomes for females. Specifically, conditional on the same level of fetal PM2.5 exposure, females receive less homework assistance from their families and attain lower levels of education. Zhang, Xin Wang, Yixuan Hu, Xingyi Chen, Xi fetal pollution exposure, cognitive ability, parental investment, gender disparities 2026 When Does Green Finance Promote Inclusive Green Growth? New Evidence from Developing Countries https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:343605&r=&r=env Despite growing international commitments to green finance, it remains an open empirical question whether such transfers translate into inclusive green growth (IGG) in developing countries. This study addresses this gap by examining how countries' levels of development and executive corruption condition the effects of green finance on IGG. To this end, we draw on a comprehensive sample of 99 developing countries spanning 2000-2024 and employ instrumental-variable and quantile regression techniques for the analysis. Three clear findings emerge. First, we find robust evidence that green finance promotes IGG, but only in low-income countries. Second, we show that executive corruption significantly reduces the IGG-enhancing effects of green finance in low-income countries, whereas no comparable effect is observed in higher-income developing countries. Third, the evidence reveals notable heterogeneity in the conditional distribution of IGG, with countries at the lower end of IGG performance experiencing relatively larger gains from green finance. Overall, the findings indicate that the effectiveness of green finance in promoting inclusive green growth depends critically on countries' levels of development and the prevalence of executive corruption Ofori, Isaac K. Corruption, Developing countries, Green finance, Inclusive green growth 2026 Cloud Capital's Hidden Thirst: Scope 2 Water and the Geography of US Data Center Electricity https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:kc5ad_v1&r=&r=env Data center operators report water use as a facility-level question, disclosing on-site metrics while omitting the water consumed in generating the electricity they purchase — their Scope 2 water footprint. This paper quantifies that omission at the eGRID-subregion level and traces its consequences for a standardized data center load. Comparing EPA eGRID 2018 against eGRID 2023 on an identical pipeline, I find that generation-weighted national water intensity fell 17.1% over the five years in which data center electricity demand accelerated, but that the decline was uneven: several subregions gaining generation share fell more slowly than the national average, and SERC Virginia/Carolina — host to the largest data center market in the world by inventory — fell only 7.7%, less than half the national pace. Combining eGRID generation data with consumption-basis water coefficients, I estimate a total of 1, 350.6 billion gallons of operational water consumption embedded in contiguous-US electricity generation across all end uses in 2023, and show that an identical data center's embedded footprint varies approximately 3.2-fold by grid region under common technology-factor assumptions. I then construct a Water Dependency Index and adjust it by a territorial water-scarcity score built from the World Resources Institute's Aqueduct basin indicators, on the principle that identical consumption imposes different costs depending on where it occurs; the adjusted index ranks SERC Virginia/Carolina first in the nation. No widely adopted disclosure framework requires standardized, location-based reporting of electricity-embedded water. The paper proposes extending location-based Scope 2 carbon accounting, which is structurally analogous, to water. Golder, Atoshi 2026-09-03 The Economics of Sustainability Bond Choice: Governance, Flexibility, and Greenwashing https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05737190&r=&r=env This paper presents a unified theoretical and empirical framework to explain how firms choose among Green Bonds (GB), Social Bonds (SOB), Sustainability Bonds (SUB), and Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLB). The first contribution is a signaling model that demonstrates how instrument choice reflects firms' project pipelines, flexibility needs, governance quality, and exposure to greenwashing penalties, resulting in clear differentiation across bond types. The model suggests a credibility gap in SLBs, as weaker verification and lower detectability make them particularly appealing to firms with low-disclosure or transition-constrained characteristics. The second contribution is empirical. By analyzing a global data set of 1, 620 issuances and using a multivariate Probit model, we provide evidence consistent with the key mechanisms of the model: firms with strong governance and high-disclosure preferences tend to choose use-ofproceeds instruments, while financially constrained, hard-to-abate, or weakly governed firms are more likely to opt for SLBs. These findings emphasize the importance of governance in sustainable bond markets and highlight the necessity for stronger SLB standards and standardized ESG disclosures. Riadh Ben Jelili Olivier Adoukonou Youssef Fahmi Jean-Laurent Viviani 2026-06-01 Assessing the economic impacts of stronger alignment of production standards applied to imported products on the EU’s agricultural sector https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc147659&r=&r=env This study assesses potential implications for EU trade, producers and consumers of lowering maximum residue levels (MRLs) for imported food and feed to the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the most hazardous pesticides banned in the EU. Drawing on a new dataset linking EU approval status, residue monitoring, authorisation for use in third countries and trade flows, it identifies 18 most hazardous active substances not approved in the EU with MRLs above the LOQ affecting 235 commodities and 86 exporting countries, and models three scenarios differing in assumed exporter adaptation. Across all scenarios, the direction of effects resulting from lowering the MRLs to the LOQ is similar — imports decline, EU production rises and consumer prices increase — but magnitude depends strongly on exporters’ adaptation assumptions, ranging from negligible to substantial impacts. When the reduction of MRLs to the LOQ leads to complete halt in the affected trade flows, we see a 41 % reduction in total EU agricultural imports. As producers in third countries are assumed to respond to this reduction by adjusting their practices, this reduction declines to 8 % and then to 0.4 % depending on the cost of adaptation and the extent of assumed use of the active substances in third countries. EU production partly substitutes this reduction in imports as crop output expands while livestock output contracts. Price impacts depend on the scenarios: sizeable at world and EU levels under the no adaptation bound, but small once adaptation is taken into account. Results differ strongly across active substances, commodities and countries, so no uniform assumption about exporter behaviour holds. A targeted analysis of the active substance cyproconazole, undertaken to assess the representativeness of the substitution costs assumed in the scenarios, indicates that EU-approved alternative active substances are available but could raise production costs by 20–40 %. The study offers evidence on potential market impacts for the objective that pesticides banned in the EU should not return through imports. However, it faces limitations notable from the lack of available evidence at active substance–commodity–country level on use and substitution cost. This points to the need for further assessment. The study is not an impact assessment, as it does not cover either environmental nor social dimensions, and its results should be considered as a range bounding plausible outcomes rather than predicting them. Barreiro Hurle Jesus Beber Caetano Vazquez Torres Estefania Bertolozzi Caredio Daniele Areal Francisco José Fellmann Thomas 2026-08 Tradeable Import Certificates for Strategic Supply Security https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.20282&r=&r=env Recent crises have made supply security central to trade policy. We show how tradeable import certificates (TIC) implement targets for domestic production and reliable foreign supply while preserving gains from trade. A single certificate market per country decentralizes the welfare-maximizing allocation under heterogeneous targets, with certificate prices adjusting endogenously as conditions change. TIC robustly protect these targets against a range of deviations from trade agreements. A model of economic coercion microfounds the targets, linking them to shortage salience, supply reliability, bilateral trade dependence, and norms against yielding to coercion. Tariff-subsidy agreements require more information and are more vulnerable to hidden deviations. While a common carbon price provides a natural focal point for climate agreements, quantity-based security targets could be a more natural focal point for trade agreements than tariff and subsidy rates. Sebastian Kranz 2026-09 Do wind and solar curtail at negative electricity prices? Incentives and evidence across two decades of German renewable support schemes https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.10053&r=&r=env In many power systems, wind and solar generation increasingly often exceeds electricity demand. Curtailing renewable generation in those hours matters both for prices and for the physical stability of the grid. Turning off wind turbines and solar panels is technically easier than ramping down a large power station, yet support schemes often give renewables an economic incentive to keep producing at negative prices. This paper studies wind and solar energy in Germany. For each cohort of generators it estimates, hour by hour, the incentive implied by two decades of support policy. It then sets those incentives against observed behavior, using a new estimate of market-based curtailment built from reanalysis weather data. I find that in 2025, at prices below -50 EUR/MWh, almost all wind generators had an incentive to stop producing, but only half of them did. Solar is the opposite case: nearly two thirds of the potential had no incentive to curtail at all, mostly because it receives a feed-in tariff that shields it from wholesale prices. Of the exposed remainder, just over a fifth cut production. Low exposure and response rates inflate subsidy payments and make the power system harder to operate safely. I conclude that a further expansion of wind and solar requires them to respond to price signals. Lion Hirth 2026-09 Stochastic Optimal Control of Hawkes Jump-Diffusion Systems https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2608.29473&r=&r=env This paper is devoted to developing a framework for stochastic growth models with environmental risk, in which rare but catastrophic shocks interact with capital accumulation and pollution. Building on the Poisson point process formulation studied in arXiv:2511.13568, we extend the model to disasters driven by a marked Hawkes process, allowing past disasters to temporarily increase the likelihood of subsequent shocks. Our work focuses on a subcritical Markovian Hawkes specification, in which the state space is augmented by the self-excitation component of disaster risk. We establish the well-posedness and nonexplosion of the resulting controlled Hawkes dynamics. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman characterization of the corresponding Poisson control problem, we obtain quantitative estimates for the Hawkes excitation process and prove, under a small-excitation scaling, that the Hawkes value function converges to its Poisson counterpart as the magnitude of self-excitation vanishes. This provides a rigorous Poisson approximation of the stochastic control problem and quantifies the effect of self-excitation on optimal growth under environmental disaster risk. Daria Sakhanda Joshu\'e Hel\'i Ricalde-Guerrero 2026-08 Energy Transition, Distributed Energy Resources, and Flexibility Services: A Systematic Literature Review https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000122:023622&r=&r=env The Paris Agreement’s worldwide pledge to keep global warming to 1.5°C has sped up the energy transition, and with this, the deployment of renewable energy sources, increasing the demand for electrical systems’ flexibility. To investigate the role of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in providing flexibility services that support the integration of non-conventional renewable energy (NCRE), this study performs a systematic literature review using the PRISMA approach. DERs enable decentralized, smart grid-based energy models that complement conventional centralized systems. According to the review, which examines 697 papers published between 2010 and February 2024, research has grown exponentially since 2015, especially in Europe. The study examines the functions of emerging agents, such as prosumers, aggregators, and Distribution System Operators (DSOs), and highlights important flexibility services, such as frequency regulation, voltage control, and congestion management, using bibliometric and content analysis. The results show that although DERs greatly improve grid resilience and the integration of renewable energy sources, several institutional, economic, technological, and social barriers prevent their complete implementation. New market mechanisms and regulatory frameworks that promote flexibility and active demand-side participation are needed to address these issues. John García Rendón Stephania Mosquera-López DER; flexibility services; energy transition; energy management; systematic literature review; electrical system 2026 Economic viability of chemical recycling https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc147061&r=&r=env Chemical recycling refers to a family of processes that breaks down waste such as plastics into its chemical building blocks, which may then be used to produce new plastics. The report provides an overview of the current (2025) state of the economic viability of chemical recycling of plastics in the European Union, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities in this field. The report discusses different types of chemical recycling technologies and focusses on the economic viability of solvolysis and pyrolysis, currently the most prominent chemical recycling pathways. It considers production and investment costs, as well as the maturity and limitations of these technologies. The report concludes that although chemical recycling in the EU does not achieve cost parity with virgin plastics, it could have a significant role to play in supplying markets with recycled plastics that are required for compliance with the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation and Single Use Plastics Directive recycled content requirements, and potential future regulation of a similar nature. Gaudillat Pierre Marschinski Robert Saveyn Hans 2026-08 Corporate Decision-Making in Sustainability Bonds: The Importance of Governance Quality https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05737206&r=&r=env This study examines the factors influencing corporate decisions in sustainable bond issuance, focusing on Green Bonds (GB), Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLB), Sustainability Bonds (SUB), and Social Bonds (SOB). Using a multivariate Probit model, the analysis identifies key determinants such as industry classification, governance transparency, financial constraints, and macroeconomic conditions. The findings reveal distinct issuance patterns, highlighting the impact of firm size, leverage, and greenwashing risks. Companies operating in weaker governance environments are more likely to issue GB, while liquidity-constrained firms prefer SLB due to their flexible structure. Concerns over the credibility of SLB, particularly regarding greenwashing, have become increasingly prominent. In contrast, GB issuance remains largely unaffected by greenwashing due to stricter regulatory oversight. The study underscores the need for stronger regulatory frameworks and enhanced third-party verification to improve the credibility of sustainability-linked financing. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable finance, offering valuable implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate decision-makers. Riadh Ben Jelili Olivier Adoukonou Youssef Fahmi Jean-Laurent Viviani 2025-06-05 Energy Sobriety https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05737700&r=&r=env Bruno Villalba Energy self-limitation, Energy sufficiency, Energy frugality 2026-03-07 Natural Resources, Democracy, and Labour-Market Outcomes in the Public Sector https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12973&r=&r=env Governments in resource-rich countries may use a sizable share of the revenue from their underground wealth to buy support through public employment. This occurs in both democratic governments (which need to be re-elected) and autocratic governments (which have to prevent riots and regime change). Using the Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators dataset provided by the World Bank, we analyse the effect of natural resources on public employment in developing countries from 2000 to 2018. We find that resource rents may have an effect on public sector characteristics. However, uncovering the heterogeneous effects of different types of natural resources, we find that oil and gas wealth may increase public employment in countries that are not fully democratic, while forest wealth has a positive impact for all values of democracy. At the same time, the public sector wage premium is positively affected by oil and forest in non-democratic countries and by gas when the level of democracy is very high. Tania Masi Roberto Ricciuti natural resources, public sector, rentier states, patronage employment 2026 ICT, Sustainable Development and Job Polarization: Evidence from ECOWAS https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jzeyb_v1&r=&r=env This paper assesses the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) to sustainable development and job polarization in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Panel pooled mean group models are used to assess the role of ICT in sustainable development whereas changes in employment shares of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO08) occupations are used to investigate the changing employment distribution in the labor markets in the region. The results show that all measures of ICT had a positive and significant impact on sustainable development. The paper also finds that the West African countries are lagging in terms of ICT adoption and ICT infrastructure. The pace of adoption is slower compared to developed countries thus minimizing the pace of job polarization. The results obtained found no u-shaped employment distribution in the countries to indicate job polarization. Significantly however, there is a decline in the share of employment of the agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors. The decline in the share of employment is however offset by rising employment shares of most middle-skilled occupations in the region. Nchor, Dennis 2026-08-29 Forecasting Weather-Driven Price Dynamics Across Sri Lankan Tea Market Catalogues https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2608.24894&r=&r=env The Colombo Tea Auction (CTA) plays a vital role in determining global tea prices, yet the relationship between local weather conditions and price behavior across different tea catalogues has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we develop a novel, structured dataset by extracting information from 105 weekly broker reports spanning late 2023 to 2026, and combined with region-specific weather data. Our analysis focuses on four main tea catalogues of Sri Lankan tea: High Grown, Low Grown, Off-Grade, and Dust. To better understand the factors influencing tea prices, we apply Granger causality analysis alongside tree-based machine learning models: Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Gradient Boosting. Our results show that while market dynamics are primary drivers, weather conditions also have significant effects. Notably, Low Grown tea shows strong sensitivity to precipitation and sunshine duration (p Hesandi Mallawarachchi Senilka Madurapperumage Nadil Kulathunge Thilokya Angeesa Nethsith Gunaweera Sandeepa Weerasekara Patalee Narasinghe Nisansa de Silva Sandareka Wickramanayake 2026-06 When Drought Travels: Partisan Electoral Responses Through Food Networks in U.S. Presidential Elections https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-21&r=&r=env This paper examines whether climate shocks are associated with electoral behavior beyond the counties in which they occur. The analysis covers 3, 069 counties in the contiguous United States across five presidential elections from 2008 to 2024. County-level election returns are combined with pre-election drought measured using the Palmer Z Index and with network exposure constructed from estimated county-to-county food flows in 2007. A model in which voters interpret drought through pre-existing partisan preferences predicts that the electoral association of drought becomes more favorable to the Democratic candidate as a county's historical Democratic vote share increases. The estimates are consistent with this prediction. Local drought is associated with lower Democratic two-party vote shares in historically Republican counties and higher shares in historically Democratic counties. Network drought exhibits the same sign-changing pattern, including where measured local drought is absent. The estimated relationships cross zero at historical Democratic vote shares of about 0.40 for local drought and 0.44 for network exposure. Directional exposure through suppliers versus buyers adds little explanatory power conditional on total network exposure. The network relationship is comparatively stable across alternative specifications. Turnout and party-vote results suggest that the pattern reflects changes in party-specific electoral support rather than a common change in aggregate participation across counties. Cécile Couharde Rémi Generoso Michaël Guillossou drought; food-flow networks; partisan heterogeneity; U.S. presidential elections 2026 Natural Hazards Threat and Early Marriage for Women and Girls in Latin America and the Caribbean https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:89wjm_v1&r=&r=env Natural hazards threat can shift marriage practices in ways that systematically harm young women and girls, as post-disaster conditions incentivize families to marry off daughters as an adaptation response against economic and physical insecurity. We study this link using geolocated representative samples from 15 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, a region with one of the highest early marriage rates in the world. We show that exposure to natural hazards is associated with higher prevalence of marriage among women under 18 and increased acceptance of these marriage practices among the general population. This relationship is mitigated by strong government institutions, which was previously unobserved in other regions. Our study demonstrates that rational climate adaptation behaviors at the household level can exacerbate within-household distributional inequalities, emphasizing the need for stronger institutional support structures that provide equitable means of adaptation. Lee, Boyoon Fasolin, Guilherme Natan Chen, Ted Hsuan Yun 2026-08-29 Améliorer la gestion des biodéchets ménagers https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05611021&r=&r=env Suzon Garnier Politiques, Interventions, Typologie, Guadeloupe, Behaviour Change Wheel, COM-B, Compostage, Biodéchets 2026-05-04 The Life Cycle of a Created Market: Redesigning Italy's Plastic Recycling Policy After Its Success https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:202614&r=&r=env Some markets on which environmental policy relies were created by the state. The policy logic that justifies the creation of such a market is different from the logic that should govern it once it is mature. I study the principal case, plastic packaging recycling in Italy, which was created from nothing after 1997 by a per-tonne subsidy to separate collection, financed by a levy on packaging producers, together with public co-financing of reprocessing plant. I build a calibrated dynamic equilibrium model of the chain with two slow-moving stocks, the shared disposition of households to sort and reprocessing capacity, and obtain three results. First, the market could not have created itself. With the collection subsidy as the only instrument, no build-up plan from the empty state that I can find has positive present value at any credible subsidy, even under complete confidence that the market will mature. A documented capital co-financing share of 30–50 percent changes this result, as above a threshold share an investing equilibrium exists alongside the trap, and the credibility of the commitment selects between them (the confidence investors require decreases with the co-financing share). Second, run forward from the 1998 state under the instruments actually in force, with forward-looking investors and one number set to the history, the model reproduces the build-up of the following 27 years. Third, the optimal support path is self-eroding (it declines over time). For a decade it holds collection exactly to the capacity being built, as the binding constraint is the speed at which plant can be installed. It declines thereafter, because its own success reduces its justification, and it settles at 260 euro per collected tonne against the 322 actually paid. The actual instrument is indexed to collection costs and therefore does not decline, so that over-collection at maturity is the predictable consequence. The stakes are asymmetric. The missed reduction of the transfer costs the equivalent of 0.17 percent of consumption, and abolition costs twenty-five times that. I therefore recommend a redesign of the indexation that permits the transfer to decline. V. Caponi plastic packaging recycling, extended producer responsibility, created markets, social recycling capital, optimal subsidy, capacity co-financing, Italy 2026 Space debris removal funding in the presence of numerous large satellites constellation: a mean field game approach https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2026-06&r=&r=env Low Earth orbits (between 100 and 2, 000 km above sea level) are currently the most congested regions of outer space. This congestion stems also from the presence of space debris, which, once it reaches a certain level, could trigger a chain reaction that would physically prevent the use of these orbits (i.e., the Kessler syndrome). The actual and planned deployment of numerous satellite mega-constellations significantly exacerbates this problem. In addition to minimizing the creation of new space debris, it has become necessary to remove some of the existing debris. To address the issue of funding these removals, we propose the creation of an international tax administered by an international agency. Given the current and future presence of a large number of mega-constellations, we propose a mean-field game model. We then compare two possible taxation systems: one proportional and the other one progressive. Within the framework of this model, we conclude that it is possible to finance the removal of the most dangerous space debris and thereby ensure a sustainable outer space without stopping the contributions and potential of the New Space economy. Pierre Bernhard Marc Deschamps Alain Bensoussan Mean-field game, linear-quadratic, outer space, space debris, mega constellations 2026-09 Negotiated Settlements and Customer Engagement in UK Utility Regulation: Evidence from Airports, Water and Energy https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2669&r=&r=env Negotiated settlement has long been common in North American utility regulation but has played only a limited role in the United Kingdom. This paper looks at what can be learned from UK experience in airports, the Scottish water sector and energy networks, drawing in particular on presentations at a Cambridge seminar in March 2026. Airports show that direct bargaining can improve issue definition and customer focus even without full agreement. The Scottish water sector remains the clearest UK example of a near-negotiated settlement affecting the substance of the outcome. Energy networks have moved much further towards organised customer engagement than towards bargaining. The paper suggests that negotiated settlement deserves more serious attention in UK energy regulation where the issues are material, the parties are credible and the regulator can give the process real standing. Littlechild, S. C. Bush, H. Sutherland, A. D. A. Knott, G. Walker, A. Negotiated Settlements, Customer Engagement, Energy Regulation, Water Regulation, Airports 2026-08-18 Weak Solutions of Conservation Laws: An Application to Inviscid Burger's Equations and to Shallow-Water Equations https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cvi:wpaper:2025-002-04&r=&r=env Bien-Aime Kiakisolako 2025-02 (Un)Sighting Value, Place and People. The E-scrap Trade of North East Delhi https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05733783&r=&r=env Using (Un)Sighting as a conceptual framework, this article offers an empirical examination of the reshaping of recycling practices, labour and spaces in two neighbourhoods of Delhi since the implementation of 2016 E-Waste Management Rules. In recent years, urban mining has not only become an environmental and waste management concern but also an opportunity for value creation for industry actors and public authorities. (Un)Sighting focuses on both the visibility and invisibility of material and economic values of electronic components, as well as of the social values created through the trade of e-waste within a politically complex environment marked by societal discrimination and the socio-economic and political marginalisation of Muslim communities. However, instead of being passive victims, e-kabadis actively use their invisibility as a strategy to protect e-scrapwork from police oversight, while also asserting their autonomy in the face of a formalised e-waste management system that seeks to exclude them. They reposition their work as entrepreneurship, distancing scrapwork from a merely survival economy. It is rather a dynamic and complex activity that plays a role in not only generating value but also in transforming both their social and material surroundings and thus deserves to be acknowledged. Gayatri Jai Singh Rathore 2025-03-14 Housing Requirements, Hazard Exposure, and Resilience Costs : A Global Outlook to 2100 https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11451&r=&r=env Global housing demand is rising rapidly, yet the combined pressures of future population growth, climate-driven hazard intensification, and constrained fiscal capacity have not been assessed together for their impact on housing at a global scale. Housing is one of the largest components of household wealth and national capital stock. This study provides the first global, country-level picture of future housing construction demand and its associated costs and identifies where the needs for resilient construction are most urgent. The lack of high-resolution, globally consistent geospatial and demographic data has limited previous analyses. This study integrates Shared Socioeconomic Pathways–based population projections to 2100 with dynamic household size modeling, cohort survival analysis, and multi-hazard exposure mapping to estimate future housing construction demand and its associated costs under business-as-usual and resilient construction pathways. Global housing stock is projected to nearly double by 2100, reaching 4.1 billion to 4.5 billion units. Resilient construction pathways are found to carry lower long-term costs than business-as-usual in most regions, although not in high-growth, high-hazard regions such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Construction demand in most regions is projected to transition from growth-driven to replacement-driven by mid-century, suggesting that the decisions made today about how and where it is built will shape countries' exposure to natural hazards and their fiscal obligations for decades to come. The study further identifies 46 countries facing a triple burden: high future housing demand, severe natural hazard exposure, and limited fiscal capacity to finance resilient construction. The nature of this burden varies systematically by region, with Pacific Island countries facing acute fiscal constraints, Sub-Saharan Africa facing unprecedented volumetric demand, and South and South east Asian countries facing the highest hazard exposure. These findings provide a quantitative basis for prioritizing resilient housing investment, nationally and through international support, differentiated across regions and individual countries. Kawasoe, Yasuhiro 2026-09-15 Just energy transition, structural inequities, and social mobility: the case of Mexico https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:auk:ecosoc:2026_02&r=&r=env La transición energética de México se desarrolla en un contexto de profundas desigualdades estructurales y una movilidad social persistentemente baja. Si bien la mayoría de los hogares cuenta con electricidad, persisten grandes disparidades en términos de asequibilidad, confiabilidad y en la capacidad del acceso a la energía para ampliar capacidades y oportunidades. Este artículo desarrolla un marco que vincula la justicia energética con la movilidad social combinando evidencia empírica sobre pobreza energética con la perspectiva de la economía social y solidaria (ESS). Con datos de encuestas de hogares, documentamos inequidades en el acceso a los servicios energéticos y mostramos cómo los hogares de bajos ingresos enfrentan cargas desproporcionadas que limitan su movilidad educativa y ocupacional. Posteriormente, exploramos cómo los modelos basados en la ESS, en particular las cooperativas energéticas, pueden mejorar la asequibilidad, la confiabilidad y la participación comunitaria en la gobernanza energética. Un estudio de caso de una cooperativa pesquera en Yucatán ilustra cómo los proyectos de energía renovable pueden tanto aliviar la privación como fomentar la movilidad ascendente. Sostenemos que incorporar la justicia distributiva y procedimental en la transición energética de México es fundamental para lograr un desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible. Danae Hernández-Cortés Alejandro Lopez-Feldman Rafael Pineda Albarrán Mariana Ramos Flores Roberto Vélez Grajales 2026 What Happens Without Conservation? The Prospect of Heritage Loss in Contingent Valuation https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2026-27&r=&r=env Economic valuation of heritage conservation depends on what respondents expect to happen without the implementation of a proposed intervention, yet this no-program counterfactual is often left implicit. We examine whether explicitly directing respondents to consider potential heritage loss affects stated willingness to pay (WTP) for renovation of a building and whether the contribution of information about adaptive reuse depends on whether such loss enters the valuation decision. A contingent valuation survey of 452 adult residents living near Pückler Palace, a deteriorating historic building in Poland, used a 2 × 2 randomized design combining a loss-consideration prompt with information about a genuine proposal to adapt the renovated palace as the new premises of the Museum of Ceramics. WTP was elicited as the maximum mandatory one-off levy respondents would support within an advisory-referendum framework. Among respondents not assigned to the loss-prompt treatment, a post-valuation question identified spontaneous consideration of heritage loss. Two-part models separated the probability of positive WTP from the amount stated among positive responses. Respondents assigned to the loss-prompt treatment had approximately twice the odds of reporting positive WTP and stated 61% higher amounts among positive responses. Among unprompted respondents, spontaneous loss consideration—reported by 54%—was associated with 92% higher positive WTP. Reuse information appeared to contribute more when heritage loss was not otherwise considered. The findings show that common information about an asset’s current condition need not produce a common understanding of its expected future without the proposed intervention. Stated preference surveys should therefore specify this trajectory with sufficient clarity and credibility that respondents are evaluating a common underlying policy change. Bartosz Jusypenko cultural heritage, historic preservation, adaptive reuse, contingent valuation, stated preferences, prospect of loss 2026 Winds of Change: Technical Progress and Learning by Doing in the Wind Industry https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:1115&r=&r=env We measure technical progress and cost declines in the wind turbine industry, accounting for large quality improvements that have occurred over time. As in many industrial settings, we do not observe costs. Instead, we infer them by modeling the turbine procurement process, and estimate the model on the near-universe of global commercial wind farms built from 2000 to 2019. We find that while commonly reported measures of price per unit of capacity fell by 30 percent during this time, latent quality-adjusted costs fell by over 75 percent. Underpinning these cost declines, we estimate substantial learning-by-doing. A doubling of manufacturing experience reduces manufacturing costs by 26 to 29 percent. Though inter-firm spillovers per unit are relatively small, in aggregate, they rationalize a significant portion of the cost reductions over time. Thomas R. Covert Richard Sweeney Innovation, Renewable Energy, Learning 2026-08-31 GPT Scheduler: an LLM-based pipeline to semi-automate the assessment of Invasive Alien Species impacts https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146630&r=&r=env The introduction and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) have become a significant concern worldwide, disrupting environmental balance, economic stability, and human health across various activity domains. Effective management of IAS requires a cross-sectoral approach and identification of direct and indirect effects on multiple activity domains. This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to support automatic literature reviews and to evaluate IAS impacts. The study analysed 498 IAS impacting 27 activity domains and demonstrated the potential for semi-automation to enhance efficiency, the importance of expert involvement, and the value of AI in extracting contextualized information. The study highlights the feasibility of replicating the assessment on IAS using AI-powered approaches but also emphasizes the need for careful consideration of data quality, algorithmic bias, and the role of subject matter experts in validation and refinement. While we were able to successfully replicate the analysis, the process also revealed technical limitations that should be considered when applying this approach in practice. Vazquez Torres Estefania Magliozzi Chiara Caivano Arnaldo Cardoso Ana Cristina 2026-08 HKC10 - Disasters, Labor Migration, and Migrant Downgrading: Evidence from Typhoons in the Philippines https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cxv:wpaper:2607&r=&r=env I study how typhoons affect international labor migration from Philippine municipalities using administrative data on the universe of new migrant contracts. Typhoons increase out-migration for up to three years, but simultaneously shift migrants toward lower-paying occupations and destinations. Average migrant cohort wages fall by 0.27– 0.41% for each 1% typhoon-induced increase in migration. This fall is not explained by observable selection, as typhoon-induced migrants have higher educational attainment. These patterns are consistent with a simple migration search model, where worsening origin conditions incentivize potential migrants to search and leave for lower-paying overseas contracts. Despite this downgrading, back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest 16–19% of the increase in remittances following typhoons can be attributed to new labor migration. Murathanoglu, Emir Migration, Labor migration, Natural disasters, Philippines 2026-08-01 Quand l’économie circulaire se mondialise : que nous enseigne l’huile de cuisson usagée? https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05739319&r=&r=env Cet article analyse la mondialisation de la filière des huiles de cuisson usagées (UCO), devenue un intrant stratégique pour la production de biocarburants sous l'effet des politiques européennes de décarbonation. Initialement conçues pour favoriser la valorisation locale des déchets, la circularité et l'autonomie énergétique, ces politiques ont accru la valeur réglementaire des UCO et stimulé une demande que l'offre domestique européenne ne pouvait satisfaire. Il en a résulté une forte internationalisation des échanges, notamment au profit de la Chine, qui a progressivement développé un avantage dans la collecte, la transformation et l'exportation de biodiesel à base d'UCO. Cette évolution met en évidence plusieurs tensions : dépendance accrue aux importations, fragilisation de l'industrie européenne, exposition aux pratiques de dumping et difficultés de certification et de traçabilité dans des chaînes de valeur mondialisées. Le cas des UCO montre ainsi qu'une politique de décarbonation ne garantit ni la relocalisation industrielle ni la maîtrise des dépendances qu'elle crée. Il souligne la nécessité d'articuler plus étroitement objectifs climatiques, politique industrielle et politique commerciale, tout en renforçant la crédibilité des systèmes de certification afin que la circularité européenne soit effectivement gouvernée, contrôlée et soutenable. Edouard Civel Olivier Massol Arthur Thomas Politique de soutien, Dumping, Huile de cuisson usagée, Biocarburants, Recyclage de déchets organiques 2026-08-14 Regenerative Cycle Architecture: A General Theory of Temporal Governance in Institutional Systems https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:evk:wpaper:rca&r=&r=env Institutions frequently fail not because they lack resources or expertise, but because their capital cycles are structurally bound to short-horizon fragility cycles — financial volatility, political turnover, capability decay, civic fluctuation. These operate on timescales fundamentally misaligned with the long-horizon mission cycles that govern asset lifetimes, scientific capability, climate adaptation and intergenerational public goods. The mismatch produces capability decline across domains regardless of managerial competence or policy intent — and the decline is governed not by the magnitude of demand or the scarcity of resources but by the rate at which short-horizon pressure is converted into irreversible institutional loss. This paper introduces Regenerative Cycle Architecture (RCA), a meta-theory of institutional design resting on three structural operations. Two of them are established practice under other names. Cycle decoupling — rendering capital independent of fragility cycles — is what no-year appropriations, multi-year appropriations and revolving funds already do against the problem public finance calls annuality. Cycle alignment — synchronising capital behaviour with mission cycles — is asset--liability matching, and has been applied to a mission rather than a liability schedule since Ghadamian. The third operation is this paper's, and it is the one the other two depend on. Authority alignment: an institution holding ring-fenced, mission-aligned capital still fails to execute when the authority to commit runs on a cadence of its own. Protected money does not decide anything. â–¶ The contribution is therefore not that capital should be decoupled and aligned — both are done — but that doing both is insufficient while the decision cadence is unaligned, and that cadence is a designable object with a statable admissibility condition rather than a menu of remedies chosen by precedent. âš ï¸ And it is stated here as the paper's open contribution rather than its settled one. Decoupling and alignment have formal treatment in this paper and external anchors outside it; authority alignment has an argument and a definition (Λ_A, defined below) and no comparable formal result. A claim promoted because it survived contact with the literature is not thereby the best-supported claim in the paper, and the reader is owed that distinction rather than left to find it. RCA formalises a cycle ontology, a three-layer system architecture, and the structural invariants jointly sufficient for regenerative, multi-cycle institutional capability. It argues that persistent failure patterns across climate adaptation, science, infrastructure, health and civic systems share one mechanism, and that Perennial Social Capital is the first fully specified implementation of RCA at the capital layer. âš ï¸ The cross-domain claim is stated with the condition that makes it refutable. It is not that these domains are alike, nor that this mechanism is the largest cause of failure in any of them. It is the narrower claim that wherever an asset or capability has a renewal period longer than the period of the capital that funds it, decline follows from the mismatch alone — so a counterexample is a domain exhibiting that mismatch and not declining, or a domain declining under this mechanism where the periods in fact match. â–¶ Neither requires agreeing that the five domains have anything else in common, and the maintenance-and-repair literature treats decay across several of them without needing that agreement either. It closes by introducing the cycle constitution: a constitutional category protecting temporal integrity as political constitutions protect power. Roshan Ghadamian regenerative cycle architecture, temporal governance, fragility cycles, mission cycles, cycle decoupling, cycle alignment, cycle constitution, institutional architecture, regenerative systems, PSC (Perennial Social Capital), climate adaptation, infrastructure renewal 2025-11 Optimal harvesting under annuity and compound interest laws: economic-ecological trade-offs in a logistic growth model https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.06123&r=&r=env The relationship between investment policy associated with species growth profile is essential in seeking the most appropriate strategy for a policymaker. Balancing maximum profit with the sustainability of species remains a central issue in both ecological and economic contexts. This study presents a comparative analysis of two interest principles, annuity and compounding, within the framework of optimal control. Various investment policies are examined from the perspective of capital theory, incorporating concepts such as future value, accumulation function, and force of interest, each contributing to the formulation of an optimal control strategy. Our analysis is based on a one dimensional logistic model incorporating linear harvesting. Key parameters include the species growth rate and interest rate, and optimality is evaluated with respect to these variables. Using Pontryagins Maximum Principle, we derive the optimal harvesting policies under both discounting laws and characterize the resulting steady state equilibria. The principal finding indicates that for species with low intrinsic growth rates and low annual interest rates, the annuity law of interest yields optimal outcomes. Conversely, for any annual interest rate, species exhibiting moderate or high growth rates maximize profit under the compound law of interest. The study also addresses maximum net revenue and optimal strategies for varying growth rates under each interest law. Anurag Sau Sujayan Gupta Uttam Ghosh Sabyasachi Bhattacharya 2026-09 Why the GGF paper proposing mutuals for water is wrong https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gpe:wpaper:54326&r=&r=env The paper fails to make a convincing case for mutualisation instead of public ownership of water companies in England and Wales. • It shows no awareness that when the same issue arose with the railway network 25 years ago, the Blair government tried creating Network Rail as a private not-for-profit ‘mutual’, which was later taken into public ownership because it did not deliver public control or economic efficiency. • Internationally, water co-ops are marginal, used in some countries for thinly populated rural areas. The largest water co-op in the world serves less than 1m. people, in the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz. • It mistakenly claims that Welsh Water and John Lewis are consumer mutuals, and fails to discuss the known governance problems of mutuals • The GGF paper misrepresents its own polling results as supporting mutuals as the only option, whereas almost all groups except Reform voters preferred public ownership. • It repeatedly assumes that public ownership would require compensation to the private owners, but somehow the shareholders would not demand compensation for mutualisation. • It argues that mutualisation can provide public control, but insists that control by elected councillors must be kept to a minority • It wrongly implies that public ownership would mean that costs would have to be covered out of taxes, whereas they would continue to be covered entirely by customer bills, as now. • The proposals are driven by a UK rule about the debt of public companies which treats it as government debt, and so a new operator must remain private. But this rule is not used by EU countries and the USA, which have significantly lower borrowing costs than the UK. • It makes proposals for ‘voluntary’ mutualisation, which could lead to company profits being used to pay shareholders instead of invested in water and sewer age systems. • It contains some useful suggestions, for example setting rules for the levels of breaches of duty which would lead to a company being taken into public ownership – yet if applied, it would lead to the automatic Special Administration of Welsh Water – which the GGF use as a model for their proposed mutuals. Hall, David water; privatisation; mutuals 2026-09-03 Le marché alimentaire de plein air au prisme du modèle « Âme-Distance-Naturalité » https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05739669&r=&r=env Once central to the French people's food supply until the advent of large-scale retail, the market now plays a more peripheral role. This research aims to characterise its ‘sustainability'. A comparison of the idealised vision of the market with its reality highlights three tensions underpinning the ‘DNA model' (Soul-Distance-Naturalness), a strategic and managerial tool designed for private and public sector stakeholders responsible for organising markets. Inès Guguen-Gicquel Sandrine Heitz-Spahn Beatrice Siadou Martin Géraldine Thévenot Naturalité, distance, âme, proposition de valeur, développement durable, marché alimentaire, marché alimentaire développement durable proposition de valeur âme distance, naturalité food market, sustainable development, value proposition, soul, distance, naturality, distance, naturalité food market, sustainable development, value proposition, soul, distance, naturality 2026 Perspectives - Revue semi-annuelle 2024 - Volume 2 N˚1 https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2025rj-01&r=&r=env → Pessimism could plunge us into a recession Kevin Moran, Dalibor Stevanovic, Adam Abdel Kader Touré → Where does our plastic waste go? Sophie Bernard, Florence Lapointe, Julien Martin → Mistaking immature classroom behaviour with ADHD Original analyses on the connections between school entry age and ADHD diagnoses for children in Quebec Catherine Haeck, Pierre Lefebvre, Geneviève Lefebvre, Philip Merrigan → Immigrant de deuxième génération et citoyen de second ordre ? Brahim Boudarbat, Idossou Marius Adom → Renoncer à la liberté : Comprendre les choix des détenus en matière de libération conditionnelle Guy Lacroix, William Arbour → Pessimism could plunge us into a recession Kevin Moran, Dalibor Stevanovic, Adam Abdel Kader Touré → Where does our plastic waste go? Sophie Bernard, Florence Lapointe, Julien Martin → Mistaking immature classroom behaviour with ADHD Original analyses on the connections between school entry age and ADHD diagnoses for children in Quebec Catherine Haeck, Pierre Lefebvre, Geneviève Lefebvre, Philip Merrigan → Immigrant de deuxième génération et citoyen de second ordre ? Brahim Boudarbat, Idossou Marius Adom → Renoncer à la liberté : Comprendre les choix des détenus en matière de libération conditionnelle Guy Lacroix, William Arbour Nathalie De Marcellis-Warin Carole Vincent 2025-04-29 A structuralist critique of ecologically unequal exchange: capital, technological, and financial dependence https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-20&r=&r=env The article critically extends the theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) through themacroeconomic perspective of Latin American Structuralism, placing productive, technological, and financial dependence at the core of the center–periphery relation. I develop a globalenvironmentally-extended and capital-augmented multi-regional input-output (EECAMRIO)model for the period 2000–2020, assessing trade in materials, labor, and land, as well as tradein capital goods, low-carbon technologies, and foreign direct investment flows, as well as sectoralinvestment and resource requirements. The results suggest that while materials, labor, and land flow from the periphery to the center, capital goods, low-carbon technologies, and financialflows circulate exclusively within the center, excluding the periphery from global tradenetworks. The sectoral analyses reveals that EUE is driven by the penetration of foreign investmentinto peripheral production structures, as peripheral economies import capital goodsprimarily to export resource-intensive commodities, while the center (and China) import capitalgoods to export technology- and capital-intensive goods. Building on these results, thearticle advances a structuralist interpretation of EUE based on the relation between capitalimports and resource exports. EUE ceases to be a primary cause of underdevelopment, butthe result of the historically-determined asymmetric integration of peripheral economies intothe world capitalist system. The results of this study not only provide important insights for"Ecological Structuralism", but also position EUE within dynamics of the ecological transition. Luca Tausch Latin American Structuralism, ecologically unequal exchange, capital goods, productive and financial dependence 2026 A decision-making framework for crowdfunding platform impact maximization https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05744845&r=&r=env Crowdfunding platforms (CFP) are increasingly interested in enhancing their impact, by funding projects with positive environmental and social impacts. This article is the first that models the CFP strategies in this context. We compare two attitudes: a neutral (passive) facilitating attitude and an active one. In the latter case, the CFP implicitly favors a subset of the projects by promoting them to the crowd. We model the utility of the CFP, linked to its monetary outcome and the impact of the funded projects, and formulate an optimization problem that maximizes it by acting on the promotion strategy. We show how to solve this problem using real options and dynamic programming. For applying this framework, we perform an empirical study based on a large dataset that quantifies the attractiveness gain for projects when they are promoted by the platform. We then propose a novel hybrid empirical/analytical method, where platform data is processed and provides input parameters to the optimization tool. Our results show that substantial gains are expected when applying the optimization framework with respect to a platform adopting a classical passive attitude. Our study provides guidelines for platform managers on how to design and implement strategies that maximize their impact. L Salahaldin S Elayoubi V Varma real options, decision making, environmental and social impact, utility maximization, Crowdfunding 2026-01-12